REAL TIME AGRICULTURAL MONITORING SYSTEM BASED ON

WSN AND RASPBERRY PI MODULE USING MSP430

RAMYA SHREE B.V
PG Student, DEC, AMC Engineering College, Bangalore, Karnataka, India.
jesusramyaraju7@gmail.com

HIMANSHI BUDHIRAJA
Assistant Professor, Department of ECE, AMC Engineering College, Bangalore.
himanshi07@yahoo.co.in

ABSTRACT: The development in wireless sensor networks can be used in monitoring and
controlling various parameters in the agriculture field. Due to uneven and natural distribution of
rain water it is very difficult for farmers to monitor and control the distribution of water to
agriculture field in the whole farm or as per the requirement of the crop. There is no ideal and
advanced irrigation method for all weather conditions, soil structure and variety of crops cultures.
Farmers suffer large financial losses because of wrong prediction of weather and incorrect
irrigation methods and the amount of pesticides and insecticides used for crops. In this context,
with the evolution of miniaturized sensor devices coupled with wireless technologies, it is possible
remotely monitor parameters such as temperature and humidity and sun light intensity. In this
paper it is proposed to design, develop and implement a wireless sensor network connected to a
central node using ZigBee. The project gives a description of the precision agriculture monitoring
approach that provides meaningful services to farmers. The system can real-timely monitor and
control agriculture environmental information, such as the soil temperature, humidity, and sun
light intensity. The sensor values are transmitted to display device through coordinator.
Coordinator effectively route the sensor values from sensor nodes to the display unit, Display unit
will store the values and also display graphically the data from each sensor node. The display unit
developed using raspberry pi also uploads sensor values and graph to the agricultural experts for
useful suggestions from the agricultural experts.

KEYWORDS: Sensors, ZigBee, MSP430, Temperature, Humidity, sun light intensity.

INTRODUCTION

Agriculture is the backbone and important part of any Countrys economy and there is a strong
correlation between agricultural growth and economic prosperity. We need a new and effective
technology which can improve continuously the productivity, profitability, sustainability of our
major farming systems. Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) are nowadays widely used in building
decision support systems for better monitoring. One of the most interesting fields having an
increasing need in decision support systems is agriculture. Inefficient and wasteful methods of
agricultural monitoring lead to extra time and cost loss for farmers. This project presents the
precision agricultural monitoring system, an easy-to-use and expandable agricultural monitoring
solution to enhance land productivity by better managing water, improving the socio-economic
factor of farmers and their awareness, predicting and planning the crop yields.
THE SYSTEM ARCHITECTURE

The backbone of the precision agricultural monitoring system is the wireless sensor network which
is used to monitor and control certain parameter (Temperature, Humidity and sunlight intensity) in
large agricultural area. In this system, the temperature, humidity and light intensity input from the
agricultural land are picked up by temperature sensor(LM35), humidity sensor(SHT15) and light

Figure 1. System Architecture

intensity sensor(LDR) and are fed to the processing unit(microcontroller MSP430) as input
signals. These signals are converted into digital values using analog to digital converter within the
microcontroller (MSP430) resulting digital values are converted into standard values. If the
parameters cross desired value then it will switch on the motors and light.

These sensor values are sent to display device through coordinator. These sensor values are
extracted at the display unit. Coordinator effectively route the sensor values from sensor nodes to
the display unit, Display unit will store the values and also displays them in the form of plots.
Sensor nodes also make decision in order to control the parameters such as soil temperature,
humidity and light intensity. If the parameters cross desired value then it will switch on the motors
and light.

DESIGN OF WIRELESS SENSOR NETWORK

Considering the wireless sensor network requirement to implement low cost, low power
consumption, high performance and high sensitivity and the anti interference ability for each node,
In this paper, we choose Zigbee, MSP430, LM35 sensor, SY HS 220 sensor for nodes.

