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VI3BOp: J.RStock, D.M.LambertStrategic Logistics Management, Mc Grow Hill/

N. Barac. G. Milovanovic LJprJvlpnje PoslOVJlOIl1 Logistlkom. Ekonomski FJkultet - Ni;.
Irwin, Intemational edition, 200 I, p. 56
Ni~. 200n. str.116
B.J.La Lunde, M.e. Cooper, T.G. Noordewier: Customer Service: A jybnagemcnl
-'.1
perspective (Chicago: Council of Logistics Management, 1988. p.S
53
52
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24 DpHnarcqCf[u rrpC\r~l R I) C);'KHI(. C. Ahv!\[()IHfK: l\IapKcTHHf nOfIfCTHKa, E<D M. Christopher: Logistics and Supply Chain Management, Prentice Hall, London,
Dcorp<'l)(. hC()rpa)(, "L
2()1) .. ell' l))

1998 , p. 39
26 HCWl, crp.3LJ

54
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56 57
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libBOp: M. Christopher: Logistlcs and Supply Chain Management, Prentice Hall, IIpOJJ;aBaYOT H KynyRaYOT, a KyrryBaLJHTC KOlT ce 3a.I\OBOJIHH 1'0 nmpaT
London, 1998, p. 44 CROCTO 3aJ~OB0J1CTBO H npHJ~OHCCYBaaT ),a ce 3rOJICMI1 6pOjOT Ha HORM
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Kyrryna ~fH.

27 M Christopher: Logistics and Supply Ch~in Management. Prentice Hall, London,

1998 , p. 44

58 S9
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60 61
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30 M. Christopher: Logistics and Supply Chain Management, Prentice Hall, London,
1998. p 59

65
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32 lR.Stock, D.M,Lal11bert:Strate:gic Logistics Management, Me Grov/ Hill/ Irwin, Lambert 1\lO)KaT na cc McpaT H KOHTpOJIHpaaT co:
International edition, 200 I. p, I 10

6~ 69
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70 71
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73
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Stock H Llmbcrt -1 6H tvl0A<ena JJ:a ce CBeLI,H Ha Toa LI,eKa 3anHXHTe:
6nH3y go MeCTOTO Ha nOTpowyBaI.JKa.
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3. OB03MOA<ysaaT cneU;HjanH3au,lIja BO rrpoH3BoJJ:CTBOTO
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lJ,HKnycoT Ha nopa I.IKII
4. 3aLUiuuiua 00 lle1l3eecIlociii Ila iio6apyea'lKaiiia
5. CnyA<aT KaKO a!VwpuI3ep nOMery COOJJ:HOCHTe BO paMKHTe Ha
Bo C.HTyaU;Hja Kora ce OYeKyBa 3roneMYBaIbe Ha lJ,eH.HTe Ha
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1. 0ciii 6 apye{llbe eKOllo.Jtuja Ila o6e.M
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eKoHoMuja Ha 06eM BO KyrrySafheTO, TpaHcrropToT H rrpOl13s0Jl,CTBOTO. Ha
so rrpeKyMepHa KOnvPIJIHa.
npHMep, 3anHXHTe so CypOBHHH ce HeonxogHH aKO np01I3S0p;HTenOT caKa
CornaCHO npJFIJIHHTe 3a O,Il,pA<ysaI-be 3anHXH Ha CypOBHHH
p;a OCTBapH npep;HOCT npeKY HaManyB,Hbe Ha u,eHaTa no eJI;HHHu;a
(06e36ep;yBal-Le KOHTJlHyJITeT Ha npou;eCOT Ha npOH3Bop;CTBO),
rrpOIr.mop; Ha KyneHaTa KOJIHI.IHHa Ha CypOSHHH.
TpOWOll,HTe 3a lIyBaH,e 3anHXH Tpe6a LI,a ce cnopeAaT co OCTBapCHHTe
MeryToa, Kora KyneH<.IT<.I KonHI.IHHa e oc06eHo roneMa, HajI.leCTO
3aWTep;11 Hnl1 rraK co Tpowou,vITe KOH He CC HanpaBJIne 3apap;H 1'oa WTO
JI;or0I30pOT 3a KynyB,Hbe ce H3foTByBa Ha rOJJ:HwHo HHBO, a He 3a
HMaJlO 3anHXH.
noo;u~enHa IlopaI.IKa. KyneHHTc M<'lTCpjarnr I1r.ra<.lT nOHHCKH TpaHcrIOp1'HH

q J.R.Stock,D.M. Lambcrt:Stralegic Logistics Management, f'v1c Crow Hill!Irwin,

International edition. 200 I, p.228

74 75
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3aJ1uxuiTle Ha LlOJ1yLipOll3BOOll II .McuuepjaJ111 KOH ce LJyBaaT

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MO:>Ke p;a p;ojp;e P;O 3rOJIeMYBaE-be Ha TpOWOU;HTe lIJlH naK HaMaJlYBaE-be Ha
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Ha sepojJTHOCTa og HcgoenIr Ha rrpOH3S0P;H K3KO PC3YJIT3T HJ
Hcrrpep;sHgeHJ rroOapYBa4Ka. TeHp;eHq~3 e 3aJIHXlITe p;J ce LJysaaT Ha
OnTHMaJIHO HHSO COrJTaCHO co 0'IeKYBaH3T3 rr06apys3~[Ka.

