Академический Документы
Профессиональный Документы
Культура Документы
discussions, stats, and author profiles for this publication at: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/3416907
CITATIONS READS
218 274
4 authors, including:
All content following this page was uploaded by Hyunsoo Cheon on 04 October 2015.
The user has requested enhancement of the downloaded file. All in-text references underlined in blue are added to the original document
and are linked to publications on ResearchGate, letting you access and read them immediately.
IEEE COMMUNICATIONS LETTERS, VOL. 7, NO. 5, MAY 2003 239
AbstractIn this letter, we present a novel timing offset estima- using computer simulation results. Finally conclusion is drawn
tion method for orthogonal frequency division multiplexing sys- in Section V.
tems. The estimator proposed here is designed to avoid the ambi-
guity which occurs in Schmidls timing offset estimation method.
The performance of the proposed scheme is presented in terms of II. SYSTEM DESCRIPTION
mean and mean-square error (MSE) obtained by simulations. The A. OFDM Signal Description
simulation results show that the proposed estimator has a signifi-
cantly smaller MSE than the other estimators. Consider a general case of a OFDM system, using the stan-
Index TermsOrthogonal frequency division multiplexing dard complex-valued baseband equivalent signal model. The
(OFDM), preamble, timing offset estimation. th received sample has the standard form
I. INTRODUCTION (1)
Manuscript received November 6, 2002. The associate editor coordinating where represents samples of length and is generated
the review of this paper and approving it for publication was Prof. P. Loubaton.
This work was supported by the Basic Research Program of the Korea Science by the method in [5].
and Engineering Foundation under Grant R01-2000-000-00271-0(2002) and by The Schmidls timing estimator finds the starting point of the
LG Electronics. symbol at the maximum point of the timing metric given by
The authors are with the Information and Telecommunication Laboratory,
Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul,
Korea (e-mail: mgballs@itl.yonsei.kr). (4)
Digital Object Identifier 10.1109/LCOMM.2003.812181
where
In Schmidls method, the timing metric has its peak for the
entire interval of the cyclic prefix. The Minns method has its
peak at the correct starting point for the OFDM symbol, since (12)
correlation of some samples results in negative values. For this
reason, Minns method eliminates the peak plateau of the timing
metric, hence resulting in a smaller MSE. (13)
III. PROPOSED SYMBOL TIMING METHOD The is designed such that there are different pairs
Minns method uses negative-valued samples at the of product between two adjacent values. It is maximum different
second-half of training symbols to reduce the timing metric pairs of product. Therefore, the proposed timing metric has its
plateau. Correlation of these negative samples results in a peak value at the correct symbol timing, while the values are
decrease of the timing metric at an incorrect OFDM symbol almost zero at all other positions.
starting point. However, in spite of the reduction of the timing Fig. 1 shows an example of the timing metric under no noise
metric plateau, it is observed that the MSE of Minns estimator and no channel distortion with 1024 subcarriers and 128 cyclic
is quite large in ISI channels from the results in [6]. This is prefix. The correct timing point is indexed 0 in the figure. The
because the values of the timing metric around the correct proposed timing metric is compared to those of Schmidls
starting point are almost the same. Therefore, in order to and Minns. As seen in the Fig. 1, Schmidls method creates
increase the performance of the estimator, a method which a plateau for the whole interval of cyclic prefix. The timing
enlarges the difference between peak value of the timing metric metric from Minns method reduces the plateau, and yields a
and the other values is required. sharp timing metric. As expected, the proposed method has an
Observation of two adjacent values of the timing metric impulse-shaped timing metric, allowing it to achieve a more
clearly shows that they have all the same sum of the pairs accurate timing offset estimation.
PARK et al.: NOVEL TIMING ESTIMATION METHOD FOR OFDM SYSTEMS 241
Fig. 1. Comparison of the timing metric of estimators. Fig. 3. MSE of estimators in HIPERLAN/2 indoor channel A.
We can see from the MSE curve in Fig. 3 that the proposed
timing offset estimator has a much smaller MSE than the
other estimators. This improvement can be inferred from the
impulse-like shape of the timing metric of proposed estimator.
The simulation results make it clear that the performance of
the proposed estimator performs better than the other two esti-
mators, making it a more favorable option for the initial timing
synchronization of OFDM systems.
V. CONCLUSIONS
A preamble and a timing offset estimator are presented in this
letter. The proposed timing offset estimator reduces the plateau,
which makes the uncertainty of estimation in Schmidls timing
offset estimation method. The proposed timing synchronization
method makes it possible to estimate symbol timing offset with
a much smaller MSE. Therefore, the proposed estimator is suit-
Fig. 2. Mean of estimators in HIPERLAN/2 indoor channel A. able for the initial timing synchronization of OFDM systems.