2.

LJ:ecl>MHllp3lbe n3 KBaJ1MTeTOT
3. <Da3M BO npou,ecoT Ha HMnJ1eMenTau,uja H3 KBaJ1HTeTOT

IlocTojaT rOJ1CM opoj Ha'-nIHI1 Ha KOI1 MO:>KC ,D,a cc J~cqmHI1pa

KaKO lllTO 6cmc npcTxogHo HaBc,D,CHO, IIOCJICAHl1BC rO,D,HHl1 cc
360pOT "KBaJ1I1TCT", HO BO KOHKpCTHI10B cJ1yl..aj KC ja I13,D,B0I1MC
3a6cJ1c:>KyBa TCHJ~cHU;Mja Ha IIocBcTyBaJ-bC CMJ1HO BHMMaHMC 11
,D,eqmHI1U;I1jaTa crropc,D, CTaH,D,ap,D,OT ISO 8402 crropc,D, KOj KBaJII1TCTOT
11MIIJ1CMCHTHpaI-bC Ha npou;ccoT Ha KBaJ1MTCT. TIpl1TOa, cc CMCTa J~CKa
npcTcTaByBa:
CBOJ1Yl~l1jaTa Ha epopMaJ1Hl10T rrpou;cc Ha KBaJIl1TCT IIOMl1HyBa HM3
rh 58
QCT11pl1 pa3JIlf'-IHl1 '-fJa311 11 TOa:
"lJ,eJlOI(YllILOcilt Ha KapaKiucpLlCLlUU{llLUe Ita HeKoj eHUlwuelU KOLl
ce OOflccY6aaLU lla lleZ06{l[Ua c{lOCOOlLOClU oa ZLl 3ao06o/z11
<Pa311 BO l1MnJ1CMCHTaU;HjaTa Ha npOU;CCOT Ha KBaJ1l1TCT
LlCKW/w/uuue llolupeoll u llOlUpcowuc Llaua ce llodpa30UpaaLU".

<Pa3H KapaKTCpl1CTl1K11
TIpI1TOa, no,D, CHTI1TCT cc nOJ~pa3611pa: aKTHBHOCT, rrpou;cc,
KOHTpOJ1a Ha Y CJ1yrl1 6C3 rpCWKl1
np0I13BoJ~, KOMnaHHja, CI1CTCM,nWH-lOCT HJ111 6HJ10 Koja HI1BHa
KBaJ1l1TCTOT BOAcHa og MCHaI,IMCHTOT
KOM6HHaU;lfja, HO 11 aKO co CTaH,D,ap,D,OT HC C HaBC,D,CH MCHaI,IMCHToT
KaKO CHTHTCT Ha KOj ce O,D,HccyBa KB3J111TCTOT, aBTopHTe K011 CC
BO,D,Cl..KH BO OBaa 06JIaCT ro KopHCTaT H3pa30T KBaJIHTCT Ha
06C36cAYBaI-bC 100% 3aJ~OB0J1HI1 nOTpOWYB~P'II1
MCH3I,IMCHTOT 11 Bp3 OCHOBa Ha Toa e yrBp,D,CHO 3HaQeJ-bCTO Ha TOM
KSaJ1HTCT BOACHO OA nOTpowyBa {BITe
KaKO MClfaIJMCHT Ha BKyIIHHOT KBaJIHTCT.
E,D,Ha l~pyra Acqnnnn~Hja Koja cc Ol~HCCYH<:l Ha rrpOU;CCOT Ha
BOCnOCTtluysaI-bc KBaJIHTCT KOHKpCTHO BO JIOrHCTUYKl1TC aKTHHHOCTH
TOM 3Ha l IajHa KOHKypcHTcKa
C AcmmU;l1jaTa Koja ja HMa Aa,D,CHO COBCTOT 3a JIOrl1CTH'-lK11
. . npCAHOCT
MCHaIJMCHT BO C,D,Ha CBOJa CTYAl1j3 3a KBaJIHTCT 11 npO,D,yKTHBHoCT BO
. 57 MCHaI,lMCHTOT,Bpa60TCHl1TC,
JIOrHCTWIKl1TC npOU;CCI1 cnopcg KOJa :
rroTpomyBa'-II1TC pa60TaT KOH
oCTBapyBaI-be 3aCAHHl..Ka IWJ1
"K6aJIllUlClUOlU 60 JlOZLlClULlKaLUa 3lUFlll 3ad060.rzY6albC Ita
oapaJ-baLUa Ll 0'-iCKY6aJ-balUa lla Kyr(V6a'-illlUe (K.nllefllULUUe)
BpCAHOCT 3a HarJ1aCOK Ha 06C36cAyBaJ-bC
6K.1Y ' lyaajKll Zll CJlCOfll18e OlLWCH3llLl:
nOTpomyBa'-lOT Haj,D,06pa HCTO BPCAHOCT 3a
CKpaLuyaalbC Ha apcMclupaeJ--bcluo IUl llOpa'-iKllllie
nOTpOWYBal..l1TC
l1a6peMeJta ucilopaKa Wl ilOpa'-iKLUUe
TO'lHll, KOJrtrLrzelU/lll, HCOLlllUClUCflLl {{Opa'lKLl
OA HaBegcHoTo BO Ta6eJ1aTa C CBI1ACHTHO ACKa 3ronCMCHHOT
lIa6pc.IvtClta II OOZ060pJ-ta ilOClUlljJodaJ/Clta lloooplllKa
HarJ1aCOK BO IIOCTHI'HyBaJ-beTO 3agoB0J1CTBO Ha nOTpowyBi:l'-mTC IIpeKy
TO'-illO II lla6pOtfeJLO CoollpaJ-be II pa3MCHa lUi lllUPOP)tfaL{llLl
KBaJ1HTCT KOj ro 6apa nOTpomyBwIoT, CC KapaKTcpH311pa co
A,teiy (pyIlKl{lllllUe 60 C{L'vtllOlU Vll3/WC II CO lla060pelllHLUUC
nOMccTyBtlJ-bC 0A KOWrpOJ1a Ha KUaJ1l1TCTOT (Quality Control) AO
Y'leClllll{ll CO lWJZ ()a ce ilu()()pJ/Cll il.rzwwpwveluo,
06c36eAy13al-bC KBaJ1HTCT ( Quality Assurance).
JrtcJ-ta(UtfCIUUOlU II ll:wpwY6allJeluo lta aKlull6HOClULUUC
KOHTp0J13T3 na KB3J1I1TeTOT (Quality Control) KaKO IIpBa Cl3a
CllOJrLC/UllUll lloZope.
BO rrpoI~ccOT Ha HMIInCMCHTl1palIJC Ha KBaJIl1TCTOT HO 6WHII1C

1.1. Coyle, E.1.Bardi, C1. Langley 1r.: The management of business logistics 6th ed,
'\7 5X HCTO, CTp.537
West Publishing Company, USA, 1996, p.:137

150 151
 noI'HCTHKaTa CC gcqmHHpa KaKO "36up 00 OtiepaLUU6HU
tUeXHUKU U aKtUU6JlOCtUU KOU ce KOpUCUlaLU 3a oa ce KpCl1pa BpeJ~HocT 3a nOTpomyBal.-II1Te 11 Toa Ha Tpl1 Hal.lHHH,
UCtlOJlHaLU 6apaJvatua 3a K6a.rzwuetU" H orrepaKa OIIepaTHBHH OJl,HOCHO npcKY:
aKTHBHOCTH HaCOl..lCHH KOH cnegcIhe Ha npoIJ,ccwre H Ha EpuKacllocw cnoc06HoCT Ha JIOrHCTHLIKaTa
OTcTpaHyBaI-bC Ha npHl..IHHHTC BO cnYl..laJ Ha HC3agoBonHTenHO opraHH3aIJ,lIja Act 06C36cP;H MI1KC Ha rrpoH3Bop;l1/ycJlyrJI co
H3BpmyBaI-be Ha HCTHTC co npHMeHa Ha CTaTHCTHl..IKH MeTogn H HJIBO Ha TpOllIOIJ,H npl1epaTJIlIUH 3a rroTpomyBal.ll1Tc. OBa ja
TCXHHKH. 80 OBaa epa3a, co KOHTpona Ha KBanHTcTOT HarnacyBa flOTpc6aTa op, IIOMyp;pO ynpaByBalbc co
BOI'naBHO 6Hnc onepaTCHH npmnBogcTBeHHTe npou;ecI1. pecypcHTC op; CTpaHa Ha JIOrHCTHy:aplITC KaKO H
06C36cAYB3lbCTO 113 KB3JlHTCTOT (Quality Assurance) ce yCOrJlacyBafhc Ha TPOLIlOL~HTC co Bpcp;HOCTa lIlTO ja
J~eepI1HI1pa KaKO: "Cuiue iiJJallupallu U cucweMawcKu J\06HBaaT nOTpollIyBaY:lITC CCKoraUi Kora C Toa B03MO.IKHO.
aKWU81l0CWU 8ipaj)ellU 80 CUCIUe.;.,wW lla KeaJlUlUeW, I1CKyCTBOTO nOKa){yBa p,CKa KOMflaHHH KOHLIITO I'll
iipUKaJICallU KaKO i"ioilipe6llu 3a 06e36ej)yealbe cooj)8eWlla nOJl,06pl1.J1C JIorl1CTI1LIKllTC flpOIJ,eCI1 3a6cJIc){aJIC
j)o6ep6a j)eKa elllUUluelUOlU Ke iu UCiiOAIlU 6apalbawa 3a nOJ\o6pYBafhe Ha cepHKaCHOCTa.
KeaJlUlUeIU" npI1 lUTO CHCTeMOT Ha KBanHTeT I'll npcTcTaByBa EpeKWll61l0ClU - HarJIaCOKOT e Ha pC3Y.J1TaTHTC H J~aJIH
CHTC PCCypCH HcorrxogHli 3a oCTuapyBalbe Ha MCHaijMeHT Ha JIOrHCTHl.IKaTa epyHKIJ,Hja rH 3aJl,oB0.J1YBa 6apafhaTa Ha
Kuan1lTCTOT. nOTpolllyBaLIIITC. EgHa OJ~ MO){HOCTHTC C ga cc onpCJ~C.J1aT
Bo cnyy:aj KOI'a MClIaijMCHTOT, Bpa6lHCHlITC, [[(npUlllYBal.IHTe flOBCKC KnyY:HH CJIC~leHTli Ha ycnyraTa Ha KynyBaLIJnC
11 cHa6p,yua l.IHTC ClITC KoopJ~mmpaHO pa60TaT KOH KaKO Ha rrpl1MCp rapaHIJ,aja 3a npoa3BOllOT,
OCl'Uapyn3ff,C Ha r~aq~HHLIKH l~cnH J~oafa J~O cBonyqHja Ha paCfl0.J10){.J1l1HOCT HCl 3~L'1HXHTC, IIaBPC~lCIlO gOCTclByll<.llhC H
npcrxogHClTa epena KOH TQM. CJIHl.IHO.
3a Toa IIlTO npeTcTauyBa TOM IlOCTOJaT t>.lHoI'Y pllrjJepelll/Upalbe - 'ma llH IIOCTHnIYBaH~C CJl.I1HCTHCHOCT no
J~CctHlHHI~IHI, HO BO KOHKpCTHHOB CJIyLIaj ce 01lpCjJ,CJ1yuaMc 33 Hell-IHHOT Ira pCaJIH3JIpafbC lIa nOrIICT1I LIKaTa ycnyra. To<.l
m-Iaa CIlOPCp, Koja HCTHOT ce J~cctmHHpa KaKo: ".Jtella~Utelllu or~ cRoja CTpaHa 06C16clIyBa nOHYlla Ha ycnyra LIlTO CC
i"ipllcluaii 60 KO.Hllalllljatua CKOIll/elllupupall ua KapaKTCpH'3I1pa co J\Hq)CpCHL~HjaJIHa IIpCp,HOCT IlPCJ~
. .
IWaJlllIUeWOIU, 3aCIl06a1l lla Y'leciU60IUO Ila CUlue llej3wlll KOHKypcHqHj3Ta H una TOJ HallIIH OB03MO){YBa IlOBHCOK<.l
IJJleI108U, IlaCO'lell KOIl OCIU6apY6a1be j)OJliopolJell ycilex HeTO BpCJl,HOCT 3a I1cyrpolIIyual..lHTC.
IlpeKy 3a()060JlY6a1be Ila Kyiiy6alJlllUe, a 60 KOpUCIU Ila CUlue
IJJlCl106U Ila Ko.;uiiallujawa U oiiLUIUecweOlUO.
I1MCHO, BKynHHoT KBanllTeT BO .J10I'HCTHKaTa 3WFIH 6KyiillocW 4. TCOPUH 33 npou,CCOT 113 K83JIHTCT - "rypy3 n3 KB3JUITCTOT"
60 IUpll llelUlUa - IUOj io IloKpuea ceKoj llpol/ec, ceKoja
aKlUU61l0CW U ceKoja JlllIJILOCIU. aIm nOJ~pe13611pa p;eKa cc Bo cBojen H3BoHpegcH HamIC II()I~ HaCJlOn "I'ypya lIa KBanHTCTOT"
onepaTcHlI cwre epa3H H eneMCHTlI Ha norHCTHKaTa, ClITe F.J.Ouinn 59 rtr o6jacHyBa TCOpHHTC 33 KBa}lHTCT p,agcIHr OJI l.-ICTIIpH
aKTHUHOCTI1 80 paMKHTe Ha Toj npOL~CC. npH IIITO cCKoja JIlIl.IHOCT Hajno3HaTH CTPYl.II-baL~H 3a 06JlaCTa Ha KRa.J1WreTOT. Bo HaTaMOIIIHHOT
C OJ~rOBopHa 3a conCTBCHaTa pa6cna H pa60Ta'ra Ha I'pynaTa. TCKCT BO HajKpaTKH U,pTH Ke fIr ena60papaMC Haj3Ha LlajHHTc TCOpHI1 3a
11 na Kpaj, Y:CTupTaTa epa:;a ja Ogpe13yua nOTpc6aTa ga cc KBaHHTCT.
npauaT TaKBH pa60TI1 KOH KpCHpaaT Hajp,06pa KOMnapaTHBHa
HCTO BpCJI,HOCT 33 fi()Tpomyn3QHTC. pe.HUllio6 Kpyi Ita K6aJlU luelUOlU
I1MCHO, Kora cTallyrm 360p 3a IIOCJICjJ,HaBa cpena, IroncKc
WYHlaTI1 KOMIIaHHH flU CBCTOT (llp. Xerox, Me Donalds H gp.), Dcming C Hajrro3HauIOT nHOHCp 130 KpeHpal-hCTO H
cny.IKaT KaKO J~o6ap llpHMCp co KOj cc IloTBPllyna nonynapH3aU;HjaTa Ha ynpanynalhcTO co KBaJIl1TCTOT BO JalloHHja, HO
crpaTcrHcKoTo BTlHjamIc II ITO 1'0 HM<.l JIOrIICTJFIKHOT paHHTc 1950- TH I'Or~HHJI.
t>.lCHaIJt>.lCHT. Kaj OTHIC KOMII<.lHIIH JlOrHCTHKaT<.l nOMara p;a cc
59 F.J.Quinn: Traffic Management, 1990, p.34-39

152 153
 Toj fO ACIIHIIpa KBanIITCTOT KaKO "lipeOBllOJlU6 CLUelleH Ha
JypanoBa mpUJlOluja Ila KBaJluiiiemom
eC)f-1006pa3Hoci11 U CUZypf-LOCiIt KOj ZU 3a0060llYBa lla3apf-luiIte lloiItpe6u co
,Il,cMl1HrOBHOT COBpeMCHHK, p,-p Joseph M. Juran fO HaCOlJl1JI cBOjoT
f-lUCKU i11pouw4u" .
Deming CMCTa ACKa CTIInOT Ha McHaUMCHTOT Mopa Aa cc IIHTCpCC KOH MCHaUCpCK110T acrrCKT Ha KBaJIl1TCTOT. Toj HafJIacyBa ACKa

TpaHcop~mpa BO rrOfJICA Ha CTaBOBIITC, BpCp,HOCTIITC, BpCKIITC Mety

IloJJ;06pYBaI-bCTO Ha KBaJIl1TCTOT Tpc6a ,a:a 6H,a:C "npocKT - no - npocKT".
Toj BCylilHOCT BOBc,a:yBa HOBII Al1MCH3HH Ha MCHaUMCHTOT KOl1lIITO cc
nytcTo.
HCfOBIIOT npII,a:oHcC C OKycIIpaH Ha npOl~ecoT Ha yHanpeAyBal-be Ha oKycIIpaHH Bp3 OgfoBoPHOCTl1TC 3a rrocTIIfHYBal-bC KBaJIIITCT.

