Академический Документы
Профессиональный Документы
Культура Документы
William Caxton 1421-1491/2 Recuyell of the Historyes of Troye This is the first book printed in English. It is
a medieval epic retelling
He introduced the Prinitng Press in 1476.
John Skelton ? 1460-1529 Collyn Clout (1521-2) Attacks the ambition of Cardinal Wolsey
Pierce Penniless (1592) Here Nash uses the framework of the seven
deadly sins
Thomas Lodge 1558-1625
Robert Greene 1558-1592
John Lyly 1553/4-1606 Euphues the Anatomy of Wit These books have given the language the
Euphues his England (1580) adjective euphuism, highlighting Lylys
persistent use of similes from natural history
and the classics. It now suggests an excessive
concern with fine phrases and an interest in
alliteration
Mother Bombie (1587-90)
Campaspe (1584)
Endymion (1591)
Gallathea (1585) Here Lyly played with the comic motif of
gender reversal.
Thomas Deloney The Gentle Craft (? 1597-8)
William Shakespeare 1564-1616 Sonnets Perfect use of form, three quatrains and a
couplet
Hamlet Poet and playwright. The worlds greatest
Macbeth dramatist. There are none with whom he may
Romeo and Juliet be compared
9
Ben Johnson 1574-1637 Volpone (1605 o 1606) Leading literary figure of the Jacobean era,
Epicoene (1609) after Shakespeares death. His characters
The Alchemist (1610) embody the Theory of Humours. He remains
Bartholomew Fair (1605 to 1614) a fine writer of lyric, a great satirist and a
Every Man Out of His Humour (1599) major figure in that classical and humorist
Poetaster (1601) tradition of literature. He was considered the
godfather of all the Cavalier poets.
Thomas Heywood ? 1575-1641 The Four Prentices of London (1592-
1600)
If You Know Not Me You Know Nobody
(1605)
Thomas Dekker ? 1572-1632 Old Fortunatus (1599)
The Shoemakers Holiday
Francis Beaumont and John Fletcher 1584/6-1615/6 The Knight of the Burning Pestle A mockery of the rising Middle class
1576/9-1625 (1607)
In their work we see the decline of Jacobean
tragedy
10
Thomas Middleton ? 1580-1627 A Trick to Catch the Old One (1605) His city comedies combine the idiom of
A Mad World, my Masters (1605) London life and its pace with realistic satire
A Chaste Maid in Cheapside (1611)
A Game of Chess (1624)
Philip Massinger 1583-1640 A New Way to Pay Old Debts (1621)
Cyril Tourneur ? 1575-1626
John Ford 1586-1639 He is considered by far the best of the
Caroline dramatists.
John Donne 1572-1631 Paradoxes (publ. 1633) Metaphysical poet and theologician. He uses
Songs and Sonnets unconventional or unpoetic figures
The Storm (epistle)
The Calm (epistle)
The Progress of the Soul
The Devotions on Emergent Occasions
(publ. 1624)
George Herbert 1593-1633/2 The Temple (1633) Metaphysical and religious poet. Anglican
minister.
3- Caroline Age (1625-1649)
Sir John Suckling 1609-1641 The Ballad Upon a Wedding Second generation of Metaphysical poets
John Cleveland 1613-1658 His love lyrics and elegies were widely
imitated.
Abraham Cowley 1618-1667 Poetical Blossoms (1633)
The Mistress (1647)
John Milton 1608-1674 Paradise Lost (1671) (Religious epic One of the greatest English poets. He remains
poem) regarded as one of the preeminent writers in
LAllegro (1631) the English language. His prose and poetry
IlPenseroso (1634) reflect a passion for freedom and self-
Comus (1638) (a masque) determination. He created the English epic
Lycidas and was the great Puritan poet
Paradise Regained (1671)
Samson Agonistes (1671)
Areopagitica
Sir Thomas Overbury 1581-1613 Characters (1614) (co-operative
anthology)
Francis Bacon 1561-1626 Essays or Counsels, Civil and Moral First issued as ten sequences of aphorisms in
(1625) 1597, and finally enlarged to fifty-eight
pieces.