5. A.Mopiiiu3ep Illl3 cna6i)Y8allKliolu Cllll(LUP

3aJHIXHTe ce ~IYB3aT HH3 ClIHUHpOT 3a Aa fa aMopnBHpaJT
CJlep;HHSe KPlITlI~IHH COOgHOCI1:

nOHyp;ysa~[ - KynySJq
Kyrrys3E-be - rrpoH3sogCTBO
npOH3S0P;CTSO - MapKeTHHf


MapKeTHHr - L~lICTPHOYL~Hja
P;HCTpH6yll,Hja - nocpep;mIIW
ITorHCnJIIKll TeK
HOrHCTHQKH TeK
HLlHanpen
HaHc13an

rrOCpep;HHlI,H - KynyBaII/KopaCHlIK
EHp;ejKlI LJJIeHOBHTC Ha cHa6Jl,ysJLJKHOT CHHUHp CC reorpaepCKH :YbBUP: J .R.Stuck. D.NI.Lambert: Strategic Logistics Management. Mc Gruw Hill/
pJ3geJICHJ1 HeorrXO)J,HO e ga ce ~[YBaaT 3aJIHXlI RIB CIIHUHpOT 3a ycneuIHo Irwin, International edition, 2001, p. 231
Aa ce OCTsapH caKaH3Ta KOpHCHOCT BO BpeMC H MCCTO.

77
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78 79
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Bnp 03Hat.IyBa epaKTOp Ha pH3HK Bp3aH 3a HecHrypHocTa Ha nOTpe6HTe BO pC3CpBHH II TeKOBHH 3aJIHXH.
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pa60TH 3a KopeKTHBH Ha MHHHMaJIHHTe 3aJIHXH. He e CJIyt.IajHo WTO Ha eplIpMaTa.
rrOenHHe"lfHHTe aBTopH cHrypHocHaTa 3aJIHXa Ja H3enHaQYBaaT co CnpCMa Toa, 06pa3eIJ,OT 3a npccMcTyBatbC Ha MaKCHMaJIHHTC
MHHHMaJIHaTa. 3aJIlIXII Mo~e na H3fJICna BaKa:
3aJIHXHTe Ha TprOBCKHTe rrpeTrrpHjaTHja ce cocTojaT on 3aJIHXH
Ha pa3JIHt.IHH CTOKH KOH Mefyce6Ho ce pa3JIl1KYBaaT rro 06eMoT Ha nHeBHa 3M3KC = 3 MUll +H
rrpona~6a H BpeMeTo Ha Ha6aBKa. Co caMOTO Toa pa3JIH"lfHH ce H
lIOTpe6HTe 3a 3aJIHXH Ha rroenHHe"lIHHTe CTOKIr. 3apanH Toa, nHeBHaTa Kane 3 MaKC cc MaKCHMaJIHII 3aJIHXII, a H - KOJIHt.IHHa Ha rrOCAIIHCYHH
nOTpowyBat.IKa H BpeMeTo Ha Ha6aBKa He Mo~aT na ce rrpHMeHyBaaT BO Ha6aBKII.
npoceK, TyKy BO KOJIHYHHII WTO OnfOBapaaT Ha rrpOMeTOT Ha rrOenHHeqHH EHncjKH MCTOAOJIOWKOTO npawatbe Ha MHHHMaJIHllTC 3aJIllXH C
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Bo CJIyqalITe Kora epllpMaTa rtI np~H 3aJIHXlITe Ha HeKoj apTIIKaJI Bp3 OCHOBa Ha eJICMeHTHTC KOH no MO~HOCT rII npaBaT OnTIIMaJIHH.
Ha MlIHIIMaJIHO HlIBO, a cc pa60TlI 3a MaTepHjaJI 3a KOj HC CMCC na ce BeJIHMC "no MO)KHOCT", 6HnejKH Ha BHCllHaTa Ha 3aJIHXHTC H
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MlIHHMaJIHHTC 3aJIHXH. M3KCHMaJIHHTC 3aJIHXH CC HajrOJICMH BO MOMCHTOT Ha KOHctIHa
peaJIH3aIJ,lIja Ha Ha6aBKaTa. Toj MOMeHT ce nOKJIOnyBa co nplIeMOT Ha
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nOKOJIKy 6JIarOBpeMCHO C 1I3BpWCHa HOBa HapatIKa.
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npcTcTaByBaaT ropHaTa rpaHHu,a BO epopivmpaf-beTO Ha 3aJIIIXHTe. IIOJIIITIIKaTa Ha 3aJIlIXII H Ha6aBKH, 3a Toa na 6HnC IIOJIHTHKa Koja fO
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86 87
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33JIHXHTe, Koj ro H3peKyBaMe Koeqmu;neHT H3 OOHoByBaIbe Ha 33J111X3Ta.

