1. Find the smallest number in a G.P whose sum is 38 and product 1728.

a) 12 b) 20 c )8 d)none
a + ar + ar^2 = 38 and a(ar)(ar^2) = 1728
So we have two simultaneous equations in a and r. Simplifying them gives
a^3 r^3 = 1728
ar = cube root 1728 = 12. So set r = 12/a and put this into the first equation, we get
a + 12 + 144/a = 38; or a^2 - 26a + 144 = 0; so (a - 8) (a - 18) = 0
So we either have a=8, r=12/8 = 3/2 and the G.P. is 8, 12, 18; or a=18, r=12/18 = 2/3 and
the G.P. is 18, 12, 8. In either case the smallest term is 8.

2. If the average of three numbers is 135 and the difference between others is 25
then find the lowest number

avg of 3 numb is 135; (x + y + z) / 3 = 135; diff. b/w 2 values is 25 so x = y 25;

z = y + 25; [(y-25) + y + (y+25)]/3 = 135; [y-25+y+y+25] / 3 = 135; 3y/3=135

y=135; so x = 110 ; y = 135 ; z = 160; The lowest number is 110

3. The average salary of all the workers in a workshop is Rs.8000. The average
salary of 7 technicians is Rs.12000 and the average salary of the rest is Rs.6000. The total
number of workers in the workshop is a) 20 b)21 c)22 d)23
8000x=12000*7+6000(x-1)

4. A boy was asked to multiply a certain number by 53. He multiplied it by 35 and

got his answer less than the correct one by 1206. Find the number to be multiplied.
a) 37 b) 67 c) 87 d) 97 e) 107 53x=35x+1206

5. The weight of a body as calculated by the average of 7 different experiments is

53.735 g. The average of the first three experiments is 54.005 g, of the fourth is 0.004 g
greater than the fifth, while the average of the sixth and seventh experiment was 0.010 g
less than the average of the first three. Find the weight of the body obtained by the fourth
experiment.
a) 49.353 g b) 51.718 g c) 53.342 g d) 54.512 g
7*53.735=3*54.005+x+0.004+x+2*53.995

6. In a class of 52 students the number of boys is two less than the number of girls.
Average weight of the boys is 42 kg, while the average weight of all the 52 students is 40
kg. What is the approx. average weight of the girls? a) 38 kg b) 39 kg c) 40 kg d) 42 kg
52*40-25*42=1030/27
7. There are five boxes in a cargo hold. The weight of the first box is 200 kg and the
weight of the second box is 20% higher than the weight of the third box, whose weight is
25% higher than the first boxs weight. The fourth box at 350 kg is 30% lighter than the
fifth box. Find the difference in the average weight of the four heaviest boxes and the
four lightest boxes.
a) 80 kg b) 75 kg c) 37.5 kg d)116.8 kg
2001 20*2.5+250=3002 25*2+200=250 3 3504 350*100/70=5005
500+350+300+250=1400 200+250+300+350=1100 1400-1100=300

8. Average age of X number of adults in a class is 30yrs. If 12 new adults with

average age of 32 joined with them then the average age increases by one. Find X?
a) 15 b)12 c) 16 d) None of the above
30x+12*32=(x+12)31

9. The average age of 8 persons in a committee is increased by 2 years when two

men aged 35 years and 45 years are substituted by two women. The average age of these
two women is:
a) 45 b) 48 c) 50 d) None of the above 8x-80+2y=8(x+2)

10. Average age of a class of 40 girls is reduced by 1 year when 10 girls, whose average
age is 20 years, are discharged and 10 new girls are admitted find the average age of
new comers?
a)20 b)15 c)16 d)None of the above 40x-20*10+10y=40(x-1)

11. When a student weighing 45 kgs left a class, the average weight of the remaining 59
students increased by 200g. What is the average weight of the remaining 59 students?
a) 32 b) 34 c) 56 d)57 60x-45=59(x+0.2)

12. 3 friends A, B, C went for week end party to McDonald's restaurant and there they
measure there weights in some order in 7 rounds. A, B, C, AB, BC, AC, ABC. Final
round measure is 155 kg, then find the average weight of all the 7 rounds?
a) 88. 34 b) 88.56 c) 88.24 d) None of the above 4*(A+B+C)/7 4*144/7=88.56

13. In an examination series, which consists of 5 exams, Arvind scored an average of 60

marks in the first 3 exams and an average of 70 in the last 4 exams, what is the average
score of Arvind for the first and last two exams if his average scores of all the five
exams are 65?
a) 65.22 b) 63.33 c) 60.15 d) None of the above

a+b+c+d+e=325 a+b+c=180 b+c+d+e=280 a=45 d+e=325-180=145 145+45=190/3

14. Consider the sequence 1,-2,3,-4,5,-6...... What is the average of the first 200 terms of
sequence? a) -0.5 b) -1 c) 0 d) 0.5 n^2-n(n+1)= 100^2-100*101 10000-10100=-
100/200=-0.5
15. The Mean of three numbers is 10 more than the least number and 15 less than the
highest. Their median is 5. Find the sum of the three numbers. a) 10 b) 20 c)30 d)40
Median is when the given numbers are arranged in ascending order, the middle one. Let
the numbers are x, 5, y where x is the least and y is greatest. Given that
(x+5+y)/3=x+10
x+5+y=3x+30; y-2x=25; and (x+5+y)/3=y15; x+5+y=3y-45; 2y-x=50;
Solving we get x = 0 and y = 25.
So sum of the numbers = 0 + 5 + 25 = 30 Three math classes: X, Y, and Z, take an
algebra test.