The Advancement of Learning (1605)
13
John Dryden 1631-1700 Mac Flecknoe (1682) (a mock heroic) English poet, literary critic, translator and
Absolom and Architophel playwright. He dominated the literary life of
Ode for St. Cecilias Day (lyric poetry) Restoration England to such a point that the
Of Dramatic Poesy (1668) period is known as the Age of Dryden.
He established the heroic couplet and wrote
satires, religious pieces, fables, epigrams,
compliments, prologues and plays with the
heroic couplet. He also introduced the
alexandrine and triplet into the form
Johnson said that Dryden may properly be
considered as the father of English criticism
John Wilmot, Earl of Rochester 1647-1680 Sodom It compared unnatural tyranny to unnatural
vice
His finest satire is social
Timon Literary satire
An Allusion to Horace, the Tenth Satyr
of the First Book (1675/6)
A Satyr against Reason and Mankind A more powerful poem
Samuel Butler 1612-1680 Hudibras (1662-63-80) Satirist
Dillon Wentworth, Earl of Roscommon 1633-1684/5 Essay on Translated Verse (1684)
15
Sir George Etherege 1634/6-1691 The Comical Revenge, or Love in a Playwright. With him began the Restoration
Tub (1664) genteel comedy
She Wond if She Coud
The Man of Mode (1676)
Charles Sackville, Earl of Dorset 1637/8-1705/6
Sir Charles Sedley 1639-1701
John Sheffield, Earl of Mulgrave and Duke 1648/9-1720/1 Essay on Satyr (? 1680)
of Buckingham
John Oldham 1653/5-1683 Satyrs on the Jesuits (1679)
A Satyr Addressed to a Friend
Spensers Ghost
Katherine Philips 1631-1664 The poet of romantic and platonic ideas of
friendship. She wrote on philosophic and
religious matters
Dorothy Osborne 1627-1695
Margaret Cavendish, Duchess of Newcastle 1624-1674 The True Relation of my Birth, Suggests the courage many royalist women
Breeding and Life (1656) showed during the Civil War and Interregnum
The position of women in society and the
The Worlds Olio(1655) general inadequacy of female education
16
Alexander Pope 1688-1744 The Rape of the Lock These two works are still the greatest mock-
The Dunciad heroic poems ever written. In The Dunciad
he set out to show the collapse of learning.
He was strongly influenced by Dryden. Role
as Poet Laureate and a Roman Catholic writer
living under considerable social and political
disadvantages
AphraBehn 1640/2-1689 Oroonoko An analysis of colonialism
Love Letters Between a Nobleman and She wrote romance, considered a feminine
his Sister form. She was a novelist and dramatist
The Nun, or The Fair Vow-Breaker Tale embracing the hypocricy of convent life,
passion, bigamy and murder
Thomas Killigrew 1612-1683
Roger Boyle, Earl of Orvery 1621-1678 The General (1662) Heroic play
Mustapha (1665)
Elkanah Settle 1648-1724 Heroic dramas
Nathaniel Lee 1645/55/52-1692 The Rivals Queen Blank verse tragedy
Heroic dramas
Thomas Otway 1651/2-1685 The Orphan (1680) Heroic dramas
Venice Preservd or A Plot Discovered
(1682)
17
Gilbert Burnet 1643/5-1715 History of my Own Times (publ. 1724- Account of political events in the reign of the
34) later Stuarts
John Bunyan 1628-1688 The PilgrimProgress (1678) This is an allegory of personal salvation and a
Life and Deathof Mr. Bachman (1680) guide to Christian life.
The Holy War (1682) He was a religious author and allegorist
Absalom and Architophel (1681)
Mac Flecknoe (written 1676-publ.