KBaJIIITCTOT Ha MCHaI,IMCHTOT H CHTC aKTUBHoCTII BO KOMrraHlijaTa Hl13 CnpoTIIBHO Ha ,Il,cMHHf TOj fO IIcTaKHyBa BCpTHK3JIHHOT MCHaUMCHT II
npHMcHaTa Ha TCXHlIlJKlI MCTOAl1 npc,u: fop,a:ocTa H 3ap,OBOJICTBOTO.
II03HaTHoT P-D-C-A IJ,HKnyc, npl1Ka:>KaH Ha cnc,a:HaTa CJIIiKa. OBOj IJ,HKJIYC
Tpe6a Aa 6IIAc npliMCHCT 0A cTpaHa Ha cCKOj Bpa60TcH H rrpH JYP3H e n03HaT KaKO 6II3Hl1C H I1Hp;ycTpHCKl1 "fypy" Ha
KBaJIHTCTOT , HaKO HMa OCTaBeHO Ba)KeH 6eJICf Ha TopHjaTa Ha
pCaJIl13aIJ,l1jaTa Ha ceKoja aKTHBHOCT.
MeHaIJMCHTOT, MCHaUMeHTOT Ha '10BClJKHTC PCCypCH II KOHCaJITHHfOT.
I1Ma Harrl1WaHO HCKOJIKy KHHfH H Ba:>KH 3a C,a:CH op; HajBa:>KHHTC
C.Il. 28 ,IJ,eMHHroB Kpyr H3 KBaJIH TeTOT
CBCTCKH n03HaTH MHCJIl1TCJIH Ha 20-01' BeK BO 06nacTa Ha MCHaUMCHTOT
Ha KBanHTCTOT.

JypaH ro ,a:cHHHpa KBaJIHTCTOT KaKO "norop;IIOcT 3a ynoTpe6a",

O,I:~HOCHO, TOj 1'0 3acTanyBa KOHIJ,CnTC)T crropCJ~ H,P-IHHOT Ha KOj
(Action) (Plan) KBaJIHTCTOT C oIJ,cHyBaH o,a: crpaHa Ha KynyBa'IHTe. Crropc,u: Hcro,
ITpIIMcHa 1Ia ITJI amIp aI-bC oCTBapyRaI-bCTO KBaJIHTCT fH orrepaKa CHTC YHKIJ,HH, CUTC HHBoa H CliTC
MepKH 3a rrpOH3Bop,CTBCIUI JIHHHH. BCylUHOCT, HCfOBaTa "TPHJIOfHj3" Ha
no,a:06pyBalbe.-II--- KBaJIHTCTOT orraKa TpH npOIJ,CCH H Toa:

1. fiJI3HHp311.e H3 KB3JIHTeTOT - fH onpc,a:enYB3 KapaKTcpHCTHKHTC

(Check) (Do) Ha KBaJIliTeTOT liITO Tpc6a ,a:a CC nOCTIIfHaT npH HCIIopaKa 6C3
ITpoBcpKa PeaJIH3aIJ,Hja IHIKaKBH HCI~OCTaTOIJ,H. IlJIaHHpa1LCTO Ha KBaJIHTCTOT fH onaKa
CJIc,a:HHBe aKTHBHOCTH:
I1ACH'fHIIKaIJ,Hja Ha IIoTpomyBa'IHTc
,Il,CTcpMHHHpaI-LC Ha nOTpc6HTC Ha HgCHTHIIKyBaHHTc
IICJTpolllyBa'lH
ITpcBcgyBal-bC Ha THe nOTp6H Ha ja3HKoT H3 MCHaUMcHTOT
P33BHBaI-bC Ha npOII3Bo,a: KOj MO:>KC l~a OJ-~rOBopII H3
nOTpc611TC Ha IIOTpoIllyuaQIITe.
OrITIIMH3HpaI-bC Ha gCJIOBHTe Ha npOH3BOAoT co IJ,eJI
Ha TaKOB HalIHH cCKoja aKTl1BHOCT Tpc6a p,a cc nJIaHHpa, pCaJIII3IIpa,
npOII3BO)~OT )~3 O)~rOBapa H Ha npoH3BCAHTeJIOT II H3
rIa rrOToa p,a cc rrOJ~JIO)KH Ha npoBcpKa, T.c.rrpcHcrrHTyBal-bC II Bp3 OCHOBa
Ha ,I:~06HeHoTo IICKYCTBO ga cc rrpIIMcH3T MCpKH Ha nop,06pYBaI-bc. IToToa
IIOTpolllyBa'loT

I~HKnycoT ce IloBTopyBa npcKY IlITO cc c03gaB3 npoqcc H3 KOHTl1HyIIpaHo

rrop,06pyB,ubc, co lUTO KpyroT BCyuIHoCT cc npCTBopa EO Clmpana Koja
2. YH3npeAYB3lhe (lIoAo6pyn3Ibe) Ha Kn3JIHTeTOT - rII HaMaJIyBa
IIJIH CJIHMIlHHpa HCJ~OCT3TOI~HTC Kaj IIocTojmrre npoH3Bo)J,H,
(JAH Haropc.
ycnyrII Ium npOI~ccH Il[TO cHope,a: Hcro ce peaJIwmpa HIn n;CceT
'ICKOpH K0l1111TO BCylllHoCT IIpcTcTaHyB3crr:

155
154
 BO CTaBOBHTe Ha CIlOMeHaTHTe CKcnepTH o,u, 06J1aCTa Ha KBaJIHTeTOT 6H
Pa3BI1BaH,e IIa npou;ec co KOJ Ke cc rrp0l13Bcp;yBa 60
MO)KCJle ,u,a CC H3BnCLIaT H HHBHH 3aedflllLlKll CLua808ll KaKO IllTO ce:
rrp0I13BOP;OT
KOHTpOJIHpaIfJCTO HHKOI'am HC npeTcTaByBa o,u,I'OBOp Ha
OIITl1Ml13l1paIfJC Ha TOj rrpoqcc.
yHarrpe,u,yBalbcTo Ha KBaJIHTCTOT
3. KOIITPOJl3 H3 KB3J1HTCTOT - 11'1 o,n;p)KyBa pe3ynTaTHTc rrOCTl1rHaTH
BKJIyqyBaHTo H JIH,n;epCTBOTO Ha H~BIICOKHOT MCHalJMeHT e
co rrnaHHpaIbcTo H yHaIIpcp,yBaIbCTO Ha KBaJIHTCTOT.
KJIyQHa 3a op,rOBopHOCTa 3a KBaJIHTCT
,l],oKa:>KyBaH,c p,CKa rrpOI\CCOT e ap;cKBaTcH 3a
ITporpaMaTa 3a KBanHTCT 6apa BJlO)KymiIfJe Harrop BO paMKHTe Ha
npoH3Bop,CTBO Ha H36paHHoT npoH3Bo,n; nop; oncpaU;HoHH
I~enaTa KOMrraHlija H npeTcTaByBa AOJIrOpOqHa 06BpCKa
ycnOBl-I co MHHHManHa KOHTpona
IIo,u,,u,p)KaHa co HeOIlxoAHO HHBeCTlIpaI-LC H 06yKa
TpaHcepep Ha rrpOl\CCOT 80 OnpaU;HlI
KBaJIHTCTOT C npB llpHOplITCT UO KLHvUI<.lHHjaTa

KpoJ611eBa iueopllja Ja iipeBeulluja Ila KBaJlUmemoiu

5. qCKOPH BO HMnJlcMcHT3U,Hj3T3 H3 KB3JUfTCTOT 80 J10rHCTHQKIIOT
npou,cc
Cnopcp; TpCTliOT nlIp;Cp BO 06JIaCTa Ha KBanlITCTOT, Philip B.
Crosby, " KB3JIHTCTOT C npHcrroc06ymubc (npIInCrO~\YBaIfJc) KOH
CaMaTa HMnJICMCHTaI\Hja, O,u,HOCHO pa3BojoT H<.l rrpOl\eCOT Ha
6apafuaTa" II TOj cyrepI1pa J\CKa O)~ aCIlCKT Ha BKyIlHHOT KBaJIHTCT
BKyIICH KBanilTeT BO nOI'HCTHKaTa nOMHHyE3Ll BIn CJICJ~HI1BC LICKOpH:
KB3JIHTCTOT e 6ecnn3TcH".
Phillip Crosby , 6WHfHC\ICH II eunop KOj npop,oHCCC 3a p33Boj Ha
TCOpHjerra Ha MCHaIJMCHTOT H KBaJlHTCTOT Ha t\ICH':lIJMCHTOT.
1. <.lHf'mfCHpalhC Ha epHpM3Ta- MCllalJCpOT ~Iopa Wi 6HJW ABlIA<:ellKa
Crosby ja C03p;anC IIp(lrpa~taTa "HynLl AcepcKnt" , Ll HCTO TaKa C
CHila 3a aHraA<:lIplbaC 130 HaCOKa Ha P,UBOJ lIa BKyllCH KBanHTCT BU
laCJlyA<:CH 3<1 wHIajJ\YBalJ,CTO ltalIIIH 3(1 peJ~yIJ,HpalbC Ha BKynHlITC
nOfHCTIIKaTa. Toj Mopa H3Il(L1HU J~a CC IIOCDCTlI IIa qCJIHTC llITO
TpOllllHW 3<1 3()(~'o .
TpcGa J\a 6Hf~aT JaAOBOJICHII II 3KTHBHOCTHTC IlITO TIJc6a J\a GH,n;aT
Crosby H3L1LlCYBLl J\CKa MOTHB3qHjaTa II IUlaHHp,HbCTO HC cc
npC3eMeHH. HCTO TaKa, THC Tpc6a na 06C36cJ~3T II3BOpH H
01\HccYBaaT ca~lo Ha CTaTHCTltlIKU yIIpaByBalLc co IIPOI\CCOT IIJIH Ha
IlO~~,u,pWKa 3a JIyfCTO KOH
PCW<1BaIbC Ha IIpo6neMoT cnopcJ~ ,l],cMHHI' H JypaH. Toj CMCTa ,n;CKa
2. 6apaaT OnHI1J1HBH pC3yJITaTH OJ~ aHI'a)KllpaIfJCTO KOH KB3JIHTCT;
K8aJ1lliTi.eiTi.oili. e 6ecil.rzaLUCH 3aLUOa llllUO lupollloqlllue 3a ilPC6el-ll(llja ce
ceKozalll ilO}.WJ1ll 00 OHlle 3a YlU8pdY8aJhe II eJ1llAHlIillpal-be lla zpelllKlllue
3. Pa36Hpafuc H3 ncnpc6HTc lIa nOTpomyB3'"-IHTC II HIIBHHTC 6apaIfJa
3a ,u,a HM ce nOHy,u,ll BpC,u,HOCT;
II lUPOUlOl(lllUe fta cilALlllue zpelllKll.
OCHOB3Ta Ha HcrOBaTa epHJI030epHja H3 KBanHTcTOT C cOJ\p:>KaHa
4. MCPCfuC Ha nocrojHoTo lIHBO H3 pC3YJITanITC rroCTelByBajKH I'H BO
JvrpeKTcH OJ~HOC co cneqllepllqHHTC 6apa~ba Ha rroTpowyBa'"-IHTc o,u,
130 cnCJ~HHOB KOHI\CTIT:
WfOpHOT QeKop. KaKo l\leTO,u, KOj MOA<:e ,u,a 6H,u,C ynoTpc6cH e
KBaJIHTCTOT ce J\CCpHHI'lpa KaKO ycornacyBafue co 6apaIfJaTa
Benchmarking. Co Hero MO)KC l~a cc OTKpHC "j33" Mcfy 6apal-ba Ha
CHcTeMoT 3a IlOCTlII'HYBaIfJC Ha KBanHTCT e BO npcBclIlJ,Hj3T3, a HC
IloTpomyBaLIHTc H nocrojHoTo HMBO lIa ncpepopMaHcH KaKO
BO OI\CHKaTa,
pC3yJITaT Ha ronCM 6poj epaKTopH;
" Hyn<1 J~CepCKT" I1pcTcT,-lI3yBa CTaIIJ\apJ\ 3a KBanllTCT Ha
S. Pa3BHBaI-LC lIa cTpaTCI'l1ja 3a KBC1nHTCT. I1pB JH3 l IaCH qeKOp C
rrcpepopi\1aHCHTC
npoyqYBaH,cTo Ha epUJI030epHj3Ta Ha KBaJIHTCTOT. ITpe,u, epHpMaTa
KBanllTCTOT cc MCpH 130 MOHeTapHa CMHCJIa. Toj ja rrpcTcTanyBa
crojaT IIOBCKC npHoJ\H, liO Haj3Ha'"-wjml IlpliOpHTCTH TpcGa J\a
U;CHaTa IIITO cc IInaKa '33 HCrrpHJIaI'oHYBLlH,C
6HJ~aT: pa36MpalbCTO Ha IIOTpc6wrc HLl rroTpowyB<.tl-IHTC,
:Jae()flll Ll Kll C lua 60 8ll I1HHl\HjaTMBI1TC 3a Cl\YKar~l1ja H 06yKCl, MCpClhCTO Ha Hl1BOTO Ha
CCKoja o,n; Hanc,n;CHHBC TCOPllH Ha CIlO~ICHaTHTC <.LLrrOpH yKa)KyBa Ha
ncpepopMaHCHTC II qcnoKyIIHHOT opI'aIIH3,-1I\HOIICH alII'a)KMaH;
epaKTOT ACKLl ClITC THe ucpyBaaT ACKa MCIIaIJMCHTOT H CHCTCMOT, a He
BpaOOTCHHTC CC npWIlma 3a HC,u,OBOJICH KB<:UUITCT. HacnpOTH pa3nHKHTC

{,(J 1. Ross: Total Quality Management, Florida Atlantic University, 1994

157
156
 qeKop 1 8. TIoTpe6aTa OA BKyrreH KSaJIl1TCT so JIOrnCTI1KaTa C rrocTojaHa.
Y rrpaByBalbcTo co BKyrrHl10T KBaJII1TCT e rrpoqcc Koj HI1KOram He
AHra)KHpaILC H3 3aBplUyBa.
opraHH3aqHjaTa
Ha Kpaj, Aa rroTeHl~l1paMe ACKa U;CJITa Ha ycneuIHO
I1MrrJIeMeHTl1paIbC Ha BKyrreH KBaJII1TCT BO JIOrl1CTI1KaTa BO
qeKop 2 qeKop 3 rrpaKTI1KaTa e CAHaKBa co U;CJITa Ba ceKoja OpraHl13aI~nCKa YHKu;nja
.,
KaKO 11 co u;eJITa Ha KOMrraHl1jaTa BO U;CJIOCT, a Toa e KpCl1paI-bC
speAHocT UITO KC c03AaAc 3a~~OBOJIeH 11 JIojaJICH rroTpomysaLI, lUTO OJ~
Pa36HpaH,C MCPClbC Ha
Ha nOTpc6HTC ,J,H'3aJIlHpa!bC H pCJJ;H'3ajHHpaILc TCKOBHHTC cBoja CTpaHa ro 06c36eAysa ycrrcxoT Ha epl1pMaTa Ha IIOAOJIr pOK.
H H 6apafbaTa I
Ha CHCTCMOT HHBoa Ha
...
Ha KyrryBaY. rrcpepopManoI

qeKop 4

Pa3BHB3IbC

cTpaTcrHja L..

r'"
3a KBaJU1TCT

feKOp 5 ~

I1MnJICMCHTa~H
MapKcnmr OncpaTHBHH
ja Ha npotJ;ccoT
CTpaTcrHH CTpaTcnm
Ha KBaJIHTCT
,j

qeKoP 6-1 J

TIoCTojano

nOJJ;o6pyBalbc

I -------+- E '
Ha npo~eCOT

l'bBOp: J.1. Coyle, EJ.Bardi, CJ. Langley Jr.: The management of business logistics

6 th ed, West Publishing Company, USA, 1996, p.54l

6. I1MrrJICMCHTaU;Hja Ha npoqccoT Ha KBaJII1TCT. MHpHa, CcKTHBHa

HMnJICrvICHTaI~Hja C OCHOBHa 3a yCIICX. Hcoflxop;eH C IIJIaH Koj KC

BKJIyLIl1 BpetvlCHCKI1 pacflopep; 11 JIHCTH OJ~ HCOIIXOJ~HI1 pccypCI1. QBa

Ke rrOMorHC 130 06C36CJWBaI-beTO YCflcx Ha J~o6po pa36paH 11

H3BpLlICH rrpou;ec Ha KBaJII1TCT.