16. The average score in class X is 83. The average score in class Y is 76. The average
score in class Z is 85. The average score of all students in classes X and Y together is
79. The average score of all students in classes Y and Z together is 81. What is the
average for all the three classes? a) 81.5 b) 83.3 c) 85.3 d) None of the above

17. In a shopping mall with staff of 5 members the average age is 45 years. After 5 years a
person joined them and the average age is again 45 years. What is the age of 6th
person?
a) 22 b)32 c) 42 d)20 45*6 - 50*5= 270-250=20

18. Out of 9 person, 8 person spent RS.30 each for their meals. The 9th one spent Rs.20
more than the average expenditure of all the nine. The total money spent by all of them
was:
a) Rs.260 b) Rs.290 c) Rs.292.50 d) Rs.400.50
x=[(240+x)/9]+20

19. The temperature during first day of a week is 37 degree Celsius and that of during last
day is 32 degree Celsius. If the temperature of these two days are excluded, the average
temperature of the remaining days is 2 degree Celsius lesser than the average
temperature of the week. What is the average temperature of the week (in degree
Celsius)? a) 29.5 b) 32.3 c) 42 d) None
7x-69= 5(X-2); 2x=59

20. In a class of 50 students, the average age of girl is 12.3yrs and that of the boy is
12.5yrs. if the average age of the class is 12.42yrs then the no of boys and girls
respectively in
a) (25,25) b) (20,30) c) (30,20) d) (35,15) 12.5x+12.3(50-x)=50*12.42

21. In a test call ACSET the average marks of of 15 test taker is 240. If the marks of 5 test
takers are subtracted. The average marks decrease by 40. What are the average marks of
5 test takers?
a) 1600 b) 320 c) 200 d) 40 15*240-10*200=1600/5=320
 22. Sachin has certain average for 9 innings. In the tenth innings he scores 100 thereby
increasing his average by 8 runs..thus the new average is a. 3 b. 8 c. 4 d. None
9x+100=10(x+8)

23. The average set of numbers is 46, if 4 numbers whose average is 52 are subtracted from
this set,the average becomes 44.5.find the original number in the set
a) 21 b)27 c)32 d)20 46x-4*52/(x-4)=44.5

24. In IPL season, sachin current batting average is 51.In finals he scores 78 runs, then is
batting average will be 54.find out the total number of matches played by sachin in this
season.
a)6 b)8 c)9 d)10 54x=51(x-1)+78

25. A person went to a shop and asked for change for 1.15 paise. But he said that he could
not only give change for one rupee. But also for 50p, 25p, 10p and 5p. What were the
coins he had? (Crack me)
50p-1, 25p-2, 10p-1, 5p-1

26. The average mark in science subject of a class of 20 students is 68. If the marks of two
students were misread as 48 and 65 of the actual marks 72 and 61 respectively then
what would be the correct average? a) 56 b)89 c)79 d)69 20s=68 133-
113=20/20=1+68=69

27. The sum of five consecutive even numbers of Set A is equal to 220. What is the sum of
a different set of five consecutive numbers whose second lowest number is 37 less than
double of the lowest number of Set A? a)228 b)223 c)220 d)None of the above
40 42 44 46 48
42 43 44 45 46

Work book:

1. Out of three numbers, the first is twice the second and three times the third. The average
of the three numbers is 88. The smallest number is
(n+n/2+n/3)/3=88; (6n+3n+2n)=88*3*6; 11n=88*3*6; n=8*3*6; smallest no:
8*3*6/3=48

2. The average age of a group of men is increased by 5 years when a person aged 18 years is
replaced by a new person of age 38 years. How many men are there in the group?
x+5=(nx-18+38)/n; nx+5n=nx+20; 5n=20;n=4

3. The average age of a group of men is increased by 5 years when a person aged 18 years is
replaced by a new person of age 38 years. How many men are there in the group?
X+5=(nx-18+38)/n; nx+5n=nx+20; n=4
 4. The average of five consecutive odd numbers A,B,C,D and E is 55. What is the product
of B and D? 51 53 55 57 59 53*57=3021

5. The average number of handicraft made by 5 women in a day is 28. If their supervisor
also joins them the average number of handicrafts made a day increased by one. How
many handicrafts do the supervisor made? 528; 6 29; Average=34

6. The average age of all the 100 employees in an office is 29 years where 2/5 employees
are ladies and the ratio of average age of men to women is 5:7. The average age of female
employees is
40*7x+60 *5x=100*29; 280x+300x=100*29; 580x=100*29;x=5; Average age=35

7. In a MAT, 123 students appeared and the average score obtained were 120 but later, it
was found that the top three students were repeated , so their score has been eliminated
and then the new average score was found to be decreased by 1.5. Also it is known that
all the students obtained the marks in integers and the scores of the toppers were distinct.
If the second highest topper has scored more than 185 marks, then the highest possible
score of the third highest topper is
123*120-123*118.5=540/3=180; 540-187+186=167

8. A car owner buys petrol at Rs.7.50, Rs. 8 and Rs. 8.50 per litre for three successive years.
What approximately is the average cost per litre of petrol if he spends Rs. 4000 each
year?
Total quantity of petrol
consumed in 3 years
4000 4000 4000
= + + litres
7.50 8 8.50

=
4 li
=0 76700+ litres+ tr
0 51 es
0 2 1 2
15 8 17
Total amount spent = Rs. (3 x 4000) = Rs.
12000.
Ave 12000 x = Rs. 6120 = Rs.
rage 51 7.98
cost =
Rs.

76700 767
 9. If the average of 4 different integers is 75, of the largest integer is 90, what is the least
possible value of the smallest integer? 4*75=300-90=210-(89+88)=33

10. If mini download three more songs in her mobile. she will have songs with 512MB in her
mobile.If on an average each song is 4 MB,how many songs did she initially have in her
phone before downloading? 512/4=128-3=125

11. A student finds the average of 10 positive integers. Each integer contains two digits. By
mistake, the student interchanges the digits of one number say ba for ab. Due to this, the
average becomes 1.8 less than the previous one. What is the difference between the two
digits a and b?