1682 and 1681)
ReligiosLaici (A Laymans Religion)
2- The Augustan Age (or The Age of
Pope) (1700-1745)
John Locke 1632-1704 The Reasonableness of Christianity He formulated the philosophical grounds of
(1695) religious toleration. He didnt believe in
Letters Concerning Toleration (1690) modern forms of democratic government: the
Two Treatises of Government (written idea of one person, one vote
1679-89, revised 1689, publ. 1690)
James Thomson 1700-1748 The Seasons Melancholy
Castle of Indolence Scotch poet
Edward Young 1684-1765 Night Thoughts
19
Daniel Defoe 1660/1-1731 The True Born Englishman (1701) Fictional travels of Alexander Selkirk. With
Shortest Way with Dissenters (1702) these last two Defoe turned to writing
Hymn to the Pillory (1703) fictional criminal lives
A Journal of the Plague Year (1722) Here he recreated great natural disasters
A Tour through the Whole Island of It is an account of the nations life, town and
Great Britain (1724-25-27) commerce
The Complete English Tradesman
(1725)
The Family Intructor (1715-18) Concern with moral values
Robinson Crusoe (1719) It has often been regarded as the prototype of
Roxana (1722) the English novel
Moll Flanders (1722)
Essay Upon Literature (1726)
Mary Astell 1666-1731 Reflections on Marriage
A Serious Proposal to the Ladies
Mary de la RiviereManley 1663-1724 The Secret History of Queen Zarah and She wrote plays, political satire, fiction and
the Zaraians (1705) journalism
Eliza Haywood 1693-1756 The Secret History of the Present In her epistolary novels, the letter itself is
Intrigues of the Court of Caramania developed as a means of analysis
(issued 1727)
20
Samuel Johnson 1709-1784 A Dictionary of the English Language Lexicographer and miscellaneous writer. One
(publ. 1758) of the supreme figures of English literary
Vanity of Human Wishes (1749) history
Rasselas (1759) Oriental tale, a didactic novel
Lives of the Most Eminent English He was the greatest literary figure in England
Poets (1779-81) between 1745 and 1784
David Hume 1771-1776 Treatise of Human Nature (1739-40) He says that the proper study of mankind
Natural History of Religion (1757) remains man himself. He revealed that
Dialogues Concerning Natural theology is necessarily a branch of
Religion (publ. posthumously in 1779) anthropology and psychology and that neither
Enquiry Concerning the Principles of religion nor reason can be an adequate ground
Morals (1751) formorality and moral judgement has to lie in
23
William Hazlitt 1778-1830 Characters of Shakespeares Plays He constructs a canon that reflects his high
(1817) regard for Pope, Swift and Samuel Butler. He
The English Comic Writers (1819) is among the greatest of critical writers.
The dramatic Literature of the Age of
Elizabeth (1820)
Lectures on the English Poets (1818)
The Spirit of the Age (1825)
The Round Table (1817)
Table Talk (1821-2)
The Plain Speaker (1826)
Literary Remains (1836)
Thomas de Quincey 1785-1859 Confessions of an English Opium Eater This book is a classic of drug literature
The Literature of Knowledge and the
Literature of Power
On the Knocking at the Gate of
Macbeth (essay)
Murder considered as One of the Fine A more ironic concern with horror
Arts
Charles Lamb 1775-1834 Rosamund Gray (1798)
John Woodvil (1802)
32
Thomas Carlyle 1795-1881 Signs of the Times (1828) Here he enveighedagains an industrial culture
which seemed to have mechanized the mind
It may be translated as The Tailor
SartusResartus (1833-4) Refashioned, a metaphor derived from
Swifts A Tale of the Tub
Victorian thinker
The French Revolution (1837) (A
social criticism) Calling the attention of all to the condition-
Chartism (essay) of-England-question
He chose six types as representatives of his
Heroes, Hero-workship and the Heroic ideal: gods, prophets, poets, priests, men of
in History (1841) letters and the king
He painted with vivid imagination the crisis
Past and Present (1843) of mass unemployment amid abundance
An attack on the effects of banning the slave
trade
Occasional Discourse on the Nigger
His great work of his last years
Question (1849)
Reminiscences (1881)
The History of Frederick the Great
(1858-65)
34
John Henry Newman 1801-1890 Tracts for the Times (1833-41) He defended the church against secular
encroachment
An Essay in Aid of a Grammar of
Assent (1870)
Essay on the Development of Christian
Doctrine (1845)
Loss and Gain (1848)
Charles Kingsley 1819-1875 Andromeda Novelist and poet
Hypatia (1853) It was conceived as an attack on Roman
Catholics
The Water Babies (1863) This is the finest of his writings for children
John Stuart Mill 1806-1873 Bentham (essay)
