PROJECT 2

BUILDING SERVICES DIARY

ELECTRICAL SUPPLY SYSTEM
WATER SUPPLY SYSTEM
SEWERAGE AND SANITARY SYSTEM
RAINWATER/ SURFACE DRAINAGE SYSTEM

BUILDING SERVICES
BLD 60903 / ARC 2423

PREPARED BY :
CHONG KIT YEE 0319748

TUTOR : MR. AZIM

Content

1. Introduction to Project

2. Electrical Supply
2.1 Introduction
2.2 Components of system
2.3 Operation system
2.4 Rules, regulation and system

3. Water Supply
3.1 Introduction
3.2 Components of system
3.3 Operation system
3.4 Rules, regulation and system

4. Sewerage and Sanitary System

4.1 Introduction
4.2 Components of system
4.3 Operation system
4.4 Rules, regulation and system

5. Rainwater / Surface Water Drainage System

5.1 Introduction
5.2 Components of system
5.3 Operation system
5.4 Rules, regulation and system

6. Drawing

7. Conclusion

8. References
Introduction to Project

In this project, I was assigned to apply building services systems to our Studio 4
Project. I have to demonstrate my understanding of electrical supply system cold
water and hot water supply system, sewerage and sanitary system and rainwater/
surface water drainage system. I am able to understand about the basic principles,
equipment and process of how a school should be. Moreover, I am able to
understand more with how a system should show in plan and familiarize the
standard for different building services system in different laws.

I am able to illustrate our understanding into accommodating spaces and

components required for installation building services.
Electrical Supply
2.1 Introduction

The sole provider for electricity supply in Malaysia is TNB (Tenaga Nasional Berhad)
which mainly uses coal, oil and gas to generate the electrical power. They generate,
transmit, distribute and sell energy to consumer throughout Peninsular Malaysia.

Figure 2.1.1 Electricity delivered from Power Station (TNB) to household

(http://www.lapsedphysicist.org/2014/07/17/grids-smart-grids-and-more-grids-whats-coming/)

A to B : Power Station generates electricity and transfer to electrical substation by

passing through transmission pylon and transmission grid

B to D : From transmission grid to transmission substation, electric power may flow

through several substations at different voltage levels. Then from transmission
substation to distribution substation, it converts high voltage to low or reverse

D to C or F : After substation electricity deliver to feeder pillar which is a cabinet that

controlling the electrical supply in a neighbourhood
2.2 Components of system

a) Distribution Board b) Electric Meter

c) Downlight d) Ceiling fan

d) Single switched socket e) 13A Double Switched Socket

f) Switch
2.3 Operation System

2.4 Rules, regulation & by Laws

1. Regulation 15 : Apparatus, conductor, accessories, etc

Any conductor of apparatus that is exposed to the weather, water, corrosion under
heating or used in inflammation surroundings or in an explosive atmosphere shall be
conducted or protected in such a manner as to prevent danger.

2. Regulation 16 : Switch, Switch Fuse, Circuit Breaker, Fuse, etc

Any fuse or circuit breaker shall be :
- Constructed and arranged in such a manner so as to break the current when
it exceeds the given value for a sufficient time to prevent danger.
- Constructed, guarded or placed in such a manner as to prevent danger or
overheating or from the scattering or hot metal and other substances.

Reasoning
- To ensure the safety of the building as well as the occupants.
- Appliances with higher voltages may be used safely.
3.0 Water Supply
3.1 Introduction

Treated water is use for daily activities such as cleansing, washing, and plumbing.
However, for drinking water we needs extra treatment. To ensure a constant flow of
water supply, a proper water distribution system is needed. There are three types of
distribution system, gravity distribution system, pumped distribution system and
gravity & pumped combination system.

Figure 3.1.1 Gravity & pump combination system

http://www.cia-engineers.com/portfolio/water-distribution-system-optimization-for-metro-water-service
s

A to B : Pumped is used to get water from the source to the treatment plant and the
reservoir

C to D : Gravity distribution system is used when it reach water tower and distribute
to the service area
3.2 Components of system
a) Gate Valve
Prevent the flow of water that
saves energy & reduces total cost
c) Meter
Measure the volume used that
supplied by Syabas
b) Stop Cock
Located at multiple fittings for
maintenance and repairs. It
control flow of water as well
d) HDPE Water Tank
High density polyethylene
(HDPE) tanks helps to
overcome persistent
compression problems & for
storing waters before
distribute to other appliances
 e) Heater Tank f) PVC Pipe (Class D)

g) Copper Pipe
3.3 Operating System

Used two types of distributions system which are direct and indirect distribution
system. Direct water is used for the kitchen area, water distributed directly from the
water supply.

