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Topic:

Class 3 : Discuss VLAN & Trunking Concept

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VLAN & VTP Concept

U Contant U Page No

Vertual Local Area Network

VLAN Overview? 04
Types of VLAN? 05
o Data VLAN
o Default VLAN
o Native VLAN
o Management VLAN
o SVI VLAN

VLAN IDs Range?

Extended Range? 06
Trunks Port?
Router on a Stick?
Inter-VLAN Routing? 07
U

VTP Protocol:
VTP Overview? 08
How VTP Work?
VTP Modes? 09
o Sever Mode:
o Client Mode:
o Transparent Mode:
Requirment for VTP? 10
o Always Port Trunk:
o Always same Domain:
o VTP Password:

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VLANs Overview:

VLAN (Virtual LAN) eak logical network ko kehty hai. Eak hi switch py rehty howy switches k
multiples portion create karna VLAN ki another example hai. Suppose k hamary network mai 5
buildings hai or wo sabhi same LAN segment ko use kar rahi hai without any configuration simple
network ki tarha to is Scenario mai agar network mai koi broadcast create hoti hai to us ki waja sy hamara
pora network down hojaye hai sari buildings ka.
So VLAN eak essi technic hai jis ki help sy hum switches ko buildings ya multiples department mai
divide kar sakty hai VLAN configuration k throw.
Her VLAN eak separate Network hoti hai pher chahye wo eak hi switch py hu ya multiple swithces per.
Or separte network means separate broadcast domain so jab hum VLANs configure karty hai
deparments wise ya building wise to switch apny single boradcast domain mai sy eak separate boradcast
domain us VLAN k ley create karta hai or jitny bhi interfaces ya computers us VLAN ka part hoty hai
wo sub eak hi switch py rehty howy bhi eak separate network ki tarha ACT karty hai.
So agar hum apny network mai 5 VLANs create kary or her eak building ko eak separate VLAN mai
assign kary to agar next time network mai koi broadcast create hoti hai to us ka impact sirf ussi building
tk rahy ga bakki ki buildings per us ka effect nahi hoga ga because single VLAN is a separate Network
or separate Broadcast Domain
Hum VLAN ka usage kessi bhi tarha kar sakty hai apni network requirement k according like building
wise or departments wise suppose HR Deparment (eak separateVALN), Audit Deparment (eak
separateVALN), Sary VoIP Phones (eak separateVALN), or Management Staff (eak separateVALN) so
its up to you k hum VLANs ko kis tarha apny network mai implement karty hai network traffic ko
separate rakhny k ley.

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If you wanna show the VLAN of switch use the command SW1# Show VLAN brief

Types of VLAN:

Default VLAN : Default VLAN hamray switches py by default bani hoti hy jis py phly
sy switch ki sari port assign hoti hy jessy hum VLAN 1 khty hy VLAN 1 is by default VLAN in every
Cisco Switches.

Management VLAN : Management VLAN mai hum VLANs ko IP dy sakty hy taky

hum apny switch ko bhi router ki tarha remotely telnet session k throw configure kar saky to jis bhi
VLAN ko hum IP assign karty hy hamari wo VLAN management VLAN khelati hy jaha sy hum switch
ka remote ly k switch ko remotely bhi configure kar sakty hy or T-shoot k ley us switch ki IP ping kar k
deparments ki connectivity ko bhi check kar sakty hai.

Data VLAN : Data VLAN sirf Users ka Data Carry karti hy

Management/administration ka nahi ye sirf control karti hy hamary data ko or hamari voice traffic ko.

Native VLAN : Jab hum inter VLAN routing perform karty hy matlab do different
VLANs k darmiyan communicate karwaty hy to waha hum 802.1Q protocol ka use karty hy jo her
VLAN per us ki destination VLAN ka address TAG kar dyta hy k ye traffic kon c VLAN per jayegi. So
essi tarha VLAN 1 koi different VLAN nahi hoti yani hum ussy khud sy create nahi karty wo by default
hoti hy to agar VLAN 10 sy data send hoga VLAN 1 ko to wo untagged hoga qk wo koi different VLAN
nahi hy switch ki apni default VLAN hy to essi ley hum VLAN 1 ko as a native VLAN bhi khty hy qk
wo untagged hoti hy jis my kessi bhi destination VLAN ki information nahi hoti switch ki apni VLAN

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ki information hoti hy. So Simple VLAN 1 is Native VLAN or native VLAN hum apni marzi sy bhi
configure kar sakty hy.