Say, sum of the 9 correct numbers is S

So, (S + (10a + b))/10 - (S + (10b + a))/10 = 1.8
=> 9a - 9b = 18
=> a - b = 2.

1. Figure shows an equilateral triangle of side of length 5 which is divided into several unit
triangles. A valid path is a path from the triangle in the top row to the middle triangle in the
bottom row such that the adjacent triangles in our path share a common edge and the path never
travels up (from a lower row to a higher row) or revisits a triangle. An example is given below.
How many such valid paths are there? a) 120 b) 16 c) 23 d) 24

We shall show that f(n) = (n 1)!.

Label the horizontal line segments in the triangle l1, l2 , . . . as in the diagram below.
Since the path goes from the top triangle to a triangle in the bottom row and ever travels up,
the path must cross each of l1, l2, . . , ln1 exactly once. The diagonal lines in the triangle
divide lk into k unit line segments and the path must cross exactly one of these k segments
for each k. (In the diagram below, these line segments have been highlighted.) The path is
completely determined by the set of n 1 line segments which are crossed. So as the path
moves from the kth row to the (k + 1)st row, there are k possible line segments where the
path could cross lk. Since there are 1 2 3 (n 1) = (n 1)! ways that the path could
cross the n 1 horizontal lines, and each one corresponds to a unique path, we get f(n) = (n
1)!.
2. How many 7 digit numbers are there that they have no repeating digit & not include digit 3 &
9?
a. 35280 b. 30000 c. 24000 d. None of the above
7*7*6*5*4*3*2

3. How many numbers are there between 100 and 1000 such that at least one of their digits is 6?
A. 242 B. 252 C. 163 D. None of the above
numbers between 100 and 1000 = 900
numbers between 100 and 1000 which do not have digit 6 in any place = 8 x 9 x 9 = 648
Unit digit could take any value of the 9 values (0 to 9, except 6)
Tens Digit could take any value of the 9 values (0 to 9, except 6)
Hundreds digit could take any value of the 8 values (1 to 9, except 6)
therefore
numbers between 100 and 1000 which have atleast one digit as 6 = 900 - 648 = 252

4. How many different 9 digit numbers can be formed from the number 223355888 by re-
arranging its digits so that the odd digits occupy even position?
a) 65 b)60 c)50 d)62
Odd places are 4 and these are occupied by 3355. So this can be done in 4!/ (2! 2!) = 6
There are 5 even numbers which have to be placed at 5 odd places. So 5!/(2!3!) = 10 ways
so total number of ways of arranging all these numbers are 10 * 6 = 60 ways

5. In how many different ways can the letters of the word "LEADING" be arranged in such a
way that the vowels always come together. 5! x 3! = 720
a. 360 b. 720 c. 480 d. 5040

6. The letters in the word ADOPTS are permuted in all possible ways and arranged in
alphabetical order then find the word at position 42 in the permuted alphabetical order?
a) AOTDSP b) AOTPDS c) AOTDPS d) AOSTPD
In alphabetical order : A D O P S T
A _ _ _ _ _ : the places filled in 5! ways = 120, But we need a rank less than 120. So the
word starts with A.
A D _ _ _ _ : empty places can be filled in 4!=24
A O _ _ _ _ : the places filled with 4! ways = 24. If we add 24 + 24 this total crosses 42. So
We should not consider all the words starting with AO.
A O D _ _ _ : 3!= 6
A O P _ _ _ : 3!=6
Till this 36 words are obtained, we need the 42nd word.
AOS _ _ _ : 3!= 6
 Exactly we are getting the sum 42. So last 3 letters in the descending order are TPD.
So given word is AOSTPD

7. 36 identical chairs must be arranged in rows with the same number of chairs in each row.
Each row must contain at least three chairs and there must be at least three rows. The row is
parallel to the front of the room. How many different arrangements are possible? Pick one of
the choices a) 2 b) 4 c) 5 d)6 e) 10
(3,12),(4,9),(6,6)(9,4),(12,3)
no of diff. arrangement=5
8. 4 Women & 6 men have to be seated in a row given that no two women can sit together. How
many different arrangements are there?
a)6P6x7P4 b)6P6x7! c) 6!x7P4 d) None of the above
Sol : Let us first sit all the 6 men in 6 positions in 6! Ways. Now there are 7 gaps between
them in which 4 women can sit in 7P4 ways. So total ways are 6! x 7P4

9. Find the total number of combinations of 5 letters a,b,a,b,b taking some or all at a time? a) 11
b)9 c)15 d)5
Ans: 1 letter can be chosen in 2 ways. a or b
2 letters can be chosen in 3 way. aa, ab, bb
3 letters can be chosen in 3 ways. bbb, aab, bba
4 letters can be chosen in 2 ways. aabb, bbba
5 letters can be chosen in 1 way. So total ways are 11

10. 1, 2 , 3, 4 digits are available. How many number of 4 digited numbers which are divisible by
4. (There should be no repetition of digits in the numbers) can be formed?
number is divisible by 4 if last two digit of no. is divisible by 4
so last two digit should be 12,24,32
last two digit can be filled in 3 ways,so remaining two places can be filled in 2! Ways

11. What is the sum of all the 4 digit numbers that can be formed using all of the digits
2, 3, 5 and 7? a. 1200 b.3!*1111*17 c. 3!*1111*18 d. None
Ans: use formula (n-1)! x (111..n times) x (Sum of the digits)
here n is number of different letters
number of 4 digit numbers which are divisible by 4 = 3*2!=6

