Redes Ejercicio CCNA-DemoManual

LAB MANUAL FOR CCNA
Version 1.0
CONTENTS:
1. Cisco Router Architecture
1.1 Block Diagram

1.2 Architectural Components of a Router
1.3 Memory Details of a Typical Cisco Router
2. Cisco Router (25xx series) and its interfaces
2.1 Interfaces Explained

2.2 Console Port Configuration
3. Cisco 2610 Router
3.1 Overview
3.2 Front Panel Description
4. Introduction to Cisco IOS
4.1 Objective Test 1
5. Command Line Interface (CLI)
5.1 User Mode

5.2 Privileged Mode
5.3 Configuration Mode
6. Basic Exercises
6.1 Lab Exercise 1 : Entering user EXEC prompt on a Router and Exit
6.2 Lab Exercise 2 : Introduction to Basic User Interface
6.3 Lab Exercise 3 : Basic Show commands
6.4 Short Form Commands
Version 1.0 Copyright 2002 - 2016 CertExams.com 1

7. Routing IOS Fundamental Exercises
7.1 Lab Exercise 1 : Banner MOTD : Setting Message of the Day

7.2 Lab Exercise 2 : Setting Host Name
7.3 Lab Exercise 3 : Router Interface Configuration
7.4 Lab Exercise 4 : Setting Bandwidth on an Interface
7.5 Lab Exercise 5 : Setting Console Password
7.6 Lab Exercise 6 : Setting Telnet Password
7.7 Lab Exercise 7 : Setting Auxiliary Password to Router
7.8 Lab Exercise 8 : Implementing exec-timeout command
7.9 Lab Exercise 9 : Copy Running Configuration to Startup Configuration
7.10 Lab Exercise 10 : Router CDP Configuration
7.11 Lab Exercise 11 : Show CDP Configuration
7.12 Lab Exercise 12 : Show CDP neighbors
7.13 Lab Exercise 13 : Bringing up a Router Interface
7.14 Lab Exercise 14 : Set Keepalive Timers
7.15 Lab Exercise 15 : Set Hostname and MOTD Banner
7.16 Lab Exercise 16 : Console and Line Passwords
7.17 Lab Exercise 17 : Host Table
7.18 Lab Exercise 18 : Viewing ARP Entries
7.19 Lab Exercise 19 : Telnet
7.20 Lab Exercise 20 : TFTP
8. Exercises on Routing Fundamentals
8.1 Lab Exercise 1 : Introduction to IP

8.3 Lab Exercise 2 : Configuring Static routes
8.4 Lab Exercise 3 : Implement and Verify Static Routes
8.5 Lab Exercise 4 : Configuring Default route
8.6 Lab Exercise 5 : Implement and Verify Default-Routes
8.7 Lab Exercise 6 : Configuring Loopback Interface
8.8 Lab Exercise 7 : Connectivity Tests with Traceroute
8.2 Lab Exercise 8 : Configuring RIP
8.9 Lab Exercise 9 : Basic EIGRP Routing
9. Exercises on RIP/EIGRP Routing Scenarios
9.1 Lab Exercise 1 : RIP Routing Configuration Scenario

9.2 Lab Exercise 2 : Viewing IP RIP Information
9.3 Lab Exercise 3 : Configuring RIP v2
9.4 Lab Exercise 4 : RIP2 Routes
9.5 Lab Exercise 5 : EIGRP Routing Configuration Scenario
9.6 Lab Exercise 6 : EIGRP Troubleshooting Lab Secnario
9.7 Lab Exercise 7 : EIGRP Show Commands
10. Exercises on OSPF

10.1 Lab Exercise 1 : OSPF Configuration in Single Area
10.2 Lab Exercise 2 : OSPF Troubleshooting Lab Scenario-1
10.5 Lab Exercise 5 : OSPF Routing Configuration Scenario
11. Exercises on Access-Lists
11.1 Lab Exercise 1 : Creating a Standard Access List

11.2 Lab Exercise 2 : Applying an Access List to an Interface
11.3 Lab Exercise 3 : View Access List Entries
11.4 Lab Exercise 4 : Standard Access List Scenario Lab 1
11.5 Lab Exercise 5 : Standard Access List Scenario Lab 2
11.6 Lab Exercise 6 : Router Access List Configuration
11.7 Lab Exercise 7 : Configuring and Verifying Standard Access List
11.8 Lab Exercise 8 : Configuring and Verifying Extended Access List
11.9 Lab Exercise 9 : Configuring and Implementing Extended Access List
11.10 Lab Exercise 10 : Verifying Extended Access-Lists
11.11 Lab Exercise 11 : Named Access-Lists
12. Exercises on Network Address Translation
12.1 Lab Exercise 1 : NAT Scenario 1

12.4 Lab Exercise 4 : Dynamic NAT Scenario-1
12.5 Lab Exercise 5 : NAT Troubleshooting Scenario-1
12.6 Lab Exercise 6 : NAT and PAT
13. Exercises on DHCP
13.1 Lab Exercise 1 : Configuring cisco router as a DHCP Server

13.2 Lab Exercise 2 : DHCP client configuration
13.3 Lab Exercise 3 : Configuring two DHCP clients and DHCP verification commands
14. Exercises on PPP and ISDN
14.1 Lab Exercise 1 : PPP Configuration

14.2 Lab Exercise 2 : Configuring ISDN using BRI
14.3 Lab Exercise 3 : Configuring ISDN using BRI-Routing
15. Exercises on Frame-Relay
15.1 Lab Exercise 1 : Configuring Frame-Relay without sub-interfaces

15.2 Lab Exercise 2 : Configuring Frame-Relay with point-to-point sub-interfaces

15.3 Lab Exercise 3 : Frame-Relay with sub-interfaces-Routing
15.4 Lab Exercise 4 : Frame-Relay Show Commands
15.5 Lab Exercise 5 : Frame-Relay Full Mesh Topology
16. Exercises on IPv6
16.1 Lab Exercise 1 : Enabling IPv6 on a cisco router

16.2 Lab Exercise 2 : Enabling IPv6 on a cisco router interface
16.3 Lab Exercise 3 : Configuring IPv6 on a cisco router interface with IPv6 address in
EUI format
16.4 Lab Exercise 4 : Configuring IPv6 on a cisco router interface with IPv6 address in
general form
16.5 Lab Exercise 5 : Configuring loopback interface with IPv6 address
16.6 Lab Exercise 6 : Configuring IPv6 on two router interfaces connected directly and
pinging the distant interface using console
16.7 Lab Exercise 7 : Traceroute lab
17. Exercises on IPv6 Routing Protocols
17.1 Lab Exercise 1 : Enabling RIPng on a cisco router interface

17.2 Lab Exercise 2 : Enabling RIPng on two routers and pinging between them
17.3 Lab Exercise 3 : Entering RIPng router configuration mode and setting global
parameters on a cisco router
17.4 Lab Exercise 4 : Configuring EIGRPv6 on a router interface
17.5 Lab Exercise 5 : Configuring EIGRPv6 on two routers and pinging between them
17.6 Lab Exercise 6 : Enabling OSPF for IPv6 on a cisco router interface
17.7 Lab Exercise 7 : Configuring OSPF on two router interfaces
17.8 Lab Exercise 8 : General IPv6 configuration on 2610 series router
18. Exercises on BGP
18.1 Lab Exercise 1: Basic BGP Configuration

18.2 Lab Exercise 2: Setting BGP attributes
18.3 Lab Exercise 3: Setting the BGP neighbor password
18.4 Lab Exercise 4: To disable the peer
18.5 Lab Exercise 5: Basic Configuration of a Peer Group
18.6 Lab Exercise 6: Configuring Multi Exit Discriminator Metric
19. Exercises on Route Redistribution
19.1 Lab Exercise 1: Route Redistribution for RIP

19.2 Lab Exercise 2: Route Redistribution for EIGRP
19.3 Lab Exercise 3: Route Redistribution for OSPF
19.4 Lab Exercise 4: Redistribution between EIGRP and OSPF
19.5 Lab Exercise 5: Redistribution between RIP and EIGRP
20. Exercises on MPLS

20.1 Lab Exercise 1: Configuring a Router for MPLS Forwarding and verifying the
configuration of MPLS forwarding.
20.2 Lab Exercise 2: Enabling MPLS
20.3 Lab Exercise 3: Configuring MPLS LDP
20.4 Lab Exercise 4: Configuring MPLS using EIGRP
20.5 Lab Exercise 5: Configuring MPLS using OSPF
20.6 Lab Exercise 6: Configuring MPLS using RIP
20.7 Lab Exercise 7: MPLS show commands
21. Cisco Switch Architecture
21.1 Cisco 2950 Switch

21.2 Management Options
21.3 Cisco 1912-12 Port Switch
22. Cisco Switch IOS
22.1 Logging into the switch

22.2 Lab Exercise 1 : Introduction to Switch
22.3 Lab Exercise 2 : Switch 2950 Console Password Assignment
22.4 Lab Exercise 3 : Switch 2950 VTY Password Assignment
22.5 Lab Exercise 4 : Switch 2950 Setting Privileged password
22.6 Lab Exercise 5 : Enable Fast Ethernet Interface on a 2950 Switch
22.7 Lab Exercise 6 : Initial Switch Configuration
22.8 Lab Exercise 7 : Basic Switch Interface Configuration
22.9 Lab Exercise 8 : Catalyst 2950 Switch Configuration
23. Exercises on Spanning Tree Protocol
23.1 Lab Exercise 1 : Enabling STP

23.2 Lab Exercise 2 : Configuring Root Switch
23.3 Lab Exercise 3 : Configuring Port-Priority
23.4 Lab Exercise 4 : Configuring Switch Priority of a VLAN
23.5 Lab Exercise 5 : Configuring STP Timers
23.6 Lab Exercise 6 : Verifying STP
24. Exercises on Switch Configuration and VLAN
24.1 Lab Exercise 1 : Basic Switch IP Configuration

24.2 Lab Exercise 2 : Configuring 2950 Switch vlan
24.3 Lab Exercise 3 : 2950 Trunking Configuration
24.4 Lab Exercise 4 : Troubleshooting 2950 Switch
24.5 Lab Exercise 5 : Creating and Deleting 2950 VLAN's
24.6 Lab Exercise 6 : Configuring VTP on 2950 Switch
24.7 Lab Exercise 7 : Configuring VTP with a VTP Client
24.8 Lab Exercise 8 : Troubleshooting lab with non-matching domains
24.9 Lab Exercise 9 : Troubleshooting lab with trunk functionality
24.10 Lab Exercise 10 : VLAN Scenario

24.11 Lab Exercise 11 : VTP Scenario
24.12 Lab Exercise 12 : VLANs and Trunking
24.13 Lab Exercise 13 : Routing between VLANs (Router on a stick)
25. Final Exam
25.1 Objective Test Final Exam
26. Appendix
26.1 Answer Keys for Objective Test 1

26.16 Answer Keys for Final Exam
27. Icons used in the Manual

1. CISCO ROUTER ARCHITECTURE
1.1. Block Diagram
1.2. Architectural Components of a Router
1.2.1 Processor
The CPU used here is typically Motorola 68030 CISC. The following are the
important characteristics of the CPU.
32 bit bus, 20 MHz clock (25 MHz on some platforms).
256 Bytes internal Data Cache, 256 Bytes internal Instruction Cache, both direct
mapped.
1.2.2 System Control Logic
System Control Logic is used to help the main processor with device control,
interrupt handling, counting and timing, data transfer, minimal First In, First Out
(FIFO) buffering, and communication with network interfaces and Dynamic RAM
(DRAM).
1.2.3 Buses
CPU use Buses to access various components of the system. In addition, Buses are
used to transfer instructions and data to or from specified memory addresses.
CPU Bus: It is used for high speed operations with direct Processor access.
System Bus: This allows communication with Ethernet/Token Ring controllers,

WAN port interfaces, and so on.