SVI VLAN : SVI means (Switch Virtual Interface) jab bhi hum apny switch ko IP dyty hy to
wo kessi VLAN ko active kar k dyty hy or switch ko IP dyny sy switch hamy layer 3 ki functionality
dyta hy sirf 1 VLAN k ley to jis VLAN py IP address configure hota hy us VLAN ko hum SVI VLAN
khty hy qk wo as a Router k virtual interface ki tarha perform kar rahi hoti hy or ye by default off hoti
hy essy hamy forcefully configure karna hota hy

VLAN IDs Range:

1 to 1005
VLAN 1 (Default) Created by default con not be deleted.
VLAN 1002 1005 (use for Token Ring and FDDI default) Created by default con not be
deleted.
VLAN information save in VLAN.DAT file in flash memory.

Extended Range:
1006 - 4094
Extended VLANs Range used for ISPs.
And VLAN information stored in Running Configuration.
U

Concept of Trunks Port:

By default switch ki her port khud sy Single VLAN ka data access
karti hy but agar hamari VLAN kessi dosry switch py bhi
configure hy like end to end VLAN or different VLANs hy to yaha
hamy switch ki end ports ko Trunk Port banana parta hy qk Trunk
port 1 single port my hi Multiple VLANs ka data send and receive
kar sakti hy. Agar hum switch ki last port lo trunk port nahi bannye
gy to different VLANs k darmiyan communication nahi ho paye
gi.

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Router on a Stick:
Router on a stick ko inter VLAN routing bhi khty hy agar hum do different VLANs ko appas mai
communicate bhi karana chty hai tu is conndition mai hammy 1 router ya L3 device ki need hoti hy qk
router 2 different network k darmiyan communicate kar waata hy to essi ley hum is process ko inter
VLAN routing bhi khty hy jis my 2 VLANs 1 different network my rehty howy bhi apas my communicate
kar sakti hy is k ley hum router py DOT1Q protocol ko use karty howy Sub Interfaces banta hy or pher
virtual links create karty hy jis ki help sy VLANs communicate kar pati hy.

Inter-VLAN Routing:
Inter VLAN routing my router my do seprate interface ko use
kia jata hy VLANs ko apas my communicate karwany k ley is ka
disadvantage ye hy k router my bhut km interfaces hoty hy or
agar humary pass 5 VLANs configure hai tu waha hum itny sary
interfaces to nahi use kar sakta essi ley hum router on a stick trick
ko use karty hy is my hum bs 1 hi interface ko use karty hy or
ussi interface mai sub interfaces dot1q protocol ko use karty
howy virtual interface create kar dyty hy jissy 1 hi interface py
rehty howay sari VLANs apas my communicate kar rhi hoti hy
or zada interfaces bhi use nahi hoty.
U

LAB: Virtual Local Area Network (VLAN)

Switch>enable
Switch # configure terminal
Switch(conf)# VLAN 10
Switch(config)# name H.R
Switch(config)# exit
Switch(conf)# VLAN 20
Switch(config)# name SALES
Switch(config)# exit

Show VLAN on the Switch

SW1# Show VLAN brief

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Assigning ports in VLAN

Switch (config)#int fa0/1
Switch (config-if)#switchport mode access
Switch (config-if)#switchport access VLAN 10
Switch (config-if)#exit

Switch (config)#int fa0/2

Switch (config-if)#switchport mode access
Switch (config-if)#switchport access VLAN 20
Switch (config-if)#exit

Inter-VLAN Routing:

Creating sub-interface for VLAN 10 on Router:

Router> en
Router# config t
Router(config) Int fa0/0.10
Router(config-subif) encapsulation dot1Q 10
Router(config-subif) ip address 10.0.0.100 255.0.0.0
Router(config-subif) no shut

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VTP Explanation:
VTP means (VLAN Trunking Protocol) VTP
cisco ka propriety protocol hy VTP protocol kam
ye karta yehy k jaisy suppose hamary network my
(40) Switches hy or hum ny 1 switch py VLAN
create karni hy like VLAN10 so 1 switch tak to
ye thk hy per agar mujhy is VLAN ko apny
network py rakhy or switches sy bhi connect
karna hy to waha mujhy yehi VLAN or switches
py bhi configure karni hogi.
Is k ley mujhy sary switches ka console ly k ye
VLAN sary switches per manually configure
karni hogi but ye koi best way nahi hy olta thaka dyny wala kam hy to essi ley CISCO ny VTP protocol
banaya hy VTP protocol my hum apny sary switches py VTP protocol ko enable karty hy or VTP protocol
my switches k mode set karty hy jaissy k Server mode or Client mode so Server mode my jo switch hota
hy hum bs ussi switch py 1 VLAN create karty hy or wo switch khud sy connect sary switch py auto hi
wo VLAN create kar dyta hy. yani k VLAN ki information sync kar dyta hy. To hammy her switch py
jaja k wohi VLAN create nahi karni parti or yahi sub sy bara benefit hy is protocol ka. Or VTP sirf
CISCO k swithes py hi chalta hy.