ITepHOJl,HTe H3 OOHoBYBaf-be H3 33JHIXHTe MO/K3T J~a 6HjJ,a1' :

1. eJ~HaKBH H O/l,pe/l,CHlI; (x x x x x)
'")
HceJl,HaKBH II oJ~peJ~eHII; (x x xx x)
3. CToxaCTWIKH. ( ~
)

88
89
 C.T}. 19 YTllPAYll3lhC H3 CKOHOMlIQH3 KOJII1QHH3 113 lIa6311K3 ITpegBl1:p,eHaTa rOAI1111Ha rroTpowyBaY:Ka, T.e. rrpOp,a)l(6aTa Ha
HeKoj apnIKaJI ce 3eMa KaKO OCHOBa 3a rrpecMeTyBaIbc Ha eKOHOMWIHaTa
KOJIWIHHa, 3aToa op, HepI1HaTa peaJlHOCT BO rOJIeMa Mepa 3aBI1CH
TOtIHOCTa Ha yTBpAeHaTa "E".
TIOA "lJ,t ce MHCJlH Ha Ha6aBHaTa BpeAHOCT Ha egHHI1IJ:a MepKa Ha

g CTOKaTa, eppaHKO CKJIaAHlllTe Ha KynyBatIOT.

TPOlllOIJ:I1Te Ha 3aJIHXa no egIIHI1u:a MepKa Ha CTOKa MO)KaT )J,a ce
C yTBpp;aT Ha gBa HaLIHHa :
a..
,.....

1. co crropeAyBaIbe Ha BKynHlITe rogHlllHH TpOlllOIJ:H BO BpcKa co

:3 nocep;yBaIbeTo Ha 3aJlHXa co BPCAHOCTa Ha rrpoceY:HHTe
:s:
H. 3aJIHXH, HJIH
2 T- = 6Kyill-lll 200UUlHU iUPOlllOl{U 3a Ha6a6Ka
I/() 6poj Ha itopa L[ KU 60 200UHaiua

2. co crropegyBaIbe Ha rOp;HWHI1Te ~POIllOIJ:H Ha 3<lJII1Xa Ha

ronC~IlIHa H3 nopa qKHTC KOHKpeTHHOT apTHKan co BpeAHOCTa Ha HerOBHTe npOCetIHH
3aJIHXH.

T = 6KyilllU 20011lllHU iUPOlllOl{U 3a L[ Y6al-be

3a rrpecMeTyBaIbe Ha EKH Hajy:eCTO ce KopHcnI OCHOBHaTa J _
llpoce L[ HU 3aJlllXU
epopMyJIa KojawTo ja rrperrOpatIYBa MHWeJI oHcKajap, aMepHKaHCKH
eKOHOMI1CT co eppaHlJ:YCKO rrOTeKJIO, a Taa e CJIegHaB3:

6KyClI-lll 200ULUI-lll iUPOUlOL{ll 3a L[ Y6a/-be Ha apiiiuKaJl X

2T- . [I2
T J
E=
t/()
lipoce L[ llll 3aJlUXll Ha apLUllKaJl X
U/ .T3 0/0

K3ge WTO e : Bo gBaTa CJIyLlaH A06HeHHOT rrpOIJ:eHT ce rrpHMeHyBa Ha "U,(. Co

rrOMOill Ha npecMeT3HaTa CKOHOMHY:Ha KOJIWU1:H3 Ha MaTepHJaJIOT BO
TrIO - TpOWOI..l,H Ha Ha63BK3, HJIH TpOWOI..l,H H3 rropwIK3;
eAHa nOpaYKa H nOAaTOIJ:HTe 3a rrpeABHACHHTe rroTpc6H 3a ogHOCHHOT
IT r - rogHillH3 rroTpowYB3tIKa;
apTHKan BO HapegHHoT nJIaHCKH ncpHOA ce rrpecMeTyBa H rrepHOA H3
u,J - BpegHocT rro ep,HHHI..l,3 MepK3 H3 CTOKa;
06HoByBaIbe Ha 33JIHXaTa.
T 3 %- npOIJ:eHTyaJIeH I13HOC Ha TpOlllOIJ:H 33 rrOCe,lJ;yB3Ibe (qYB3Ibe)
AKO 6apamIOT nepHOA Ha BpeMC caKaMe ga ro A06I1eMe BO rOAHHH
H3 33JIIIXH. KC ro nO)J,eJIHMe E e co IT r . Co MHO)Kefbe co 12 rrepI10AH Ke 6Hge H3pa3CH
80 MeceI~H, 3 co 52 BO ce,o:MHIJ:H.
TpOWOI..l,HTe Ha H363BK3 H3p33emI rrpeKY TpoureIbe H3 ep,Ha
L
nopa IK3 (Tl1o ) ce )J,06HB33T co )J,eJIefhe H3 BKyrrHI1Te r0.DJIlllHH TPOlllOIJ:1I
BO BpCK3 co aKTHBHOCTHTC H3 H363BKaTa Het qmpM3T3 co 6pOjOT H<l
ff
o
= lie
n~
nop3 LIKHTe BO TeKOT Het rOgHHaTa. 2

90 91
 EHLJ:ejKH ja yTBpLJ:HBMe KOHCTaHTaTa K, MO)KCMC p;a rrpHcTarUIMc
2Tu()'~ 2Tuo .!lz j2Tuo .~ KOH H3pa60TKa Ha Ta6ena op; Koja cc rnCLJ:a BO KOH BpCMCHCKH rrcpHo.n;H
llj'T; ~Ho ~Ho ~ Uj-~ J2Tuo'~ ~
Ho=
!lz
' llj'T;
~ (J7, )' l;)' ~ J7,' L( .1;
(H o ) Tpc6a .n;a cc 06HoByBaaT 3anHXHTC Ha MaTcpHjanoT 3aBHCHO o.n;
Bpc.n;HOCTa Ha HHBHaTa ro.n;HillHa rroTpoIllyB3l..fKa:

H 0- {ii; {ii; Ho
~!lz .~.~ ~~.~.j]; [o.n;HwHa BpC.n;HOCT Ha K Bo Bo
IToTpoIllyBalIKaTa (IT r Uj) ro.n;HHaTa Hc.n;enaTa
~ ili .1J,j
.

TpOIllOlVITe H3 nOp3 l IK3 (T no) H TpOIllOU;HTC H3 noceAYBafbC H3

3aJUIX3T3 (T 3) HM33T 33 rrOrOJICM 6poj 3pnIKJIH K3paKTCp CKOpO ,0,0 3.000 8,12 0,148 8
-
KOHCT3HTHYI TpOIllOU;I1. 3aT03, MCTOAOT Bpum H3LJ:BojyBaIbc H3 OBHe ABe 55
KOHCT3HTH:
3.000 - 3.600 8,12 0,135 7
~2I;lo ~2~I(}
-
Ho = ~2I;lo 60
ill .1J,).~ ~nlUjji; ~nzll) 'ft 3.600 - 5.000 8,12
-
0,115 6
70
Ho = 1 . ~2I;,o 5.000 - 7.000 8,12 0,096 5
~illlJ,J ft -
85
~2T 7.000 10.000 HTH. 8,12 0,081 4
DH,L\cjKlI H3p330T F: i/O
ro 03H3 1 rYBaMC co K (KOHCT3HT3) Tor3III
-

100
J~06HB3MC:
KOCepHU;HCHTOT H3 06HOByB3f-bC Ha 3anHxa H3T3MY ro
1 K
fio = . K = ----=== npccMcTyBaMe co ACnCf-bC H3 ro.n;HH3Ta (H3pa3cHa co ro.n;HHa, MeCel.l, HJIH

~ ili . U j ~ ili . U j He.n;enH) co npccMcTaHHTe H o H3pa3eHH co HCTH BpcMeHcKH e.n;HHHl.I,H. Ha