1.2.4. Dual UART
Dual Universal Asynchronous Receiver-Transmitter (UART) provides the necessary

user interface. It has one RS232 port, Data Communications Equipment (DCE) (for
Console port) RJ45, and Data Terminal Equipment (DTE) (for Auxiliary port) RJ45.
1.3 Memory Details of a Typical Cisco 25xx Series Routers
1.3.1 DRAM
This memory is analogous to the memory in PCs. DRAM is a fast memory and loses
its contents when the system is restarted (power cycled).
The DRAM has Main Processor Memory and Shared Input/Output (I/O) memory.
Main Processor Memory is used to hold routing tables, fast switching cache,
running configurations, and so on. It can take unused shared I/O memory, if needed.
Shared I/O memory is used for temporary storage of packets in system buffers.
1.3.2 Flash
Flash memory is typically located on a processor board SIMM card. Flash is a

permanent storage for the Cisco IOS software image, backup configurations, and any
other files. Cisco IOS software is run from the flash memory, these image files are
defined as re-locatable, because the Cisco IOS software image can be executed from
different locations in the Flash.
1.3.3 NVRAM
NVRAM is a Non-Volatile RAM used as permanent storage and this memory is re-
writeable. NVRAM is used to store the startup configuration. This is the
configuration file that IOS reads after the router OS is loaded and running. It is a fast
non volatile memory and does not lose contents when the router is switched off.
1.3.4 BOOT ROM
This refers to erasable programmable read-only memory (EPROM) and is used to

permanently store the startup diagnostic code (ROM Monitor), and RxBoot. Boot
ROM size is 2 MB. This type of memory consists of one or more memory chips on a
router's processor board. This code runs when the router starts.

2. CISCO ROUTER (25xx series) AND ITS INTERFACES
A 2501 Cisco router is considered for the purpose of understanding typical Cisco router
interfaces. Please note that this is an entry level router, and the interfaces may be quite complex
for high end routers.
2.1 Interfaces Explained
Console port: This is used for connecting a console to the router. The console terminal will have
direct connection to the router, and you will be able to access all router interfaces and configure
the same. When you receive a new router, you need to use the console port to configure it.
Auxiliary port: Auxiliary port is used to access the router remotely using a modem. For this
purpose, you need to have the auxiliary port configured before hand.
Synchronous ports: 2501 has two synchronous ports as shown in the figure. These ports can be
used to connect to any serial line.
Ethernet AUI port: This port is used for connecting to the LAN.
2.2 Console port configuration
The console and auxiliary ports on Cisco IOS routers are asynchronous serial ports. The
console port and the auxiliary port are configured as data terminal equipment (DTE). 2500, 2600,

and 3600 Series Routers use RJ-45 connectors on both console and auxiliary ports. You need to
use appropriate adapter to connect to the external console or modem as required.
This table shows the console port configuration for the RJ-45 connector:
Console Port(DTE) RJ-45 to DB-25 Console Device

Terminal Adapter
RTS 1 5 CTS
DTR 2 6 (8?) DSR
TxD 3 3 RxD
GND 4 7 GND
RxD 6 2 TxD
DSR 7 20 DTR
CTS 8 4 RTS
3. Cisco 2610 Router
3.1 Overview:
Unlike Cisco 2500 routers, the 2600 series routers are modular access routers with LAN and
WAN connections that can be configured by means of interchangeable modules and WAN
interface cards. The available configuration options for 2610/2620 router are given below:
Model Ethernet Fast Ethernet Network WAN Advanced

(10BASE-T) (10/100) Module Interface Integration
Slot Card Slots Module Slots
Cisco 2610 1 -- 1 2 1
Cisco 2620 -- 1 1 2 1

The rear panel of the router is shown in the figure below:
Note that the Advanced Integration Module Slots (AIM Slot) is located on the system board and
you need to open the cover to access this slot. AIMs are installed by plugging into internal
connectors in the router, and they require no additional external interfaces or connections. The
Network Module slot can be used with any of the suitable cards, like Cisco Interface Module 8-
port ISDN-BRI Modem to suit specific requirements.
3.2 Front panel Description :
The front panel of a Cisco 2600 router consists of three LEDs as described below:
LED Description
Power On if the router is switched ON and operational.
RPS (Redundant Off - No RPS is attached.

Power Supply) On - RPS is attached and operational.
Blinking - RPS is attached, but has a failure.

Activity Off - No network activity is detected (In Cisco IOS
software)
Blink (500 ms ON, 500 ms OFF) - In ROMMON, no

errors.
Blink (500 ms ON, 500 ms OFF, 2 seconds between

codes) - In ROMMON, error detected.
Blink (less than 500 ms)In the Cisco IOS software,

the blink rate reflects the level of activity.
The difference between the 2610 and 2620 is the type of Ethernet port. 2620 has a fast Ethernet
port whereas 2610 has 10baseT Ethernet port.
1 WIC Slot 1 (Serial 0/1) 6 Ethernet 0/1 (Optionally: Token Ring 0/0)
2 WIC Slot 0 (Serial 0/0) 7 Network Module Port 0 (Serial 1/0)
3 Auxiliary Port 8 Network Module Port 1 (Serial 1/1)
4 Console Port 9 Network Module Port 2 (Serial 1/2)
5 Ethernet 0/0 10 Network Module Port 3 (Serial 1/3)
4. INTRODUCTION TO CISCO IOS
Like a personal computer, a router is based on a CPU that matches the required performance and
capabilities of the router. For example, the router 2501 uses Motorola 68030 processor on a
system motherboard.
The Cisco IOS software is network system software that runs on Cisco routers and switches. It is
used to configure, monitor, and troubleshoot the devices that are connected to the system.
When a router is switched ON, the bootstrap software (stored in Boot ROM) executes and
searches for a valid Cisco IOS software image. The source of the Cisco IOS software image can
be read from: Flash memory or a Trivial File Transfer Protocol (TFTP) server.
The choice among the two is determined by the configuration register setting. The factory-
default setting for the configuration register is 0x2102, which indicates that the router should
attempt to load a Cisco IOS software image from Flash memory.
In all our exercises, it is assumed that the router boots from the Flash memory.

Now, connect the console port of router to the work station (WS0)
Once you are connected to the router, you will be prompted with Enable prompt.
4.1 Objective Test 1 : Answer the following Questions
1. Where does the bootable IOS image (bootstrap code) is stored on a Cisco router?
a) RAM
b) ROM
c) Flash Memory
d) NVRAM
2. Where does the fully functional IOS image is stored in a Cisco router?
a) RAM
b) ROM
c) Flash Memory
d) NVRAM
3. Which of the following are internal configuration components of a Cisco Router? [Select all
that apply]
a) RAM/DRAM
b) ROM
c) NVRAM
d) Flash Memory
4. Which command will load the Cisco router configuration into RAM? [Select 2]
a) copy run start

b) copy star run
c) wri mem
d) reload
5. CISCO IOS COMMAND LINE INTERFACE
Cisco IOS has three command modes, each with access to different command sets.
5.1 User mode: This is the mode a user has access to after logging into the router. The user
mode is identified by the > prompt following the host name. The user has access to some basic
commands in this mode. The system cannot be configured or restarted from this mode.
5.2 Privileged mode: This is the mode where users can view the system configuration, and enter
configuration mode from this mode. All the commands that are available in user mode are also
available in privileged mode. Privileged mode is identified by the # prompt following the host

name. To enter privileged mode, one needs to type enable at the User mode prompt. If an
enable password or enable secret password has been set, you need to enter the password or secret
password to enter the privileged mode. The difference between a password and secret password
is that the secret password uses stronger encryption and not stored in as plain text.
5.3 Configuration mode: This mode allows users to configure the router. To enter into the
configuration mode, the user should enter the command configure terminal from privileged
mode. Global configuration mode is identified by the (config)# prompt following the host name.
After entering global configuration mode, you can enter any sub-mode depending on the
configuration task. For example, if you want to configure an IP address on routers serial
interface, you need to enter (config-if)# sub mode. To exit configuration mode, the user can enter
end or press Ctrl-Z.
By entering the command ? at any point shows the available commands at that level. The ? can
also be used in the middle of a command to show possible completion options.
6. BASIC EXERCISES
6.1 : Lab Exercise 1 : Entering User EXEC prompt on a Router, and exit
Description: A basic exercise, that shows how to enter into privileged EXEC prompt from user
mode prompt, and exit from the same.
Instructions:
1. Enter into privileged mode

2. Get back to the user mode
R1>
R1>enable
R1#disable
R1>
Back

6.2 : Lab Exercise 2 : Introduction to Basic User Interface
Description: This exercise helps to get familiar with the user mode, privileged mode, CLI and
basic commands.
Instructions:
1. Press enter to get the router prompt

2. In the user mode, type the command ? used to view all the commands in user mode
4. In the privileged mode, type the command ? to view all the commands in privileged mode
5. The command show ? displays all the show commands like show access-list, show banner,
show cdp, show hosts, show flash, show protocols etc
6.The command show running-config displays the running configuration
7. Press space bar to view more information
8. The command exit or disable logs out the router
R1>
R1>?
R1>enable
R1#
R1#?
R1#show ?
R1#show running-config
R1#exit
Or
R1#disable
Back
6.3 : Lab Exercise 3 : Basic show commands
Description: A basic exercise to get familiar and understand the various show commands
available in the privileged mode.
Instructions:

2. Show running-config displays the active configuration in memory. The currently active
configuration script running on the router is referred to as the running-config in the routers CLI
3. Show flash memory. Flash memory is a special kind of memory that contains the operating
system image file(s) on the router
4. Show history command displays all the past commands still present in routers memory
5. Show protocols command displays the protocols running on your router
6. Show version command displays critical information, such as router platform type, operating
system revision, operating system last boot time and file location, amount of memory, number of
interfaces, and configuration register

7. Show clock command displays the routers clock
8. Show hosts command displays list of hosts and all their interfaces IP Addresses
9. Show users command displays list of users who are connected to the router
10. Show interfaces command displays detailed information about each interface
R1>
R1>enable
R1#show running-config
R1#show flash
R1#show history
R1#show protocols
R1#show version
R1#show clock
R1#show hosts
R1#show interfaces
Back
6.4 Short form commands
1. copy running-config startup-config command can be interpreted and used in short form as
copy run start command.
2. show running-config command can be interpreted and used in short form as show run
command.
3. show startup-config command can be interpreted and used in short form as show start
command.
4. copy running-config tftp command can be interpreted and used in short form as "copy run
tftp" command.
5. copy tftp startup-config command can be interpreted and used in short form as "copy tftp
start" command.
Note: We can also use UP ARROW and DOWN ARROW keys to get the previously typed
command in the simulator.
1. You want to find the IOS version your router is running. Which command shows this
information?
a) show protocol
b) show interface
c) show processes
d) show version

2. You intend to connect your PC directly to a Cisco router. Which of the following allow you to
connect to the router directly?
a) Connect PCs COM port to the routers console port using a patch cable.
b) Connect PCs COM port to the routers console port using a straight through
cable
c) Connect PCs COM port to the routers console port using a rollover cable
d) Connect PCs Ethernet port to the Routers Ethernet port using a straight
through cable.
3. Which of the following can be used to view the previous command you entered into a Cisco
router? [Select 2]
a) CTRL+F1
b) The Down Arrow
c) The Up Arrow
d) CTRL + P
4. You are working in privileged mode (at # prompt). You want to get back to user mode. Which
command would you type at the privileged mode
prompt?
a) quit
b) exit
c) disable
d) end
5. What is the command used for copying the configuration from NVRAM to a running RAM?
a) copy startup running

b) copy startup-config running-config
c) copy running-config startup-config
d) write memory
6. Which of the following Cisco router components is used for storing a single startup
configuration file?
a) RAM
b) ROM
c) Flash Memory
d) NVRAM
7. The output of show interface s0/0 is given below. The output points to some problem with
the interface. What is the likely problem?
RouterA#show interface s0/0
Serial0/0 is down, line protocol is down Hardware is QUICC Serial Internet address is
213.5.3.7/16 MTU 1500 bytes, BW 1544 Kbit, DLY 20000 usec, rely 255/255, load 1/255
irrelevant output omitted

a) There is a protocol mismatch between the communication partners on the
interface.
b) There is some Layer 1 problem
c) The bandwidth was not set correctly
d) The IP address is illegal
8. Which cable do you use for connecting a Cisco router console port to a workstation?
a) A straight-through cable
b) A cross-over cable
c) Patch cable
d) Rolled cable

7. ROUTING IOS FUNDAMENTAL EXERCISES
7.1 : Lab Exercise 1 : Banner MOTD-Setting message of the day
Description: This exercise helps in understanding the procedure of setting message of the day
and the show banner command . Note that the banner is set in a single command line here. You
can also use multi-line banner motd command.
Instructions:

2. Enter into global Configuration Mode
3. Set banner to: "Welcome to local host". Starting and ending character of the banner should be
"Z" (Do not use quotes)
4. Use show banner command to view the banner that has been set
R1>enable
R1#configure terminal
R1(config)#banner motd Z Welcome to local host Z
R1(config)#exit
R1#show banner
Back

7.2 : Lab Exercise 2 : Setting Host Name
Description: This basic exercise illustrates the steps required to set a hostname to a router.
Instructions:

3. Set hostname as cisco
R1>enable
R1(config)#hostname cisco
Back
7.3 : Lab Exercise 3 : Router Interface Configuration
Description: In this lab, you will learn to enable interfaces on a router i.e, configure Serial 0 and
Ethernet 0 interfaces on a router with specified IP Address and Subnet Mask.
Instructions:

3. Set IP Address of Serial 0 as 196.20.32.15 and Subnet Mask as 255.255.255.5
4. Set IP Address of Ethernet 0 as 195.20.32.10 and Subnet Mask as 255.255.255.10
R1>enable
R1(config)#interface serial 0
R1(config-if)#ip address 196.20.32.15 255.255.255.5
R1(config-if)#exit
R1(config)#interface ethernet 0
Back
7.4 : Lab Exercise 4 : Setting Bandwidth on an interface
Description: Bandwidth refers to the rate at which data is transferred over the communication
link. You setup the bandwidth on a given interface (interface serial 0) to a specified value (64
kbps). You also set the clockrate to 64000. Note that bandwidth is represented in kbps whereas
clock rate is entered in bps.
Syntax: bandwidth (interface):
The command bandwidth <kilobits> will set and communicate the bandwidth value for an
interface to higher-level protocols.

Ex: bandwidth 64 will set the bandwidth to 64 kbps. Use no form of the command to set the
bandwidth to default value.
Instructions:
1. Enter to serial 0 mode

2. Set bandwidth of serial 0 as 64 kbps
3. Set clockrate as 64000 bps
R1>enable
R1(config-if)#bandwidth 64
R1(config-if)#clock rate 64000
Back
7.5 : Lab Exercise 5 : Setting Console Password
Not Available in Demo Version
7.6 : Lab Exercise 6 : Setting Telnet Password
7.7 : Lab Exercise 7 : Setting Auxiliary Password to Router
7.8 : Lab Exercise 8 : Implementing exec-timeout command
7.9 : Lab Exercise 9 : Copy Running Configuration to Startup Configuration
7.10 : Lab Exercise 10 : Router CDP Configuration

7.11 : Lab Exercise 11 : Show CDP configuration
7.12 : Lab Exercise 12 : Show CDP Neighbors
7.13 : Lab Exercise 13 : Bringing-up a router Interface
7.14 : Lab Exercise 14 : Set Keepalive Timers
7.15 : Lab Exercise 15 : Set Hostname and MOTD Banner
7.16 : Lab Exercise 16 : Console and Line Passwords
7.17 : Lab Exercise 17 : Host Table
7.18 : Lab Exercise 18 : Viewing ARP Entries
7.19 : Lab Exercise 19 : Telnet

7.20 : Lab Exercise 20 : TFTP

8. EXERCISES ON ROUTING FUNDAMENTALS
8.1 : Lab Exercise 1 : Introduction to IP
Description: This lab exercise is to learn assigning IP address to routers and pinging between
them to test connectivity
Instructions:
1. Connect to router R1, configure its terminal and set its hostname to Router1
2. Enter interface configuration mode for Ethernet 0 interface and serial 0 interface and set its IP
addresses to 10.1.10.2/24, 172.16.20.1/24 and enable the interfaces
4. Enter interface configuration mode for Ethernet 0 interface and set its IP address to
10.1.10.1/24 and enable the interface
6. Enter interface configuration mode for serial 0 interface and set its ip address to
172.16.20.2/24 and enable the interface
7. Ping Router2s Ethernet interface and Router3s serial 0 interface from Router1
8. Use the command show ip interface brief to verify that the lines and protocols are up for all
Router1s interfaces
9. Display Router1s running configuration to verify that the IP addresses appear
10. Display detailed IP information about each interface on Router1
R1>enable
R1(config)#hostname Router1
Router1(config)#
Router1(config)#interface ethernet 0
Router1(config-if)#
Router1(config-if)#ip address 10.1.10.2 255.255.255.0
Router1(config-if)#no shutdown

Router1(config-if)#exit
Router1(config)#interface serial 0
Router1(config-if)#no shut
R2>enable
Router2(config)#
Router2(config)#interface Ethernet 0
R3>enable
Router3(config)#interface serial 0
Router1#ping 10.1.10.1
Router1#ping 172.16.20.2
Router1#show ip interface brief
Router1#show running-config
Router1#show ip interface
Back
8.2 : Lab Exercise 2 : Configuring Static Routes
Description: Configure static route 172.16.1.0 mask 255.255.255.0 with next hop address of
172.16.2.1.
Syntax: ip route prefix mask {address|interface} [distance]
prefix mask: It is the ip route prefix and mask for the destination.
address|interface: Use either the next hop router ip or the local router outbound interface used
to reach the destination.
distance: It is the administrative distance and an optional parameter.
Instructions:
1. Enter into Global Configuration Mode

2. Disable IP Routing
3. Re-enable IP Routing
4. Configure a static route with destination sub network number as 172.16.1.0,
subnet mask as 255.255.255.0,and IP address of the next-hop router in the destination path to

172.16.2.1
R1>enable
R1(config)#no ip routing
R1(config)#ip routing
R1(config)#ip route 172.16.1.0 255.255.255.0 172.16.2.1
Note: no ip routing command used in the above exercise is used to remove any
previously configured routing information.
Back
8.3 : Lab Exercise 3 : Implement and Verify Static Routes
8.4 : Lab Exercise 4 : Configuring Default Route
8.5 : Lab Exercise 5 : Implement and Verify Default Routes
8.6 : Lab Exercise 6 : Configuring Loopback Interface
8.7 : Lab Exercise 7 : Connectivity Tests with Traceroute
8.8 : Lab Exercise 8 : Configuring RIP
8.9 : Lab Exercise 9 : Basic EIGRP Routing

9. EXERCISES ON RIP/EIGRP Routing Scenarios
9.1 : Lab Exercise 1 : RIP Routing Configuration Scenario
Description: The purpose of this exercise is to configure RIP on all the devices and test for ping
and trace commands.
The router rip command selects RIP as the routing protocol.
The network command assigns a major network number that the router is directly
connected to. The RIP routing process associates interface addresses with the advertised network
number and begins RIP packet processing on the specified interfaces.
Instructions:
1. Assign the IP address of all the devices as given below

Device Interface IP Address Mask
R1 S0 192.168.1.1 255.255.255.0
S1 192.168.3.1 255.255.255.0
R2 S0 192.168.1.2 255.255.255.0
S1 192.168.2.1 255.255.255.0
R3 S0 192.168.3.2 255.255.255.0
S1 192.168.2.2 255.255.255.0
2. Bring all the interfaces to up

