Wednesday, 6 July 2016

Nak Pandai Tulis Esei BI, gunalah Teknik Salin Karangan

BerVISI - Part 2

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verbnoun [C]
UK /vb/ US /vb/

A2 a word or phrase that describes an action, condition, or experience:The words "run",

"keep", and "feel" are all verbs.
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Multi-word verbs are verbs which consist of a verb and one or two particles or
prepositions (e.g. up, over, in, down). There are three types of multi-word verbs:
phrasal verbs, prepositional verbs and phrasal-prepositional verbs. Sometimes, the
name phrasal verb is used to refer to all three types.

Phrasal verbs

Phrasal verbs have two parts: a main verb and an adverb particle.

The most common adverb particles used to form phrasal verbs are around,at,
away, down, in, off, on, out, over, round, up:

bring in go around look up put away take off

Meaning

Phrasal verbs often have meanings which we cannot easily guess from their
individual parts. (The meanings are in brackets.)

The book first came out in 1997.(was published)

The plane took off an hour late. (flew into the air)

The lecture went on till 6.30.(continued)

Its difficult to make out what shes saying. (hear/understand)

Saya amat gemar menggunakan CDO kerana ia bukan sahaja memberikan definisi tapi penerangan
lanjut tentang sesuatu perkataan itu. Contohnya, jika kita scroll ke bawah lagi pada page hasil carian
makna VERB tersebut, kita akan dapat lihat topik KEGUNAAN word tersebut dalam bidang-bidang
spesifik. Dalam kes ini, word 'verb' dimasukkan dalam bidang Linguistics yang mana dirujuk
kepada"Parts of Speech" (POS).

p/s: Ini Link hasil carian yang saya maksudkan di atas

http://dictionary.cambridge.org/dictionary/english/verb
POS ini bagi saya amat penting untuk difahami oleh sesiapa yang ingin memahami apakah itu
VERBS. Mungkin ada boleh membuat research sendiri tentang tajuk POS jika anda benar-benar ingin
memahami apakah itu VERBS. Untuk posting ini, saya hanya akan memfokuskan pada VERBS
sahaja.

Seterusnya jika kita scroll ke bawah lagi pada page tersebut, ada perkataan GRAMMAR. Ini
bermaksud kaitan perkataan "verb" dalam bidang Grammar. Dari situ, kita boleh lihat dengan jelas,
editors di CDO mengklasifikasi tajuk VERBS kepada beberapa tajuk kecil iaitu:

1. Compound Verbs
2. Verbs: Types
(2.1) Main Verbs
(2.2) Linking Verbs
(2.3) Auxiliary Verbs
(2.3.1) Verb To BE
(2.3.2) Verb To DO
(2.3.3) Verb To HAVE
(2.4) Modal Verbs
3. Definisi Verbs
4. Verbs & Word Classes
5. Verbs Phrases
6. Verbs: Basic Forms
7. Regular Verbs
8. Irregular Verbs
9. Verbs Formation
10. Identifying Verbs

Di sebelah kanan webpage itu pula ada nota tentang [More meanings of verb] yang mana beberapa
perkataan lain yang berkaitan dengan VERBS ada diberikan sekiranya kita memerlukan maklumat
yang lebih lanjut.

Pendeknya, JAWAPAN kepada PERSOALAN yang saya tujukan dapat Part 1 boleh anda perolehi
dari CDO sebenarnya. Anda hanya perlu baca dan fahamkan nota-nota tersebut. Sekiranya anda
masih tidak faham, mungkin anda boleh mendapatkan bantuan sesiapa yang faham. Saya sendiri
akan cuba menerangkannya dalam bahasa yang mudah, iaitu dalam BM. Saya amat percaya dengan
Teknik Menggunakan L1 (bahasa ibunda) seseorang untuk belajar bahasa ke-2.
Jadi, untuk posting hari ini, yang penting untuk anda faham Tajuk Kecil No.4, No.2 dan No.10.
Nombor-nombor lain pun penting tetapi 4, 2 & 10 lebih penting pada permulaan.

Kemudian, yang PALING PENTING ialah No.6

Jom kita lihat satu persatu:

(A) Tajuk Kecil No. 4 : Verbs

are one of the four major word classes, along with
nouns, adjectives and adverbs. A verb refers to an action, event or state.
These are verbs:

actions events states

go die be

sing happen have

take rain know

She always sings at parties.

It rained yesterday.

I only know his first name. I dont know his surname.