npHMcp, BO nocnc.n;HaTa B3pHjaHT3 KOCepHl.I,HCHTOT Ha 06HoByB'af-bC Ha
3anHxaTa (K) KC 6Hge :
Ha OBOj HalIHH ce ,L\OK3)KYB3 LJ:eKa eKOHOMHLfH3T3 KonlflUIHa Ha
Hap3LfyBaIb3Ta 3aBHCH OLJ: fTC" II Uj, 3 Toa 3HaLfH OLJ: BpeLJ:HOCTHTe H3 K = 52 = 13
rOAHWH3T3 nOTpe6Ha KOJIlflIIIHa H BpeLJ:HOCT3 Ha LJ:aLJ:eHHOT 3pTIIKaJI. 4
,O,a 3CMCMe 3a rrpHMep eLJ:Ha epIIpMa 80 Koja npOCClfHfIOT TpOIllOK KocepHU;HeHToT Ha 06HoByBaf-be H3 3anHxa MO)KCMC .n;a ro
no eLJ:Ha nopa lJKa 495,00 LJ:eHapH, a rrpocclIHHTC TpOIIJOLJ)! Ha
e yTBp.n;HMC H co nOMOIll Ha no.n;3TOU;H 3a ro.n;HIllHHTe nOTpc6II H
nOCCLJ:YBaf-bC Ha 3anllxa cc 15% OLJ: BpCLJ:HOcTa Ha rrpoceY:HHTe 3aJIHXH. npccMcTaHaTa CKOHOMWIHa KonlflIHHa Ha MaTcpHjan BO c.n;Ha Ha6aBKa.
ITpBO, Tpe6a fJ,a ja npecMcT3Me KOHCTaHT3T3 K. ITaK ga ja 3CMCMC nOCJle.n;HaTa BapHjaHTa o.n; npeTxo.n;HaTa Ta6cna. ,O,a

~ =t/~9S =8,12
npcTnocTaBHMe .n;CKa ro.n;HlIlHaT3 nOTpc6a e 1.000 napLfHf-ba Ha HCKOj

K= MaTCpYljan, 3 l.I,CH3T3 10,00 ACH3pH no naplIC. KocepHU;HeHTOT H3

06HoByBaIbe ce .n;06fIB3 co OLJ:HOCOT :

92 93
 Co UpHMCH3T3 H3 ,O,PY['I10T ClICTeM ce yCT3HoByBa "KaJICHA3p Ha
K = ill Ha6aBKa". Toa BCyIIlHOCT e XpOHOJIOWKa eBl1,O,eHlJ,Hja Ha pOKOBHTe Ha
Ec 06HoByBaI-be Ha 3aJI11XHTe Ha rrOOAAeJIHH apnIKJI11. 0,0, rrpHYIIHa WTO
KyrryBaI-beTO ce BpWH ceKoram BO HCTH BpeMeHCKH pacTojawlja CCKo['aUI
EKOHOMH~HaTa KOnH~HHa BO eAHa rrOpa~Ka ce yTBpAyBa co
ce peBH,O,Hpa npeABHAeHaT3 KOJIHLIHH3 Ha Ha6aBKa. J],OKonKy
rrOMOIll H3 06pa3elJ,OT :
nOTpomyBaLJKaTa Te LreIl3 crrpeM3 rrpeABHJ!,yBaI-b3TC1 HOMery H o 11 E c HeMa
E
e
= /2 ~IU III 495 1,000 = ..)6.600 == OKOJlY 80 flap Lllll-ba Aa HMa oTcTanyBaI-be. Bo cnpOTHBHO Ke ce rropa'-Ia rrOMaJIKy HJIl! nOBeKe
1lj. T3 1015 0A eKOHOMHYHaTa KOJHI'-I 11H a, 3aBI1CHO OJ!, ['OJ1eMHHaTa H3 oTcTanyBaI-beTO
Ha peam13I1paHaTa nOTpowyBa'-IKa OJ!, rrpeABHAeHaTa rroTpowyBaYKa.
KonKy cTBapHo Ke ce nopaLIa E 1 ce npecMeTyBa no epopMynaTa 3a

3.3. CUCTCMU H3 oOHoByBalbc H3 3aJIHXHTC HaoaBKa Koja fJIaCH :

E1= (B + C + HO)n M - (M + e - H)
06HoByB3I-be Ha 3anHX3Ta, O)],HOCHO rroBTopyBaI-be Ha nopa l IKaT3
Ha eAeH MaTepI1Jan ce BplllH Bp3 HCKnyl..J.HBO rrolIlITYBaIhe Ha yTBp)],eHHoT Ka)],c:

E, - KOJIHLIHH3 Ira cTOKa Koja Tpe6a Aa ce nOpal..J.3;

onTHMyM.
B - BpeMe Ha Ha6aBKa BO MecelJ,H;

KOMlIaHHj3T3 0)],ny 1 ryB3 ,n,aml Ke IB6epe e)],eH 0,0, cne)],HI1Te )],Ba

CHCTeM3 :
U- KoeepHlJ,HeHT HJ cnfypHocT;

lI o - nepHo,O, H3 06HoBys3I-be Ha 3aJHIXa (BO Mccervr);

1. 06HOByB3I-bC Ha 3aJIHXHTe CCKoraLU BO HCTI1 KOJ1IFIHH11;