Quick Concept of VTP Protocol:

VLAN Trunking Protocol Cisco ka propriety protocol hy ye run karta hy sirf Trunk links py or
synchronize karta hy VLAN k database ko sary switches py jo same domain ka part hoty hy. VTP
domain 1 administrative group hota hy or jin switches py VTP run karna hy un ka same domain my
hona lazmi hy jabhi wo VLAN k database ko sary switches py synchronize kar saky gy or un ka domain
name bhi same configure hona chayee the name is case sensative. VTP work karta hy us k Revision
number sy or VTP my maximum 4.3 billion revision num ban sakty hy.
1) Network my sary switches VTP ki advertisement ko send karty hy her 5 minute k bad or aagar
un k VLAN database my koi changing hoi hu to foren hi VTP update send karty hy pher 5 minute
wait nahi karty.

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2) VTP work karta hy us k Revision number sy Network my koi VLAN banny ya delete ho too us
my revision number hamesha 1 plus hota rehta hy or pher wo revision number network my
advertise hota hy or bakki k switches ussy apny revision number sy match karty hy aagar revision
number zada hota hy to wo us switch ka databse apny database sy replace kar lyty hy. or jis
switch ka revision number higher hota hy to sary switches us VLAN database ho khud my
overwrite kar lyty hy.

VTP Modes:

Server Mode:

By default Cisco k switches my VTP enable hota hy or ye Server mode my ACT kar raha hota
hy. Server mode my ap khud sy VLAN banna bhi sakty hy us my editing bhi kar sakty hy or
ussy delete bhi kar sakty hy.

Client Mode:

Client mode k switch my ap na to VLAN banna sakty hy na edit kar sakty hy or nahi delete kar
sakty hy client mode k switch hamesha khud my VLANs ki information ko overwrite karty hy
server mode k switch sy jessy hi server mode k switch my 1 VLAN create hoti hy to wo Switch
foren hi apny network my khud sy connect sary switches ko 1 VTP update send karta hy or Client
mode k sary switches us update ko accept karty hy or khud my wohi VLAN update kar lyty hy
jo server mode switch my forcefully configure hoi hoti hy.

Transparent Mode:

Transparent jaissy k name sy hi show ho rha hy matlab cross yani Arr Paarr. Cisco k Sary
Switches py VTP enable hota hy or hum essy disable nahi kar sakty suppose (40) switches my
sy kuch switches essy bhi hy jin my my koi bhi vla nahi banna chata qk waha VLAN ki koi need
hi nahi hy to essy my ma us switch ko server mode py bhi chor nahi sakty qk pher us switch ko
full rights mil jaye gy or mai VTP ko disable bhi nahi kar sakta to bs itnaa kar sakty hu k us
switch ka mode Transparent configure kar sakty hy. wessy to sary hi switches VTP ki update
ko poray network py send karty hy or client mode k switches us update ko accept kar k khud my
wohi changing kar lyty hy per transparent mode my switch us update ko receive to karyga per
khud my kuch changing nahi karyga or wessy hi us update ko agye forward kardy ga or switches
ko. So transparent mode k switches ko hum as a disable man lyty hy qk wo VTP ki Update

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receive to karty hy or direct hi agye forward kar dyty hy means transparent mode k switches my
VTP ki Update us switch sy cross means Arr Paarr ho jati hy.

Requirement for VTP to Between Two Switches:

1) VTP ki phli requirement to ye hy k switches ki connecting ports jo kessi dosry switch sy connect
ho rahi hu un ka Trunk Port hona lazmi hy jab hi wo agye VTP ki Update ko send kar pay gy.
2) Dosri requirement ye hy k VTP ka kessi 1 Domain my hona lazmi hy matlab agar hum chty hy
k VTP ki update sary switches py same rahy tu un ka kessi 1 domain k name lazmi hy. hum apny
network my 3 sy 4 Domain bhi bana sakty hy to jis bhi domain my VTP ki update hoi hogi to
sirf unhi client py wo receive hogi jo us domain ka part hongy. Is k ley hum switch py VTP
configure karty waqt domain ka name configure karty hy jabhi us switch ko pata lagta hy k wo
kon sy domain ka part hy. Or ye domain name case sensitive hoty hy matlab sary switches py
name 1 jaisa hi hona chaye ager small letter my hy to small my hi or agar capital letter my hy tu
capital my hi.
3) (Optional) hum security purpose k ley VTP server my passwords bhi dy sakty hu or wo password
bhi sary switches py same hona chaye jabhi wo VTP ki update ko password match kar k agye
forward kary gy.

Configuration of VTP Server:

Switch (config)#Vtp mode client, server, transparent
Switch (config)#Vtp domain cisco
Switch (config)#Vtp password cisco (optional)
Switch (config)#Vtp version 1,2,3
Switch (config)#Vtp pruning (optional)

VTP Show Commands:

Switch#Show VTP status
Switch#Show VTP password

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