Maka, cara terbaik untuk menguatkan ASAS anak kita untuk menguasai BI adalah dengan
memastikan dia boleh mengenali dan membezakan 4 MAJOR WORD CLASS iaitu VERBS, NOUNS,
ADJECTIVES & ADVERBS. Maksudnya, walaupun saya menyarankan agar anak anda highlight
VERBS sahaja, tetapi pada masa yang saya dia mesti tahu & faham apakah itu NOUNS, VERBS &
ADJECTIVES dan boleh membezakannya.

(B) Tajuk Kecil No.2: Main

verbs have meanings related to actions, events and
states. Most verbs in English are main verbs:

We went home straight after the show.

It snowed a lot that winter.

Several different types of volcano exist.

Anda keliru? Jangan keliru! Mudahnya, MAIN VERBS ni ADA BANYAK. Makna awal VERBS tadi pun
sebenarnya merujuk kepada MAKNA MAIN VERBS!

Jom kita lihat salah satu bentuk MAIN VERBS iaitu LINKING VERBS.
Linking verbs

Some main verbs are called linking verbs (or copular verbs). These verbs are not
followed by objects. Instead, they are followed by phrases which give extra
information about the subject (e.g. noun phrases, adjective phrases, adverb
phrases or prepositional phrases). Linking verbs include:

appear feel look seem sound

be get remain smell taste

become

A face appeared at the window. It was Pauline. (prepositional phrase)

Hes a cousin of mine. (noun phrase)

This coat feels good. (adjective phrase)

She remained outside while her sister went into the hospital. (adverb phrase)

* Pada ketika ini suka saya nak tarik perhatian anda kepada Auxiliary Verbs "BE
DO HAVE" atau lebih dikenali sebagai VERB TO BE (VTB), VERB TO DO (VTD)
dan VERB TO HAVE (VTH). Anak-anak kita selalu gagal untuk highlight Auxiliary
Verbs ini pada kali pertama kita menyuruhnya highlight verbs. Tetapi selepas
diajar, mereka akan mula "tangkap" dan tidak salah lagi selepas itu.

Auxiliary verbs

There are three auxiliary verbs in English: be, do and have. Auxiliary verbs come
before main verbs.
Auxiliary be

Auxiliary be is used to indicate the continuous and the passive voice:

Im waiting for Sally to come home.(continuous)

Her car was stolen from outside her house. (passive)

See also:
Future continuous (I will be working)
 Passive
Auxiliary do

Auxiliary do is used in interrogative, negative and emphatic structures:

Does she live locally? (interrogative)

They didnt know which house it was. (negative)

I do like your new laptop! (emphatic, with spoken stress on do)

See also:
Interrogative clauses

Negation

Do as an auxiliary verb
Auxiliary have

Auxiliary have is used to indicate the perfect:

Ive lost my memory stick. Have youseen it anywhere? (present perfect)

She had seen my car outside the shop. (past perfect)

See also:
Present perfect simple (I have worked)

Past perfect simple (I had worked)

Auxiliary verb with no main verb

An auxiliary verb can only appear alone when a main verb (or a clause containing a
main verb) is understood in the context:
A:
Does she play the clarinet?
B:
Yes, She does. (Yes, she plays the clarinet.)
A:
It hasnt snowed at all this year, has it?
B:
No, it hasnt. (No, it hasnt snowed.)
Be, do and have as main verbs
Be, do and have can be used as auxiliary verbs or as main verbs.
Compare

as a
as an auxiliary
main
verb
verb

Shes a Hesthinkingof
be professional moving to New
photographer. Zealand.

I need to dosome Do youlike Thai

do
work this evening. food, Jim?

The Wehaventbeen to
have childrenhave lunch the cinema for
at twelve oclock. ages.

Warning:
Remember, when do and haveare main verbs, we must use auxiliary do to make
questions and negatives:
A:
What does Janet do?
B:
Shes a teacher.

Not: What does Janet?

I dont have a car. I only have a bike.

See also:
Verbs: basic forms

Modal verbs

The main modal verbs are:

 can may must should would

could might shall will

Modal verbs have meanings connected with degrees of certainty and necessity:

Well be there around 7.30. (speaker is quite certain)

A new window could cost around 500. (speaker is less certain)

I must ring the tax office. (speaker considers this very necessary)

Semi-modal verbs have some meanings related to the main modal verbs. The
semi-modal verbs are dare, need, ought to, used to.

See also:
Modality: introduction

Dare

Need

Ought to

Used to

State and action verbs

A verb refers to an action, event or state.

Action

We can use the simple or continuous form of action verbs:

I cleaned the room as quickly as possible.

Shes watching television at the moment.

Event

We can use the simple or continuous form of event verbs:

Four people died in the crash.

Its raining again.

State

We usually use the simple form rather than the continuous form of state verbs:

I dont know the name of the street.

Who owns this house?