[1~1 - ~lecelIHH nOTpe6H 3a MaTepHjaJl;
2. 06HoByBaI-be Ha 3aJU1XHTe ceKoraLU BO HCTH nepUO,I:\H Ha
BpeMe.
H - KOJIHLIllHa Ha 1'vtaTCpajaJI .BO clelaAHUJTc;
M - 06BpCKH H3 CKJIap,HUITeT6 3a HcrroAMHpemnc rroTpe6H rro
AKo IIoTpolllyB3 1 lKaTa ce O)],BI1Ba anconyTHo cnpeMa
npeJl,BHAyBaI-baTJ Ha KOMrraHI1jaTa, ToraLU 6H 6Hno HpeneB3HTHo KOj 0)], Tpe6yBalbeTo;

e - cBeHTyaJIHO nop3Ho nOpaYaHH KOJIWIHHH Ha MclTepHj3JI.

OBHe ABa CHCTeMH Ke ce I136epe.

Bo HaLUHOT npeTXO)],CH rrpH~lep 1'03 611 3Ha LleJIO: ceKoja LleTBpT3
Bo HLlWHOT npHMep no OBOj CHCTeM 6H ce KynyBano ceKoj
HeLJ,CJI3 611 cc KynyBano rro 80 e)],lIHlIlJ,H MaTepHjaJI. MeryToa, KaKO WTO
l.ICTBpnl MccelJ" Ll Koja KonHLIHHa Ke ce KyrryBa ce oApeAyBa co
BeKe rrpeTxo)],Ho HarnaC11BMe, rroTpoLUYBa~KaTa oTcTarryBa 0)],
rrpe)],BH)],eH3Ta AHH3MHKa Harope HJIJ1 HagOJIy co UlTO Ke )J,oj)J,e )],0 "epopMyJIaTa Ha Ha6aBKa"
rropeMeTyBaI-be H Ke Tpe6a Aa ce BO)],H CMeTKa 3a 06HoByBaI-be Ha
3aJI11XaTa.
Kora Ke ce qmKcHpa OllTHMaJIH3Ta KOJIH~11H3 (E) Ha CTOKa Koja 4. Anmun3 II KOHTpo~la H3 33JUIXlITe

ceKoraLU ce lIcrropaLryBa, Toraw nOpaYK3Ta ce BpWH BO MOMeHTOT Kora

H~tajKH ['0 npeABHA c:P3KTOT )],eKa 3aJIHX11Te rrpeTcTaByBaaT
3aJIJ1XaTa Ke rra)J,He Ha M11HHMaJIHO HHBO 6e3 pa3JIHKa AaJI11 np11TOa ce
cnelJ,HepHLreH BlI)], Ha HHBecTHIJ,lIja Koja lIMa rOJIeMO BJIHjaHHe Bp3
oTcTanyBa OA OnTHMaJIHHOT nepHog Ha 06HoByBaI-be Ha 3aJIHXaTa (H o ).
pCHTa6HJIHOCTa 11 pa60THlIOT ycnex Ha cCKoja KO~1fIaHHja npOI13JIeryBa
Bo HaWHOT rrpH:vtcp Toa 611 3Ha 1 reJIO )],a ce KyrryBa no 80 eAHHI1IJ,H rro
rroTpe6aTa 0)], HHBHC1 KOHTHHyHpaH3 aHamna H KOHTpona. Co Toa cc
BpeMeHcKo pacT~aHHe rroKpaTKo lInn rro)J,onro 0)], 4 HeAeJII1 AOKonKy
C03,IJ,aBaaT yCJ!Ol3H 33 CJIej\efbe H3 3aJIHXHTC H npHJIarO)],yB3I-bC Ha
I10TpoUIyBaYKaTa oTcTarryBa O)J, rrpc)J,B11)],eHaTa )J,IIHaMHKa. 3Ha~ajHo C
Ha6aBKaTa l-Ia HHBHOTO O,IJ,JIeBal-be. 3a Taa HaMCHa noce6HO cc rrorOj\HlI
rrpHToa Ha6aBKaTa ceKoraw )J,a ce Bpum BO eKOHOMHIIHI1 KOJIIFlHHI1.
KOp11CTefbeTo Ha OBOj CHCTeM 6apa c.ne)J,eI-be Ha )],BlDKeI-beTO Ha 3aJIHXHTe J~Ba HHcTpyMcHTa: 6p3lIHaTa Ha 06pTOT HCl 3aJIHXIlTC H MeTo,nOT ABC.
H CHrHaJIlI3Hp,Hbe 331'03 )],CK3 ce npH6JIIDKymlaT KOH MHHHMyMOT.