3. Configure RIP on all the devices
4. From R1 issue a ping and trace command to R2 and R3
On R1:
R1>enable
R1(config-if)# no shutdown
R1(config-if)#exit
R1(config-if)#exit
R1(config)#router rip
R1(config-router)#network 192.168.1.0
On R2:
R2>enable
R2(config-if)#exit
R2(config-if)#no shutdown
R2(config-if)#exit

On R3:
R3>enable
R3(config-if)#exit

R3(config-if)#exit
On R1:
R1#ping 192.168.2.2
R1#ping 192.168.2.1
R1#trace 192.168.2.2
R1#trace 192.168.2.1
Back
9.2 : Lab Exercise 2 : Viewing IP RIP Information
9.3 : Lab Exercise 3 : Configuring RIP V2
9.4 : Lab Exercise 4 : RIP2 Routes
9.5 : Lab Exercise 5 : EIGRP Routing Configuration Scenario

9.6 : Lab Exercise 6 : EIGRP troubleshooting Lab Scenario
9.7 : Lab Exercise 7 : EIGRP Show Commands

10. Exercises on OSPF
10.1 : Lab Exercise 1 : OSPF Configuration in Single Area
Description: In OSPF single area, you configure OSPF network with an area ID. The
configuration example uses four routers working in area 200.
IP Address Assignment Table
R1-s0 192.168.1.1 255.255.255.0
R2-w0/s0 192.168.1.2 255.255.255.0
R2-w0/s1 192.168.2.1 255.255.255.0
R2-w1/s0 192.168.3.1 255.255.255.0
R3-s0 192.168.2.2 255.255.255.0
R4-s0 192.168.3.2 255.255.255.0

Instructions:
1. Based on the given network configuration, use appropriate commands to configure OSPF in
networks 192.168.1.0, 192.168.2.0, 192.168.3.0 within area 200
2. Ping R3 and R4 from R1 and verify connectivity
3. Ping R1 and R3 from R4 and verify connectivity
Note : You need to assign the IP addresses and make the interfaces up (by issuing no shutdown
commands at appropriate interfaces) for all the devices before proceeding with the following
commands.
On R1:
R1(config)#router ospf 1
R1(config-router)#network 192.168.1.0 0.0.0.255 area 200
R1(config-router)#exit
R1(config)#exit
R1#
On R2:
R2(config)#exit
R2#
On R3:
R3(config)#exit
R3#
On R4:
R4(config)#exit
R4#
On R1:
R1#ping R3

R1#ping R4
On R4:
R4#ping R1
R4#ping R3
Back
10.2 : Lab Exercise 2 : OSPF Troubleshooting Lab Scenario-1
Description: In OSPF single area, you configure OSPF network with an area ID.
The configuration example uses four routers working in area 200.
R1-s0 192.168.1.1 255.255.255.0
R2-w0/s0 192.168.1.2 255.255.255.0
R2-w0/s1 192.168.2.1 255.255.255.0

R2-w1/s0 192.168.3.1 255.255.255.0
R3-s0 192.168.2.2 255.255.255.0
R4-s0 192.168.3.2 255.255.255.0
Instructions:
1. Assign IP Addresses on all the devices as per the above table and bring all the interfaces to up
state
2. On R1 enable OSPF routing with process 1 and area as 200 for the network 192.168.1.0
3. On R2 enable OSPF routing with process 1 and area as 200 for the network 192.168.2.0 and
192.168.3.0
6. Ping R1 from R4, you will see ping failure
7. Ping R2 from R4, you will see ping success (This implies connectivity failure from R2 to R1)
8. Issue command on R2 to see OSPF database
9. You will see that there is no link state entry for network 192.168.1.0, so enable OSPF routing
on R2 for this network
10. Ping R1 from R4, you will see ping success
Note : You need to assign the IP addresses and make the interfaces up (by issuing no shutdown
commands
On R1:
R1(config)#exit
R1#
On R2:
R2(config)#exit
R2#
On R3:

R3(config)#exit
R3#
On R4:
R4(config)#exit
R4#
R4#ping R1
R4#ping R2
On R2:
R2#Show ip ospf database

R2(config)#exit
R2#
On R4:
R4#ping R1
Back
10.5 : Lab Exercise 5 : OSPF Routing Configuration Scenario

11. Exercises on Access-Lists
11.1 : Lab Exercise 1 : Creating a Standard Access List
Description:Create an access-list and configure the same according to a given set of rules.
Instructions:

2. Create an IP access-list to permit traffic from address 192.168.10.5, and deny all other traffic.
Use 1 as IP access-list number.
3. Create an access-list 2 that blocks only the single IP address 196.145.25.5
4. Type the command used for permitting packets from any IP Address. Use Access-list number
as 2
R1>enable
R1(config)#access-list 1 permit 192.168.10.5
R1(config)#access-list 2 deny 196.145.25.5
R1(config)#access-list 2 permit any
Back
11.2 : Lab Exercise 2 : Applying an Access List to an Interface
Description: Apply access-list 1 to interface Ethernet 0 on R1. Apply the access-list on both
incoming and outgoing interfaces.
Instructions:
1. Enter into Interface Configuration Mode. Use the interface Ethernet 0

2. Use no shut down command on Ethernet 0 interface
3. Assuming that an access-list 1 is created, apply it to the interface Ethernet 0 as an inbound
access-list
4. Apply an access-list 1 to interface Ethernet 0 as an outbound access-list
R1>enable
R1(config-if)#ip access-group 1 in
R1(config-if)#ip access-group 1 out
Back
11.3 : Lab Exercise 3 : View Access List Entries
Description: Configure standard access-list #1 to permit ip 192.168.10.5 and view access-list

entries by using appropriate show command.

Instructions:

2. Create an Access-list that permits traffic from address 192.168.10.5. Use access-list number 1.
Exit from the global configuration mode
3. Use the show command to see the Access-list
R1>enable
R1(config)#access-list 1 permit 192.168.10.5
R1(config)#exit
R1#show access-list
Back
11.4 : Lab Exercise 4 : Standard Access List Scenario Lab 1
11.5 : Lab Exercise 5 : Standard Access List Scenario Lab 2
11.6 : Lab Exercise 6 : Router Access List Configuration
11.7 : Lab Exercise 7 : Configuring and Verifying Standard Access List
11.8 : Lab Exercise 8 : Configuring and Verifying Extended Access List
11.9 : Lab Exercise 9 : Configuring and Implementing Extended Access List
11.10 : Lab Exercise 10 : Verifying Extended Access-Lists

11.11 : Lab Exercise 11 : Named Access-List
11.12 Objective Test 7: Answer the following Questions

12. EXERCISES ON NETWORK ADDRESS TRANSLATION
NAT stands for Network Address Translation is used to perform address translation between two
networks, which are identified as the inside network and the outside network in NAT
terminology i.e, there are primarily two ways a NAT can be defined in a network.
One is NAT inside, where we define the inside local, and inside global ip addresses; and the
other is NAT outside, where we define the outside local, and outside global IP addresses.
Note: Please refer the below Network Diagram and IP Address Assignment Table for all the
exercises in this section.
Network Diagram : Given below
Device Interfac IP Address Mask

e
R1 S0 200.200.200. 255.255.255.
1 0
E0
192.168.1.13 255.255.0.0

R2 S0 200.200.200. 255.255.255.
2 0
E0
10.1.1.4 255.0.0.0
PC1 192.168.1.10 255.255.0.0
PC2 192.168.1.11 255.255.0.0
PC3 10.1.1.1 255.0.0.0
PC4 10.1.1.2 255.0.0.0
SW1 192.168.1.12 255.255.0.0
SW2 10.1.1.3 255.0.0.0
12.1 : Lab Exercise 1 : NAT Scenario 1
Description: The purpose of this exercise is to configure NAT on the source router (NAT inside
source) and test for connectivity by pinging a remote router.
NAT Mapping Table for Inside Source
Inside Local Inside Global
192.168.1.10 200.200.200.3
192.168.1.11 200.200.200.4
Instructions:
1. Assign IP addresses on all the devices as per the above table

2. Enable routing on all routers (you can use RIP/EIGRP/OSPF routing)
3. Create IP NAT Mapping (Hint: use inside source static command) on R1
4. Define IP NAT Inside and IP NAT Outside interfaces on R1
5. Test for Connectivity from PC1 to R2 by issuing ping command
Note: You need to do the following before proceeding with the following commands
1. Assign the IP addresses and make the interfaces up (by issuing no shutdown commands at
appropriate interfaces) for all the devices

2. Enable routing on the network. You can use rip/eigrp/ospf for this purpose
R1>enable
R1#conf term
R1(config)#ip nat inside source static 192.168.1.10 200.200.200.3
R1(config)#ip nat inside source static 192.168.1.11 200.200.200.4
R1(config-if)#ip nat outside
R1(config-if)#exit
R1(config-if)#ip nat inside
R1(config-if)#exit
R1(config)#exit
R1#
PC1:ping R2
Back
Description: The purpose of this lab is to configure NAT on the destination router (NAT outside
source) and test for connectivity by pinging a remote router.
NAT Mapping Table for Outside Source
Outside Local Outside Global
10.1.1.1 200.200.200.3
10.1.1.2 200.200.200.4
Instructions:
1. Assign IP addresses on all the devices as per the table given above
2. Create IP NAT Mapping (Hint: use outside source static command) on R2
3. Define IP NAT Inside and IP NAT Outside interfaces on R2
4. Test for Connectivity from PC1 to R2 by issuing ping command
Note: You need to assign the IP addresses and make the interfaces up (by issuing no shutdown
commands
R2>enable
R2#conf term
R2(config)#ip nat outside source static 10.1.1.1 200.200.200.3

R2(config)#ip nat outside source static 10.1.1.2 200.200.200.4
R2(config-if)#ip nat outside
R2(config-if)#exit
R2(config-if)#ip nat inside
R2(config-if)#exit
R2(config)#exit
R2#
PC1:ping R2
PC1:ping 200.200.200.3
PC1:ping 200.200.200.4
Back
12.4 : Lab Exercise 4 : Configuring Dynamic NAT Scenario I
12.5 : Lab Exercise 5 : Troubleshooting Static NAT Scenario I
12.6 : Lab Exercise 6 : NAT and PAT