7. KOHTI1HyHpaHo I1oJ~o6pYBalbc IIa npOIJ;cC(H

158 I 159
 IX. I1H~OPMAUMCKM CMCTEMM no
JIOfMCTMKATA

1. MH<llOpM3l1,HjaT3 K3KO no,rJ;JlOra 3a AOHecyn3lbe ynpanynaQKH OAJlyKH no

KOMII3HHHTe

TIoBeKenaTH HarJIaCCHa1'a CJIO>KCHOCT Ha oKpy>KyHaH)cTo 130

KoeILITO epyHKqHoHHpaaT KOMnaHHHTC ~eHec nocTojaHo ja 3rOJICMyna
HCIBBeCHOCTa BO pa6oTCtbC1'O, 0WIOCIlO, ja HaJIara HeonXOJ~HOCTa OJ~
h,+, TI (i!
~)P()JfIH HH'-}'0pMaqmr. pou;eCOT Ha nOHccyBaH)C O~JIYKI1 flO BaKBH
yCJIOBH rrOBeKe HC npeTcTaByB3 CWIOC1'aBHa H pynIHcK3 pa60Ta.
I1MajKH ja rrpCHBHp; OCHOBlW1'a I~CJI Ha epYHKI~HOHHpaI-hC H1
rrpCTIrpHjaTHjaTa ~ oCTBapYB3tbC rrpoepIIT, 31 IIITO HeMa l~HJICMa p;CKa C
~IO)KHO ca!\10 IIpCKy 3al~OBOJIYBatbC Ha IIOTpc6HTC Ha rrcnpomyllcPUI:TC,
H3JI'OJICM l~CJI P;CIIOBlIH OJ~JIYKH CC HocaT co I~CJI Aa cc BOCIlOCTaBH CKJIap;
IIOMcfy IIOTcHqHjamH HCl KOMrIaHHH1'C H no6apYB<:p-IKaT3 Ha rrc:napOTo
OlHIC 01V1YKH rCHl~paTiHO \\()>KC l(a I1\laaT i\IaPKCTlllflIlKCl IIJIlI qmHClHcIICKCl
1~II\ICII31Ijao

KBa:mTCTOT HCl orpyKIITC BO Ilaj rO.1C\Ia \ICpa 3armCII O~~

KBaJIHTCT01' HCl HIICpOp\laqmrrc co KOli MCHaucpHTC pacrrO;IaraaT npH
0JPYlfYB<:lI:-f,CTO. BCYIIIHOCT, HaMClnYBatbCTO liLt HCW3RCCHOCTLt IIpH
o;V1Yl.rYBaH,CTO C p;npCK1'HO IIOl)p'3aHO II npOIIopr~IlCmaJIHO co
IloccrWBalbCTO KB<:WHTC1'HH, TOt:.IHH H HaBpCMCHlI I[Hepopi\Ial~HH.
,IJ,CHCC HHcpopMaIJ,I1jaTa HMa KapaKTCp Ha 6a3IIt:.ICH pccypc 3aCnHO
co Kap;apOT H CpC~C1'BaTa 33 pa6clTa.
Ho CCKaKO J~eKa 31 COrJIC~YBatbC Ha BpCKH1'C nOMcry
yIIpaByB1 t:.IKlITC LtKTHBHOCTH 130 IIJ1amrpalliC1'O, opraHl13Hp3thC1'O 11
KOHTpOm.lTLt, OH CHHa CTpaHa 1'1 KKlHTI1TCT01', epopMaT1 H TOl.IHOCTa Ha
paCIIOnO)K.nHBHTC IIHepopMaqml, OA APyra crpaHa, HconXOWIO 6llJIO Aa
nOMHHe ncpHOp; Ha pa3Boj, OC06CHO EO 06JIaCTa Ha HHepOpM3IVICKaTa
TeXHOJIOrHja. Bo C)Boj KOHTCKC1', KpajoT 1I3 20-01' 11 not:.lCTOKOT Ha 21-01'
BCK C Bpet\lcHcKH IlCpHOr~ op; IIOCCOHO 3HaQCH)C 6HHcjKH co6IrpatLCTO,
COpTHpLtlliCTO II M3HHuYJIIlpatbCTO co IIIIcpopMaqmITC 130 CCKoj cerMCHT
or~ pa601'CI-LeTO Ha KOMnaHHHTe e KOMrrjyrepH3HpaHo. CC1'O CHla yKa)KyBa

61 o
LI,OIICCYBaIbCTO OlVlyKH H<.I MeHClI,IepHTC Hc 3<.1SHCIlO on Toa H~l KOC Xl1cpapXI1CKO
HHRO CC lIaoraaT C HHBII~l ceKojp,HcBH<.I 3<.11~a'lil 11 C IIOBp3ilHO co pemaBalbC lIil
KOHKpCTHH npo6m':MH 1tnH IIaK co HCKOpI1CrYB<.IIbC Ila orrpCJ~CJIelIa MU)\(!lOCT I1JIl1
lllaHCI1 WTO I'll HY1~11 OKpy)\(yBafbt.'TOo 0PUOJIC!\IUT C IJITO ceKuram IIocrojerr
rIOUeKC MO)\(HH aJITCpIlanlBH 3Cl pClllClBaIlJC Ha nrryaU;11jcLTa, a H36opOT Ha
Hajp,06pelTa aJITCpIlan1Ba e MO)\(eil caMO ilKO CC paCllonara co COOp,BCTIIH
HllepopMal~HH.

161
Ha IIOTpc6aTa O~ OpraHl1311paH rrpl1CTan 80 ynpasyBaHJCTO CO 0Ll; HCnOCTaTOKOT Ha I1HCpOpMal~l1If nOTpc6HM 3a AOHccyBaI-bC
HHepOpMau,l1l1TC WTO ~CHCC CC npaBYI npCKY l1HepOpMaqHCKl1 CHCTCMl1 llITO pCJICBaHTHM OAJIyKH. TOL[HOCTa BO HHepopMHpatbCTO BO
CC epOpMl1paaT Ha pa3nlFIHH mlBoa 11 3a pa3nW-IHI1 epYHK[~11l1 BO JIOrHCTHKaTa C P;CHCC rrpCTnOCTaBKa 3a ycncllIcH HaTIIpCBap co
KOMnamUnC. KOHKYPCHI~MjaTa If H3roTBysalbe ycrrcllIHH CTpaTcrIfH Ha
KOMIIaHl1j3Ta.
I1HepopMaIJ;UCKaTa rrO):U:J;pmKa U p::l3BOjOT Ha KOMrrjyTcpcKHTC EepHKaCHOCT so KOMyHHKau,MjaTa - 03HaQYBa 6p3HHa Ha
TCXHl1Kl1 CC C)l)-lH O~ rnaBHInC rrpW-lHHH 3a 3rOnCMYBaI-bC Ha 3HaQClbCTO KOMYHHI~HpalbC nOMcry pa::HlH'-IHM ll:cnOBM Ha MHepopMaIJ,HCKHOT
Ha Cl1TC KOMnOHCHTH Ha nOrHCTW-!KHOT MCHaUMCHT. Docc6Ha ynora BO CHCTeM so KOMnaHHjaTa, 0AHOCHO nOMcry pa3JlU'-IHII HHBoa Ha
pa3BojoT Ha nOflICTHt-IKl10T MCHaUMCHT, UHepOpMal~UCKHOT CUCTCM 11Ma OAJIyqysalba, XIICapXl1CKII Ha6JbYAyBaHO. DpHToa C MHory 6lITHO
KaKO nOApWKa 3a KOHIJ;HnHpaI-bC II CIIPOBC~YBaHJC KOHKypcHTcKa )~a cc ycornacH ja3I1KOT H MCTOp;OJIrHjaTa Ha KOMyHHU;lIpaI-bC
nOnHTHKa H CTpaTcrHja Ha ycnyraTa Ha IIOTpollIyBa'-Hl'rC. MCHaUMCHT nOMcry pa3JIl1QHH KOpHCHHIJ;IL
lHrepOpMaqHcKHoT CHCTCM BO npcTrrpHjaTHcTo no~pa36Hpa HCOrrXO~Ha CTaHp;apAHaTa npC3CHTal~Hja Ha pc13JIHQHHTC HHepopMaIJ;HOHH
OnpCMa 33 CHCTCMCKO epyHKIJ;HOllHpalbC, rrpou,c)wpa no Koja CC pa60TH BO nOTpc6H Ha pa3JIl1QHHTC yrrpaByBaqKl1 HHBoa 80 cAHa KOMnaH~a
CHCTCMOT U KOHCQHO nyrcTo KOl1 ja orrcny)l(yBaaT U KOo~HHHpaaT H3fJICLl;a BaKa:
pa60T3Ta Ha pa3JIH'-IHU snC3HO - H3nC3HH nHHUU Ha HHepopMau,UCKHTC
CI1CTCMIL CJI. 29 XHcpapxHcKo lIa6':hYAYUalhC Ha rroTpc6HTC OJ).
I1HepopMau,HCKaTa orrpCMa, npou,CAypaTa H nyrcTo KpcupaaT HllflJopMau,lul
HHcpopMau,HCKII TCKOBH KaKo 3a TI:HCBHHTC, OnHOCHO, oncpaTHBHHTC
rroTpc6H, TaKa H 3a CTpaTcnICKHTC opraHH3al~HCKH aKTHSHOCTlL Op;
rrpCTXO)l,HOBO 6H MO)l(CnC Act KOHcTaTHpaMc nCKa MeIW(lJ.;temu
llH(jJOpMOl{llCf..:lLOLU CUCUleM 80 edHa KOMrimLUja CipeLunua8y8a
HH(I)()p\lal\I!~ TOil .\IJHal,'\ICHT
llf-uueZpUpClf-be fla l-taCLOpLUue Ha .flyzeluo U .aUllll-liUUe 3a Cllpo8edY8Clf-be 'jd crpdTclllKO
llf-lC!JOpJl,Wl{IlCKU IloopUlKa Ita oiiepOlUU8l-UUUe, }'ripa8Y8U'-lKLUUe U naHllpalLc II 1[()lIccynJl'{,C

pa3.!1ll L fflU cjJYHKl{lLOHaJ1J-lll aClleKLuu l-{{l o O,;1Y Ly8af-beLUO, (l!l."lyf,;II

KBanHTCTOT Ha HHepOP~IaI~l1l1TC C onpC)l,CnYBa'-IKl1 epaKTOp 3a MCHdl,l\ICfi'; li'l

p;oHCCYBalbC Ha KBa.1HTCTHl1 yrrpaByBaQKH op;nyKH, 0Ll; KOj 6uno SHLl;. epci,II'l HIII\\\

KaKO Kny'-IHH KapaKTcpHCTHKH Ha KBanHTCTOT Ha HHepopMHpaI-bC BO

CHCTCMOT CC CMCTaaT:
,IJ,ocTanHoCT Ha IIHepOpi\IaU;HjaTa- fO npcTcTaByBa npOIJ;CHTOT Ha
111I(!Jop\rdl\l1l1 'jJ lUJllllpall,c, r\l\llceynalf,c OI\!lyKH !<oll'rp< \.1 HI)
pacnOnO)l(JUIBOCT Ha 6apaHllTC IIHepOp"-Iall,HH 3a nOTpc6HTC 3a II Klllr-rpo.~d HllilO
AOHCCYBalbC onpCAcnCH11 yrrpasyBaLIKll OP;JIyKH. DpaKcaTa Ha
epYHKIJ;HOH11palbC Ha HajrOJICMHTC U HajpacnpoCTpaHCTl1
KOMfIaHHH Ha CSCTOT rrOKa)l(ysa ACKa HajqCCTO HCAoCTHfOT op; ~lll(I)(\p\lal(11i1 'jd Ill\llccynalLc II~1 UlICPdTlllllIl1 (lit1yKII OllcpaTIII\I/\ '

HHepOPMal~l1H pC3ynTllpa co P;oHCCYBaI-bC Ha nOrpClUHI1 OLl;JlYKH.

Toa C MO)l(c6H HajH3pa3cHO 80 06naCTa Ha ynpasyBCubcTO Ha
C=. WlIplIlla H,l ![I[Cp()p'!IlpalbCTO
~
nODICTlFIKHTC aKTH13HOCTH, OLl;IIOCHO BO KOHI~CIIHpatbCTO Ha
nOHn~aTa Ha ycnyra 3a nOTpoIIlyBa'-IHTC (np, CCKoralll Kora HCMa
np0I13BOAH BO Maral~HHOT, CKJIaAHIIlTCTO HnH np0j:~a[mm~aTa).
TULIHOCT Ha mlepopMal~HjaTa -fO oTcnHKyBa npOI~CHTOT Ha rIPCJ~XUJ~H<'lTa CJHIKa rrOK(l;'Kyna IIa HCKOJ1KY npClHIIJlHOCTi! 1)0

BHCTHHUTlr I-IHepopMaL~HH KOIi CC rrOHYAcHH Ha MCHaIJCpWl'C. Hc e m-ICpOp\I!lpaI!>CTO I1,-l "ICIlClI,l\ICHTOT BO KO\maHHHTC:(12

J\IaJI GpOjOT Ha nCJIOBHH CJIyLIacIHI uno I10Ka)l(YBaaT ACKa

HCTOLlHOCTa H<l HIICpopMaqIHrrc IIOHCKOraI!I C II IIOI'onCM rrpo6nCM , \' !-)()/IL:,.\ ;\cll1l()\ic :\Lt)kcril1~ 1(\~I\tlb f':k()[\()!l1,ki F~lkultct. I-ko~)ad. :::U{)--L ~t)
-++ ')

162 163
 3Hal.lCl-beTO Ha l1HepopMI1pal-beTO paCTC co nOHI1THYBalheTO Ha
2. Mery3aBHcHOCT ua HucIJopMau,HHTe

XlleapXI1CKOTO HHBO Ha 01lJIY~IYBalhe: Ha nOnI1COKllTe HliBOa

H TeKOBHTe Ha "POH3BO,LJ,OT BO JlOrHCTHKaTa

llHepOpMaU;l1IITe CJIy)KaT 3a }l,OHccyBaI-bC CTpaTCrHCKO-TaKTI1~IKI1

OP;JIyKH, AOAcKa Ha HHCKI1Te Hl1Boa II06apyBal.lKaTa e 3a BCKC YKa)KaBMC Ha cPaKToT AeKa HHepopMaIJ;HjaTa AeHec BOOIIllITO, a
Ha TOj Hal.lI1H H BO CHTe 06naCTI1 Ha epyHKU;HOHHpaI-bC npcTcTaByBa
lIHepOpMaU;UH oA OnepaTI1BHO-TpaHCaKU;HOHCH TI1H.
OCHonCH pccypc. Cn0601'HO MO)KC Aa ce yTBpJ'I1 AeKa KBaJII1TeTHH H
OnCerOT Ha I1HepOprvWllHH ce UmpH KOH nOHI1CKHTC XHpepXHCKH
eepHKacHH l'IHcPOpMaI'HH ce CpU;CTO Ha nOfHCTW-IKHOT McHaUMcHT.
HHlma: Ha BpmmOT MCHa~IMeHT H epYHKl~HOHaJIHHTe MeHaI,IepU 11M
BCyIIlHOCT, l'IHepopMaI'HHTc npcTcTanyBaaT IIoBp3yBal.lKa KapHKa Ha
CC nOTpc6Hl1 110MaJIKy BJIC3HH I1HepOpMaU;I1H (6H~,ejKH
CHCTCMOT Ha JIOrI1CTHKa H IIpaKTHl.lHO fH COCJI,HHyBaaT pcnaTHBHo
p,OOHBaaT nOnrOTBCHl1 0JVlYKH 0ll, IIOHHCKHTC HllBOa), ~'OnCKa HJ
caMocTojHwrc o6nacnI Ba JIOrHCTHy.KHOT CHCTCM H co Toa fO
KmrrpOJIOpWrC H cynepI-nnOpIITC HCOIIXOJVIa HM C IIOUmpOKa
YHa[fpcJ~YBaaT HHBHOTO cHHcprcTcKo ncjCTBynaIbc. KnaJIHTCTOT,
HHepOpMJU;llCKa 6a3a.
npHKJIanHOCTa, 6p3HI-IaTa, H BHCTHHOCTa Ha HHepopMaU;HIHc IIlTO rH
IIpOInBeJ~YBa norHCTIPIKHOT HHcPopMaU;HCKH CHCTeM ce IIpcTIIocTaBKa 3a
:<0 tvIII aImj err a Mopa nocTojaHo 1'a pacnOJIara CO a;,eKBaTHH lII-H:pOptvIal'HH
1'OHccynaH)c Ha ccPHKacHH oJ~nYKH 3a pa3BHBaIbC Ha OCHOBHHTe
30 epyHKqHja Ha 1'OHecyBaI-be KnanHTCTHH O1'JIyKH.
nOrHCTHl.lKH pa60nI; t.ICCTO JIorHCTW-IKHTC IIHcPopMaIvm MO)KC J,a
rrocny)KaT H KaKO KOpCKTHBCH epaKTOp IIpH cnq,cHKTo HJ cPH3lP-IKHTC
eJi. 30 npII'-IHHH 3a cooHpatbC HHPOpMalV1H BO KoMnaHHHTC
TCKOBH Ha ~raTcpHJ3nHTc If npoH3ROD:HTC.
nOHLlTOI~HTC 3Cl J~BmKcH)cTO lIa CypOBHIIHTC II PCIlpO\IaTCpHjamITC

IIo!J:oopyn:lILC 1I:l
MCPCILC 11:1 HeL BJIC30T BO np(HI3BO;~CTBCHHOTnpoqcc, KaKO H C.ncJ~clheTo Ha TCKOT Ha
IICpepOpM:lIICI! "POW{ROHCTBOTO, ce on KanWraJIHO 'mal.lClhC 3(1 JIOiHCTTflIKlfOT l\ICII~lI.rCp.
KOHl-:: ypCIITCK:lLl

D(HHI(IIJ:l
J;llICpopMaqIfHTc 3a cocTojoaTeL Hel 3anHXHTC Ha cwre j,.nrrH Ha ctm'HP-IKaTa
WICTPHOY[~Hja Ha CTOKaTa Ha CJ~Ha KOMIIaHHja, I10TOa, HHepOP.\Ell~HHTC
rlo;~u(ipYBaILc H:l
PC;(Y[~llpalbC 11:1 IUTO CC op,HccynJaT Ha IIo6apyBaI-belTa 11 fI()TpC6aTet 33 cepBHC lfa
llPOMOll,llOllaT:l
~)HI[allCIICKllOT
IIo:mI~lIj:l IloTpolIIyna~n['re CC catvro HeKOH OH Hl[cPopMa~H1rrC KOH IIpeTcTaBynaaT
PWHlK IW)KHa KClpHKa 3a epynKqHjaTa Ha JJ:cnOBHJTa nOrHCTI1.Ka. l1ero TaKa, 3a
IIJIaCMaH Ha epHHJnHIITC npOH3BOll,II Ha TIa3apOT e tv1Hory B3)KHO
YU<lIIpe;.J:YB;:UbC H:I noceJ~YBaI-beTO Ha IIOBpaTHH Hl-IcPopMaI~HH OJl, na3apOT.
nCTcp~nlllnpalLe H:I
fluoplnc nO;:U\pIIlKaTa 3a
I1HcPop~lal~HHTC KOH BJIerynaaT BO IIHcPopMa~HCKHOT CHCTeM Ha
OJ\HOCOT CO
I1l[(!)OPM:lI~IBl AoHCCYBafbe OAJlyKH
KOMnaHHjaTa, no cBojaTa COJl,)KHHa, MO)KaT Aa 6HgaT pa3HOBHAHH H 3aToa
II( lTPOUl yBa cIHTC OB03.\1OA\:YBa:lT
OCHORHa '3aJ~ay.a Ha Bpa60TCIUITC KOH CC 3aHHManaaT co opramI3aI,Hja Ha