12. If A, B, C are having some marbles with each of them. A has given B and C the same number
of marbles each of them already have. Then, B gave C and A the same number of marbles
they already have. Then C gave A and B the same number of marbles they already have. At
the end A, B, and C have equal number of marbles. If x,y,z are the marbles initially with
A,B,C respectively. Then the number of marbles B have at the end
(a) 2(x-y-z) (b) 4(x-y-z) (c) 2(3y-x-z) (d) (x+y-z)
Let they have x, y and z respectively.
x-y-z , 2y, 2z [1st transaction]
2(x-y-z), 2y-(x-y-z)-(2z), 4z [2nd transaction]
2(x-y-z), 3y-x-z, 4z [2nd transaction]
 4(x-y-z), 2(3y-x-z), 4z-(2x-2y-2z)- (3y-x-z) [3rd transaction]
4(x-y-z), 2(3y-x-z), 7z-x-y [3rd transaction]
B has 2(3y-x-z) at the end of the transaction

13. A father of 6 children takes 2 of his children at a time to a circus as often as he can, without
taking the same pair of children together more than once. How many times does the father go
to the circus? a. 12 b. 15 c. 13 d. None of the above
suppose the children are A B C D E F
then AB AC AD AE AF (5 times for A)
then BC BD BE BF (4 times for B)
SIMILARLY 3 times for C, 2 for D, 1 for E,0 for F so 5+4+3+2+1+0=15

14. In how many ways can we distribute 10 pencils to 4 children so each child gets at least one
pencil? a) 10C4 b) 10C3 c) 9C3 d) 9C4
Number of ways of distributing r identical objects to n distinct objects so that each get atleast
one = (n1)C(r1) = (101)C(41)=9C3

15. There are 4 different letters and 4 addressed envelopes. In how many ways can the letters be
put in the envelopes so that at least one letter goes to the correct address?
a)15 b)16 c)18 d)12

16. How many ways can 10 letters be posted in 5 post boxes, if each of the post boxes can take
more than 10 letters? a. 25 b. 50 c. 5^10 d. None of the above
1t letter can be posted by 5 ways
simlarly second can be posted by 5 ways
..so 5^10
Ans: 50

17. If there are two kinds of hats, viz, red and blue and at least 6 of each kind, in how many ways
can the hats be put each of 6 different boxes? a. 12 b. 32 c. 64 d. 128 Ans: 26

18. A question paper 10 questions with True and False. No candidate wrote the answers in an
identical sequence. How many different set of answers are possible? a. 512 b.1024 c. 2048 d.
20
Ans:210

19. From the 5 multiple choices, one is correct what is the total number of ways a candidate will
not get all the four answers correct? a. 20 b. 520 c. 624 d. None of the above 54-1

20. There are 18 identical balls in white and 16 black identical balls. How many ways can be
arranged so that no black balls together? a.19c16 b.18c6 c. 17c5 d. None of the above
21. A father with 7 children takes 3 at a time to the cinema. He goes with every group of 3 that
he can form. How many times can he go to the cinema with distinct group of 3 children and
how many times with an individual child (before a group is repeated)
a. 7c2, 6c2 b. 7c3, 6c2 c. 7c3, 5c2 d. None of the above

22. How many different sum can be formed with the following coins Rs.500, Rs.100, Rs, 50,
Rs.10, Rs,
5, Rs.1? a.64 b. 62 c. 63 d. None of the above 26-1

23. A train is going from Chennai to Erode and makes 5 stops on the way. 4 persons enter the
train during the journey with 4 different tickets. How many different sets of tickets may they
have had?
a. 5c4 b. 15c4 c..5c3 d. None of the above
Begin to last 5; Second to last 4; Fourth to last-1; 5+4+3+2+1=15

24. From the figure given below, how many ways 8 identical balls can be placed in the small
triangle
1,2, 3 and 4. a. 40 b. 32 c. 35 d. 45

First 5,1,1,1 41/3!=4; Second 4,2,1,1 4!/2!=12; Third

3,3,1,1 4!/2!2!=6 Fourth 3,2,2,1 4!/21=12 Fifth 2,2,2,2 4!/4!=1
Total 4+12+6+12+1=35

25. Six equidistant vertical lines and six equidistant horizontal lines are drawn on a board,
cutting the six vertical lines and the distance between any two consecutive horizontal lines is
equal to that between any two consecutive vertical lines. What is the maximum no of
squares?
a. 16 b. 25 c. 91 d. None
12+22+32+42+52+62= 1+4+9+25+36=91
26. There are 16 squares. How many ways 16 identical balls are to be placed such that they dont
lie along the same straight line? a. 560 b. 540 c. 520 d. None of the above
16
c3=560; Same line 4*4c3 4*4=16 + diagonal 4=20 560-20=540

27. How many batting orders are possible for the Indian Cricket Team if there is a squad of 15 to
choose from such that Sachin is always chosen? a. 11c10 b. 14c10*11! c. 13c10 *11! d. None

Part -II
1. There are 25 points on a plane of which 7 are collinear. How many different lines and
Quadrilaterals are formed? a. 280, 11895 b. 240, 12000 c. 123, 10000 d. None of the above
25
c2-7c2+1; 25c4-7c4-7c3-*18c1

2. In how many ways 12 papers can be arranged if the best and the worst paper never come
together? a. 12!-(2*11!) b. 12!-2! c.12!-(2*10! ) d. None of the above n!*(2(n-1)!