Coleridge (essay)
Utilitarianism (essay)
System of Logic (1843)
Principles of political Economy (1848)
On the Subjection of Women (publ. in
1869)
On Liberty (1859)(essay) It marks a high point of Victorian liberal
thought
Thomas Babington Macaulay 1800-1859 Lays of Ancient Rome (1842)
35
History of England from the Accession It was his most assured popular success
of James II (1849-61) (unfinished)
Harriet Martineau 1802-1876
Charlotte Elizabeth, MrsTonna 1790-1846 Helen Fleetwood (1841) Here she campaigned against abuses in the
employment of women and children
Michael Armstrong, the Factory Boy She presents here a horrific picture of child
(1939-40) exploitation
Charles Dickens 1812-1870 Sketches by Boz (1836) Social novels (London life and struggles of
Pickwick Papers the poor)
Oliver Twist (1837-8) All his novels and tales bear marks of genius
Nicholas Nickleby (1839) and originality
The Old Curiosity Shop (1841)
Barnaby Rudge (1841) Historical novel on the Gordon Riots of 1780
H. Ridder Haggard 1856-1925 Kings Salomons Mines (1885) Archaeological discoveries by imperial
adventures
He introduced the Lost World literary genre
Arthur Hugh Clough 1819-1861
Anna Sewell 1820-1878
Coventry Patmore 1823-1896
Samuel Butler 1825-1902 The Way of All Flesh (publ. 1903, a
year after his death)
Anthony Hope The Prisoner of Zenda (1894) Ruritanian adventure novel
Joseph Conrad 1857-1925 Heart of Darkness (1902) (short story) Polish-born
Lord Jim (1900)
Almayers Folly (publ. 1895)
Under Western Eyes (1911)
Chance (1914)
The Nigger of the Narcissus (1897)
Nostromo (1904)
The Secret Agent (1907)
Lewis Carroll (the pen-name of Charles 1832-1898 Alices Adventures in Wonderland This work contains the most exhilarating and
Lutwidge Dodgson) (1865) challenging series of puns and word games
Sylvie and Bruno (1899) Literature for children. His fictions are
The Hunting of the Snark (1876) largely free from the didactic purposes behind
much Victorian writing for children
George Borrow 1803-1881 The Bible in Spain (1843) A work which shows his profound interest in
languages and his gift for describing vivid
incidents and picturesque personalities
Robert Louis Stevenson (Scottish) 1850-1894 The Strange Case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Adventure novels
Hyde (1886)
Kidnapped (1886) Fast-paced historical novel
Treasure Island (1883) Pirate adventure
The Master of Ballantrae (1889)
Wier of Hermiston (1897) Unfinished at his death, it survives as a
fragment
Beatrix Potter 1866-1943 The Tale of Peter Rabbit (1902) Childrens books featuring animal characters.
She is considered the greatest creator of the
animal world for the children of the late 19th
C.
Alfred, Lord Tennyson 1809-1892 Idyls of the King (publ. between 1859 Poet Laureate during Queens Victorias
and 1885) reign
The Princess (1847) Dramatic monologue
In Memorian
45
Maud (1855)
Enoch Arden
Poems by Two Brothers (1827)
Poems (1833)
Robert Browning 1812-1889 Poems (1833) Dramatic monologue
Men and Women (1855) Serious approach to religious problems is
evident in this collection of poems
Pauline (1833)
Paracelsus (1835) Paracelsus is a Faust-like figure aspiring to
universal knowledge
Sordello (1840) It marks his first complete success with the
dramatic monologue
My Last Duchess (1846)
Dramatis Personae (1864) This is his triumphant vindication of the
dramatic monologue
The Ring and the Book (1868-9)
Elizabeth Barret Browning 1806/9-1861 Sonnets from the Portuguese (1850) Her verse appeals to a limited class of readers
(publ. in Poems) She used the sonnet form
Casa Guidi Windows (1851) Verse novel. It discusses issues of gender,
Aurora Leigh (1857) class and the relation of art to politics
46
Matthew Arnold 1822-1888 Culture and Anarchy (1869) Here he discussed social and political issues
It is essentially a series of dramatic
Empedocles on Edna (1852) monologues
Poet and essayist
The Scholar Gipsy
Essays on Criticism (1865)
Mixed Essays (1879)
The Study of Poetry
St Paul and Protestantism (1870)
Literature and Dogma (1873)
God and the Bible (1875)
Dante Gabriel Rossetti 1828-1882 Sister Helen He wrote sonnets. He belongs to the Pre-
Poems (1870) Raphaelite Brotherhood. Their name
Ballads and Sonnets (1881) suggests their interest in the Gothic
The House of Life
Rose Mary
William Morris 1834-1896 The Defence of Guenevere and Other It remains a highly original contribution to
Poems (1858) Victorian Gothic
The Life and Death of Jason (1867)
The Story of the Glittering Plain (1891)
The Earthly Paradise (1868-70)
47
The Man Who Would Be King (1901) Popular writer of the early years of the 20th C.