13. Exercises on DHCP
13.1 Lab Exercise 1 : Configuring cisco router as a DHCP Server
Description : This lab exercise demonstrates the required commands for DHCP Server
configuration on a cisco router.
Instructions :
1. Issue service dhcp command on router R1 that enables and disables the DHCP server
feature on router. By default, this is enabled.
2. Create an addressing pool for dhcp.
3. Issue network command that specifies the range of IP addresses to be assigned to
clients.
4. Assign the domain-name to the client.
5. In order to resolve Host names to IP addresses, client computers require the IP addresses
of DNS (Domain Name Service) servers. Use dns-server command that allows assigning
upto 8 DNS server addresses to the client, but however in simulator only 1 address is
allowed.
6. Specify the default-router address using default-router command that allows assigning
upto 8 default-gateway addresses to the client for this range of addresses.
7. Specify the duration of the lease, which if omitted results to default 1 day.
R1(config)#service dhcp
R1(config)#ip dhcp pool newpool
R1(config-dhcp)#network 192.168.2.0 255.255.255.0
R1(config-dhcp)#domain-name xyz.com
R1(config-dhcp)#dns-server 192.168.2.2
R1(config-dhcp)#default-router 192.168.2.1
R1(config-dhcp)#lease 2
R1(config-dhcp)#exit
R1(config)#
Back
13.2 Lab Exercise 2 : DHCP client configuration

13.3 Lab Exercise 3 : Configuring two DHCP clients and DHCP verification
commands
13.4 Objective Test 9 : Answer the following questions
14. Exercises on ISDN
14.1 : Lab Exercise 1 : PPP Configuration
Description: This exercise helps to understand how Point to Point Protocol encapsulation
works .Configure PPP across a point-to-point network as shown in the network diagram below.
Instructions:
1. Configure for PPP on router R1 Serial 0

2. Configure "stac" compression on R1
3. Configure for PPP on router R2 serial 0
4. Configure "stac" compression on R2
5. Verify PPP compression by using appropriate show command
Issue the command on router2
R1>enable
R1(config-if)#encapsulation ppp
R1(config-if)#compress stac
R2>enable

R2(config-if)#encapsulation ppp
R2(config-if)#compress stac
R2(config-if)#exit
R2(config)#exit
R2#show compress
Back
14.2 : Lab Exercise 2 : Configuring ISDN using BRI
Description: The purpose of this lab exercise is to configure ISDN BRI 0 interfaces on Routers
NY01 and LA01. The interface IP Addresses, Subnet Mask, and Switch-type are given in the
network diagram.
Instructions:
NY01:
1. Enter global configuration mode and assign hostname NY01. Specify isdn switch-type Basic-
5ess
2. Enter bri 0 interface configuration mode, and assign IP address as specified

3. Enable PPP encapsulation, and exit bri 0 interface configuration mode
4. Configure dialer string to call phone number 5554444. Specify dialer idle timeout as 10
minutes
5. Enter E0 interface configuration mode and assign IP address as specified
6. Exit interface configuration mode, and specify protocol IP to be the only interesting traffic on
isdn access line
7. Apply the dialer list to interface isdn bri 0
LA01:
The procedure to configure LA01 is similar to that of NY01, except for the hostname, and IP
address assignment.
1. Enter global configuration mode and assign hostname LA01. Specify isdn switch-type Basic-
5ess
2. Enter bri 0 interface configuration mode, and assign IP address as specified
3. Enable PPP encapsulation, and exit bri 0 interface configuration mode
4. Configure dialer string to call phone number 2224444. Specify dialer idle timeout as 10
minutes
5. Enter E0 interface configuration mode and assign IP address as specified
6. Exit interface configuration mode, and specify protocol IP to be the only interesting traffic on
isdn access line
7. Apply the dialer list to interface isdn bri 0
On NY01:
R1>enable
R1(config)#hostname NY01
NY01(config)#isdn switch-type basic-5ess
NY01(config)#interface bri 0
NY01(config-if)#ip address 192.168.1.1 255.255.255.0
NY01(config-if)#no shutdown
NY01(config-if)#encapsulation ppp
NY01(config-if)#exit
NY01(config)#dialer-list 1 protocol ip permit
NY01(config)#interface bri 0
NY01(config-if)#dial string 55554444
NY01(config-if)#dialer idle-timeout 600
NY01(config-if)#dialer-group 1
NY01(config-if)#exit
NY01(config)#interface e 0
NY01(config-if)#ip address 10.1.0.1 255.255.0.0
NY01(config-if)#end
NY01
On LA01:
R2>enable

R2(config)#hostname LA01
LA01(config)#isdn switch-type basic-5ess
LA01(config)#interface bri 0
LA01(config-if)#ip address 192.168.1.2 255.255.255.0
LA01(config-if)#no shutdown
LA01(config-if)#encapsulation ppp
LA01(config-if)#exit
LA01(config)#dialer-list 1 protocol ip permit
LA01(config)#interface bri 0
LA01(config-if)#dial string 22224444
LA01(config-if)#dialer idle-timeout 600
LA01(config-if)#dialer-group 1
LA01(config-if)#exit
LA01(config)#interface e 0
LA01(config-if)#ip address 10.2.0.1 255.255.0.0
LA01(config-if)#end
LA01#
Back
14.3 : Lab Exercise 3 : Configuring ISDN using BRI-Routing

15. Exercises on Frame-Relay
15.1 : Lab Exercise 1 : Configuring Frame-Relay without sub-interfaces
Description: Configure frame-relay without using sub-interfaces. This configuration example

uses full mesh topology.
Note that on a frame-relay network without sub-interfaces, the LMI-type is automatically

detected. Similarly, PVC DLCIs are learned through CMS status messages. There is no need to
specify the same explicitly. On the otherhand, in a FR network with point-to-point sub-interface
configurations, you need to specify the interface-dlci number.
Instructions:
IP Address Assignment Table:
Device-Interface IP Address/Mask
Venus-S0 192.160.1.1/24
Jupiter-S0 192.160.1.2/24

Saturn-S0 192.160.1.3/24
1. Specify frame-relay on S0 of Venus

2. Specify frame-relay on S0 of Saturn
3. Specify frame-relay on S0 of Jupiter
R1>enable
R1(config)#hostname Venus
Venus(config)#interface serial 0
Venus(config-if)# encapsulation frame-relay
Venus(config-if)#ip address 192.160.1.1 255.255.255.0
Venus(config-if)#^z
Venus#
R2>enable
R2(config)#hostname Jupiter
Jupiter(config)#interface serial 0
Jupiter(config-if)#encapsulation frame-relay
Jupiter(config-if)#ip address 192.160.1.2 255.255.255.0
Jupiter(config-if)#^z
R3>enable
R3(config)#hostname Saturn
Saturn(config)#interface serial 0
Saturn(config-if)#encapsulation frame-relay
Saturn(config-if)#ip address 192.160.1.3 255.255.255.0
Saturn(config-if)#^z
Saturn#
Back
15.2 : Lab Exercise 2 : Configuring Frame-Relay with point-to-point sub-

interfaces
Description: Configure frame-relay using point-to-point sub-interfaces. This example uses 4

routers connected together in the form of a star using sub-interfaces.

Note that on a frame-relay network without sub-interfaces, the LMI-type is automatically
detected. Similarly, PVC DLCIs are learned through CMS status messages. There is no need to
specify the same explicitly. On the otherhand, in a FR network with point-to-point sub-interface
configurations, you need to specify the interface-dlci number.
Instructions:
IP Address Assignment Table:
Device-Interface-Sub Interface IP Address/Mask
NY-S0.1 192.160.1.1/24
NY-S0.2 192.160.2.1/24
NY-S0.3 192.160.3.1/24
ND-S0.1 192.160.1.2/24
London-S0.1 192.160.2.2/24

LA-S0.1 192.169.3.2/24
Router NY:
1. Specify hostname
2. Enter sub-interface configuration mode for s0.1
3. Specify ip address
4. Specify interface-dlci number 62
5. Exit
6. Specify hostname
7. Enter sub-interface configuration mode for s0.2.
10. Exit
11. Specify hostname
15. Exit
Router ND:
1. Specify hostname
2. Specify frame-relay encapsulation
6. Exit
Router London:
1. Specify hostname
6. Exit
Router LA:
1. Specify hostname
6. Exit

R1>enable
R1#conf term
R1(config)#hostname NY
NY(config)#interface serial 0
NY(config-if)#encapsulation frame-relay
NY(config-if)#exit
NY(config)#interface serial 0.1 point-to-point
NY(config-subif)#ip address 192.160.1.1 255.255.255.0
NY(config-subif)#frame-relay interface-dlci 62
NY(config-subif)#exit
NY(config-subif)#exit
NY(config-subif)#^z
NY#copy running-config startup-config
R2>enable
R2(config)#hostname ND
ND(config)#interface serial 0
ND(config-if)#encapsulation frame-relay
ND(config-if)#exit
ND(config)#interface serial 0.1 point-to-point
ND(config-subif)#ip address 192.160.1.2 255.255.255.0
ND(config-subif)#frame-relay interface-dlci 62
ND(config-subif)#^z
ND#copy running-config startup-config
R3>enable
R3(config)#hostname London
London(config)#interface serial 0
London(config-if)#encapsulation frame-relay
London(config-if)#exit
London(config)#interface serial 0.1 point-to-point
London(config-subif)#ip address 192.160.2.2 255.255.255.0
London(config-subif)#frame-relay interface-dlci 63
London(config-subif)#^z
London#copy running-config startup-config
R4>enable
R4(config)#hostname LA
LA(config)#interface serial 0
LA(config-if)#encapsulation frame-relay

LA(config-if)#exit
LA(config)#interface serial 0.1 point-to-point
LA(config-subif)#ip address 192.160.3.2 255.255.255.0
LA(config-subif)#frame-relay interface-dlci 64
LA(config-subif)#^z
LA#copy running-config startup-config
Back
15.3 : Lab Exercise 3 : Frame-Relay with sub-interfaces Routing
15.4 : Lab Exercise 4 : Frame-Relay with Show Commands
15.5 : Lab Exercise 5 : Frame-Relay Full Mesh Topology

16. Exercises on IPv6
16.1 : Lab Exercise 1 : Enabling IPv6 on a cisco router
Description : This lab demonstrates the steps required to enable ipv6 on a cisco router.
Instructions
1. Enter into privileged mode on router R1.