3. In how many ways a team of 11 must be selected from 5 men and 11 women such that the
team must comprise of not more than 3 men? a. 1565 b. 1243 c. 2256 d. 2456
 : Maximum 3 men can be played which means there can be 0, 1, 2, 3 men in the team.
(5C011C11)+(5C111C10)+(5C211C9)+(5C311C8)=2256

4. For a scholarship, at the most n candidate out of 2n+1 can be selected. if the no of different
ways of selection of at least one candidate is 63, the maximum no of candidates that can be
selected for the scholarship is a. 5 b. 3 c. 4 d. None
7
c3+7c2+7c1= 35+21+7=63
5. From 11 symmetric letters A,H,I,M,O,T,U,V,W,X and Z, how many 3 letter password can be
formed (no repetition allowed) with at least one symmetric letter? a. 20 b. 130 c. 140 d.
12870
one sym+2 asym; Two sym+one asym; Three sym+ zero asym
11
c1*15c2*3! +11c2*15c1*3!+ 11c3*3!

6. In how many ways is it possible to choose a white square and a black square on a chess board
so that the squares must not lie in the same rows or columns? a. 32*24 b. 31*24 c. 32*23 d.
None
From 32 white squares, one is selected, 8 black sequences are to be cancelled.

7. In the competition, 45 matches are played. Every match is played by two players. Find out
total no of rounds in the competition? a. 12 b. 15 c. 10 d. None
n
c2=45

8. In a class tournament, there were two women participating and every participant played two
games with the other participants. The number of games that the men played among
themselves exceeded the no of games that the men played with the women by 66. Find out
total no of participants and total no of games played? a. 11,140 b. 13,156 c.12,156 d. 14, 140
in case 12 participants then 10 men and 2 women 2*10c2=90 Total 2*10c1*2c1=40 then 50
in case 13 participants then 11 men and 2 women 2*11c2=110 Total 2*11c1*2c1=44 then 66
2*13c2

9. A mixed doubles tennis game is to be played between two teams (one M + one F). There are
four married couples. No team is to consist of a husband and his wife. What is the maximum
no of games that can be played? a. 40 b. 42 c. 21 d. None of the above.
Select two men which can be done in 4c2 ways. Let us say the men are A,B,C and C and their
wife are a,b,c and d. if A selects b then B selects a,c,d 4c2*1*3c1=18 ways
if c or d to A then a,b to B 4C2*2C1*2C1 = 6*2*2=24 Then 24+18=42

10. In a class with boys and girls, a chess competition was played wherein every student had to
play 1 game with every other student. It was observed that in 36 matches both the players
were boys and in 66 matches both were girls. What is the number of matches in which 1 boy
and 1 girl play against each other? a. 108 b. 189 c. 210 d. 54
B
C3=36; B=9; DC2=66; D=12; Total 21; 21c2=210-(33+66)=108

11. In how many ways a selection can be made at least one fruit out of 5 bananas, 4 mangoes and
4 almonds? a. 150 b. 149 c. 147 d. 151
6*5*5-1
12. A manufacturer of chocolates makes 6 different flavors of chocolates. The chocolates are
sold in boxes of 10. How many different boxes of chocolates can be made?
a) 3004 b) 3003 c) 5235 d) 4045
Sol:If n similar articles are to be distributed to r persons, x1+x2+x3......xr=n each person
is eligible to take any number of articles then the total ways are n+r1Cr1
In this case x1+x2+x3......x6=10
in such a case the formula for non negative integral solutions is n+r1Cr1
Here n =6 and r=10. So total ways are 10+61C61 = 3003

13. From a set of three capital consonants, five small consonants and 4 small vowels, how many
words can be made each starting with a capital consonants and containing 3 small consonants
and 2 small vowels? a. 3c1*5c3*4c2*5! b. 3c1*5c3*4c1*5! c. 3c1*5c2*4c2*5! d. None

14. In how many ways is it possible to make a selection by taking any number of 15 fruits,
namely 3 oranges, 5 apples and 7 mangoes? a. 120 b. 191 c. 130 d. None
(3+1)(5+1)(7+1)=191

15. An organization has three committees. Only two persons are members of all three
committees, but every pair of committees has three members in common. What is the
LEAST possible number of the members on any one committee? a.4 b. 6 c. 7 d. 5
2 person will b common +1 person common in b/w 2 committee=4

16. Find the no of ways in which 12 mangoes may be equally divided or distributed among 3
boys?
a. 23450 b. 34650 c. 13000 d. None of the above 12!/(4!)3

17. Five balls of different colors are to be placed in 3 boxes of different sizes. Each box can hold
all the five balls. In how many ways can we place the balls so that no box remains empty?
a. 150 b. 130 c. 200 d. 230
B1 1 1 1 2 2
B2 1 2 3 1 2
B3 3 2 1 2 1
5!/3!=20; 5!/2!2!=30 5!/3!=20 5!/2!2!=30 5!/2!2!=30
20+30+20+30+30=130

18. Find the no of ways of distributing 7 identical balls into three boxes. a. 21 b. 20 c. 15 d.
None
7-1
c3-1 = 6c2 =15

19. In how many ways can a pack of 52 cards be divided equally among four players in order?
i) 53!/(13!*4!) ii) 52!/(12!*4!) iii) 52!/(12!*3!) iv) 52!/(13!*4!)

20. In how many ways can a pack of 52 cards be divided equally into four groups?
a. 52C13 * 39C13*26C13*13C13 b. 52!/(12!*3!) c. 52c16*36c16*20c16*4c4 * 1/3!
21. In how many ways 52 cards can be divided into 4 sets, three of them having 16 card each and
the fourth just 4 cards.
I) 52c16*36c16*20c16*4c4 * 1/3! II) 52c16*51c15*50c14*4c4 * 1/4! III) 52c16*26c16*20c16*4c4 * 1/3!