Kim (1901) Poem
If (1895)
George Douglas Brown (Scottish) The House with the Green Shutters
(publ. 1902)
Mark Rutherford (real name: William Hale 1831-1913 The Autobiography of mark Rutherford
White) (publ. 1881)
George Gissing 1857-1903 The Private Papers of Henry Ryecroft
(1903)
New Grub Street (1891)
The Unclassed (1884)
Thyrza (1887)
Isabel Clarendon (1886)
The Nether World (1889)
Born in Exile (1892)
The Odd Women (1893)
In the Year of the Jubilee (1894)
A Lifes Morning (1885)
George Moore (Irish) 1852-1933 Esther Waters (1894)
A Mummers Wife (1885)
Confessions of a Young Man (1888)
54
D. H. Lawrence 1885-1930 The Rainbow (1915) Fundamental Lawrentian idea: the belief that
Lady Chatterleys Lover (1928) modern men and women are ruinously
The Plumed Serpent (1926) trapped between nature and civilization
Kangaroo (19239
Aarons Rod Autobiographical masterpiece
Sons and Lovers (1913) Conflict, transcendence and the hope of
The White Peacock (1910) spiritual fulfilment become central
Women in Love Lawrentian themes
The Trespasser (1912)
Mr Noon (publ. 1984) Wonderful volume of verse
Look! We Have Come Through! (1917)
Study of Thomas Hardy (written 1914)
Psychoanalysis of the Unconscious
(1921)
Fantasia of the Unconscious (1922)
Sea and Sardinia (1921)
Birds, Beasts and Flowers (1923)
Last Poems (1932) Magnificent collection of poems
Apocalypse (1931)
James Joyce 1882-1941 Ulysses (publ. 1922) He uses the stream of consciousness
Finnegans Wake (1939) technique
Autobiographical novel
59
William Faulkner The Sound and the Fury (1929) He uses the stream of consciousness
technique
Nobel Prize in 1949
Ronald Firbank 1886-1926 Concerning the Eccentricities of
Cardinal Pirelli (1926)
Norman Douglas 1868-1952 South Wind (1917) Conversational novels
David Garnett Lady into Fox (1922)
Edith Sitwell 1887-1964 Faade (1922)
Percy Wyndham Lewis 1882-1957 Tarr (1918)
Eugene ONeill 1888-1953 Anna Christie Pulitzer Prize in 1922
Desire Under the Elms (1924)
Strange Interlude Pulitzer Prize in 1928
Mourning Becomes Electra (1931)
F. R. Leavis 1895-1978 Culture and Environment (1933) Collaboration of Denys Thompson
Bearings in English Poetry (1932)
Revaluation (1936)
Many major critics and important critical
works emerged from these decades, and
English literature was now beginning to
attract some of the finest academic minds of
the time
61
Christopher Isherwood 1904-1986 All the Conspirators (1928) His early novels also deal with the effects of
The Memorial (1932) totalitarianism. These two first novels present
the emotional paralysis, the sense of personal
and social neurosis
Norris Changes Trains (1935) Evokes the underlying violence of a country
racked by unemployment
Goodbye to Berlin (1939) A corrupt society preparing for war and the
extermination camps is portrayed
Prater Violet (1946) Contains visions of a carastrophic horror of a
nation corrupted by a cult based upon the
most complex system of dogmas concerning
the real nature of the Fuehrer
Ivy Compton-Burnett 1892-1969 Men and Wives (1931) She suggests the emotional suffocation of
Parents and Children (1941) women in love
Rosamund Lehmann 1901- Dusty Answer (1927)
The Echoing Grove (1953)
Elizabeth Bowen 1899-1973 The Death of the Heart (1938)
Henry Green (pseudonym of Henry Vincent 1905-1973 Party Going (publ. in the month that
Yorke) the Second World War broke out)
Blindness (1926)
Living (1929)
63