2. Enter into global configuration mode.
3. Enter the command "ipv6 unicast-routing" that enables the forwarding of Ipv6 unicast
datagrams globally on the router.
R1>enable
R1(config)#ipv6 unicast-routing
R1(config)#exit
R1#exit
R1>
Note: The first step of enabling IPv6 on a Cisco router is the activation of IPv6 traffic
forwarding to forward unicast IPv6 packets between network interfaces. By default, IPv6 traffic
forwarding is disabled on Cisco routers.
The ipv6 unicast-routing command is used to enable the forwarding of IPv6 packets between
interfaces on the router.
Back
16.2 : Lab Exercise 2 : Enabling IPv6 on a cisco router interface
Description : This lab demonstrates the steps required to enable ipv6 on a cisco router interface.
Instructions

3. Enter the command "ipv6 unicast-routing" that enables the forwarding of IPv6 unicast
4. Enter into interface configuration mode and then use the command "ipv6 enable" to
enable ipv6 processing on the interface and the command also automatically configures an
IPv6 link-local address on the interface.
R1>enable
R1(config-if)#ipv6 enable
R1(config-if)#exit

R1(config)#exit
Note: To configure a router so that it uses only link local addresses, you only have to give
ipv6 enable command. Issuing an ipv6 address command automatically configure link
local addresses.
Back
16.3 : Lab Exercise 3 : Configuring IPv6 on a cisco router interface with IPv6
address in EUI-format
16.4 : Lab Exercise 4 : Configuring IPv6 on a cisco router interface with IPv6
address in general form
16.5 : Lab Exercise 5 : Configuring loopback interface with IPv6 address
16.6 : Lab Exercise 6 : Configuring IPv6 on two router interfaces connected

directly and pinging the distant interface using console
16.7 : Lab Exercise 7 : Traceroute lab

17. Exercises on IPv6 Routing Protocols
17.1 : Lab Exercise 1 : Enabling RIPng on a cisco router interface
Description: This lab exercise demonstrates enabling RIPng for IPv6 (next-generation RIP
protocol) on a router interface.
Instructions:

3. Enter the command "ipv6 unicast-routing" that enables the forwarding of Ipv6 unicast
4. Enter into interface configuration mode and then use the command "ipv6 rip <name> enable
command to enable the specified RIP routing process on an interface.
5. Issue "show ipv6 rip" command that displays information about the configured RIP routing
processes.
R1>enable
Enter configuration commands, one per line. End with CNTL/Z.
R1(config-if)#ipv6 rip pname1 enable
R1(config-if)#exit
R1(config)#exit
R1#show ipv6 rip
R1#show ipv6 protocols
Note: ipv6 rip <name> enable command enables the specified IPv6 RIP routing process on
an interface.
The process name is only significant within the router, and allows you to run more than
one RIP process if you want to. Because it is only locally significant, every router can have
a different RIP process name without conflict, although we generally don't recommend
this, as it can become confusing to manage.
Back
17.2 : Lab Exercise 2 : Enabling RIPng on two routers and pinging between
them
Description: This lab exercise demonstrates testing the connectivity using ping between two
routers configured with RIP routing processes.

Instructions:
1. Enter into privileged mode on router London (LD).

4. Enter into interface configuration mode and then assign IPv6 address on the interface.
and then use the command "ipv6 rip <name> enable command to enable the specified RIP
routing process on an interface.
5. Use the command "no shutdown" to start the protocol and issue copy run start config
command
6. Enter into privileged mode on router New York (NY).
9. Enter into interface configuration mode and then assign IPv6 address on the interface.
and then use the command "ipv6 rip <name> enable command to enable the specified RIP
routing process on an interface.
10. Use the command "no shutdown" to start the protocol and issue copy run start config
command
11. Ping LD from NY and test for connectivity.
LD>enable
LD#configure terminal
LD(config)#ipv6 unicast-routing
LD(config)#interface serial 0
LD(config-if)#ipv6 address 2001:3abc:d00:4ab:2::1/64
LD(config-if)#ipv6 rip process1 enable
LD(config-if)#no shutdown
LD(config-if)#exit
LD(config)#exit
LD#copy running-config startup-config
LD#
NY>enable
NY#configure terminal
NY(config)#ipv6 unicast-routing
NY(config)#interface serial 0
NY(config-if)#ipv6 address 2001:3abc:d00:4ab:2::2/64
NY(config-if)#ipv6 rip process1 enable

NY(config-if)#no shutdown
NY(config-if)#exit
NY(config)#exit
NY#copy running-config startup-config
NY#ping ipv6 2001:3abc:d00:4ab:2::1/64
Back
17.3 : Lab Exercise 3 : Entering RIPng router configuration mode and setting
global parameters on a cisco router
17.4 : Lab Exercise 4 : Configuring EIGRPv6 on a router interface
17.5 : Lab Exercise 5 : Configuring EIGRPv6 on two routers and pinging

between them
17.6 : Lab Exercise 6 : Enabling OSPF for IPv6 on a cisco router interface
17.7 : Lab Exercise 7 : Configuring OSPF on two router interfaces
17.8 : Lab Exercise 8 : General IPv6 configuration on 2610 series cisco router
17.9 Objective Test 12 : Answer the following questions

18. Exercises on BGP
18.1 : Lab Exercise 1: Basic BGP Configuration
Note: This Lab has three sections
I: Basic BGP Configuration
Description: Describes the commands for forming BGP neighbor relationships and
advertising networks.
Instructions:
1. Assign the IP addresses to all the devices as per the diagram.

2. Bring all the interfaces to up.
3. Issue network command on all the devices to identify the networks to be advertised by
the BGP process.
4. Issue neighbor command on Router R1 to identify each neighbor and its AS.
On R1:
R1>enable
R1#conf term
R1(config)# int s 0
R1(config-if)#exit
R1(config)#int s 1

R1(config-if)#exit
R1(config)#router bgp 300
R1(config)#exit
R1#
On R2:
R2>enable
R2#conf term
R2(config)# int s 0
R2(config-if)#exit
R2(config)#exit
R2#
On R3:
R3>enable
R3#conf term
R3(config)# int s 0
R3(config-if)#exit
R3(config)#exit
R3#
On R1:
R1>enable
R1#conf term
R1(config-router)# neighbor 10.10.10.2 remote-as 100
R1(config-router)#neighbor 20.20.20.2 remote-as 200
R1(config)#exit
Back
II: Managing and Verifying the BGP Configuration
III: Resetting neighbors

18.2 : Lab Exercise 2: Setting BGP attributes
18.3 : Lab Exercise 3: Setting the BGP neighbor password
18.4 : Lab Exercise 4: To disable the peer
18.5 : Lab Exercise 5: Basic configuration of a peer group
18.6 : Lab Exercise 6: Configuring Multi Exit Discriminator Metric

19. Exercises On Route Redistribution
19.1 : Lab Exercise 1: Route Redistribution for RIP
Description: This lab exercise demonstrates the command for redistributing EIGRP, OSPF, and
Static routes into RIP.
Instructions:
1. Enter into router configuration mode

2. Issue command to redistribute all EIGRP routes into RIP
3. Issue command to redistribute all OSPF routes into RIP
4. Issue command to redistribute all Static routes into RIP
On R1:
R1>enable
R1#conf term
R1(config-router)#redistribute eigrp 100 metric 1
R1(config-router)#redistribute ospf 1 metric 1
R1(config-router)#redistribute static metric 1
R1(config)#
NOTE: Metric command can also be given in following way (Using the default-metric
command saves work because it eliminates the need for defining the metric separately for each
redistribution.)
R1(config-router)#redistribute eigrp 100
R1(config-router)#redistribute ospf 1
R1(config-router)#redistribute static
R1(config-router)#default-metric 1
Back
19.2 : Lab Exercise 2 : Route Redistribution for EIGRP
19.3 : Lab Exercise 3 : Route Redistribution for OSPF
19.4 : Lab Exercise 4 : Redistribution between EIGRP and OSPF
19.5 : Lab Exercise 5 : Redistribution between RIP and EIGRP

20. Exercises On MPLS
Note: Please refer to the below network for the exercises 20.1, 20.2,20.3 given in this section.
20.1 Lab Exercise 1: Configuring a Router for MPLS Forwarding and verifying the
configuration of MPLS forwarding.
Description: MPLS forwarding on Cisco routers requires that Cisco Express Forwarding
be enabled. This lab exercise demonstrates the necessary commands to enable the Cisco
Express Forwarding.
Instructions:
1. Enable privileged EXEC mode.

2. Enter into configuration mode
3.Enable the Cisco express forwarding on the router.
R1>enable
R1#conf term
R1(config)#ip cef
R1(config)#exit
Back
20.2 Lab Exercise 2: Enabling MPLS
Description: The following example shows how to configure MPLS hop-by-hop forwarding on
the interface.
Instructions:

2. Enter into configuration mode
3. Enable the Cisco express forwarding on the router
4. Enter into interface configuration mode
5. Configures MPLS hop-by-hop forwarding on the interface.
6. Exit interface configuration mode
R1>enable
R1#conf term
R1(config)#ip cef
R1(config)#interface s 0/0
R1(config-if)#mpls ip
R1(config-if)#exit
R1(config)#exit
Note: Router(config)#mpls ip
Configures MPLS hop-by-hop forwarding globally.

The MPLS ip command is enabled by default; you do not have to specify this command.Globally
enabling MPLS forwarding does not enable it on the router interfaces. You must enable MPLS
forwarding on the interfaces as well as for the router.
Back
20. 3 Lab Exercise 3: Configuring MPLS LDP
Description: This lab exercise explains how to configure MPLS LDP sessions between two
directly connected routers. That is to establish LDP as the label distribution protocol on all the
interfaces.
Instructions:

2. Enter into configuration mode.
3. Enable the Cisco express forwarding on the router
4. Configure LDP on all interfaces
5. Enter into interface configuration mode
6. Configures MPLS hop-by-hop forwarding on the interface.
7. Exit interface configuration mode
8. Exits global configuration mode and enters privileged EXEC mode.
9. Issue show mpls interfaces command to verify that the interfaces have been configured to
use LDP.
R1>enable
R1#conf term
R1(config)#ip cef
R1(config)#mpls label protocol LDP
R1(config)#interface s 0/0

R1(config-if)#mpls ip
R1(config-if)#exit
R1(config)#exit
R1#show mpls interfaces
Note : To specify the MPLS Label Distribution Protocol (LDP) on all the interfaces, use the
mpls label protocol ldp command in global configuration mode.
LDP enables peer label switch routers (LSR) in a MPLS network to exchange label binding
information for supporting hop-by-hop forwarding in a MPLS
network. To establish LDP as the Label Distribution Protocol for an interface. The following
command is used in interface mode.
Router(config-if)# mpls label protocol ldp
The show mpls interfaces command ensures that MPLS is globally enabled. This command also
verifies that a Label Distribution Protocol (LDP) runs on the
requested interfaces:
The screen shot of 'Show MPLS interfaces' command is shown below
Back
20.4 Lab Exercise 4: Configuring MPLS using EIGRP
20.5 Lab Exercise 5: Configuring MPLS using OSPF
20.6 Lab Exercise 6: Configuring MPLS using RIP
20.7 Lab Exercise 7: MPLS Show commands

21. CISCO SWITCH ARCHITECTURE
21.1 Cisco 2950 switch (CISCO CATALYST 2950 24 PORT SWITCH WS-C2950-24
10/100)
Front Panel: The switch front panel consists of 24 RJ-45 port connectors that support 10/100
Mbps speed and LED indicators as shown in the figures below. Please note that the 2950 series
switches come in different flavors and vary greatly in the number and type of ports available.