PROBLEMS ON PROBABILITY

1. 3 dice are rolled. What is the probability that you will get the sum of the nos as 10?
a) 27/216 b)25/216 c)10/216 d)1/11
Three dices so that total throws = 6*6*6 =216
D1 D2 D3
63 1 3! =6
62 2 3!/2!=3
54 1 3!=6
53 2 3!=6
44 2 3!/2!=3
43 3 3!/2!=3
6+3+6+6+3+3=27 then 27/216

2. A quiz has one mcq question with a, b and c as options and two questions with true/false
answers. What is the probability of giving all 3 answers correct? a) 1/14 b?1/16 c)1/12
probability of getting mcq answer correct = 1/3
probability of getting one true/false answer correct = 1/2
probability of getting all 3 answers correct = 1/3 * 1/2 *1/2=1/12

3. From a collection of 12 bulbs of which 6 are defective 3 bulbs are chosen at random for
three sockets in a room. Find the probability that the room is lighted if one bulb is
sufficient to light the room. a) 9/11 b) 10/11 c) 13/11 d) None of the above
1-(6C3/12C3) = 10/11

4. There are two boxes. One containing 32 red balls and other containing 31green balls. You
are allowed to move the balls between the boxes so that when you choose a box at random
and a ball at random from the chosen box, the probability of getting a red ball is
maximized. The maximum probability is a) 0.25 b) 0.51 c) 0.75 d) 0.50
Move 31 balls from red ball box to other box having 31 green balls.
now one box has one red ball and other box is having 31 red balls and 31 green balls.
then prob of getting red ball = 1/2 (1+31/62) = 1/2 *3/2 =3/4

5. A drawer has 4 red hats and 4 blue hats. Find the probability of getting exactly 3 blue hats
when taking out 4 hats randomly out of the drawer and immediately returning every hat to
the drawer before taking out the next? a) b) 1/5 c) d) 1/3
possible outcomes=(RRRR)(RRRB)(RRBR)(RBRR)(BRRR)(BBBR)(BBRB)(BRBB)
(RBBB)(RRBB)(BBRR)(RBBR)(BRRB)(RBRB)(BRBR)(BBBB)
 so toatl 16 and we want exactly 3 blue hats
so 4/16=1/4 ans.

6. Paul the octopus who has been forecasting the outcome of FIFA world cup matches with
tremendous accuracy has now been invited to predict ICC world cup matches in 2011. We
will assume that the world cup contenders have been divided into 2 groups of 9 teams each.
Each team in a group plays the other teams in the group. The top two teams from each
group enter the semifinals (after which the winner is decided by knockout).
However, Paul has a soft spot for India and when India plays any team, Paul always backs
India. Alas, his predictions on matches involving India are right only 2 out of 3 times. In
order to qualify for the semi finals, it is sufficient for India to win 7 of its group matches.
What is the probability that India will win the ICC world cup?
a) (2/3)^10 b) (2/3)^9 + 8/3 * (2/3)^9 c) 8/3 * (2/3)^9 d) (2/3)^10 + 8/3*(2/3)^9
Here winning prob is 2/3 ,so loosing prob is 1/3.
If India win all 10 matches then probability is (2/3)^10
If India lose any one match out of any 8 league matches then probability of winning 7
league matches is (2/3)^7. And for one loose match probability is (1/3).
so these two is also arrange in 8 possible cases, which is arranged as 8{(2/3)^9 * (1/3)}.
Hence total probability is (2/3)^10 + 8/3 * (2/3)^9

7. Winning probability of three horses out of 18 horses are given i.e.1/8,1/6,1/7. What is the
probability one of the horses will win? a) 1/8 b) 2/8 c) d) 3/8
p(winning)=1-P(all three losses the match) 1-7/8*5/6*6/7=3/8 ans p(win)=3/8

8. 5 set tennis match (player who wins 3 set win the match. rams probability of winning set is
2/3.what is probability that ram win the match? a) 192/243 b) 191/243 c) 192/242 d)
191/234

For Ram to win a match he has to win minimum 3 sets.....So minimum 3 sets will be played
Case 1---->The match is completed in 3 sets only i.e. Ram wins first 3 sets.
So,W W W case
probability=2/3 * 2/3 * 2/3 = 8/27-----1
Case 2------> The match is completed in 4 sets i.e Ram wins 3 sets from 4 sets played and
losses 1 set ...This can be done in 3 ways....
WWLW
WLWW
LWWW
probability in one such cases=2/3 * 2/3 *2/3 * 1/3= 8/81
So, probability in 3 cases = 3 * 8/81 = 24/81-------->2
Case 3----->Now all 5 sets are played....Ram wins 3 sets and losses 2 sets...This can be
done following 6 cases..
WWLLW
WLWLW
WLLWW
LWWLW
 LWLWW
LLWWW
probability in one such case = 2/3 * 2/3 * 2/3 * 1/3 * 1/3 = 8/243
so, probability in 6 cases = 6 *8/243 =48/243--------->3
Sp, final probability=1+2+3
= 8/27 + 24/81 + 48/243
= 192/243----Ans

9. A toy train produces at least 10 different tunes when it moves around a circular toy track of
radius 5 meters, at 10 meters per minute. However, the toy train is defective and it now
produces only two different tunes at random. What is the probability that the toy train
produces 3 music tunes of the same type (1 in _____ ) ? a) b) c) 1/8 d) 1/12

the answer seems like 1/8... but it actually is 1/4...

the probability for the first time is 1 as any song can come
probability for second time is 1/2, as first song must repeat...
so, net probability = (1 * (1/2) * (1/2)) =

10. 4 men throw a die each simultaneously. Find the probability that at least 2 people get the
same number. a) 23/124 b) 13/18 c) 15/29 d) None of the above

13/18 as 1-(probability of not getting same no.)=1-((6*5*4*3)/(6*6*6*6))

The first person rolls a die, and gets a number.
The second person has a 5/6 chance of rolling a different number.
The third person has a 4/6 chance of rolling a number different from those two.
The fourth person has a 3/6 chance of rolling a number different from all three.
The odds that no two will roll the same number is 5/6*4/6*3/6 = 5/18 = .2777...
That's the odds that no two will roll the same number, so the odds that two (or more) of
them will roll the same number is 1-5/18 = 13/18 = .7222...