While indirect water system is used in the other area, water from the reservoir goes
to the overhead tank and distributed into different area by gravity. The presence of a
water tank benefits the supply of water would not be disrupted in the event of a
failure at the main supply. Also, water enters the building slowly to fill up the tanks
and created a low pressure in the pipe work, smaller pipes can be used and no
tendency of pipe bursting. All of the small pipe were connected with stop cock to
easily control water flow and maintenance purpose.

For hot water distribution, the cold water from water tank go into heater tank and
starts to warm up. As the water heats, it rises to the top of the tank. The heat-out
pipe is located near the top of the tank. Water exiting the water heater at the top is
always the hottest in the tank and is distributed to all service area through copper
pipe.

Figure 3.3.1 Diagrammatic sanitary fitting layout

3.4 Rules, Regulation & by Laws

1. UBBL by law 84 : Prevention of Dampness

Suitable measures must be taken to prevent the penetration of dampness and
moisture into the building.

2. UBBL by law 89 : Chases

And chase made in a wall for pipe and other services facilities shall leave the wall at
the back of the chase not less than 100mm thick in the external walls and not les
than 100mm party wall shall not be wider than 200mm.

3. UBBL by law 123 : Pipes & Services Ducts

Allow adequate spaces for the accommodation of the pipes, cables or conduits, and
for the crossing or branches and mains together with support fixings.

4. Syarikat Berkalan Air (Syabas)

It is responsible to regulate the services for the existing water supply system

Reasoning
- Water tanks are placed on the top of the building (roof), allowing water to flow
through gravity
- PVC pipes are commonly used as communication and distribution pipes in a
building, due to its effectiveness & durability as well as its low cost.
4.0 Sewerage and Sanitary System
4.1 Introduction

Sewerage and sanitary system is a network of pipes, pumps, drains and manhole in
underground to carry wastewater or sewerage from a community to treatment plant
or disposal. Wastewater is drained and separated into blackwater and greywater.
Blackwater consist of product from sanitary usages, urine and flush water from toilets
while greywater is the wastewater generates from basin, washing machine and
bathing. They are two types of sewage treatment method, individual and communal.

Septic tank is use for individual treatment, it constructed underground and provide
partial treatment. Raw sewage flows into septic tanks and solid or sludge sink to the
bottom, grease floats to the top which called scum. Scum prevents oxygen from
dissolving the sewage. Desludging need to be carry out to ensure it function
efficiently.

For communal treatment method, is connected to sewage treatments plants via an

underground network of sewer pipes, pump station, sewage treatment plant and
sludge treatment facilities that treat the sewage before discharge.

Figure 4.1.1 Indah Water Konsortium (IWK) sewage treatment process

http://www.thestar.com.my/metro/community/2016/10/17/iwk-to-close-500-plants-in-klang-valley-sewe
rage-company-plans-to-upgrade-remaining-facilities-to-in/
4.2 Components of system

a) Manhole b) UPVC Pipe

A top opening to an underground utility

vault and is an access point for making
inspections, connection or performing
maintenance.

c) Floor trap d) Gully

To collect wastewater from toilets To carry wastewater

and kitchen. discharge from floor trap
and connect to the nearest
drain or sewer.
 e) P trap
Installed under the sinks and traps debris that has drained
from the sink and prevents it from forming a clog deep.

f) Grease Trap g) Vent cowl

Designed to intercept most greases Supply & exhaust the smell

And solids before they enter a from spreading into the
Wastewater disposal system. building.
4.3 Operation system

Those sanitary components found in toilets such as floor traps, gully, grease trap
and etc allow users to dispose excreta and urine into the sewage system. Firstly,
basins are connected to the P trap to prevent sewer gases from entering the
buildings. This trap are located below the basin and retains small amount of water to
creates a water seal which stop soul gases going back. Wastewater run down from
basin to P trap and to floor trap, that places inside the toilet as well. This trap is
provided in the floor to collect wastewater.

All of these floor traps are connected to another gully trap that constructed outside
the building. Gully traps used to carry wastewater and connect to the nearest
building drain or sewer. While for the kitchen, it have the same process in toilets but
right before gully trap wastewater need to pass through grease trap. Grease trap is
to filter out most of the greases from going into wastewater. It cools and harden
grease and oil to float to the top of the trap. While the rest of the wastewater flows
out the trap and go to gulley traps. Moreover, water closets are directly connected to
the manhole.

Manholes provide access to sewer for maintenance equipment on underground.

Before all of the wastewater goes to manhole there is a vent pipe. This is to ensure
water to flow smoothly and carry odour out of the school. At last, all of these
wastewater will be going through Indah Water Konsortium (IWK) treatment process.

