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HULK
Metamorphism
Meta: Greek word for changed.
Note:
Derajat metamorfisme mengacu pada kondisi
(terutama) suhu
Proses metamorfosa/malihan dipengaruhi oleh komposisi
batuan asal dan kondisi metamorfosis.
Kondisi metamorfisme
Penyebab metamorfisme
Suhu
Tekanan:
1. lithostatic - P seragam ke segala arah, dikarenakan
beban tindihan batuan ; 1 kb (0.1 GPa) = 3.3 km
kedalaman.
2. differential (deviatoric) P tidak seragam pada arah
berbeda; menghasilkan struktures batuan metamorfik.
Fluida:
didominasi H2O CO2. berasal dari reaksi metamorfik
(internal) or fluida magmatik (external).
memungkinkan terdapat tekanan fluida
Jenis Metamorfisme
High P/ low T
Memperkiraan Suhu dan Tekanan
Derajat metamorfik : sangat rendah rendah
sedang tinggi
sangat rendah ~ 150 - 325 C
rendah ~ 325 - 510 C
sedang ~ 510 - 625 C
tinggi > 625 C
1.6
Kyanite Medium
Sillimanite
pressure metamorphism
Andalusite
Thermal metamorphism
Types of Protolith
pirometamorphism
Contact Metamorphic Rocks
T = ~300 700 0C
P = ~100 bars 3 kbars
Texture:
granoblastic or hornfelsic
Facies:
- Albite-epidote hornfels
- Hornblende hornfels
- Pyroxene hornfels
Contact Metamorphic Rocks
Contact Metamorphic Rocks
Regional Metamorphic Rocks
High P/ low T
Metamorfisme Regional
P tinggi, T
rendah
Paired Metamorphic Belts
2. Bentuk mineral
Euhedral idioblastik
Anhedral xenoblastik
TEKSTUR & STRUKTUR
2. Bentuk mineral
4. Porfiroblast (porphyroblasts)
5. Poikiloblast
Mineral yang mempunyai banyak inklusi (mineral
lainnya) di dalamnya.
Disebabkan karena perbedaan kecepatan
rekristalisasi sehingga suatu mineral melingkupi
mineral-mineral lainnya yg lebih kecil disekelilingnya.
TEKSTUR & STRUKTUR
6. Non-foliasi
Granoblastik
Mainly large mineral grains that have crystallised at the same
time, and therefore, penetrate each other (e.g. quartzite).
Hornfels
Compact, finely grained rock that shatters into sharply
fragments (e.g. hornfels).
Recrystallization:
Minimization of interfacial free energy by minimizing surface area
Recrystallization
Crack
Crack Crack
Quartz grain
Marble
Quartzite
TEKSTUR & STRUKTUR
6. Non-foliasi
Decussate
The rock shows randomly oriented interlocking tabular/prismatic
mineral
7. Foliasi
a. Compositional layering
b. Preferred orientation of platy minerals
c. Shape of deformed grains
d. Grain size variation
e. Preferred orientation of platy minerals
in a matrix without preferred
orientation
f. Preferred orientation of lenticular
mineral aggregates
g. Preferred orientation of fractures
h. Combinations of the above
Mika yang berjajar
METAMORPHIC ROCKS FOLIATION STRUCTURES
SLATY
Finely crystalline rock in which minerals, such as mica, are ali gned paralle to
one another, which means that the rock splints readlily along the mica
cleavage planes (e.g. slate).
SCHISTOSE
Minerals such as mica, chlorite and hornblende are aligned in easily visible
parallel bands and, because of their platy alignment, the rock s plits easily (e.g.
schist).
GNEISSOSE (Banding)
Characterised by a coarse foliation in well-defined bands with individual
bands several centimetres across -- indeed, the foliation may wrap aound
larger crystals, as in Augen gneiss -- and all the minerals are coarsely granular
and readily identifiable (e.g. gneiss).