L
cPWHI'-IKaTa 1'HCTpH6yl(IIja Ha CTOKaTa e OD: XCTcporCHHOT 36Hp Ha TaKa
IIoTBpnyB;:ULC 11Jll[ n0611CHH HHcPopMaql1H J~a rH oJu~eJIaT H CTaBaT BO cPYHKI~Hja OBHe KOH CC
CJICACILC H:I OTcPpJlalbC peJICBCUITHH 3a oonaCTa Ha nOiHCTHKaTa.
CH'lY,\[~IlFlTa OKOJly mrrYUTHBHlI OAJIYKII
Hajy.ecro, pa3JIJIlIHH IIHepoprvraU;HH Cf3HCTHpaaT Ha pa3JIH'-IHH
lIac
HHBoa na nOrJ1.CTHKaTa, OJ~HOCHO TCKOT Ha npOH3BOAOT BHaTpc 11 HClD:BOP
on IlpeTIlpHjaTHeTO. HHI3HaTel rJIaBHa ynora C Aa OB03MO.>KH HCCMCTaHO
IIO)(llfuyBaILc 11:1
KOOP)~llllllpalbC 11:1
c(IJCKTlIBHOCT:I lla CPYHK[~HOHHpaI-beHa JIOrHCTHLIKHTC TCKOHH IIOMCf'y ;,BC HnH IlOBCKC mmoa
crpaTclllKll OJl,JIyKH
naKOHOilCIf,C Ha ctJH3J1y.KaTa J'l1CTPH6Y~Hja Ha IIpOH3nOJ~OT.
Ha rrpHMCp, CpU3HY.KOTO ll,BH.>KCH,C net cypOBl1HHTC,
I1()JIYIIPl)H3HOJ~HTe H rOTOBIlTC [IpOIl3BOr,H og BJIC30T BO IIpOH3BOJ~CTI30TO

165
164
ll,O npCp;aBafLe Ha nOTpolllyBa l-J:OT II 06paTHO, KaKO II P;BII:>KClhCTO Ha

IIo3HU;HoHHpalhcTo Ha HHepopMaI~HHTe BO JIOfHCTHLJKHOT CHCTCM C

HHepOpMaU;IIIITC HII3 JIOfIICTIIl-J:KIIOT naT HII3 KOMIIaHHj:na HVI e npHKa)l(aH

63 BKJIyl-J:CHO BO p;Ba THna Ha TeKOBH BO npeTrlpHjaTHcTo:

co CJICP;HHOT npIIKa3.
Bo KOOpp;HHHpal.IKH aKTHBHOCTH (JIOfHCTHl-J:KH H gpyfH)
CJI.31 ):(BIUKCIhC na TCKOBHTC na ,IJ,06pa II IIlIq)oPMaI~HII lun
OncpaTHBHH aKTHBHOCTH (npcJ~ CC, oA JIOfHCTHtIKH
npOH3BO,IJ,HHOT H IIpOMCTHHOT npoll,CC
KapaKTcp).

TCKH3 KOOpp,HHHpal-J:KHTe aKTHBHOCTH BO npCTllpHjaTHjaTa

cypOBl1Ha npcTcTaByBaaT IIJIaHCKI1 aKTHBHOCTI1 op; crpaTCfl1CKH H epYHKU;110HaJICH

THn, p,op;cKa oncpaTHBHHTC aKTHBHOCTH cc op;HccyBaaT Ha npou;cc KOj
11 HepopMaI~HH 3anOLJHyBa co CHCTCMOT Ha IIopal.IKH, npOll,OJI)I(yBa co peaJIl-l3aI~Hja Ha
nOpatIKaTa 11 TpaHcIIopT Ha CTOKaTa J~o nOTpolllyBal-J:OT lIlTO ce fJICp;a op;

HJBOpH .-----------------------------------------------------~ CJICp,HHOT npHKa3.

Ha HHCboDM3U ITPOH3BOgCTBO Ha I I1HCpop,\lau

cypoBHHa ...... ~ CJI 32. JIorHCTHQKH HH$opMall,HORH TCKOBH
nOJIynpoH3BO;J:H
TeK
D
TCK Ha WI

CypOIH1H cypomUI .", I1naH.........--:.,.'.. . ,.... ..........~

'-'0-...
",,~

.j-. ..., ~
CTP'lJ:~[.!!K!1,,> ~":IIQl:!1GTli~pnaH H~~I1.rIaH Wl
... ~
TCK H;1
----+ 3aJIHXa M;1TCPHJ;1JIOT BO 3aJIHXa H8,
"P 03BOI\CTllOTO

TCKUT H~I TeK Ha fUTO/Hl

KpaCH
~lTIp~g~f?~lte.co
3anHXHTe
.1
\l;lTer~lJaJlOT B<J rrpmnBoJ\H

J npuw3BOHcTBUT -+ KOpHCH
HK

ITp()H3Bllgcfn
o Ha ctHlH,L1HH
I1HCpOp\lal\H
H
................................... ~ fla3ap Ha

...
VIHcpUp~lal\HH

.- ..
~- ~-.., '-:::,.... T . . .'-;-.., ..
npOHJBOJ~H ~)mraJIHHTe KpaCH . . . . . . . ()t)paoq:...;~- . . JJqr~I~:1'Yl:~<~.', . " ,.PClCH';;~~~ ~
~
11 HCI)Op \laI~H
IlPOH3130J\H KOpllCH
YlK
nOpCi qI.::a
"):rKCi Ha ':I~g 2>
"":>=~o pT 11. /~
/D()PCi~-:IR:9T.k,~'t)rrepaLlH~<;/I1I~,IJ()pg~ /'
:tW QCig~Ci '>
7
II
~:/ Ka /L
I //
TCKOT Hd
"ldTepHjaJIOT IlU
.......

vI HCll\ )p~lal\H II
~
'---------- / / /::./
..

~
npUtnBC)!\CTBUT

KpaCH
KOpHCH
HK Op; CJIHKaTa MO)[(.C J~a cc BHAH ACKa JIOrHCTHqKHTC flHepUPMctI~HOHH
TCKUBH rH nOBp3y13aaT KOopAHHHpaqKH aKTHBHOCTH no rrpCTnpl1JaTI1JaTa,
KaKO UITO C crpaTCDrCKOTO nnamrpaH,C, IL'1amrpaH,C Ha KaII1qI1TCTIITC,
lIJr1HOT '31 JIOrHCTW-[KH aKTHBHOCTH, IInaHoT '~a rrpOI-BBO;'CTBO H [[JElIIOT
\' BUl.lC. S .. \cirn()\ic. iv[arKcting Loglstib. FKOllOlll.SKI FaKultct. IkugLld. 2l)().+. stl
--L'i'+

I()O 167
Ha HaUaUKa;l1pYITOa IiHepOpMal~IHlTC 0)]; IlJIaHOT 3a Ha6aBKa BneryBaaT
KOMnaHHJaTa, a )];a cc HCTpa)KyBaaT TCKOBHHTC oncpaI~HH co u,cn p;a cc
KaKO mmYTH BO I1pOU,CCOT Ha npOH3BO)];CTBO, )];Op,CKa IlaK HHepopMaIl,YlHTC
H)];CHTHepHKyBaaT o6naCTHTC WTO 6apaaT cncp,ClhC.
Oll, nnaHOT Ha I1POH3BO)];CTBO uncryBaaT KaKO HHIlyTH UO I1naHOT Ha
3Hay:ajHo C Ha OBa HHUO p,a CC HHTcpBjyHpaaT pa3nHY:HH HHBoa Ha
JIOrHCTHKaTa.
MCHaI,IMCHT. Ha BaKOB Ha'-IHH KOMl1aHHjaTa MO)KC p,a onpcp;cnH KaKBH
Oll, ,lJ;pyra CTpaHa, JIOrHCTHY:KHTC HHepopMaIl,HCKH TCKOBH CC
CTpaTcrHCKH Ii oncpaTHBHH op,nyKH CC HocaT H KaKBH YlHepopMaIl,HH H BO
I1PHCYTHH H EO ,lJ;cnOT Oll, oncpaTHBHHTC nOrHCTWJKH nOTCHCTCMH
KaKBa epopMa CC IlOTpc6Hl1 3a op,nyQyBalhC.
nOl.IHyBajKH Ot\ rrpoqccoT Ha 1l0pa'-IKa, npCKY ClITC AHCTpH6yTHBHH pa60TH
Cncp,HHOT l.JCKOp C IIcnHTyBaH>C Ha TCKOBlurTC MO)KHOCTH 3a
AU TpaHcIlopTOT H npCJ\aua~bcTo Ha npOH3BO,lJ;OT; YlHepopMaIl,HHTC oll,
06pa60TKa Ha IlO)];aTOIl,l1TC BO KOMlIaHHHTC co Il,cn p,a cc oncpcp;cnH KaKBII
HaOaUK,-lTa MO)KaT l~a 6Hll;aT mmynr 3a llJBpmyuaH:>c Ha TpaHcnopTHH
IlpOMCHH CC nOTpc6Hl1.
aKTl11ll10CTH, 3a t\OCl1pcMyua~bc Ha npcHBUOl.l,OT uo npCTIlpHjaTHcTo.
Ha Kpaj 6a3aTa Ha nOAaTOIl,II MO)KC J\a OHp,C KpCHpaHa :II
VI HepopMaIl,HIlTC Oll, IIPOI~CCOT Ha yrrpauyuaH)e co 3aJIHXHTC ce HCTO
II3BCWTaHTC lW 6111l;aT p,YI3ajHIIpaHH 3a MCHaI,IMCHToT H~IajKH Dr npcp;uIIll,
pCJIeBalITHl1 H 3a KOHI~HI1Hp,-nbe Ha nOrHCTHqKHOT rrJlaH Ha aKTHUHOCTH H . .
TpOIllOIl,HTC H KOPMCHOCTHTC OA CCKOJ H3BCWTaJ.
3a cnpouclwualhc Ha npoqccoT Ha cKnall,HpaI-bC, Malumynarvrja co
A06ap )];YI3ajH Ha CMCTeMOT Mopa p,a 6Hp,C op; KOpHCT 3a
cToKaTa, TpaHcIIopT H epHHanH3HpaH>e Ha cepBHcoT Ha I1(npowyBaY:YlTc.
MCHaI,IMCHTOT KaKO H p;a 06e36cp,H p,BH)KCH>C Ha IlHepopMau,MHTC op;
Toa 31Ial.1II l~cKa 3ap;aQa Ha ynpaByBaI-bCTO co 3anIiXHTC I1pcTcraByBa
MCCTOTO Kap,e UITO THC ce c06HpaaT p,o COOABCTHO HMUO Ha MCHaI,IMCHTOT.
CHIlxpoHlr::nlpalIoTu t~8H)KCH)e II <1 TCKOBHTC Ha npoH3BoAOT H
TcncepOHII, TCnCrrpmITCplI H BpCKII Mcfy KOMnjyTepHTc CC caMO
HllepopMaqHwrc 80 JlOrHCTWIKHOT CHCTeM Ha HHepop~IHpaH>C.
HCKonKy oJ~ Cpcp,cTBaTa co KOH fl,IO)Ka1' p,a ce TpaHcepcpHpaaT
IlHep()pI\laI~lm. 3a JJ:0nOJIHlITCJIHa o6pa6oTKa Ha IlHepopI\laqHlITc
3. )])najHupCHf,C Ha IU1tP0pMalJ,nCKl-ne CHCTeMH
KOMIljy1'epwHlpaHH01' YlHepopMaqHcKH CMCTCM t-.lOpa t~a uoccAyua
MO)KHOC1'H 3a LIyRaI-hC Ha nOHaToIune.
)[orHCTWIKHOT MCHal,l~ICHT lUICpOp\laqHcKH CHCTCi\I e HCOIlxon,eH
[loll,aTOUI1TC Ha nOrIICTlIl.KH1'C llHepop~laUHCKtl CIICTCt-.m 1\IO){Za1' ga
:sa )~a I'o oGc30C)l,H MeHJ.I,lMCHTOT co 3HaCILC 3a HCKOpHcTyBJ.E-bC Ha HUUH
n:ojWlT Ol~ noncKc 1I3UOpH OJ~ KOB Haj3Hal.lajHM CC CJICp,HHHC:
I1,-napIl, na H,-llIpaBH npoMcIllI no )(InajHoT Ha aMUana)KaTJ., 1~J. HaupJ.BH
t. C1IC1'C.\1 3a o6pa6oTKa Ha nopa qKMTC;
npaUHJICIi IUOOp lIa CKnaJ\llIlITC na rll 'JI'OJIC\UI IIJIH HaI\I~L1H 'J'-L1HX.wre, p,J.
2. 1I3BCI1lTaH Ha KOMnaHlljaTa;
ja OIlPCW~J1l[ npOCptrra6I!J1HOCra Iia Ilo1'pomyBa l.IHTC, l~a BucnOCTaBH
3. no,o:aTOIl,II op, CTOlIaHCTBOTO;
lIpm!:lIITa6HJIHO HHBO Ha yCJIyra 3a Kynyua (lIITC, p,Ll yu6cpc TpaHcrropTCp H
4. nOJ~aTOIl,H op, MCHaI,I.\reHT01';
Aa CHIPC)~CJIH KOj CHCTCM Ha 06pa601'Ka Ha IIOpWIKHTC KC OHp,C
aUTOMaTH3I1paH.
3a Jl,3 fll Jl,OHeCC OBue CTpaTerUCKU O,J,.;1yKU MCH31,1MeHTOT Mopa J),a
t. CHCTCMOT Ha o6pa601'Ka Ha IlopaLIKH1'c 06c36cp,yBa
3Hac KaKO Ke ce "pOMeHyBaaT TpOlUOlJ,IITe H npUXO;J;UTe 3aBHCHO OJ),
nOAaTOUII 3a no KalVIJ a Ha n01'pomyBa l.lHTC, npcp,Mc1'II1'C
COOJl,BCTHU aJ1TepHanfBJI lUTO 6H ce u36pa.1e.
UlTO cc 6apaaT, npIlxoJ\H1'C no nOTpomyBal. II no
EJ~CH Hanpcp,CH CHCTCM 33 o6pa6oTKa Ha lIOpal.JKH C clloco6cH p,a npoM3Bo,o:, npoJ~a)KHaTa mCMa, rOJICMIIHa Ha nopaY:KHTc H
06c36c)~u ~IIlory III-lepopMaIl,lIH Ha pa::HlH'-IHH op,geJIlI uo opraHH3aUIIja1'a. npoAana'-IHTc.
TCpMI1HaJIUTC 3a npIICTarr KOH flOp,aTOI~HTC !\1O)KC l~a OHp,aT Hal1p3UCHlI 2. I13BclUTawrc Ha KOMl1aHHjaTa 06c36cp,yBaaT YIHepopMall,l1H
)~OCTanHH )'0 JIOrIICTIILIKIIOT MCHal,lMCHT, MCHJ.I,I.\[CHTOT Ha UpOH3BOp,CTUO 3a TPOlIIOI~I1TC Ha rrpoH3BoACTBOTO II JIOrMCTHKaTa,
II MapKCTHHr OlU~CJIOT. CHCTCM01' MO)KC ll,a 06C36q\H pa3JIH'-IHH pCp,OBHH KanHTanHHTC Tp 0 IIIOI.J:II, pecypcII1'c Ha KOMflaHIIja1'a II
Il3BCIIITall KaKO H H3nCIII1'J.H 'Ja MOMCHTaJlHa cocroj6a no 6apmbc. M3HOCOT IIOTPOIIICH 3a pa3JIIIl.JHIl paooTH KaKO lII1'O C
J],H3ajHIlpaI-bCTO Ha JIOrIlCTWIKHTC HHepopMal~I1CKH CllCTCi\lH Tpc6a oCYlrYPYBaI-bC1'O, J~aHOll,MTC, oIll1'eTYBalha H CJl.
Wl I1U l llIC co HCITIITyBaH>C Ha IIUTpCOHTC H<.l 1I(.:npomyna qlnC H 3. I1oJ\aToIl,HTC up, CTOIIaHCTB01'O ce ~~o6HBaa1' npcKY
OIlPC1~CJIYBaIhC Ha cTaH!~apl~HTc Ha KapaKTcpI1CTHKH1'C 3<.l A<:1 cc 3all,OBWlaT TproBcKH IIJIH npoepeclIcmanHII opraHII3aI~IIH. Ha npHMcp
THC wnpcGII.
ACNielsen oGc36cJ\YBa H npop,aBa CTaTMCTWIKH nop,a1'OI~H
CJICJ\HO lIITO TpcGa Ha cc HanpalHI C nOTpc6MTC og 3a KOHKypCHIl,lljaTa H HHBHH1'e rra3apHll ynenH. BaKoB BHp,
[[OTporuyBa tIwrc J~a ce C[lCJpC!~aT co TCKOBHHTC cIloco6HOC1'H Ha