MSP430 microcontroller
The Texas Instruments MSP430 family of ultra-low-power microcontrollers consists of several
devices featuring different sets of peripherals targeted for various applications. The architecture,

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combined with five low-power modes, is optimized to achieve extended battery life in portable
measurement applications. The device features a powerful 16-bit RISC CPU, 16-bit registers, and
constant generators that contribute to maximum code efficiency. The digitally controlled oscillator
(DCO) allows wake-up from low-power modes to active mode in less than 1s.

Temperature sensor
The LM35 series are precision integrated-circuit temperature sensors, whose output voltage is
linearly proportional to the Celsius (Centigrade) temperature. The LM35 thus has an advantage
over linear temperature sensors calibrated in Kelvin, as the user is not required to subtract a large
constant voltage from its output to obtain convenient Centigrade scaling. The LM35 does not
require any external calibration or trimming to provide typical accuracies over a full -55 to +150C
temperature range.

Humidity sensor
SY-HS-220 is a Humidity sensor usually relies on measurements of some other quantity such as
temperature, pressure, mass or a mechanical or electrical change in a substance as moisture is
absorbed. By calibration and calculation, these measured quantities can lead to a measurement of
humidity.

Light Dependent Resistor

Two cadmium sulphide (cds) photoconductive cells with spectral responses similar to that of the
human eye. The cell resistance falls with increasing light intensity.

Zigbee Transreceiver
The digital frequency part, the direct sequence spread spectrum (DSSS) technology, not only can
easily realize 802.15.4 short-range wireless communication standard compatible, and greatly
improve the reliability of wireless communications10. The protocol stack design is precise and
reliable, including very important CSMA/CA energy-saving technology.

DESIGN OF RECEIVER AND DISPLAY DEVICE USING RASPBERRY PI MODULE

Figure 2. Raspberry pi module.

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Raspberry Pi, a credit card-sized, low-cost but fully functional and programmable computer with
modern high-definition multimedia capabilities. It may be the device that gets us back to
computing basics. An SD card inserted into the slot on the board acts as the hard drive for the
Raspberry Pi. It is powered by USB and the video output can be hooked up to a tradition RCA TV
set, a more modern monitor, or even a TV using the HDMI port. This gives you all of the basic
abilities of a normal computer. It also has an extremely low power consumption of about 3 watts.
To put this power consumption in perspective, you could run over 30 Raspberry Pis in place of a
standard light bulb!

The sensor values are transmitted to display device developed using raspberry pi through
coordinator. Coordinator effectively route the sensor values from sensor nodes to the display unit,
Display unit will store the values and also display graphically the data from each sensor node. The
display unit developed using raspberry pi also uploads sensor values and graph to the agricultural
experts for useful suggestions from the agricultural experts.

EXPERIMENTAL RESULTS

The sensor values are transmitted to display device developed using raspberry pi through
coordinator. Coordinator effectively route the sensor values from sensor nodes to the display unit,
Display unit will store the values and also display graphically the data from each sensor node.

The display unit developed using raspberry pi also uploads sensor values and graph to the
agricultural experts for useful suggestions from the agricultural experts. The graphical display of
measured and controlled parameters such as temperature and humidity is as shown in figure 3.

Figure 3. Graphical display of temperature and humidity values.

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CONCLUSION

The WSN in precision agriculture monitoring and controlling is a new technology for information
gaining and processing in agricultural field. It is more beneficial than the traditional agricultural
techniques. The real time agricultural monitoring system is designed to monitor and control
parameters such as soil temperature, humidity and sun light intensity in large agriculture field.
This is low cost system where the sensed values are transmitted to farmers house. The farmer may
use the received information to control the parameters and take valuable decisions on farming
tasks. This kind of wireless monitoring and control system improves the effectiveness and
efficiency of resources used (water), which leads to the improved production and profit.

FUTURE ENHANCEMENTS

The other important problem that the farmers are facing in agricultural field is the crop destruction
by the wild animals. So the future work include the design of the system that may monitor the farm
land by using sensors at the boundary of farm and a camera module which may take a photograph
once the sensor detects the entrance of wild animals and transmit the real time pictures by
integrating it with other information.

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