11. The bacteria have the probability of split into 3 and probability to die is 1/3rd of the total
bacteria. Let the probability is P. Some of them survived with probability 1/5.Then which
among the following relation is true? a)P=1/3+1/5*3 b)P=1/5*(1/8-3)
Here prob for dying = 1/3
hence prob of survival = 1/5
if they survive, they will be splited into 3 more bacteria
hence, p = (1/3) + (3* 1/5)

12. A and B throws dice. what is the probability that A's throws is not greater than B's throws?
a) 8/12 b) 1/3 c) d) 7/12
(2,1)
(3,2) (3,1)
(4,3) (4,2) (4,1)
(5,4) (5,3) (5,2) (5,1)
(6,5) (6,4), (6,3) (6,2), (6,1)
So in total, there are 15 possible outcomes in which the throw could exceed.
 So in the probability in which A's throw can exceed is
15/36 or 5/12
Probability of failure = 1-p
= 1-15/36 = 21/36 = 7/12
probability that A's throws is not greater than B's throws=7/12(ans)

13. 3 cars A, B & C are in the race. A is twice as likely to win as B and B is thrice as likely to
win as C. what is probability that B will win, if only one can win the race ? a) 1/2 b) 2/5 c)
3/10 d) 1/10
LET C=X;B=3X;A=6X;THEN B'S PROBABILITY= 3X/(X+3X+6X)
B'S = 3/10

14. In his wardrobe, Pawan has 3 trousers. One of them is black, the other is blue, and the third
is brown. In the wardrobe, he also has 4 shirts. One of them is black and the other 3 are
white. He opens his wardrobe in the dark and picks out one shirt and trouser pair without
examining their color. What is the likelihood that neither the shirt nor the trouser is black?
a) 112 b) 16 c) 14 d) 12
total 3 trousers in that, no of black trousers =1
total shirts=4, no of black shirts=1
therefore, possibility of picking trouser is black= 1/3
probability of chosen shirt is not black=1-1/3=2/3
possibility of picking shirt is black=1/4
possibility of picking shirt is not black=1-1/4=3/4
neither of them is black is =(2/3)*(3/4)=1/2

15. There are two bags. One bag contains 4 white and 2 black balls. Second bad contains 5
white and 4 black balls. 2 balls are transferred from first bag to second bag. Then one ball
is taken from the second bag. The probability that the ball is white is?
a) 42165 b) 5165 c) 48165 d) 1933
(prob of trans 2 white ball and prob of taking 1 white ball from 2nd bag) 0r
(prob of trans 2 black ball and prob of taking 1 white ball from 2nd bag) or
(prob of trans 1 white ball & 1 black ball and prob of taking 1 white ball from 2nd bag)
==> ((4c2 * 7c1) + (2c2 * 5c1) + (4C1 * 2c1 * 6c1)) / (6c2 * 11c1)
= 19/33

16. A question has 7 options. If he chooses correct answer he can get one mark. If he chooses
wrong option he loses one mark. If he chooses randomly he gets zero marks. Any way he
identifies 2 options and eliminates them. If he chooses randomly how many marks can he
gain? a) 1/15 b) 2/15 c) 1/13 d) None of the above
probability to choose correct option=1/7 and associated marks is 1;
probability to choose incorrect option=6/7 and associated marks is x(let);
total marks={(1/7)*1}+{(6/7)*x}=0, i.e. x=-1/6;
now 2 options are eliminated,
so,now,
{(1/5)*1}+{(4/5)*(-1/6)}=1/15;
ans is 1/15.
 17. Out of 800 families with 4 children each, how many families would you expect to have 2
boys and 2 girls in each family? a) 500 b) 400 c)100 d)200 e)300
{(BBBB), (GGGG), (BGGG), (GBGG), (GGBG), (GGGB), (BBGG), (BGBG), (BGGB),
(GBGB), (GBBG), (GGBB), (BBBG), (BBGB), (BGBB), (GBBB)}
B - stands for Boy and G - stands for girl
a) For a family to have two boys and two girls it is: {(BBGG), (BGBG), (BGGB),
(GBGB), (GBBG), (GGBB)} = 6 elements
Its probability = 6/16 = 3/8 = 0.375
Hence, the probability for 800 families = (0.375) x(800) = 300
b) A family to have atleast one boy = 1 - P(All girls) = 1 - 1/16 = 15/16 = 0.9375
Hence, the probability for 800 families = (0.9375) x (800) = 750
c) Probability of children of both sexes = 1 - {P(all boys) + P(all girls)}
= 1 - 1/8 = 7/8 = 0.875
Hence, the probability for 800 families = (0.875) x(800) = 700

Bayes Theorem
P(Ai|B) = P(B|Ai) P(Ai)/[ P(B|A1)P(A1) + P(B|A2)P(A2) + + P(B|An)P(An)]

18. At a certain university, 4% of men are over 6 feet tall and 1% of women are over 6 feet tall.
The total student population is divided in the ratio 3:2 in favour of women. If a student is
selected at random from among all those over six feet tall, what is the probability that the
student is a woman? a)11 b) 3/11 c) 4/11 d) 6/11

19. A factory production line is manufacturing bolts using three machines, A, B and C. Of the
total output, machine A is responsible for 25%, machine B for 35% and machine C for the
rest. It is known from previous experience with the machines that 5% of the output from
machine A is defective, 4% from machine B and 2% from machine C. A bolt is chosen at
random from the production line and found to be defective. What is the probability that it
came from (a) machine A (b) machine B (c) machine C? a) 0.235 b) 0.232 c) 0.435 d)
0.555