16~ 169
 rIHepopMaU;1l1l MO)KaT p;a cc p;o611jaT II O,n; npYfll 113BOPII Ha Ha cncp;HaTa cnHKa c p;al~CHa UICMa Ha enCH (lHepopMaU;HcKll
cCKyHp;apHll rrOnaTOU;Il. CIICTCM Ha JIOfHCTHKaTa co OCHOBHHTC nOTCHCTCMll.
4. ITop;aToU;HTc OJ~ MCHaI,IMCHTOT ce onHecynaaT Ha
pcaKL~m1Tc Ha KOHKypcHIwjaTa, HJ~HHTC TPCH1~OBH BO CJl. 33 JIorHCTHQKH HHcfl0pMal~HcKHCHCTCM co OCHOBHHTC nOTCHCTCMH
npOlp)K6aTa, IIonllTIIKaTa Ha Bnal~aTa, J~OCTaIIHOCT Ha
f1(myp;yBa lHITe H BCPOJClTHHOT ycncx Ha anTcpHaTHBHll
cTpaTcfHH. JIOflICTIll-lKH IIHepopMal~IlCKHCIICTCM
...
CHCTeM Ha CHCTCM Ha YrrpaByBafbe
4. KOIIJJ.CIIT 113 JlOrHcTltQKItTC HHcflopM3JJ.ItCKH CHCTCMH (JU1C) H3BCCTYBClfbe
~ HCTpa)KyBafbc co

EepHKaCHOCTa Ha JIOfHCTWIKHTC orrcpaU;HH C BO l~HpCKTHa

...i , . /~ ...
cPyHKIJ,HHTC
Ha
~
OKpy)KyBa
T k T JIOrHCTHKaTa
KopcnaU;llja CO 06C16cp;yBaI-bCTO w:mpCMCHll II rrpCU;H3HH HHepopMaU;HH BO IbeTO Ha CHCTeM 38 CHCTCM H3
KOMnaHHHTC KaKO II CO pa1MCHaTa Ha COOnBCTHll IIHepopMaU;IlH Mcfy JIOl'IICTliKaTa - ITJI3HHpafLe
rrOlUwmK3 H3 HHTcpml
lL1CHOBIITC BO KaHaJIOT. OBa I'll HanCJWBa KOMl1aHHHTC p;a pa3MlIcnYBaaT ~ -I1MrrJIeMeH
O,fJ,JIy'-l:yB3fbeTO 113BCmT3H
1a IIHepopMaU;IlIlTC nOBp1aHH CO JIOI'llCTHK3Ta KaKO H 3a JIOfllCTllqKH THpmLe

HIlepopMaIJ,l1CKH CHeTCM (JU1C). i - KOOfITPOJI3

i
JIorllcTwlKHOT IIHepopMaU;HCKlI CSCTCM Tpc6a l~a 611nC cconepaTCH I
H cnoco6CH ,n;a OB03MO){(H KO\lYHHK3l~Hja Mcty: 1) cPYHKU;HOHanHl1TC
oonacnl Ha KOMnaHHjaTa (rvlapKcTHHI'oT, npoH3BoP;CTBOTO, epllHaHcHIITc,
JlOI'HCTHKaTa II 3anHxIITc); 2) MCty qnCHOBHTC HCl CYIH~mpwrc H3
CH36J~YBaH)c (npo,n;aB3qIfTC If KynynalIHTc).
BPCJ~HOCT3 LIITO ja H~la p33McHaTa Ha HHcPopMaU;HH rroBp3aHIf co 1. eHCreM Ha H1BccTYEaH)c
rrpOW1)KOaTa, HcnopaKaT3, pacIIopcJ~OT Ha npoH3Bo,n;CTBOTO,
pacnOnO)KnHBOCTa Ha 3aJUIXHTC, cocroj6aTa Ha nopa qKHTC If cnIll-IHO C BO ('llnue),! fUZ Ll3f3ecillY6aHJt' npcTcT,myB3 30Hp op; np0u;cp;yPl1 H H3BOpH
HaCOK3 Ha HarvlanYBaI-bC Ha HCH3BCCHOCTa HH1 CHHI,IHpOT Ha cHa6J~YBaI-bC, KOpHCTCHH on cTpaHa Ha MCHar.rcpwre 3a P;OOHBaI-bC CCKOj,n;HCBHlI
WTO OJ~ cBoja cTpaHa 3Ha'-Hl KOpHCHOCT 3a KOpHCHHU;IlTC Koja noata op; rlHepopMaqrIH 3a 3Ha l lajwI npoMcHH BO OKpY)KYBaI-bCTo. OBI-IC CIICTCMH
pacrroJIaI'athCTO co onpCp;CJICHIl HHepOPi\-laL~HH. BKJIyqyBaaT HCOpM'-UII-Ia H cpopMaIIH3 npou;cp;ypa 3a c06Hpmbc Ha
JIOrlICTWIKHTC IIHepopMaU;HcKH CHCTC~lH cc ,n;cepHHHpaaT KaKO: HHepopMal~HII. Hcepop~IaJIHaTanpOi~CJ~ypa one:paKa aKTHBHOCTH KaKO IllTO
"ClTipyKLuypa ffa .Heiyce61iO oejcLu6y6aJbe fLa Jlyie, oLipe.Mll Ll LiOCLuai7xLl cc rrperJIeJ~ Ha cIIHcaHHja, P;HCBHH BCCHyIl~H H l~pYI'H rry6JIHKaIJ,HH.
"':Oll aaCC)l-lO 0603JHOJICY6aaLU peJle6aJLLUI1li Lll-ujwp.HaqLlll 3U AtCILa(lepLlLUC Ha (POpManHaTa I1pOl~cnypa MO){(C na 6Hnc cnpoBCnCHa or~ crp3H3 Ha
JW2llCiullKalua co LWJ1 lUaHllpal-be, ci7.po6eoY6ul-be II KOflLUp0./W". qJICHOBH HCl KOJICKTHBOT KOH YnupwyEaaT crreqHepw-IHll 3ana l HI Ha
JlOfHCTWIKl1TC YnlepopMaqlIcKH CHCTCMH CC cocraBCHH or~ lIenrpH CJICnCI-LC Ha cc mra WTO H3rJICr~a 3Ha LfajHo 3a KOMuaHlIjaTa HJIH
r:laBHH nOTCHCTCMH H Toa: HHnycrpYIjaT<l.
1. CHCTCM Ha o6pa60TKa Ha nopa lIKHTC;
2. CIICTCi\-l Ha HCTp,DKyB3I-LC M H3BccTyBaI-LC; 2. CIICTCl\1 fla HCTp::DKyBC1lhc
3. CHCTCt\l H3 IIO,n;APWK3 EO oJ~JIYl[YBaI-bCTO;
4. CHCTCM Ha H3BeUITaYI J1CLUP([){Cy()([Il,CLUO rrpcTcTLlnyBa KOMfIOHCHTa IIa JII1C.
O~lHI'JICnHO C r~eKa H HCTpa>KyKaf-bCTO H .TIMC CC cpOp!\mpaHH 3a
CWI"C 3aer~HO OBHC nOTCHCTC~1H Tpe6a na My 06c3GCJ~aT Ha 06C30CrWBC1HIC !l'-l mICpOp!\IaL~HH KOH lIM CJlY)K'-lT Ha OflHC KOH HocaT
.'1CH'HCTWIKHlJT MCHaucp 6narOBpCMClILl H [lPCI~H3Ha HHcl)opt\ral~Hja K<lKO Or~nYKH. 3aT0C1 ce nOCr'-lByn<-l lfpal[[,Hf,CTO BO llITO ce cnCTOY! p,nJTHKClTa
6~na :3a yllpaByBalbc H r~OHCCYBaI-bC OJ~JlYKH. nOMcry HHB.

170 171
 fCHCpaJIHaTa paJnl1Ka C no rrpI10,gOT. nO.D:CKa HCTpa)KyBatbCTO BpCMC BO KOC HCTI1TC CC nOTpc6HH. CCTO Toa CC nHKa CHCTCM 3a
IlOJipa36Hpa rrpOCKTCH npHOJi, JU1C nOApa36Hpa CI1CTCMCKI1 rrpl10Ji. rrO,IJ;ApLUKa na O,gJIyqyBatbCTO HnJ.1 nCC .
Hcrpa)KYl:laI-hCTO ce cnpOnCJiyBa 3a crrCL\l1epWIHI1 cHTyaL\HI1 co KOI1 CC nCC rrpeTcTanyna: "KOOpOllHllpmlO c06upal-be fiooaiuOl(ll.
COO'-lyBa KOMnaHl1jaTa, 1\0,gCKa nl1C nOApa3611pa KOHTI1Hyl1paHo wClTieMu, llHcwpYMellWU II weXHUKll co tlOOOpJKY6a'iKll corjJW6ep II
06C16c[(ynaI-hc co HHepopMaL\I1H.
xap06ep co KOj eOrW op'iaHu3aquja co611[Ja II llHwepiipeiull[Ja 3Ha'iajHll
I. I1CTpa)KYBafheTO IIpcTcTaByBa np06nCl\1CKI1 Opl1CHnrpaHa, UIlOPMal(llll 00 6113HUCOlU II OKpYJ/cY6arbeiuo II 'ill 6paKa Ha3aO 60
JiHCKOHTI1HyHpaHa aKTI1BHOCT 3a pa3nHKa 0[( JlHC KOI1 CC 6a3mTia:w OOJZY'iY6al-be".
jaByBa KaKO CI1CTCM 3a KOHTI1HyHpaHo c06l1paI-hc Ha ACC f'H OIlepaKa aKTHI3HOCTI1TC all CAHOCTaUHO 06C36cJJ:yBatbC H
rro,gaTOI~H. 3apaJl.H Toa I1CTpa)KyBa'IKHTC CTYJ\I1H Haj '-{CCTO ce '-lyl:laH,c I1HepopMaL\HH npCKY CTaTI1CTWLKH aHanH3H KOH I1HTCpCaKTHBHO
HapcKyBaaT IIpUCKTI1; MOACJIl1pafuC.
2. I1CTpa)KYB<lfbCTO C lfUTCCCH nOI1M 0,1.\ nl1C H C CO[(p)[{aH uo CBojaTa e:pYHKL\Hja nCC ja H3BpwynaaT co rrOMOW Ha CJlC,gHHBC
Hcro.
KOMnOHeHTH: CI1CTCM Ha rrOAaTOL\H, CHCTCM Ha MOACJII1 H CI1CTeM Ha
AHjaJIOr KOj MO)KC Aa 611AC KOpHCTCH HHTepaKTHUHO o,g CTpaHa Ha
3.CHcreM Ha I1HTCPIHf 113nClllTaH MCHaJJcpHTe.

CllclTieMOlTi rUl WllTiCpHll 1l.16CllllTiali c0611pa I1HepopMal\HH

rCHCpl1paHH OJ\ HHTcpHlrrc H3UClIlTal1 KOH BKnyqynaaT nopa'IKH, nrCTKI1,
Ilo(iapyB<l!ha, HHBO H<l JLt:IIlXH H (:1. BCylLlIIOCT OHOj CIICTC~I ro OlfepClKa
CJI. 34 CHCTCM 33 IHlA.uPIJJK3 113 OAJIY"YB3fhCTO

C;l.1CTKOBOJ\CTBCHHOT HHepopMaqHcKH CHCTC;l.I, epHllaHCI1CKHTC r"-lBClUTaH

(OHJI<lIlC Het cocrnjoa H (i11J1C1IIC Ha ycncx, WlnCIllTClH ~IH llPI'fXOT(H H CI1CTeM 11<1
nOJ(3TOlll1
TPOII(()I~H, IIOCTojHH HHepOP,\ILtqIlH 3a npmrmOj(HTC, rlpOH3110J-~HHTC
,1HHHH, H cnWIHO. Og npCTxoJ~HO!JO CBHj(CHTHa C llOHyJ(ClTCI Ha rOJlOf (ipnj ~ CHe-reM HJ YlHepOp MCl lll1H
nOnHTOlUI Ja MllOry 1\lapKeTHHr' 0i\JlYKII. AHjaJlor ~

4.CHCTCM 3a llOJU(plIlKa lia ogny'lynaI-hCTO

I CI1CTeM H3
MOJ.\CJIJ.1
Uf
- .
,

3a IlpBIIaT no 80. THTC rOAHHI1 cc epOpMYJlHpaHH OCHOBHHTC

CJICMCHTH HLt KOHL\cnr.\HjaTa Ha CHCTCMH 3a lfOlu\pUlKa Ha OJiJly'lyBafucTO
(Decision Support System -nCe). OBOj KOH1\CflT MO)KC )W cc CMCTa 33 Houa
cpa3a 1:l0 pa3BojOT Ha JIHe.
CliClueM Ha iiooarTiol(II.CUCTeMOT Ha nogaToIW BO eACH nCC fH
MCHal,lCpHTC KaKO HHKoraLU Aoccra cc HaofaaT no CrlTyar\l1ja Aa
llKJIy'IyBa npO!~CCI1TC 3a co6Hpal-hc H MCToAHTe 3a '-lyBaI-hC rrOj:\aTOL\H KOH
pa60TaT no CpC)~HHa lIlTO ja KapaKTcpH3Hpa MHory OCTpa (11 paCTelfKa)
Aoal'aaT og MapKcTHHfOT, CpI1HaHCHUTC, rrpoH3BOACTBOTO KaKO 11
KOHKypCHl\l1ja. THC CC IlPHIlYJ-\CHH J(a peaf'HpaaT Mllory rr06p30 OTKOJ1Ky
HHepopMaL\HI1TC KOH j:\oaraaT OH roneM 6poj CKCTCpHH 11 HHTCpHI1 H3BOpl1.
[UTO ro upal3eJlC Toa lIopaHO, a 1I0C1CJ\H1\HTC OJ( HHI3HHTC OWlyKH
THIIH'-lCH CHCTCM Ha nOJJ:aTOl\H UO eJ~cH nCC 6u HMaJI MOAyJIH KOH
npogHpaaT CC I10Ana6oKO. KUJlKY IlOBCKC nOnaTOl\H CC AOCTanHH, TonKy
cogp)KaT HHe:popMaL\HH o,g nOTpomynatIHTc, OIUllTH, CKOHOMCKI1 11
nOTCUlKO e J~a ce AOHecc OJ\nYK3, 33 WTO C mnpeCillU IlUBCKC OA CJlCll
nCMorpae:pCKH HHepopMal~HH, HHepopMaL\HI1 ~a KOHKypcHTHTe H
~ICHaIJCp. ITapa,1c,lHO co Toa IlaJapOT 1l0crojaHo CC MCHylla, 1I0HCKoraLU
HlIepopi\laqHH og 111lTJ:ycrpHjaTa BKnY'lyBajKH nl na3apmrrc TpCHAOBI1.
Ha H<FIHH UlTO C HccepaTJIll13 3a OHOj UlTO caKa JJ:a OTKpl1C npWll1HCKO
OCHOBHaTa qcn c )(a cc opraHH3HpaaT CHTC nOAaTOL\H BO
f10CJIC)\WlI[H O.D:HOCH.
COO)(IlCTHa epopMa Koja KC 6HgC npuepaTJIHBa flO IlOCTanKaTa 3a
3apa,gH MHOLllTBOTO HHepopMaL\HH llCCTouanl l: TCIIIKC I\a cc
AOIlCCYl3albC OI~nYKU.
HajAaT OHHC BHCTHHCKHTC 33 oupCAcnCH npo6J1cr-.r. 3a Taa L\cn cc KOpHr-r"
Cllciuc.M lUI AtO()C.IlIl. CHCTCMOT Ha MOACJlH HI BKny'lyBa cwre
COHPCMCIIaT<1 rlHepopMaTH'1Ka TeXHuJlorHja KojaUI'I'U, co npl1J1arOn CH
1I0CHIIlKH KOH 11M g03BOJlYBaaT Ha KOPHCHI1l\HTC na M<:\lIl1uynHpaaT co
COe:pTHCp H xapgBcp, 06e3Cicnyfl<1 HtlepOpM<ll\HH :la (iUJIO Kuj npOUJICM no

172 173
IIO)l;aTOl~HTe 11 ALI crrpoBc)J,yBaaT pa3JIWIHUTC aHaJIH3If cnopq~
0AJIYKH qCCTO 6apaaT MCHaI,lCpHTe )J,a cKcrrcpHMcHTHpaaT co pa3JIHqHl1
HH)J,IfBI1p;yaJIHHTC ){(CJIOH. CCKoralll Kora MCHaI,lCpHTc rIf rJIc)J,aaaT CU;CHapI1ja npcA ;::r;a H36cpaT CJ~CH rrpaBeu; Ha aK~Hja. Y JIOraTa Ha )J,HjaJIOr
1l0AaToqHTc THC UMaaT rrpcTxo)J,HO 3aMIfCJICHa IfJ~ca 3a Toa KaKO HCUlTO CI1CTeMHTC OC06CHO cc 3rOJICMyna IIOCJICAHI1BC rOHI1HH co 1I0pacToT Ha
paooTH H lllTO C IfHTCpCCHO If BpCP;HO BO nOAaT0IJ;IfTc. TIfc H)J,CH cc pacnonmKHBocTa Ha on-line 6a3HTc Ha nop;aToU;H.
HapcKyBaaT t<.lOp;eJIH. MOJ~CJIIfTC MO){(aT Aa 6If)J,aT 0)J, Hajcp;HocTaBHH (rrp. ,Il,HjaJIOr CHCTCMHTC riM rH J~aBaaT rrOAaTOI~HTC Ha MCHaI)Cpwre BO
npaBHJIO Ha rraJICu;oT) J~o KOMIlJIUU;HpaHI1 MaTCMaTlFIKIf paBcHcTBa 3a KOI1 paqcTc H HaKO 3BY~1l1 AOCTa c;::r;HOCTaBHO, npcTcTaByBa TCllLKa 3aAa~Ia
C Hcorrxop;cH KOMrrjyTcp. Bo CCKOj CJIyqaj, MOACJIHTC cc KBaHTI1TanIBHa rropaAIf rOJICMIfOT 6poj Ha paCIlOJIO)l(nHBH nOAaTOI~H, 6p3HHaTa co Koja
HJIH KHaJIIfTaTI1BHa KOHI~CrITyamnaU;l1ja Ha Toa KaKO CHCTCMOT onepIfpa. THC AoaraaT BO KOMnaHHjaTa 11 cPaKTOT p;CKa rIOJ~aToqHTc J~oaraaT OA
MOP;CJIOT rrpcTcTaByHa ncpu;cnU;Hja Ha Toa KOH nOAaTOI~H If BapHja6JIII cc pa3JIW-IHH 113BOpH. I1paBCI-bCTO 1I3BclllTaj OJ~ rrOAaTOl~IfTC 0)J, pa3JIWIHH
3HaqajHH H KaKO ce oAHccyBaaT BapHja6JIIITc. H3BOpH, pa:mlIQHlI BpCMCHCKH L~HKnYCI1 (HCACJIHO, MCCCl.JHO) HC C MaJIa
11CTO TaKa, Hajt<.mory MCHaI,lCpH caKaaT J~a KaJIKyJIHpaaT co pa6cna. ,n:HCKpcrraHI~aTa Mopa ;::r;a CC yp3MHOTC){(11 Ha pinyMcH Ha~IIm aKO
nOJ~aToLJ,HTC 3a rrop;06po Aa rH pa36upaT MapKCTIIHr np06JICMHTC. OBHC CC lIMa HaMcpa pa3JHl~lHrITC I1HnyTH ;::r;a CC KOM6HHHpaaT 130 CepCKTI1BHO
KaJIKyJIHpaI-ba CC HapcKyBaaT rrOCTanKU. OnlllTHTC MCHaucpCKH MO)J,CJIH OP;JIY~IYBaI-bC.