Some verbs can be used to talk about both states and actions, but with different
meanings:

state (usually simple action (simple or

form) continuous)

She is coming from

I come from France on Wednesday.
France.(This is where
my home is.) He camefrom Italy
yesterday.(travel from)

She is very She is beingvery

friendly.(permanent unfriendly.(temporary
quality or state) behaviour)

Werehaving a meeting
to discuss it.(hold a
meeting)
We havetwo dogs.(own)
We hadmussels for
starter and prawns for
main course.(eat)

Do you seewhat I
Jane isseeing her boss
mean?(understand)
today and shes going
 state (usually simple action (simple or
form) continuous)

to tell him shes

leaving.

I dont seeRebecca at
work any more since I
moved office. (meet)

What areyou lookingat?

Your
I never lookat the price
dresslooks nice.(appear)
on the menu.(see with
your eyes)

(C) Tajuk Kecil No.10: Identifying verbs

It is not always possible to identify a verb by its form.
Maksudnya BUKAN MUDAH untuk pastikan sama ada sesuatu perkataan itu VERB, dengan hanya
melihat bentuknya. Kadang-kadang ada bentuk yang serupa dengan Word Class yang lain seperti
Nouns.

Tetapi ada PANDUAN yang boleh diikuti untuk kita mengatakan sesuatu perkataan itu adalah VERB.

10.1. Some word-endings (suffixes) can show that the word is probably a verb.

suffix examples

appreciate, celebrate,
-ate
congratulate

-en frighten, soften, widen

 suffix examples

-ify identify, specify, qualify

-ise/- realise, recognise,

ize* modernize

*Both forms are used, but the -ise form is more common in British English and the -ize form is
more common in American English

11.2 Typical verb prefixes

Verbs often also have these typical prefixes.

prefix examples

ad- adapt, admit, advance

de- deceive, deform, describe

im-/in- impose, increase, inform

per- perform, persuade, perceive

re- recall, receive, reproduce

However, some words beginning with these prefixes may belong to other word
classes (e.g. increase [noun], reception[noun]). A good learners dictionary will
tell you whether a word is a verb. (saya paling SETUJU dengan saranan ini
kerana inilah TEKNIK yang saya gunakan selama ini iaitu RUJUK KAMUS BI-BI.
Pasti ada Word Class untuk perkataan tersebut).
Verbs sometimes have the same form as nouns or adjectives.
Verbs related to nouns

Could you hand me the dictionary?

We should position the noticeboard where everyone can see it.

Ill email Sally to see if she is free on Thursday.

Verbs related to adjectives

I needed to calm my nerves before the interview.

The government hopes to slow the growth in road traffic over the next five years.

As they get older, most peoples hair starts to thin.

*Maksudnya kita perlu TAHU WORD CLASS sesuatu perkataan. Isu ini dalam BM
disebut KATA BANYAK MAKNA. Hanya dengan mengetahui WORD CLASS dan
MAKNA sesuatu perkataan itu dengan JELAS barulah anak kita boleh
MENGUASAI BI.

(D) Tajuk Kecil No.6: Main verbs have three basic forms: the base form, the
past form and the -ed form (sometimes called the -ed participle):

6.1 Base form: used as the infinitive form, with to or without to (Do you want to
come with us? I cant leave now.) and for the present simple (I always read before
I go to sleep every night.) except third person singular, which uses the -sform
(She works at the university.)

6.2 Past form: used for the past simple (He opened the door and went out.)

6.3 -ed form: used after auxiliary have and be (Ive always wanted a piano and
I was given one last week.).

*Saya selalu meminta students saya mengHAFAL 3 BASIC FORMS of verbs ini
terutamanya IRREGULAR VERBS. Setelah dihafal, dengan menggunakan Sistem
Hafal yang bersistematik, maka kebolehan untuk menggunakan mana-mana
FORM atau BENTUK verb tersebut akan menjadi lebih mudah selepas itu.
How dictionaries show the forms
The base form is normally the form used as a heading in a dictionary. Here is a
typical dictionary entry for a verb. The base form is sing, the past form is sang and
the -ed form is sung:

sing /s/

verb (sang, sung) MAKE MUSIC 1. [I

or T] to make musical sounds with the
voice, usually a tune with words:

The children sang two songs by

Schubert at the school concert.

[source: Cambridge Advanced Learners

Dictionary]

Examples of the three basic forms

When you look up a verb in the dictionary, you will often find the three forms listed
together, especially for irregular verbs. Here are some examples (regular verbs are
printed in blue; irregular verbs are printed in black).

base form past simple -ed form

open opened opened

love loved loved

watch watched watched

base form past simple -ed form

swim swam swum

go went gone

make made made

put put put