Slate
Phyllite
Schist
Gneiss
Schist
Augen gneiss
Analysis of Deformed Rocks
8. Cataclastic
9. Relict textures
Inherited from original rock
Blasto- = relict
Any degree of preservation
Pseudomorphs of minerals or pre-
metamorphic textures/structures
Remnants of ophitic texture in low-grade
metamorphic rock (greenschist facies: chlorite,
epidote, quartz)
Pyroxene
(augite) Actinolite
Quartz
vein
1.Batuan asal
2.Mineralogi metamorfik
3.Tekstur metamorfik
4.Tekstur dan mineralogi
5.Nama spesial
Klasifikasi Berdasar batuan asal
Basalt Metabasite
Limestone Marble
Argillaceous or
Metapelite
claystone
Arenaceous or
Metapsammite
sandstone
METAPSAMIT
(META BATUPASIR)
MARBLE (MARMER)
Klasifikasi Berdasar Mineralogi
Ukuran mineral
Tekstur
halus Medium kasar
granulit granulit
Tidak berfoliasi atau sedikit marmer marmer
hornfels
foliasi kuarsit kuarsit
amfibolit
berfoliasi Slate, filit sekis genis
Sangat berfoliasi augen
filonit milonit
tergeruskan gneiss
FOLIASI
TIDAK YA
Hornfels Amfibolit Marmer Kuarsit Eklogit Granulit Slate Filit Milonit Sekis Genis
filonit
Migmatik
GNEISS
MILONIT
Klasifikasi Penamaan Khusus
- Suatu percampuran batuan sekis atau genis dengan urat-urat granitoid (materi
Migmatite
feldspatokuarsa)
- Hasil metasomatisme dimana Si, Al, Fe dan Mg ditambahkan oleh suatu intrusi.
Marmer tidak murni dan mengandung glosularit, epidot. Tremolit
Skarn
- Terbentuk oleh perubahan komposisi pada batuan induknya yang berdekatan
dengan kontak batuan beku.
EKLOGIT
Batuan metamorfik berkomposisi terutama garnet dan
Omfasit (piroksen klino hijau), tanpa plagioklas dengan
Sedikit kuarsa, kianit, amfibol, zoisit dan rutil
EKLOGIT
MIGMATIT
Batuan metamorfik sekis atau genis berselang seling dengan urat-urat
batuan beku berkomposisi feldspar-kuarsa
GRANULIT
Batuan metamorfik bercirikan textur granoblastik, berukuran seragam,
kristal sempurna poligonal, mineral paragenesis suhu tinggi (feldspar,
piroksen, amfibol)
GRANULIT PIROKSEN
Penamaan dari beberapa kriteria
Andalusite hornfels
Hornfels
Hornfels
Rocks close to a large igneous intrusion are heated to high temp eratures but
not deformed. Their minerals change, but they tend not to develo p a new
banding or cleavage. This makes a hard, fine -grained rock called a hornfels.
This example, a pyroxene hornfels, was formed from a basalt lava. The
minerals are plagioclase, pyroxene, and an opaque oxide. Field o f view 2.5 mm.
Hornfels
Rocks close to a large igneous intrusion are heated to high temp eratures but not deformed.
This makes a hard, fine-grained rock called a hornfels. This example was a fine-grained
sedimentary rock, and the horizontal banding is the original sed imentary layering. There are
many small mica flakes, but they do not lie parallel to one anot her, as they would in a schist.
Field of view 2.5 mm.
Prehnite-pumpellyite facies.
This sample contains prehnite
and pumpellyite.
Metamorfisme tekanan sedang
(gradien geothermal tinggi)
1. Andalusit
2. Sillimanit
3. Staurolit
4. Kordierit
5. Hornblende
6. Biotit
7. Hipersten
8. Diopsid - Augit
9. K Feldspar
Greenschist facies (chlorite, epidote, actinolite)
Amphibolite facies (plagioclase, hornblende, and quartz)
Metamorfisme tekanan tinggi
(gradien geothermal rendah)