(Ha rrp rrpO-cPopMa H3BCIIITaH Ha npOcPHT 11 3ary6a, H3BClllTaHTC 3a PenaTI1BHO HOB HaQl1H ;::r;a CC ynpaByBa co OBoj np06JICM C npCKY
cPHHaHCHCKO rIJlaHHpmbC II H3BClllTaHTC oJ~ npcp;UIflWBaI-LCTo) H ArICTpH6yHpaHH KOMnjyTcpcKH Mpe){(H. OBHe CHCTCMH ce rrOTfIHpaaT Bp3
IIOKOMrrJICKCHHTC MOACJIH (Ha nJIaHIfpalhC Ha MapKCTHHr MHKCOT, aHam13a CCpBCpl1. BH)l;CjKH THC CC rrOBp3aHH KOPl1CHIIU;I1TC MOA<aT Aa rH KopHCTaT
Ha npOH3BOP;HO IIOpTOcPOJIHO If CJIC;:r;CI-bC Ha HOBHOT IIPOIf3BOJ~) cc aCIICKTH IIo;::r;aToqHTc He3aBHCHO Ka;::r;c CC Haof'aaT 130 MpC){(aTa.
!ILl aHaJIH3a Ha nOAaTOl~wrc wmplllCHH npeKY rrpOl~eCIfTC Ha CTaTHCTWIKO npmVleHaTa Ha ,nce BJIHjae Up3 npOMemlTa Ha CTI1.l0T Ha
MaHHnymfpaI-be. paOCHaTa Ha MCHaI,lcpwrc, BO CMHcna Ha Toa ;::r;a cc Ha;::r;MHHc npIIcTarroT
"n6HAH cc H BH;::r;H" 130 pa3BojoT Ha HORH (cKcrrepI1MCHTaJlHl1) npOrpaMII.
CuciTleJrt llll duiaJlO2. CHCTCMHTC Ha J~IfjaJIOr CC Haj3HaqajHIf If Tpc6a )l;a cc 3Hac )l;CKa MCHaI)cpHTe HC caKaaT caMO ;::r;a KpeIfpaaT HOBl!
jacHo rH )J,IfcPCpCHLJ,HpaaT ,Il,CC OA IIHepopMaU;HCKIfTC CIfCTCMIf. ,Il,IfjaJIOr H;:r;CH, TyKy H ;::r;a )J,03HaaT o;::r;HarrpcA H ;::r;anH THC MOACJIH MO){(aT ;::r;a
CHCTCMHTC IfM p;o3RonyuaaT Ha MCHaI,lCpWre KOIf He ce nporpaMcpIf
cPyHKqHOI-IHpaaT BO npaKcaTa. Toa ro ji,cnBOJI~ CHCTCMOT Ha IIOAJ~pIIIKa
caMIfTe Aa fIr HCTpa){(aT oa3IfTC Ha Ilop;aTOL~If KOpHCTCjKH I'lr CIfCTCMCKIfTC Ha OJ~JIYKHTC.
MOJ~eJIH H Aa If3rOTBaT H3BCUITaII KOIf Dr 3alJ,OBOJIyBaaT HIfBHHTC
(POp"'IlIpaI-bCTO Ha ,Il,CC c03)J,aBa BI1COKH TPOWOI~H, rra 3aToa
conCTBCHlf rroce6HIf IIOTpc61I op; IfHcPopMaL~IfH. I13BelllTalITC MO){(aT )J,a IwamrpaH,cTo H HMrrJICMCHTaqHJaTa HMaaT rOJICMO 3HaQCI-bC 3a
61I;:r;aT Ta6cJIapHH IfJIIf rpacPW-lKIf If cPopMaTa Ha H3BcIUTajoT MO){(e ALI cc C03naBaI-bC Ha npcTrrocTaBKH 3a pa3Boj Ha ecPcKTHBCH CHCTCM 3a
crrcI~IfcPIfU;Hpa op; cTpaml Ha HHp;HBIfAyaJIHHTe MCHaI,lepH. rroA~plIlKa Ha MapKeTHHr OAJIyl.JyBClI-bCTO.
,Il,HjaJIOr CHCTCMHTe MO){(aT ALI 6Hp;aT naCHBHH lIlTO 3Ha~IlI )J,CKa
MC))KHOCTHTC 3a aHamna cc npc3cHTHpaHH Ha OHHC KOH oAJIy~rYBaaT 3a
CCJ1cKU;Hja npeKY MCHHTO co HCKOJIKy rrpocTH KJIyl.JHH nOTc3H, IIJIH MO){(aT 5. Cnell,uqntQHI1 KOMnOnenTlln3 JIOI'I1CTI1QKHOT I1n$opM3n,UCKH CHCTeM
J~a oHAaT aKTHBHH, 6apajKH oA KOPHcHIII~HTe J~a rH HCKa){(aT HHBHHTC
6apaH,a Ha KOMaHr~CH Ha~IHH. KJIYl.Jml KapaKTCpl1CTHKa C ;:r;cKa HaMcCTO l~a JIorHCTHl.JKHOT HHCpopMaU;HcKH CHCTCM ofIcPaKa cneU;HepH~II-m
nl ynaTyBaaT HHHHI1TC OapaI-ba 3a Ilo;:r;aTOI~I1TC npcKY TI1M Ha KOMIIOHCHTH HW3 KOH IICTHOT cc oCTBapyHa. CCKoja o;::r; OBIIC KOMrrOHeHTH
nporpaMcpH, MCHaIJcpHTC MO){(aT caMH WI fIr BogaT HHBHI1TC aHaJII13H CO)~P){(H HHepopMaU;HH KOH CJIy){(aT 3a oCTBapyHaI-bC HCl TpaHcaKrVIHTc, HO
(l1JIH co rrOMOIII Ha HHBHHTC aCHCTCHTI1) CCJ~cjKH npcr~ KOMrrjyTcpcKH 1'1 npcTcraByBaaT IIHcrpyMcHTH 3a P,oHccyBaI-bC onJIyKH KOH nOMaraaT 130
TCpMHHaJI H KOpl1CrcjKl1 1'0 WljaJIOr CHCTCMOT. OBa HM ;:r;03BOJlyna ~~a rl1 IUIaHHpcUhCTO Ha I1(0)~j~CJIHH aKTHBHOCTH.
HCKopHcTaT HHcPopMaI~l1HTC IllTO HM cc mnpcoHH, a HC ~a 01m3T I1HCpopMaqHHTc Tt~~raT nOMcfy OBI1C OCHOBHH KO"'1I10HCHTH K3KO H
OIICl1lIaHlI co HC3HiFIajHlI IIOJ~3TOI~H. MCHaI,IcpWre MO){(aT J~a nocraByuaaT Mcfy HVIC 1'1 APYfIITC HHcP0pMar~HcKH CHCTe~IH 130 KOMrraHHjaTa 1'1
llocTojaHC) HORI1 npamafI,a II na J~ooHBaaT oArOBOpI1 Ila HHU 130 TCKOT Ha KpcHpaaT eACH mrrerpHpaH HIlq)Op'\Iar~HCKHCIlCTCM.
paooTCrLCTO. 3HaQajllo C )~CKa 11HcP0pMaqmrrc MU)f(ClT )~a cc upaTaT Hinar~
H HClnpeH McI'y KOMlljyTcpwrc H oHoj Koj O)VIY~IYB<:l 6IIAcjKH HCJIOBIITHC

174 175
 OCHOBHI1TC KOMIIOHCHTl1 I1nI1 cncqHepHT..IHI1 nOTCHCTCMH Ha nI1C
64 DOTpc6aTa OJ~ nOHCKCKpaTHO 13HccyB1H)C Ha HCTH rrogaTOl~H ]a
cc cncgHI1Bc:
3roncMyBa 11 MO)KHOCTeL OJ~ rpcIIIKH.
CHCTCM Ha ynpaByBaI-bC co nopa l..lKI1Te
3. Bl1COKH TPOIUOl~H 3a p16oTHa C1111a
CHCTeM Ha ynpaByBaI-bC co CKJlaAI1IIITaTa Co orneJ~ Ha 1'01 geKa 13HccyKII-LeTO HeL nogaTOlJ,HTC 130
CHCTCM Ha ynpanynaI-bc co TpalICnOpToT pa3nlfl-IHHTC epa:HI Ha TpaHcaKI~HjaTa nOMcf'y napTHcpHTC cc BpnIH
pal..lHo Tpollloqwrc 3a nnaTl1 Ha aHra>KHpamlTC pa60THHI~n cc BHCOKH.
5.1.CHcTeM Ha ynpaByBalhe co nOpalJKHTe 4. 3roncMcHa HccHrypHocT
MO>KHI1TC 3aJ~OI~HYBaI-ba DO KopccrrOHJ~CI~HjaTa nOi\lery
Bo paMKHTc Ha npnI10T CI1CTeM cc yrrpanyna co I1HepopMalJ,HHTC og napTHcpwrc nOJWc136IlpaaT II HecHrypHocT no OJ~IIOC Ha Toa wum
IIpBHOT KOHTaKT co KyrryB3l..IOT BO npeMcTo Ha 6apalbc Ha orrpcgcneH napTHcpOT ja )~06HJI OlICKYB;:U-laTCl KopccrlOHJ~cqHja lIJIn HC. Hc C
npoH3BoJ~ II HcrOBaTa Hapal..IKa. OBa C IIOT..ICTHO - KpaCH rrOTCIICTCM Ha pCTKO ga rrapTIICpOT OTKpHC J~CKa J~o()aHYBCl{lOT IH1KoraUI HC H06HJI
JII1C H HCTHOT KOMyHHlJ,Hpa co CHCTCMOT Ha ynpaBynaI-bC co nopa T..IKa. OJ~ nlC npwIHHlI l..IeCTO nClTII cc 0An Ha TCJICepOHCKO
CKJIagHiliTaTa 3a ga ja rrpOl3CpH pacrronO:>KnUnOCTa Ha npOH3nop;HTC HnH nOTBpgyBaI-bC, IIITO ccHaK cc oJ~p;:1'3YBa HLl cepHKacHocTa Ha
npCKY 3anHXHTC I1n11 og pacIIopcgOT Ha IIpOH3BOP;CTBOTO. Ha BaKon Hal..JHH pa60TclhCTO.
CC 06c36cgynaaT HHepopMaI~HII 3a Toa KaJ~C CC Haora rrpoH3BogOT BO
MpC:>KaTa Ha cHa6JWBaIhC, paCrrOnmKJIHBOCT BO KBaHTIITCT l:I rro MO:>KHOCT Yrrlnpc6aTa Ha E,IJ,H CHCTCMOT fH eJIHMIIHIIpa HJIH lIaK
npOI~CHCTO BpCMC Ha I1CIIOpaKa. Kora rrOpaT..IKaTa C npHepaTeHa OBOj 'ma l..JWrCJIHO PCJ~yqHP<l IIpo6nc:-,urrc H<l Tpa!~l!I~HOmlJIHHOT CHCTCM H<l
[[OTCI1CTCM I"O aJIoqnpa HpOJnBOJ~OT Bp3 lIOP,PIK3Ta Ha Kynyn<1l..IOT, KC ro npelIOC lIa IlOJF1TO[~H.

()IIpCJ~CJIH MCCTOTO lIa IIPOH3BOJ\CT130, Ha,\lanYBalbCTO Ha 3<:U1HXHTC H Kora

IIPCB030T KC ongc IIOTBpJ~CII, KC IIOnrOTIlII epaKTypa. E!(11 npCTCtnyn~ Km,mj~,'T'~'!,(:I<() 1l[l('flccyn:lthC HCl OWWHC
1l()J\aTOI~H BO J~cctHlmlpLl!I H crpYI\:Tynp~HI (1)( lp\/'lT. OCHOBI-IaTCl qcn HCl
EJ~HO Ofl: Haj3H<.FIaj mlTc )~OCTIInlYBafba IIOCJICfl:Hlme n)J~HHH flO EJIJ-1 C !~Ll cc In6cnlC H CIIpCl.I!I HOl1UJIIIHTcnHaTa l..JOBClIK<l
[IPOI~CCOT Ha oopa60TKa Ha nop,FIKHTC EO l\IHory KOMnaHHH npcTcTanyBLt HHTcpBeIII~Hja rrpH [[pOr~COlp(lf-LCTO IrLl IIOJ(aTOI~HTe IIO\lcfy
CJICKTpOf-ICKaTa pa'3MCHa Ha IIogaTOIV1. rrapn-[cpwre co BUCIIOCT'lByB'lIi.><.: IlLl CT,HIJ~(lp;~WHIpalI npCHOKon 3a
npCHOC II;} fIo:~aTOl~rI. Ha TaKOB lILt llHH cc HagMHHyBaaT
EDI-Electronic Data Interchange ropCHaBCJ~C!IHTC np06J1Ct\lH Ila TpaJ~lII~HOIlaJ1I!HOTCIICTCM.
E,IJ,I1 epyHKqHoHHpa Ha Tuj mll..IHH IIlTO ~cnoKyrlHaTa
DpOMCHHTC KOH HaCTaHaa BO npCHOCOT Ha rrof~aToqHTe co KopccrroHJ~CHr~Hja II npCf!()COT Ha nOHaTOI~I1TC nO;"lcry rrapTHepwrc cc
KOMIIl1jyTeplBall,l1jaTa Ha pa60TClbCTO rnal3HO 6ca epOKycl1paHI1 Ha OJ~BIIBa enCKTpOIICKH H aBTOM<.lTCKII. HMCllll, nOpaqKaTa cc npaKa
IIOJ~rOTOBKa Ha CJICKTpOHCKH BCP3l:1H Ha J~OKYMCHTHTC 11 epopMynapI-ITC cnCKTpOI!CKH go CHLtOgyBLll..[OT (napTlIcpoT) KOj J~OKOJIKY C 80
KOH CC KopHCTaT BO paOOTCIbCTO, AogcKa BO OAHOC Ha npoqecIIpaH,CTO Ha MO)KHOOCT H Hi\W H<:l 3,U1IIxa HOBOJ1Ha KonIIlU1lIa Ha CTOKLl MO:>KC
HCTIITC HC HaCTaIlaa 3H<.PHITCJIHH rrpOMCIIH 130 HaCOKa Ha IIoronCMa BCJ~Haill ga Ja H3BplmI nopa llIGna HCTlIOT J~CII Kora TaLl e H rrpHMCHa.
CCrmKaCHOCT. TpaJlJIl~110HaJIH110THal..IHH Ha npCHOC Ha IIogaToqII HaMCTHa Co IIOMOllI Ha EL~H cHaGJ~YBal.IOT C BO i\IO)[,I!OCT Ha CBOjOT napTl-rcp na
HCKonKy KnYl..lIIH npo6nCMH KOl:l 6apaa COO)~BCTHO pCWCHHC: My HClIpanI H3BCCTYB~nbC J~CKLt nOpa'IKL1Ta !-(C OHAC wmpiliCHa II CHTC
I. ,IJ,oJIro BpCMC 3a IIpoqepHpaH)c Ha TpaHcaKI~l:IjaTa OCraHaTI-I IIponpaTHH J~oKyt\1eHTH.