Anthony Powell 1905- A Dance to the Music of Time Twelve-volume cycle of novels
Afternoon Men (1931)
Venusburg (1932) Here political and social insecurity and the
sense of a decayed culture is portrayed
Theodore Dreiser An American Tragedy American
Dos Passos American novelist
Ernest Hemingway American novelist
Scott Fitzgerald The Great Gatsby (1925) American novelist
John Steinbeck American novelist
Hugh Mac Diarmid (Christopher Murray 1892-1978 Sangschaw (1925) Scottish poet
Grieve)
Hugh Walpole Mr. Perrin and Mr. Traill (1911)
Compton Mackenzie Sinister Street (appeared in 1913-14)
J. D. Beresford The History of Jacob Stahl (appeared
in 1911)
Evelyn Waugh 1903-1966 Decline and Fall (1928) Pre-war novels
Vile Bodies (1930) It captures the desperate hedonism of the
decade
Black Mischief (1932) She continued publishing significant work
A Handful of Dust (1934) during the next period (the 21st Century)
Brideshead Revisited (1945)
64
Endgame (1958)
Krapps Last Tape (1959)
Happy Days (1960) Perhaps his greatest theatrical invention
Daphne du Maurier 1907-1989 Rebecca (1938)
Jamaica Inn (1937)
The Loving Spirit (1931)
My Cousin Rachel (1951)
Vernon Watkins 1906- Has written about the landscapes and people
of Wales
R. S. Thomas 1913- Has also written about Wales
John Heath-Stubbs 1918-
George Barker 1913-
David Gascoyne 1916-
Edwin Muir 1887-1959
Andrew Young 1885-1971 Poetry
Kathleen Raine 1908-
David Jones 1895-1974 The Anathemata (1952)
Lawrence Durrell 1912-1991 The Alexandria Quartet (1957-60)
Bernard Spencer 1909-
Terence Teller 1916-
67
Robert Graves I, Claudius (publ. 1934) For these novels, he invented the imaginary
Claudius the God (publ. 1934) historical autobiography
Wife to Mr Milton (1943) Example of stylistic pastiche and literary
criticism
The Greek Myths (1955) He wrote some of the finest love poetry of the
The White Goddess (1948) 20th century. For him, writing poetry was thus
Poems 1938-45 a central spiritual exercise
Alun Lewis 1915-1944 Poet of the Second World War
Keith Douglas 1920-1943
Sydney Keyes 1922-1943
Richard Hughes 1900-1976 The Human Predicament (1961-73) Unfinished series
The Fox in the Attic (1961) These two are among the greatest
The Wooden Shepherdess (1973)
achievement of post-war British fiction
A High Wind in Jamaica (1929)
In Hazzard (1938) His first novel
Olivia Manning 1908-1980 The Balkan Trilogy (1960-65)
The Levant Trilogy (1977-80)
J. G. Farrell 1935-1979 The Siege of Krishnapur (1970) Deals with Britain retrest from her imperial
role and her relation to India
Paul Scott 1920-1978 The Raj Quartet (1966-75)
Staying On (1977)
L. P. Hartley 1895-1972 Eustace and Hilda (1944-7) A trilogy
68
John Osborne Look Back in Anger (1956) Angry young men: members of an artistic
movement using a style of social realism
which depicts the domestic lives of the
working class and explores social and
political issues.
Harold Pinter 1930- The Birthday Party (1958) Influenced by Samuel Beckett
The Dumb Waiter (publ. 1960)
The Caretaker (publ. 1960)
A Night Out (1961)
Landscape (1968)
No Mans Land (1975)
Tom Stoppard 1937- Rosencranty and Guildenstern are Influenced by Samuel Beckett
Dead (1966)
Michael Frayn 1933- Playwright and novelist
Caryl Churchill Top Girls (1982) Playwright
Alan Ayckbourn Absurd Person Singular (1972)
Seamus Heaney 1939- Death of a Naturalist (1966) Poet
Wintering Out (1972)
North (1975)
Field Work (1979)
Station Island (1984) Eponymous verses
77