20. I forgot the last digit of a 7-digit telephone number. If 1 randomly dial the final 3 digits
after
correctly dialing the first four, then what is the chance of dialing the correct number?
a) 1/100 b) 1/1000 c) 1/10
Work book:

1. Thangam and Pandiyamma go for an interview for two vacancies. The probability for the
selection of Thangam is 1/3 and whereas the probability for the selection of Pandiyamma is
1/5. What is the probability that none of them are selected?
A. 3/5 B. 7/12C. 8/15 D. 1/5
Probability of thangam being selected= 1/3 and him not being selected = 1-1/3=2/3
Probability of pandiyamma being selected=1/5 and him not being selected= 1-1/5=4/5
Probability that both are not selected = 2/3*4/5=8/15
2. There are 6 red balls,8 blue balls and 7 green balls in a bag. If 5 are drawn with
replacement. What is the probability at least three are red!
case 1 : 3 red balls : 6x6x6x15x15;case 2 : 4 red balls : 6x6x6x6x15
case 3 : 5 red balls : 6x6x6x6x6;favourable cases = cases ( 1 + 2 + 3) = 30456
total cases = 21x21x21x21x21 = 21^5;probability = 376/50421

3. if the probability of rain on any given day in pune city is 50% then what is the probability
that it rains on exactly 3 days in a 5 day period?
probability it rains on 1st day=1/2
probability it rains on 2nd day=1/2
probability it rains on 3rd day=1/2
probability it rains on 4th day=1/2
probability it rains on 5th day=1/2
Probability of rain in any day of 5day period=1/32
probability that it rains on exactly 3 days in a 5 day period=5c3*(1/32) =10/32=5/16

4. There are two boxes one containing 10 red balls and other containing 10 green balls. You
are allowed to move the balls between the boxes so that when you choose a box at random,
a ball at random from that box the probability of getting a ball is maximized. Find the
maximum probability. 1)14/19 2)3/4 3)1/2 4)37/38
To maximize probability, transfer all red balls except 1 from box1 to box2.So now box1
will have 1 red ball and box2 will have 19(9red + 10 green) balls
Now probability of selecting box1 from those is 1/2. Since there is 1 red ball only,
probability of selecting red ball will be 1. So for box1 total is (1/2)(1)=1/2.
Similarly for box2 its (1/2)(9/19). Add both you get 14/19

5. A Box has 13 white chips, 7 blue chips and 6 green chips. What is the probability that, if two
chips are drawn from the box in succession, one is blue and other is white.
a) 7/50 b) 20/26 c) 4/20 7/26*13/25=7/50

6. Here is magic dragon with 3 heads & 3 tails....u have a magic sword that can cut 1 head, 2
heads, 1 tail & 2 tails...if 1 head is cut another head grows...if 1 tail is cut 2 new tails grow...2
tails are cut a new head grows...& if 2 heads r cut nothing grows...find minimum number of
swings 2 cut all heads & tails

1 cut two tail=4 head 1 tail

2 cut 1 tail=4 head 2 tail
3cut 1 tail= 4 head 3 tail
4 cut 1 tail=4 head 4 tail
5 cut 2 tail= 5 head 2 tail
6 cut 2 tail=6 head 0 tail
7,8,9 cut 2 heads one by one.
therefore ladies and gentleman our ans is 9
7. A gambler has in his pocket a fair coin and a two-headed coin. He withdraws a coin at
random and flips it twice. If the first flip is Heads, what is the probability that the second flip
is Heads?
Probability of finding head with fair coin=1/2*1/2=1/4.
Probability of finding head with unfair coin is 1/2*1=1/2.
Total probability of getting head=1/4+1/2=3/4.

2. A bag contains 1100 tickets numbered 1, 2, 3, ... 1100. If a ticket is drawn out of it at
random, what is the probability that the ticket drawn has the digit 2 appearing on it?
A. 291/1100 B. 292/1100 C. 290/1100 D. 301/1100
within 1 to 100 there are 19 numbers containing digit 2.2 first is 20 to 29 there are 10
numbers and 2 12,32,-,- ------92. and 200 to 299 there are 100 numbers. so 1100 contain
290 numbers containing digit 2.(100---19 so 100 contain 190 ,excluding 200 to 299)
190+100=290. so 290/1100 is answer

3. A bag contains 2/3rd blue balls and rest are pink.5/9 blue balls are defective and 7/8 pink
balls are defective. Total non defective balls are 146.then total no. of balls in bag.?
sol:let balls in bag be x; blue=2x/3 ,pink=x/3; non defective blue balls=(4/9)*(2x/3)=8x/27,
....do........ pink =(1/8)*(x/3)=x/24; so (8x/27)+(x/24)=146
on solving x=432.So total balls=432

4. Find sum of (1^2)*28C1+(2^2)*28C2+.........upto(28^2)28C28.

We know,(1+x)^n=C0+C1x+C2x^2+.....+Cnx^n .......(1)
Differentiating w.r.t x we get
n(1+x)^(n1)=C1+2C2x+3C3x^2+.....+nCnx^(n1)
Multiplying by x on both sides,
x.n(1+x)^(n1)=x.C1+2C2x^2+3C3x^3+.....
Now again differentiating w.r.t to x
n(1+x)^(n1)+n(n1)x(1+x)^(n2)=C0+2^2C1x+3^2C2x^2+4^2C3x^3+.....
Putting x = 1, we get
n(n+1)2^(n2)=C1+2^2C2+3^2C3+4^2C4+.....
Now substituting n=28
28(28+1)2^(282) = 812.2^26 = 406.2^27

5. a horse racing competition there were 18 horses numbered 1 to 18. The organizers assigned a
probability of winning the race to each horse, based on the horses health. The probability
that horse 1 would win is (1/7), that 2 win is 1/8 and that 3 would win is 1/7. Assuming that
tie is not possible, find chance that one of 3 will win the race.