BpCMCTO HLl npoqccHpaI-bC Ha )~OKYMCHTI1TC nOMcty rrapTHcpwrc

(J~Be KOMlIaHHM KOH copa6oTyBaaT) ocmc wmro UITO IIoBncKYBamc II
npogon:>KyBalbC Ha BpCMCTO Ha CepCKTyHp<:l(-f,C Ha TpaHcaKql1jaTa.
2. MO:>KHOCT 3<1 rpClIIKH

(,-I R.H. Ballou: Business logistics/ Supply Chain Management, Prentice Hall, New
Jersey, 2004, 146
7(j 177
 Cl. 35 EneKTpoHcKO npellecyBalbe H3 lloiJ,aTOlJ,U (EDI-Electronic Data
Interchange) Bo TeK01' Ha 20-Te rOj\HHH KOJlKY EJ~11 ce flpHMeHYBa HerOBHTC
npcgllocTH no OJ\HOC Ha TPClI~HI\H01iaJll-1l10TC~ICTeM ce nOTup,l\eHH, HO

npCIIOC lIa napa'iKa HCTOTaKCI co CWJlCL~ H3 npOyICIIJIHHHTC nOTpc6H Ha MCllal)MCHTOT rrpc,[\

.. E,O,I1 CC llOCTaBynaaT HOBH npeJ(l1'3I3!1l\H. Bo CCKOj CJ1y'Iaj E,O,I1 C eHCH 01\

H3FlOPYlTC 3a KOMrICTHTHDHa llpe;(HOCT IIa KOMflClHHHTC .

npCIIOC lIa T1(lTI1Plla 'J3 5.2. C~i~TCil'l ua ynpunynalhe co cKJlaAHmTaTa

npH,\ll,;l1a IlopaliKa

BTOpl10T CHCTCM HCKOl'alll [0 COI\P)K~1 BO ce6c CHCTeMOT IIa

E,O,I1 TpaHcaKl~HHTC cc Oi~I:lHBaaT 80 HCKOJlKY 'IeKopH: ynpaFlYBalbc co flOPWIKHTC lJItI M())KC I\a OHgC TpcTHpaH KaKO 1l0()~():\eJleH
eJlC~(CHT lIa .IU1C. HajM;;ulKy 111'1'0 MOpCl 0130j CHCTCM C na 6H,~e lloBp3aH
I. rIUJ\rOTOBK<l Hi.l CJlCKTpOHCKH LloKyMCHTH HaHa3al\ cu CYIC'l'C~IOT Ila yiIpaRylHllI,c co rropa~IKHTc 3a I~a MO)l(e
2. KOHBepTHp::lIbC H3 i\OKYMCIITHTC BO CTallf\apen eH npOn<.lA<HHOT ()1U~eJT ;J;a GHI-\C 'Hi WYJHaell co rrpoH'JuO).l,I1Te cnpcMHH 3a
CPUPMi.lT 3a npi.lKaIbC npoJ(a)l(6a. Ouoj IIOTCHCTCM nO~!i.ln1 co yllpaByBmbcTo co TCKOT Ha
3. KmIYHHKaUHja rrpOH3BOl-\HTe 1\0l\CKa cc 1\i\~r>KaT HJlH cc ClVleCTCIIH 110 pa~IKHTc Ha
4. KmlBepnlpaH,c Ila npHMeml'rC ):\OKYI-Ie~l'nl 130 CIX)P~IaT JIO[HCTW1KaTa \IPC)K<.I. K.rry~n!H CJlC~lCIlTII H<I OIlOj CHCTC,\I ce :
COOJ\BCTCH 3a LI rIJi H K,ll~HCKHUT COCpTllCP Ha npH~la lJOT o II [Hi\Wrbt:: H<I i\WT... pnl':IJlHTC HJ1H npOWlBOI\HTC DO
S. npUl\COlp::lIl,C Het cncKTpoHCKIHC I~OKY~lcllnl CKJi~II\HHlTCT( 1,

o C~lccrYHC!!Lt:.
CHCTC~1 113
C'HCTCI-I Hi.l o yllpaByBaf-bC CU 3;;IJIH:<HTC ,

clla6AYBa~IOT
KynYI3L1 LIOT o o6paGoTKa H<:I IIUpa'li(HTC H H3l\FlojYl:la~e H

o /I())\r't)TUUK::r Ha li'~if(lp~\I"\Ta.

I1wreplla
1 1

HIl'repl1a
5.3, C~lC'reM 'l;.1 }s~p:,nYB.al-be co TpUIICllOpTOT

KOIlBep:3HFI KOHRep3Hja Ol:loj 1l0TCHCTeM Ha JIHC cc crJOKyorpa Ha BIIC3HHOT H 113JlC3HHOT

HLI mODMaToT H3 cbODMaTOT TpaHclfopT IW KOMlfaHTfjaTd.Km:o It OCTi.1HaTHTe 1l0TCHCTCMH TOj
pa3"'leHyBa HJI(pOr~I'II~Hlj Lll ()CraHJTHTC KOMnOlleHTl1 Hd JII1C, KaKO llITO

1
EDl
1

ED!
cc : COl-\p;.r,:llHa H<l llopalfufTc. Tt.:>KHIl::l H JanpCMHHHa HCI IIP0113HogHTe,
KO,lWIHHaTd, )T,aTyMur Ha HClTtlpaI,:a II pacllopcflOT I-In CpcACTBaT::l co KOrl
KC cc HCllopaLIYD(l CTOK,rra. U,l~.lJTd IW OllUj nOTCHCTC\l e )\a IIOMara BO
llpC BCI\YBa lj npCBCLwua'l
IfJlaHHpalhcTo 1I KUIlTpOJ1dTa lJ<l. ::IKTHHHllCTHTC lTOBpJaHlf co TpaHcIlopTOT
f:lO KOI-IIJaHHj::na. OI-loj C!ICTC['.1 Kl<Jly<rYIW:

1 CCJ!CKI~llja Ira :-'lOI~aJIlIT(;TUT Iia TpallcnopT,

KOIiCOJilI)\HP~li-LC lla T()[\apUT,
nUj.\fUTOBK<l TIoLlrOTOBKi.l

'la IlpaK,lf-be 3a npaK alhC pacrlopCI~ Ha OTIIjX:MaT,I,

oopaGtHKa lid oapaHJd'l';t,

cnCflCihC lIa OTrlpC \1::lT,l H 11;1;11(::\I-,C H::1 CI-ICTKdTa 'J::! TOBapOT H

~ ...-..
pCI:WllfJa.

~ TIpHllaTeli -'rl~t"3
VAN ~\jIH
I nkrlll:t
MOJ\CM MOjl,CM
179
l7B
1 X. nPHMEHA I-IA MHTEPHET 80 CnpOBEUYBAIhETO
HA JIOrMCT~p'IKHTEAKTMBHOCTII

TervmOTO Ha pa3Boj Ha CHHf,mpHTC Ha cHa6P,YBaI-bC , I1CTOPIICKli

rnenaHO, 611J1O AOCTa 6aBlIo, CJIOPC1~CHO co p,eHCLIIHaTa l\I1HaMI1Ka Ha
pa:moj. Eo TCKOT Ha HCKO':lKY I~Cl~CIH!II, OJ~ CpC)1,ImaTa , na ce WJ KpajoT Ha
MHHaTI10T UCK, EO MCfIaI,I)\[CI1TOT Ira CHlI~IHpwrc H3 cHaGp;YBalbC ce
rrOCnlnIaTH PCJI<.lTllBHO MalHl IIOW)(lpyuaHlCl BO OJ~HOC Ha Hanpep,OKOT KOj
ce 110CTl1rHYHa co p~nBOJ()T fl~l K()\rYHHKaI~HCKHTC TeXHOJIorl1H 11
HWl'CpHCTOT.

[je,'lllllle Ha CHHT,IHplTJ.': 1 '~l CHaO,[\YB3H,C CC ITOBCKCJ~HMCH3HOHanHH,

Ha Hp.
,. MHH11MWmp,iiLC il~( Ti)OIJIOI(HTC;
'r nO;FlnIYj:~l~r '-'; .,' '1',) r)~l YCJTyr~lTa;

y f1ui~OI~\p:~r.: i j: :,'; i: ; i[[j~lT~\ IIO\lC(Y q.TICIIUHHTC Ha

CllHI,mp( n;
y 3rt),,:lL~-..!\~~~~j. ':I0;iTII)I,'rl no C\fTTCTi1 Ha
HCllopaK!!'!'C, j'lj,- I i ' (J~' Ik'l!UpaKa.

AKO CC l[Ul'.'1c;:1!: ,::, '1/' (,()TC. 70TC, II 80TC rOJJ)IIIH,

KOI\1lI3HIHITC H\raflC O?!Wi/W;,'jj1! .!to,)/moeIUlI :Ja f10CTHI'HYBilf-be Hil
CrrOMCIIaTHTC I~CJI![, IIOIXliU11! !:TI) K()\'IYlmK~U~HCKHTC npCKH, HO H
pa3~lCI1aTa Ha '3fraCloci!Ic;l.!21J1'_ C( 1/ )/lLk'!t-~~! III l;mpIIlKCl op, oa3H Ha nOl\aTOUH.
I1C1'O TaKa, nOCTOC.:1 II OTllOP 1;(1 Horne)], IIa pa.1}rtefWllta l-lQ

llllcjJOPAtal{lllllltC nOi\Icfy !!JJcrr; )1',[111...' Ji~! {(aI[~lJIHTe, Haj'lCCTO rrop3J~H 1'oa

UITO CC W:lCCTYBa:l~l UIf:.iCHtJl..'T l.iiI ilpcnyunafhc Ba KOHKypeHTHaTa
rrpCJl:HOCT Ha HpynITC Cl'I!Pi\llI - 'UleHnr H2! KaHa':10T, KaKO H ry6etLc Ha
IIoTpomynatfi'1TC, IIOIJ:.:lnn CI!(I;(C.:jY):~1!j,C H:J !\OBCPJIIIInI IIHepOP\lalVHI 0)];
THIlOT Ha HlIIJO H3 3a:aL\1I, P~lCI!\IP(;)([1 H~! UP(HI'3B01\CTBO II Gl.
Bo J~CHCIUHU ycnurHi Ollt lj OTllOP eo Haj rOJICMa t\lcpa CC ry6H, IT CC
MClHIICpeCl'I1paClT '3 HCl'-IHTC:IH![ IlP00,.!CHII BO CTCl130IHITC, IlpCTJ: CC HopagII
nojamlTa Ha C013PC.MClIHTC tdCTO)(H IU KOt\lyHHIV1paH,C KOI1 t\1Hory 6P30
HajJ~UCl IlfH1MCffa no ClITC cC!)Clm OJI, pa60TCH)CTO, BKJlyt.rYBCljI<.fI ro II
MCWlI.1MCflTOT nil CIIHl)HpmC 1I:,l CiEPl)l,YB:JI-bC. MCHaJ,IcpHTC fI(Y-IHaa p,a
cc}JClI<.aaT J(CKa copaOUTK'ITCl J(()~>fdy q;ICHOlHITC Hll K,UlllJ10T HOCll HOBcKe
rrpl1l\OOHBKH, OTKOJIKy ()!!21C!!UCTli iJ.d CC W5I'YOll Ha IIp.C,D,Ha on
HajnJJ!CMHTC GapHcpH 321 I<.U\flI~dl!jriTC nu IlpIIMCHaTCl Ila .lIT CHCTCMOT 61'1.1
crpaBoT l(a ce pa::hYn,:,pHjeI'I' !IWl)UP~i:JIIY!ITC no BpcKa co npml3Bogc1'BoTo,
H HCTHTC na ce CIIOi~c;!aT co Jl,U()JBYiU 1
fIITC, 0IIi\cjKlI HCTIITC GH MO)Kene p,a
II CTaHaT J~oCTaI1Hli H;.1 KOllKVpCHll,!IFlTel.

1~ 1
 EHopMHROT rrOpaCT BO npllMCHaTa Ha I1HTcpHeT Hy)l;ll MHory o ycnynrrc H3 rrOTplHIlYBa"{.II1TC,

.I'YtOJlCflOCiUU 3a HaManyBalhe Ha TPOIlIOI~llTe, KaKO II 3a rroA06pyBalhe Ha o HaoaBKHTC,

HHBOTO Ha ycnyrRTC. EBc HeKOll oA HllB: o TpaHCJ10pTOT.

>- On-line KaTan03ll Ha A06aByB3LIwrc, BO KOll Kyrryna"{.Iwrc o paKYB~UbeTO co i\IaTcpHJaJIH;

MO)KaT Aa rll rrpoHajalF, CCJICKTRpaaT, KaKO II AllpCKTHO Aa o CKnarl,vrp;:HbCTO;

rR HapaLIaaT npOll3BOAfrTC, 6C3 l~a CC BocnOCTaBll nllLICH o ar-r6aJIa>KHTC HCl IIpOIrmOJ~H'rc

KOHTaKT; o IIpc['(mopwrc co npCB03HlII~fITC BO HpCKa co

>- MO)KHOCT Aa cc KOHTaKTllpaaT A06aByBal.JRTC llJIll YCJ10HHTC Ha. HcrrupaKa

KynyBal.JllTC BO BpCKa co 0APcAcHll np06nCMll KOll CC

Ol~HeCYBaaT Ha yCJIyrllTc, BO CMllcna Ha AO~HCI-bC IIpamaJIHHKOT HL\[ OHJ1 HcnpaTCH I-W t 000 KorvmamuI npCKY

HaHapa"{.IKllTC, rrpOMCHa Ha pOKonllTC Ha llCfIOpaKaTa II CJI; CJICKTpOl-ICKa nOUITa. ! r;, 1% U/I npamaJ1mII~[1TC OHJIe BpaTcHfI nOnOJIHCTlI

>- MO)KHOCT Aa cc nOHy)l;H BpCMCHCKll HcorpaHw-rCHa ycnyra no eJICKTpOHCKl1 naT. Orloj IIP()I~CHT CC CMeTa ')a npHepaTJIlIB IIopaJ~lI
Ha ITCnpomyBal.JllTC - 7AcHa HeACJIHO/24 l.Jaca )J;HCBHO; XCTcporCHOCTa Ha pCCIIOHlJ,CHTHTC, KaI(O H rropanI1 CKCrrJIOpaTOpmIOT

>- MO)KHOCT Aa cc npOBcpR MOMCHaTnHllOT cTaTyc Ha KapaKTCp Ha HCTp'DKyB<.H-bCTO. Hen) TaKa, Toa MO.>KCOn yKa)KyBa H Ha

ll3BpurCHllTC HapaQKll Kaj )l;06aByBal.JllTC; HH30K c'renCH Ba KOpHCTCI-LC HCl !1J-lTCpHCT BO paOOTCfbeTO BoomUTo.

>- MO)KHOCT Aa cc rrJIaKaaT cPaKTypllTC no CJICKTpOHCKli naT, AHam'BHpalIHTC IIO/:J;,1Tl)[\H YK<'l/I--::YI3a~lT Ha cpaKTOT nCKa 90,1 % OJ~
KaKO 1I na CC npoBcpysa MOMCHTaJIHaTa cocToj6a Ha pccnoHJJ:cHTHTC w-;jaBHJle !(CIGl In npIL\IcHymtaT I1wrepHcT EO Jle/{Oll
06BpCKllTC; acrrCKTH 0A i\reH'-lr;MCHTOT lia i..'IJlEJHpHTC IIa cHa6nyBafbC. HajrOJICMa

>- )l;HpCKTHa KOMYHlIKa~IIja co Ao6aBYBa~mTC, npfIMCHa Ha HHTCpHCTOT ( Pt_THCT;lC'rp~~p;IHL\ Kaj lllpwlcliopiuoill, IIOToa
nOTPOIIIYBa~mTC npCKY CJICKTpOHCKa nOlliTa BO BpCKa co Kaj o6paoolu/{{lilUl 1I .J:..'O if{! !l{[[J(('/Kllllie, oOlloclliue co
611no KaKBR npawaI-La KOli CC OAHccyBaaT Ha Hapal.JKlfTC; a06a6Y6Wlllille, fw6{Wl,wTt;_', !'-'lll,J) li rCJzv2llllie !W LlOlUPOWY6([tllliue.
).- nOJ~o6po pCarl1palhC Ha np06JICMHTC Ha rroTpourynaLIIiTc; npHMcHaTa Ha HHTepHCT Be) OBHi:: u()naCTH cTaHyBa CC rrorrorryJlapHa co

'" HaMaJIyBaI-be Ha TpOmOIViTC BO BpCKa co ycnyrwrc, KaKO H pa3BojoT HLl HHepopf\Ian111KdTLl Tt'\H:XiorHja.

npCMCTO Ha pCaJI113~U~RJa Ha yCJIyrwrc Ii cn.

Pa3BojoT Ha HwrepHCTOT OTBopa HeOrpaHIil.JeHH MO)KHOCTli 3a 1. npH~H~Ha H21 l'[anepH,eT ~';'jJj H:J:(;"iB:l{Wre

KOMnaHHllTC, BO norJ1ep; Ha 3rOJIeMYBaI-be Ha CcPeKTllBHOCTa Ha CHHI,mpHTC

Ha cHa6p;yBaI-bC. Tpap;I1~HOHaJIHl1TC npaKTHKl1, KaKO Ha rrp. JIWIHO ITpHMcHLlTa Ha l'IIJTt'PHCT !-1l) ~,lCIL\[,I~ICHTOT H3 Ha6aRKHTC Kaj

J~orOBap3I-bC 11 npCrOBapaIbC rroMCfy npCB03Hll~l1Te H KJUICHTHTC HC CC ClIHI,IHpHTe Ha cna6JWBlHbC 3Ii~\ 'lETC.fmo C 3fOJICMeH3 BO rrOCJICJJ:H3T3
BeKC nOTpe6HI1. CaMliTC npcrOBopH npCKY HHTepHCT MO)KaT Aa ce J(CI~eHHj3. I1crpa:A--::yU<.lI-baT<.1 IlorU>KyB;UT J~CKa I1HTCpHCTOT ce npHMcHyBa
cnpOBcp;aT MHory n06pry II co nOHl1CKI1 TPOIlIOI~Ii OTKOJIKy rropaHo. Hero SO ronC:--I opoj Ha aKTHBHOCTrI [1nl:TnaHIl CU HaoaBKHTe, KaKO Ha rrp.