C) ::;
94
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3aJII1XUTe. 06pTOT Ha 3anHXHTe 3a rroep;HHet.IHH 06jeKTH, 3a 3anHXH Ha CHTe CTOKH

KaKO H 3a 3anHXHTe Ha rrOp;HHeqH11Te CTOKH, 3a rop;HHa .o:eHa HJIH ep;eH
KBapTaJl H cn.
Bo rropaHeIIlHHTe pcnrJIe.o:YBaI-ba KOHcTaTHpaBMe p;eKa rroTep6HTe
OA rrpHJlO/KeHHOT 06pa3eIJ, rrpOlf3JIeryBa AeKa 3rOJleMYBaI-beTO Ha
BO 3aJIHXlITe 3aB11CaT, rroKpaj OCT3H3TOTO If 0.0: 6P31fH3T3 H3 HHBHIIOT
KoeqmIJ,HeHTOT Ha 06pTOT Ha 3aJlHXHTe MO/Ke BO OCHOBa p;a ce rrOCTHrHe
OOpT. CrrpeMa Toa, 6p3HHaT3 Ha OOpTOT rrpeTcTaByBa epaKTop 0.0:
Ha ABa HaqHHa:
HerIOcpe.o:HO BJI11jamre Ha rOJIeMHH3T3 Ha 33IlHX11Te, 3 CO Ca~fOTO TOa 11
aHranCHpaHH OOpTH11 Cpe.o:CTBa.
1. Co 3rOJIeMYBaI-be Ha 06eMoT Ha rrpoMeToT rrpeKY 3aAp/KYBaI-be
HJlH CMaJlYBaI-be Ha rrpocel.IHHTe 3aJlHXH, HJlH
Gp3HHaT3 H3 OOrTOT H3 3aJIHXHTC H3 CTOKII MO/KC J];a CC rrpeCMeTCl
2. Co CMaJlYBaI-be Ha rrpOCeqHHTe 3aJlXHH rrpeKY HCT HJlH
Ha .o:Ba HaLUlHa: CO KoeqHrIJ,HCHTOT Ha 06pTOT H CO Tp3elbCTO H3 06pTOT.
rrOrOJleM 06eM Ha rrpoMeT.
80 rrpaWafbC cc 11CTH HHcTpyMeHTH KOH ce KOpHCT3T II Kaj
MO/KHH ce, ceKaKO, H ABH/KeI-ba BO HCTa HaCOKa T.e. Aa pacTaT H
rrpecMeTyB3I-beTO Ha 06pTOT H3 06pTHH Cpe.o:CTB3. Toa e pcU6HpJIHBO
orrafaaT, KaKO rrpOMeTOT TaKa H 3aJIHXHTe. Bo TOj cJlyqaj KoeepHU;HeHToT
3aToa IUTO 33JlHXHTC ce COCT3BeH .o:eJI Ha 06pTH11Te Cpe.o:cTBa.
Ha 06pTOT pacTe AOKJIKy rrpoMeToT pacTe rr06p30 BO OAHOC Ha 3aJIHXHTe
KoerjJllllllefliii. fla o6piliolU Ila JaJ111Xlllue. KoeqHlIJ,HcHToT HC1
H 06paTHo.
OOr TOT MO;'Ke .o:a ce 03HC1lIH K3KO 6poj Koj rrOKa/KYBCl KOJIKy nanr
Bpe.HellcKo ilipaelbe fla o6piuoili fla JaJlLLrUlue. Bp3 OCHOBa Ha
3cUHlXHTC cc cspTcnc BO OlWe.o:cH Bpe\rCHCKH rrepHOA, H3j LlecTo 33 rOTVIH3
6p3HHaTa Ha 06pTOl' MO/Ke Aa ce rrpecMeTa speMeHcKoTo Tpaellie H3
;~C!{(\. 3a Taa [~CJI CC KoplIcnl cnCL~HHOT o6pc13eq:
06pTOT Ha 3aJlIIXHTC (B03). Toa e 0A epl'IHaHCHCKo cTojanHwTe BpeMe Ha
p 11Mo6HJIH3aJJ,Hja Ha 06pTHHTe cpeAcTBa. 3a rrpecMeTyBaI-bC Ha
KO'J c-. speMeHKoTo TpaCI-bC HCl OGpTOT (llecro ce BCJIH ca:-.fO Bpe~rc Ha 06pTOT
3rr HIlH TpaeI-be Ha 06pTOT) ce KOpHCTH cneAHHOT 06pa3eIJ,:

KaJ~C C: 360
KC13 803=-

- KOcctHIIJ,HCWf HCl 06pTOT Ha 3cUUlXHTC

n - OCTBapCH npO\reT
K03

3n - rrpocellHH 3J.JUIXH
EHAejKH BO HalllHOT npHMep KoecPHJJ,HeHTOT Ha 06pTOT e 5,
BpeMeHcKoTo TpaeI-be Ha 06pTOT Ha 3ClJlHXHTe H3HecyBa:
fl pocelIHHTC '3cU1HXII o6wIHO ce II3pa3yBaaT BO napH, a 3a
I!OCL~HHClfHlJ CTOKH ~IO/KaT H KOJIH'IHHCKH (Ha rrpH\rCp, orpCB, IJ,CMCHT,
360
con, WCKCp H cn.). 80 HHTCpCC Ha rrpeJJ,H3HocT Ha OEHe rrpecMcTKH 6H B03 = - - = 72 AeHa.