Explanation:
The switch front panel contains Ports, LEDs and the Mode button.
Ports:
1. 10/100 Ports
These use RJ-45 Connectors and twisted-pair cabling and they can be connected to 10BASE-T-
compatible devices, such as workstations and hubs, or 100BASE-TX-compatible devices, such
as high-speed workstations, servers, hubs, routers, and other switches. The 10/100 ports can be
explicitly set to operate in any combination of half duplex, full duplex, 10 Mbps, or 100 Mbps.
2. 100BASE-FX Ports
The 100BASE-FX Ports use 50/125- or 62.5/125-micron multimode fiber-optic cabling. These
ports only operate at 100 Mbps in full-duplex mode.
You can connect a 100BASE-FX port to an SC or ST port on a target device by using one of the
MT-RJ fiber-optic patch cables
3. 10/100/1000 Ports
The 10/100/1000 ports on Catalyst 2950T-24 switches use RJ-45 connectors and twisted-pair
cabling. The ports can connect to10BASE-T-compatible devices, such as workstations and hubs
or 100BASE-TX-compatible devices, such as high-speed workstations, servers, hubs, routers,
and other switches or 1000BASE-T-compatible devices, such as high-speed workstations,
servers, hubs, routers, and other switches.
LEDs:
You can use the LEDs to monitor switch activity and performance. Changing the port mode
changes the information provided by each port status LED.

21.2 Management Options
Catalyst 2950 switches offer these management options:
Cluster Management Suite (CMS)
CMS is made up of three web-based applications that you use to manage switches. You can use
Cluster Builder, which includes Cluster View, and Cluster Manager to create, configure, and
monitor switch clusters. You can also use Device Manager to manage individual and standalone
switches.
IOS command-line interface (CLI)
You can manage switches by using command-line entries. To access the CLI, connect a PC or
terminal directly to the console port on the switch rear panel. If the switch is attached to your
network, you can use a Telnet connection to manage the switch from a remote location.
CiscoView application
You can use the CiscoView device-management application to set configuration parameters and
to view switch status and performance information. This application, which you purchase
separately, can be a standalone application or part of an Simple Network Management Protocol
(SNMP) network-management platform.
You can manage switches by using an SNMP-compatible management station running platforms
such as HP OpenView and SunNet Manager. The switch supports a comprehensive set of MIB
extensions and MIB II, the IEEE 802.1D bridge MIB, and four RMON groups. For more
information, refer to the documentation that came with your SNMP application.
21.3 Cisco 1912 12 port switch:
The Cisco Catalyst 1900 series of switches offer an economical option for Ethernet networks.
There are two Catalyst 1900 switches, the 1912, with 12 10BaseT switched ports and two Fast
Ethernet switched ports, and the 1924 with 24 10BaseT switched ports and two Fast Ethernet
switched ports. The Cisco Catalyst 1900 switch is useful for small workgroups needing switched
10-Mbps ports. Cisco has created a Command-Line Interface (CLI) for the 1900 series of
switches.

The figure above shows a 24-port 1900 switch with 2 Fast Ethernet ports.
10BaseT ports
The 10BaseT network ports use standard RJ-45 connectors. These ports can connect to 10BaseT-
compatible devices, such as individual workstations and hubs, with Category 3, 4, or 5 cabling.
Using this type of cabling, the distance between the switch and the attached device can be up to
100 meters.
Switched 100-Mbps Ports
The switches can have any of the following high-speed ports (depends on model):
o Two switched 100BaseTX ports
o One switched 100BaseTX port and one switched 100BaseFX port
o Two switched 100-Mbps fiber-optic ports
Rear-Panel Description
The rear panel of a Catalyst 1900 switch consists of the following:
1. AC power connector
2. Console port
3. Redundant power system (RPS) connector and
4. A switched AUI port

22. CISCO SWITCH IOS
22.1 Logging In To The Switch
When Catalyst switches are configured from the CLI that runs on the console or a remote
terminal, the Cisco IOS Software provides a CLI called the EXEC. The EXEC interprets the
commands that are entered and carries out the corresponding operations.
For security purposes, the EXEC has the following two levels of access to commands:
1. User mode: Typical tasks include those that check the status of the switch, such as some basic
show commands.
2. Privileged mode: Typical tasks include those that change the configuration of the switch. This
mode is also known as enable mode. If you have the password that gets you to this privileged
enable mode, you basically will have access to all possible device configuration commands.
To change from user EXEC mode to privileged EXEC mode, enter the enable command.
The switch then prompts for the enable password if one is configured. Enter the correct enable
password. By default, the enable password is not configured.
Note: Please refer to the below network diagram for all the exercises in this section.

22.2 : Lab Exercise 1 : Introduction to switch
Description: A basic exercise to get familiar with the different commands related to switch .
Choose 2950 switch from the N/W diagram, and use the following commands.
The switch initial startup status can be verified using the below status commands:
Show version: Displays the configuration of the system hardware and the currently loaded IOS
software version information
Show running-config: Displays the current active running configuration of the switch.This
command requires privileged EXEC mode access.
Show interfaces: Displays statistics and status information of all the interfaces on the switch.
Instructions:
1. Connect to switch and you should see the user mode prompt
2. Show version command displays the IOS version of the switch
3. Show interfaces command displays the interfaces of the switch
4. Show running-config displays the running configuration
2950>enable
2950#show version

2950#show interfaces
2950#show running-config
Back
22.3 : Lab Exercise 2 : Switch 2950 Console Password Assignment
Description: Select 2950 switch using the N/W Diagram button in the router simulator. Assign
password "consolepass" to line console 0.
Use the line console 0 command, followed by the password and login subcommands, to
require login and establish a login password on the console terminal or on a VTY port. By
default, login is not enabled on the console or on VTY ports.
Instructions:
1. Enter global configuration mode

2. Enter line sub-configuration mode
3. Set the console password to "consolepass"
4. Exit line configuration mode
2950>enable
2950#configure terminal
2950(config)#line console 0
2950(config-line)#password consolepass
2950(config-line)#exit
Back
22.4 : Lab Exercise 3 : Switch 2950 VTY password assignment
22.5 : Lab Exercise 4 : Switch 2950: Setting Privileged Password
22.6 : Lab Exercise 5 : Enable Fast Ethernet Interface on a 2950 switch
22.7 : Lab Exercise 6 : Initial Switch configuration

22.8 : Lab Exercise 7 : Basic Switch Interface Configuration
22.9 : Lab Exercise 8 : Catalyst 2950 Switch Configuration
23. Exercises on Spanning Tree Protocol
Note : Please refer to the below network for the exercises in this section. Also note that the spanning-tree
commands are made available only on 2950 switch in the simulator.
23.1 : Lab Exercise 1 : Enabling STP
Description : This lab exercise demonstrates the necessary commands to enable and disable
spanning tree protocol on a switch.
Instructions:

1. Enter into configuration mode on SW1
2. Issue command "spanning-tree vlan <vlan-num> to enable spanning-tree on a specified
VLAN
3. Issue no form of the command "spanning-tree vlan <vlan-num> to disable spanning-tree
on the VLAN specified.
SW1>enable
SW1#configure terminal
SW1(config)#spanning-tree vlan 1
SW1(config)#no spanning-tree vlan 1
SW1(config)#exit
SW1#
Note: Spanning Tree Protocol (STP) is enabled by default on modern switches. It is

possible to disable or enable the Spanning Tree Protocol (STP) when required.
Back
23.2 : Lab Exercise 2 : Configuring Root Switch
Description : This lab exercise demonstrates the necessary commands to configure the root
switch.
Instructions:
1. Enter into configuration mode on SW1

2. Issue the command "spanning-tree vlan <vlan-num> root" that modifies the switch priority
from the default 32768 to a lower value to allow the switch to become the root switch for VLAN
1
3. Verify the configuration using show spanning-tree command.
SW1>enable
SW1(config)#spanning-tree vlan 1 root
SW1(config)#exit
SW1#show spanning-tree
Back
23.3 : Lab Exercise 3 : Configuring Port-Priority
23.4 : Lab Exercise 4 : Configuring the switch priority of a VLAN

23.5 : Lab Exercise 5 : Configuring STP Timers
23.6 : Lab Exercise 6 : Verifying STP

24. EXERCISES ON SWITCH CONFIGURATION AND VLAN
24.1 : Lab Exercise 1 : Basic Switch IP Configuration
Description: Configure hostname as 2950, and set the switch ip address to 172.16.1.10, subnet
mask 255.255.255.0. Also, set the default-gateway to 172.16.1.2
Instructions:
1. Enter user Exec mode

2. Enter privileged Exec mode
3. Assign the hostname 2950
4. Assign an ip address 172.16.1.10 255.255.255.0
5. Assign default gateway route 172.16.1.2
6. Exit switch configuration mode
SW1>enable
SW1(config)#hostname 2950
2950(config)#interface vlan 1
2950(config-if)#ip address 172.16.1.10 255.255.255.0
2950(config-if)#exit
2950(config)#ip default-gateway 172.16.1.2
2950(config)#end
Back
24.2 : Lab Exercise 2 : Configuring 2950 Switch vlan
Description: Configure vlan1 on 2950 switch, and set the ip address to 192.16.2.3 mask
255.255.255.0. Set ip default-gateway to 172.16.2.2. copy running configuration to startup
configuration.
Instructions:
1. Enter privileged exec mode

2. Enter global configuration mode
3. Assign IP address 172.16.2.3 mask 255.255.255.0 on VLAN1
4. Set the default gateway to 172.16.2.2
5. Save the configuration to NVRAM
2950>enable
2950#configure terminal
2950(config)#interface vlan 1
2950(config-if)#ip address 172.16.2.3 255.255.255.0