Figure 4.3.1 Diagrammatic plumbing layout

4.4 Rules, regulation and system

1. Indah water konsortium (IWK)

Its responsible to regulate the services for the existing sewage system

2. Section 57 : Water pipes, etc. Not to be used as ventilation shafts

No water pipe, stack pipe or downpipe to be used for conveying surface water from
any premises shall be used or be permitted to serve or to act as ventilation shafts to
any drain or sewer.

3. Sewerage Services Act 508

And act to demand and consolidate the laws relation to sewage systems and
sewage services throughout Malaysia for the purpose of improving sanitation and the
environment and public health and to provide for matters.

Reasoning
UPVC pipe are used for both waste pipes and soil pipes as it is more durable more
cost efficient than others.
5.0 Rainwater & Surface Water Drainage System
5.1 Introduction

The rainwater and surface water management helps reduces flood damage by
carrying water away. When it rains, water naturally run down from roof and seeps
into the ground. Rainwater and surface water is required to collect the discharge
from roof and paved area and transfer into rivers or sewage system through
drainage.

Figure 5.1.1 Example of drainage system of a house

(http://townofwhiteland.com/departments/sewer-department)
5.2 Components of system

a) Gutter b) Rainwater downpipe

Installed on the eaves of the roof, Extend down to ground level and
collects rainwater from the roof channelled down and away from the
and diverts to rainwater downpipe buildings.

c) Sump

Collect undesirable liquids such as

Chemicals and water
5.3 Operation system

Rainwater flows down from roof to gutter, it collect and divert the rainwater from the
roof to protect the buildings foundation and also prevent leakage and reduce the
load on roof. After that, rainwater will be diverted from gutter to downpipe.

Downpipe directly transfer rainwater from roof to ground. This lead rainwater away
from the building's foundation to prevent flooding around the building. To prevent
flooding and damage of the building, we have to make sure the downpipe work
properly and away from clog.

After passing through the downpipe, rainwater flows into drain and sump which
manage surface runoff water and recharge underground aquifers. Lastly, water flows
to manhole.

Figure 5.3.1 Diagrammatic rainwater and surface water layout

5.4 Rules, regulation and system

Law of Malaysia Act 133 : Streets, drainage and building act of 1974
1. Section 56 : Rainwater pipes not to be used as soil pipes
No pipes used for the carrying off a rainwater from any roof shall be used for the
purpose of carrying off the soil or drainage from any privy or rainwater closet or any
sullage water.

2. Section 57 : Water pipes, etc. Not to be used as ventilation shafts

No water pipe, stack pipe or downpipe to be used for conveying surface water from
any premises shall be used or be permitted to serve or to act as ventilation shafts to
any drain or sewer.

3. Section 62 : Ventilating pipes to sewers

The local authority may erect or fix to any building such as pipes as are necessary
for the proper ventilation of the drains and sewers belonging to it.

4. UBBL by Law 115 :

All roofs of building shall be constructed as to drain effectively to sufficient channels,
gutters, chutes or troughs which shall be provided in accordance with the
requirements of these By- Laws for receiving and conveying all water which may fall
on and from the roof.

Reasoning
A separate drainage system is used so that there will be no overloading problems
during heavy rain.
6.0 Drawings
7.0 Conclusion

In a nutshell, all of the services play an important roles and rely on each other to
make sure the building appliances works well. For example, water supply system
and rainwater drainage system are actually connected one an another, both of them
were transfer to wastewater treatment plant. After completing this project, I am able
to identify relevant information related to all those system above. Other than that, I
learnt how to resolve issues related to specific building services systems. For
example, how to avoid water piping clash together and reduce the sizes of piping. In
future, I wish I could understand more about all these systems and uses it more
effectively.
8.0 References

Rainwater Downpipes. (n.d.). Retrieved July 05, 2017, from

http://www.mhcgutters.com/products/rainwater-downpipes/

Sump. (2017, June 23). Retrieved July 05, 2017, from

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sump

Drainage sewerage disposal and treatment. (2016). [ebook] Subang Jaya. Available
at:
https://www.slideshare.net/E185/sem-2-drainage-sewerage-disposal-and-treatment
[Accessed 5 Jul. 2017].

P. (n.d.). Drawings. Retrieved July 05, 2017, from

https://www.pub.gov.sg/drainage/appendicesanddrawings

Plumbing FAQ. (n.d.). Retrieved July 05, 2017, from

http://www.aceplumbing.com/plumbing-faq/what_is_the_purpose_of_a_p-trap

Joshua Lee, Student at Taylor's University Sdn Bhd Follow. (2016, June 10). UBBL
1984 pdf. Retrieved July 05, 2017, from
https://www.slideshare.net/JoshuaLee68/ubbl-1984-pdf

Lecture Slide