Tpe6ano H BO 6poHTcnoT II BO H:vrCIHITCJIOT .o:a ce KopHcTaT HCTH JJ,CHH. 5

Ese e.o:eH rrpHMep 3a HnycTpaJJ,Hja. AKO e ro.o:HWHHOT rrpoMcT H3

TproscKoTO rrpeTnp 10aTHe oCTBapcH so H3HOC OJ]; 500 MIlp J];HHapH Bp3 EPOjOT 360 ro 03HaqYBa 6pOjOT Ha AeHOBHTe BO rOAHHaTa Koj
npoceLIHH 3C1nHXH 0.0: 10 Mnp f~HH3PII, KoecfmIJ,HcHTOT Ha 06pT H3 3apaAH rroeAHocTaByBaI-be Ha 06pa3eIJ,OT ce 3aoKpY./KYBa.
3aJIlIXHTe H3HecyBa: 3a rrpecMeTyBaI-be Ha BpeMeHcKoTo Tpaefbe Ha 06pTOT, AOBOJIHO e
Aa ce 3Hae KOcPHIJ,HeHTOT Ha 06pTOT Ha 3aJIHXHTe. 11 06paTHo,
P
KoeqmIJ,HeHTOT H3 06pTOT Ha 3aJIHXHTe MO)Ke Aa ce rrpecMeTa Bp3 6a3a Ha
K03=- =5

speMeHcKoTo TpaeI-be Ha 06pTOT.

3rr
Ep3HHaTa Ha 06pTOT MepeHa co KoecPHIJ,HeHTOT HJIH co BpeMecKo
TpaeI-be 06WIHO ce 3eMa KaKO rrpoceK 3a rrpoAaBHHJJ,aTa, TproBcKoTO

96
97
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Ha 06pT WTO HI1 )J,aB3 )J,OBonHO nOBOA 3a aHan1133 Ha 3anHXHTC. 2. BO MamfTC TPOlllOIl,H 3a LYBaI-bC Ha 3anHXHTe (KaMaTI1 Ha

Ciiope()Y8albe Ila o6piuoiu Ila JaJlllXlllue. KOcctHIL~HCHTOT H3 KpCp,HTH Ha 06pTHH cpep,CTHa, TpOWOIl,HTC Ha OCI1rYPYBaI-beTO, 3ary6HTe

06pTOT H BpCMCTpaClliCTO Ha 06pTOT Tpc6a pCnOBHO )J,a CC cnC)J,aT 11 Ha CTOKH I1 cn.);

aH3nH3HpaaT CO Il,cn )J,a cc npeB3CMaaT MepKH KOH ja yHarrpe)J,yBa3T 3. BO nop,06po KOpHCTCI-bC Ha pa60THIIOT npOCTOp, cpa3McpHO

eKoHoMHjaTa H3 3anHXHTC 11 )J,enOBHHOT ycncx Ha KOMnaHHjaTa. nOManHTC TPOlllOIl,II 3a 3aKynHHHa H CJI.

3a Taa Il,en CC BplllH crropC)J,yB1I-bC Ha 6p3I1HaTa Ha 06pTOT Koja AHaJIH3aT3 Ha CTpyKTypaTa Ha 3aJIHXIITC p,aBa opHeHTaIl,l1ja BO

BO OCHOBa MO)Ke na 6H)J,C TpajHa: norJIc)J, Ha HHBHOTO npCLHCTYB3I-be. CTOKIITC KOH cnopo cc BpTaT Tpc6a

Cnope)J,yBallie Ha 6p311HaT3 Ha 06pTOT BO O)J,HOC Ha npCTXO)J,eH nepHO)J, )J,3 cc pacrrpop,ap,aT II )J,a cc OTCTarrH rrpOCTOp 3a nOTnOJIHyBal-bc Ha

(MCCCIl" rO)J,HHa II cn.), 33JIHXHTC co OHIIC CTOKH KOH IIa3apOT rI1 6apa. I1CKyCTBOTO rrOKa)KyBa

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