2950(config-if)#exit
2950(config)#ip default-gateway 172.16.2.2
2950(config)#end
2950#copy running-config startup-config
Back
24.3 : Lab Exercise 3 : 2950 Trunking Configuration
Description : This exercise concentrates on establishing a trunk-line between the switches. The
command used to configure trunking is switchport mode trunk.
Instructions :
1. Connect to SW1 and configure fast ethernet interface fa 0/11 on the switch
2. Configure trunking on the switch by issuing command switchport mode trunk
3. Connect to SW2 and configure fast ethernet interface fa 0/11 on the switch
4. Configure trunk line on the switch by issuing switchport mode trunk command
5. Configure WS1 with IP Address 192.168.100.1/24 and WS2 with IP Address
192.168.100.2/24
SW1>enable
SW1(config)#interface fa 0/11
SW1(config-if)#switchport mode trunk
SW1(config-if)#exit
SW1(config)#exit
SW1#
SW2>enable
SW2(config)#interface fa 0/11
SW2(config-if)#switchport mode trunk
SW2(config-if)#exit
SW2(config)#exit
SW2#
WS1:ip address 192.168.100.1 255.255.255.0
WS2:ip address 192.168.100.2 255.255.255.0

Back
24.4 : Lab Exercise 4 : Troubleshooting 2950 Switch
24.5 : Lab Exercise 5 : Creating and Deleting 2950 VLAN's
24.6 : Lab Exercise 6 : Configuring VTP on 2950 Switch
24.7 : Lab Exercise 7 : Configuring VTP with a VTP Client
24.8 : Lab Exercise 8 : Troubleshooting lab with non matching domains
24.9 : Lab Exercise 9 : Troubleshooting lab with trunk functionality
24.10 : Lab Exercise 10 : VLANs Scenario
24.11 : Lab Exercise 11 : VTP (VLAN Trunking Protocol) Scenario
24.12 : Lab Exercise 12 : VLANs and Trunking

24.13 : Lab Exercise 13 : Routing between VLANs (Router on a stick)
25. FINAL EXAM
25.1 Objective Test Final Exam
26. Appendix
26.1 : Answer keys for Objective Test 1
1. b
Explanation : Typically, a Cisco router has the following types of memory

components:
1. RAM (or DRAM): This type of memory is used for working storage. This
is where part of IOS image, routing tables, packets, and others are stored
during normal working of a router. RAM is erased when the router is powered
off.
2. ROM (Read Only Memory): ROM stores bootstrap code for booting Cisco
IOS. It points to the functional IOS image so that the router can complete its
start-up configuration successfully. It is somewhat analogous to the BIOS in
PC. ROM also contains a small portion of IOS.
3. Flash memory: Flash memory contains the fully functional IOS images. It
is the default location for getting IOS image at boot time. You can loosely
compare the IOS image with operating system (say DOS).
4. NVRAM: NVRAM stands for Non Volatile RAM. NVRAM stores the
initial or startup configuration file.
2. c

components:

off.
start-up configuration successfully. It is somewhat analogous the BIOS in PC.
ROM also contains a small portion of IOS.
3. a b c d (all of them)
Explanation : ROM (Read Only Memory): Memory containing micro-code

for basic functions to start and maintain the router. ROM is not typically used
after the IOS is loaded. RXBOOT is located here.
RAM/DRAM : Stores the running configuration, routing tables, and packet

buffers. Some routers, such as the 2500 series, run IOS from Flash, not RAM.
NVRAM (Non-Volatile Ram): Memory that does not lose information when
power is lost. Stores the systems configuration file and the configuration
register. NVRAM uses a battery to maintain the data when power is turned off.
Flash Memory: Stores the compressed IOS (IOS stands for Cisco
Internetwork Operating System) image. Flash memory is either EEPROM or
PCMCIA card. Flash memory enables you to copy multiple versions of IOS
software. This allows you to load a new lever of the operating system in every
router in your network and then, to upgrade the whole network to that version
at a convenient time.
4. b and d
Explanation : Both "copy star run" and "reload" will load Cisco router
configuration into RAM.
26.2 : Answer Keys for Objective Test 2
1. d
Explanation : Show version command displays the current version of the

Cisco IOS. In addition, this command displays the following important
information:
- How long the router has been up (length of time since boot-up).
- How the system was started (power on etc.)
- From where the system was loaded from ( booted via flash , or tftp etc.)
- The contents of configuration register.
2. c
Explanation : There are different types of cables:
1. Straight through cable: This is also known as patch cable. A straight

through cable is used to connect a computer to a hub or a switch.
2. Crossover cable: A crossover cable is used to connect one computer A to

the other computer B without using a switch or hub.
3. Rollover cable: A rollover (also known as console cable) is used to connect

to routers for configuration purpose.
Also, you cant connect the Ethernet port on PC to another Ethernet port on a
router using a straight through cable. You need crossover cable for this
purpose. Also, the PC need to have a network card, and appropriate networking
protocol stack properly installed and configured.
3. c and d
Explanation : The following are some important commands that can be used
to edit and review command history buffer. It will be useful to practice these
commands.
<ctrl> A : Move to the beginning of the command line
<ctrl> E : Move to the end of the command line
<ctrl> F : Move forward one character, same as using "Right Arrow".
<ctrl> B : Move backward one character, same as using "Left Arrow".
<ctrl> P : Repeat Previous command, same as using "Up Arrow".
<ctrl> N : Repeat Next (more recent) command, same as using "Down

Arrow".
<esc> B : Moves to beginning of previous word.

<esc> F : Moves to beginning of next word.
<ctrl>R : Creates new command prompt, followed by all the characters typed
at the last one.
4. c
Explanation : Router modes of operation:
1. User EXEC mode:- This is the LOWEST level of access. This allows
examination of router status, see routing tables, and do some diagnostics.
However, you cannot change the router configuration, view the configuration
files, or control the router in any way. The prompt in this mode is "Router>".
2. Privileged (enable) EXEC mode:- This mode allows you to have all the
privileges of EXEC (user) mode plus commands that enable you to view
configuration files, change the router configuration, perform troubleshooting
that could potentially disrupt traffic. The default prompt for this mode is
"Router#".
When you are working in the privileged mode (at # prompt), you can get back
to user mode by typing "disable" at the "#" prompt.
5. b
Explanation : Key word: COPY <source> <destination>
This command copies configuration information to specified location.
The following are some frequently used COPY commands:
COPY RUNNING-CONFIGURATION STARTUP-CONFIGURATION

(alternatively, you can use an older version of the command, WRITE
MEMORY): This command saves the current configuration to NVRAM.
Alternatively, we can issue the command using short form:
COPY RUNNING STARTUP - Copies configuration from RAM to NVRAM
COPY STARTUP RUNNING - This command merges configuration from

NVRAM to RAM.
COPY FLASH TFTP - Copies current IOS from router flash memory to
TFTP server.
COPY TFTP FLASH - Copies image file from TFTP server to flash. This is
used to upgrade the IOS image file to a newer version, or if your IOS image
becomes corrupt.

6. d

components:
off.
start-up configuration successfully. It is somewhat analogous the BIOS in PC.
ROM also contains a small portion of IOS.
7. b
Explanation : The first line Serial0/0 is down, line protocol is down says
that the Serial 0/0 is down. It usually means a hardware failure on the router
interface. Therefore, it is recommended to check Layer 1 (Physical layer)
parameters. If the Physical layer is okay, and if there is any problem with
protocol matching, you usually get the error Serial0/0 is up, line protocol is
down.
8. d
Explanation : 1. A straight-through cable is what you normally use to connect

a PC to a hub or switch
2. A crossover cable is a special type of Ethernet cable used to connect a PC to

a PC or a switch to a switch
3. A rolled cable isnt actually an Ethernet cable, but looks like one. It is used
to connect a PC to a switchs console port, for management. This cable is
normally used when configuring a Cisco switch or a router for the first time.


26.14: Answer keys for Objective Test 14
26.16 : Answer keys for Final Exam
27. ICONS USED IN THE MANUAL
1. Router-Layer 3 Device
2. Workgroup Switch-Layer 2 Device
3. PC/Workstation

4. Serial-Icon to represent a Layer 1 or 2 cable
5. Circuit-Switched Serial
6. Ethernet-Icon to represent Layer 1 or 2 Ethernet cable
7. Network Cloud
Disclaimer
CertExams.com is neither affiliated with Cisco Systems, Inc., Microsoft Corporation, Inc., CompTIA ,
Check Point Software Corp., Prosoft or any other company. All trademarks are trademarks of their
respective owners and duly acknowledged.

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LAB MANUAL FOR CCNA

1. Cisco Router Architecture

1.1 Block Diagram

2. Cisco Router (25xx series) and its interfaces

2.1 Interfaces Explained

3. Cisco 2610 Router

4. Introduction to Cisco IOS

4.1 Objective Test 1

5. Command Line Interface (CLI)

5.1 User Mode

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7.1 Lab Exercise 1 : Banner MOTD : Setting Message of the Day

8. Exercises on Routing Fundamentals

8.1 Lab Exercise 1 : Introduction to IP

9. Exercises on RIP/EIGRP Routing Scenarios

9.1 Lab Exercise 1 : RIP Routing Configuration Scenario

10. Exercises on OSPF

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11. Exercises on Access-Lists

11.1 Lab Exercise 1 : Creating a Standard Access List

12. Exercises on Network Address Translation

12.1 Lab Exercise 1 : NAT Scenario 1

13. Exercises on DHCP

13.1 Lab Exercise 1 : Configuring cisco router as a DHCP Server

14. Exercises on PPP and ISDN

14.1 Lab Exercise 1 : PPP Configuration

15. Exercises on Frame-Relay

15.1 Lab Exercise 1 : Configuring Frame-Relay without sub-interfaces

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16. Exercises on IPv6

16.1 Lab Exercise 1 : Enabling IPv6 on a cisco router

17. Exercises on IPv6 Routing Protocols

17.1 Lab Exercise 1 : Enabling RIPng on a cisco router interface

18. Exercises on BGP

18.1 Lab Exercise 1: Basic BGP Configuration

19. Exercises on Route Redistribution

19.1 Lab Exercise 1: Route Redistribution for RIP

20. Exercises on MPLS

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21. Cisco Switch Architecture

21.1 Cisco 2950 Switch

22. Cisco Switch IOS

22.1 Logging into the switch

23. Exercises on Spanning Tree Protocol

23.1 Lab Exercise 1 : Enabling STP

24. Exercises on Switch Configuration and VLAN

24.1 Lab Exercise 1 : Basic Switch IP Configuration

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25. Final Exam

25.1 Objective Test Final Exam

26.1 Answer Keys for Objective Test 1

27. Icons used in the Manual

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1.1. Block Diagram

1.2. Architectural Components of a Router

1.2.2 System Control Logic

System Bus: This allows communication with Ethernet/Token Ring controllers,

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Dual Universal Asynchronous Receiver-Transmitter (UART) provides the necessary

1.3 Memory Details of a Typical Cisco 25xx Series Routers

Flash memory is typically located on a processor board SIMM card. Flash is a

1.3.4 BOOT ROM

This refers to erasable programmable read-only memory (EPROM) and is used to

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