TaKa, H MCHaI,IMCHTOT co 3aJIHXHTC MO)Ke na CC cnpoBcAysa Ha MHory 'r KUl\1yJIHj(IIpaI-Ll:.' Cl i JJl;\)~1BYB;\lIYlTC,

rronpc~H3cH Hal.JHH rrpcKY npIiMcHaTa Ha Gap KOP;0BIi - CHCTeM K~ C ,. T(ODIIBllIJ,C IIll InIc])n[JT\llLI(HIJ 130 F3pCKa co l\CHlITC H

f>IHory 6P3 H TO"{.ICH, H My HYP;Ii Ha MCHaI,ICpOT lIO JIOrHCTHKa 6P3fI Ii TOl.IHI1 KOJIII'IHHllTC,

HHcP0p.Mal~HI1 BO BpCKa co 3anHXfITC. ,. HaGaBKH il[X'KY KllT,LiJOr II Cll.

Co I~eJI IFl ce YTspl~11 so KOJIKaB CTcnCH aMcpfIKaHCK.Wre KOMIIamm

ro npI1McHyBaaT I1wrcpHcT BO pa60TaTa Ba CYIHI,mpl1TC Ha cHa6J~YBaH)e, I1cTpa)Kyn<.llh,rra IlUIG[)KYBd<.rr !~CKa, KaKO PC3YJIT3T lId CC

crrpOBep;CHa C CTYAHja Ha HHBO Ha CALI" Bp3 KOMIIaHlUITe - l.mCHKfI Ha IIOrOJICM3Ta IIpHSICf!a Ha HHTCpllCT, CC Ha;\1aJ1yBa GpOjOT Ha

COBCTOT Ha JIOrHCTWIKH MCHaI)MCHT. IToBa)KBH QCJII1 Ha OEaa cTyW1ja opa6ollieflll :lJII'<1>IGrpailH BU 1!ll0arlilaT<.l cJJy)K6a 3a oKony 50%, - npen
Galle p;a cc YTEP/Vi: cc JIOpaWI on line KYIIYHll!l)cn) rrpcKY K<1TanOf' OJ( crpaHa Ha OlU~CJIHTe
).- c)allll KOMIlaHHHTe ro KopHCTaT HHTCpHCT BO MCHaIJMCHTOT H CCKTOpHTC I)l) I--::O~!!I(lllHllTC IIcT\l TaKll, cc llaMLlnysa H 06C.lHO(Li ILa
lIa CHIlI,IHpHTC Ha cHa6J~YBatbC; ()()f"y),,/cl/llllll\lljo l(t)j:l lI,rrp;';YI!IP;\ f)() IflICf\ICHCl cpofnw. Ll cc cKpaTyBCt H

).;- KaKO, II ()(} Koja Mepa ce KOpfICTH I1IITCpHCT Kaj: qHKJIyCOT lfa IW0'-Wf: UJl: .. rilie,lie/ito OJ], ~IO\IC!lTOT IIlt Hap~ttlKaTa IIa cc

1~2 1~3
 AO HCfIopaKaTa Ha CTOKHTC Jl:O KOMrraHHjaTa C CKpaTCHO 3a fIOBCKC o,n:
pCrHOlIaJIHTC) J~HC'rpHC)Y'riIBi[h ;1,1~IITPH, KOMIICIHI1j aTa MO)KC Jl:a rIi
40%. KOHTpOJ1Hpa npCBO'3IJHJJ,Ll'ii; ]'.t) (',\lliCJf~: If::i 'j:JmnYBaH.,e Ha TCpMHHHTC,
I1HTCpHcT 3 Hal.lHTCJIHO BJIHjac H Bp3 iipeZOBopUllle co pOKOBHTC 3~l J~()CT~lB/i;;li;,<, ; ,i' J(\)rncJ~ Ha COOJ~HCTHOCTa Ha
r)ooa6Y6a Lluiue, KOl1 HaMcCTO "JIl1l~C B JIH~C" - Tpa,LI;lU~HOHaJ1HO
cpcgC'rmrr3 Ja npeJ;<n KlW ni \.. 1 'P':!."] :,:T, HH(l)()pMat~HHTc BO BpCKa CO
npcrOBapal-bC, CC 1I0t..ICCTO CC l1JBCAYBaaT rrpCKY I1HTcpHCT. OBa CC
OAPCJ~CHH r~O!J,lICH,a cc np.. > HecyL";):i;' ')(l fJ,2l MO.>KC1T J~a cc npCJCMaaT
OAHccyBa Ha cwrc BHAOBH l~orOBapal-ba - OKOJ1Y ~CHHTC, YCJ10BHTC Ha
6pJH KopeKTHBHH C1KU,TlH, E I\l! \..c l!';'C:'c'j P'~liln'pe6HOT() lfCKaH>C HC1 611J10
HaoaHKa, BpCMC Ha l1CnOpaKa, nOBTopHH npcrOBapal-ha H CJ1.
KOj OJ~ yqCCH!U~HTC 130 TjX~ i-{!_'W 'i-:i\ 'T.
HCl'pZl:iKy 1>;1 [1,<['1'1 [iPH;\ICHdT,1 Ha HHTCpHCT BO
06paOOTK'-lTC1 lid liC:,'. F cJ<;) [1 HlIBHOTU pCIIIamUbe
2. "pHMcn3 n3 IlllTcpncT BO y"paByBalbcTo co 3aJlHXHTC KOIITIIllYUPZ1f-{O CC ',j'( )1;,' i'if" (F'ii crlupe;~ wmcIllTajoT O)~
KOHKpCTHl )'1'0 I('':TP~L:.\,; "
YrrpaByBaH>CTO co 3aJ1HXHTC C CAlia 0Jl: HajcKanl1TC aKTHBHOCTH
nOBp3aHH co CI1JII,mpHTc Ha cHa6l~YBal-bc. TOKMy 3aToa H npHMcHaTa
Ha I1HTCpHCTOT OB03MO)Kysa 3Hal.Il1TeJIHO HaMaJ1YBalbc Ha
4. n.p%;~'C:>a:'] ml 'xnn E~~ lWP<P-HHHC
TP()[JIO~IiTC. CCKOj t.IJ1CH Ha cHHI,m:poT Ha cHa6~YBalbe C npHHy~cH Jl:a
IiHBccTHpa 130 onpcMa, COqJTBCp, KaKO Ii 130 npoepccIiOHaJ1Ha o6yKa, co
YTSPJ\CHO t: iL ::L~ -,!)'; i :;TCl::1'..:'1' f\) KopHcTaT npH
qCJI )~a MO)KC ,n;a HMflJ1CMCHTHpa 11HepopMa~HoHcH CHCTCM (Ha Hp. c) () C [Ii (/()\.' (! {f ! h e Ii!l 1; ji,.'!i jj;.! YTnp)~YBafhC Btl
rTporpaMaT<l EDI, lIT ClICTCMOT If en,) , HUIHl!!()T ('i 'i/. ;" H~l\l;lJIYBa~bC H<l
Co P~l'JlIojOT Wi I1wrcpHcTOT, BpC~IeTO Jl()TpcGHO :W ,u:IUajHllpalbc I;ij '{/ l!i,'lIlUi.', KUH IlpCJ~
'IP()Jf!OI~TIT'_ j~r'" :'
Ii Ii~IIIJICMCHTIipalbC Ha BaKBlITC nporpa~m CC HaMaJ1yBa 3a nOBcKc OA t,n \;t.: y IIHIlTC TPOIlloqu
np[f~I(~H;JT;1 11:\ ~ liT"
50(~;), Toa liM OBO%IO)KY13a lIa epIlpMlITC J~a 6Il/F1T ilpowdliuBlIll Kora C
H,i paul nc; i ,I; ,liiiT/c' r;o XOfJlllllja CC
110 npaIlIalbC ylIpasyH,HhCTO co 3aJIHXlITC, uno CC MaHHepCCTHpa
r.H!'FHf'1'Cnlf') Cr:l ;',:.:; '" : Ill) () .>paGoTKClTLl H
IIpCKy op-w pcanIpaH,C Ha HTHH IIcrrpCOH , WrfCeTY13al-hC no spCKa co
pca:llITJI(,'1 'I" ! , "~IIP;;:~l on K()PIICTClhCTO
WlI~IICI('C Ha HcrropaKHTe H CJI. CllClltC,Mllllte /-U7 1136Cllllltall ce 'JH;:tt.lajHa lLIJ~ 5U%)
Hd I L-nC(.) ilL' : , '(\[IIJ I! Ira
I1pIi)~o6HBKa Koja C pC3YJ1TaT Ha p'.13l30jOT Ha IlHepopMa~HOHaTa BpCMCHCI(W)'j ff,h !,' \LI'I"T~IH,C HCl BPC1\lCTO
TeXHOJIOrHja H I1HTCpHCTOT. TaKa, MCHaI,lcpHTC nl IlMaaT Ha ,', ' Ii,! IT(\}'~llIl(llTt', IIITO C 0A
fIUi\lCr:y !\llCT(\liy;'::i,,'."
paCIIOJ1araH)C CUTe HHepopMaqHH EO BpCKa co 3aJIHXHTC Ha cPlllWJ1fUl
OCOOCJ/C~ BCl:,.r':HUCi' h,; '. .)1 ji,.': a:! l'.~l'_>H\.U HHBO Wl yCJIynI
ilpOll3(Wc)ll, cjJa3flllllte 3aJlllXU; HU HCTO TaKa H BO BpCKa co
KOH h:if!C I-I'iiil'.: j '<",l ''1<[ oupaocnKaTa H<:l
IIP0H'WOJ~wrC/CTOKHTCCKJ1aAHpaHH no Ha,n;BopCIUHH CKJIaJ~HWTa.
Hapa LlKIiTC C<..: U i i.1 I.' ... :;1. r, LP''':>lCTU IIOTpCOHO 3a
3IIal.IH, I1HTcpHeTOT OB03MO.>KyBa O)~p1KYBalbC Ha HHCKIi HHBoa Ha C,: IV.:'liliTC ocoGeHo
KOpCKLUq:: ('C i',:' L'
3aJHIXH, HaMaJ1ynalbc Ha BKyIIHHTC TPOlUOqH Ha 3aJ1HXHTC, npCKY i.! Hlt:PI\(:..' TUT OB03M01KYHa
'Hl(l'Iajli;j upn (
OOC30cgYBaIhC Ha BHCOKO HHBO Ha yCJ1yrH Ha i,',I:i\'_n::.;'I~i ()Il-JIClJH IIrC/~ ga ce
npOLH:pK:1 H,l ;~Clr~,';; :'
[[(HpoIIlyna tIHTc/KJ1UCHTIITC, JT:\) J(ln;) 0/1, (tJllP~IHTC ro
)~UCTal';( \1,1 P~l! ik~' ;: I,

IIpaKTl, !\.YH<!'lT I'

3. npUMcna na I1HTcpncT Kaj TpaHcnopTOT

5. ;T"~ ~~ lhn\:pneT
CrrupcJ~ TPOIllOI~HTC IllTO rIi IIpCjV13BI1KyHa, TpaHcnopTOT C BTopaTa
KOMIICHlCHTa 130 CI1HI.mpHTC Ha cHa6lwnaJ-bC, BCAHdili no JaJIHXHTC. Cc HCI'Pd;'[\.YJ~:.~l j,;n;' '/ ,,~()o(\ ()i~ K( );\lfftlHIUnC 1'0
IlpoqcHyHa J~CKa TpolllOI~HTe 3a TpdHcrropT yl.lccTByBaaT co oKony 25% EO
hOp H CT ~I T r I I; T..: : ' : i '.' ! :, j!.'k'1.i\f~lri,HIl, IlIm ')(1 HTHH
BKyIllUITC TpmIIoqI1 Ha paOUTClbC Ha C)~CH cHa6gyBal.IKU CHHI,lHp. Eo OBoj H3BcC'rYI;:li-L~1.IIOlp ";:~ ,,' ~.! I!ClCUi;l:'11 rrplfCTali gu
KOHTCKCT, OCOOCHO C 3H<.ll.lajH<:i npHMCH<.lTa Ha I1HTCpHCT 130 CMHCJ1a Ha
O!(J~CJlClI11C I'U '~J )i.'I~!l ; i. j!;';:) (,nIH~,!()A<)'Ha llaBpCMC na rH
.llOllllllt0[J[{/12 Ha l~ocTaBYBalbcTo Ha rrpaTKHTc BO Jl:HCJIOl~HpamITe (I1J1H BO H3RCCTClT K\\r.iii:\~;:lfi'I\. 'I'. (.:',l)i',', ;\iJi'~~~\l llITU CC TlojaBHJf. KaKO

lS4 l~5
pC3yJITaT Ha TOa, CC cKpaTyBa BpCMCTO IIC)TpC6HO 3a npHCM Ha
JJ,06aBYBa~IHTC H nOTpomYBa'-Il1Tc. I1cTpa)KyBatbaTa nOKa)KyBaaT ,a;CKa
pCKJlaMar~HHTC, KaKO H 3a HI1BHO pCmaBaI-bC.
Hall: 20% Ol~ KOMrraHHHTC 1'0 KopHcTaT I1HTepHcT 3a Aa rH KOOp,a;HHHpaaT
I1HTCpHCTOT OB03MO)Kyna ~~BOHaCO~lHa KOMYHHKar~Hja nOMefy
corrCTBCHHTC lIT nporpaMH cO OHHe Ha ):~06aBYBat.IHTc. KOMYHHKa~HjaTa
KOMnaHHI1TC H HHBHHTC KJIHCH1'H, UiTO OB03MO)Kyna HMIIJICMCHTal~H]a Ha
cc rrpoumpYBa OJJ, H<:lWWHaJIHO Ha rJIo6aJIIO HHnG, TaKa UITO Ha,a; 17% OJ~
cllstomer relationship KOH~cnTOT, 6H,a;ejKH HCTpa)KyBaI-LaTa nOKa)KyBaaT
KOMrraHHHTC BeKc rH KOOPf~{;If[HpaJIC CB0111'C rrpo113BcJJ,CTBCHIl IIJIaHOBH co
Jl,CKa IIoTpomYBa~IHTe KOH cc 3a,a;OBOJIHI1 OH HHBOTO Ha yCJIyraTa, KaKO 11
crpaHcKH KOMIIaHHI1.
OJJ, Ha'-IHHOT Ha pClUaBaI-be Ha HHBHH1'C 6apatba, cTaHyBaaT JIojaJIHH KOH
npoH3Bo,a;HTC H KOMnatIl1jaTa BOOnIllTO.

J1llluepf-leiu Ll peJlal(WUUe co oooaayaaliwue

I1crpa)KyBaI-haTa IIOKa)KyBaaT JJ,eKa BO ()Boj KOHTCKCT I1wrcpHe1'
HajMHory cc KOpHCTH 3a on-line Ky[iY6aJbe ilpeKy KaLUaJl02 , lIlTO
rrpc1'cTaByBa JJ,paMa1'IFlcH rrpccBpT BO Tpar~HqHoHaJIHIITe MCTOJJ,H ua
Ha6aBKH Ha rJI06aJIHO UIlBO. OqcHKaTa Ha ncpepopMaHCHTC, BO CMHCJIa Ha
nOYH1'YBaI-Le Ha JJ,orOBopH1'C e 6HTCU CJICMCUT BO peJIal~HI1TC co
Jl,06aByBaYHTC. Toa cc OJl,Hccy13a Ha HcnopaKHTC AO CKJIaJJ,lIlliTaTa,
liaBpeMCUaTa l1CnOpaKa, H11BOTO Ha 3aJIHXH Ha ):~06aBYBaYH're H CJI.
HH1'CpHCT ycncuIHo CC KopHcnI 3a MOHHTopHHr Ha OBl1C rrcpepopr-vlaHCH.
Hal~ 26% OJJ, KOMnaHHHTC BpulaT MOHlIToplIHr Ha HCIIopaKHTc JJ,O HlIBHHTC
cKJIal~HllITa, HaJJ, 20%> ja HaJJ,rJIcJJ,yBaaT HaBpcMcHocTa ua HcnopaKHTc, a
23% ro KopHcTa1' I1HTCpHCT 3a JJ,a pa3BHjaT KpH1'cpHyMH 3a paHrHpatbC Ha
l~o6aBYBat.IHTC BO 3aBHCHOCT OJJ, HHBHHTe rrcpepopM3UCH. CeTo OBa BOJJ,H
KOH IloJ1,o6pyBafLc Ha OIIlllTOTO HHBO Ha rrcpcPopr-vWHCH Ha 1~06aBYBa{IHTC,
HaMaJICHH TPOlllOI~H Ha Ha03BKa, H fIono6pynatbe Ha npOJJ,yKTHBHoCTa Ha
J],o6aByBaYHTCBp3 OCHOBa Ha HHepopMaqHoHHTC 6a3H KOH CC pa3BHBaa1'
OJ, CTpaHa Ha I1HTcpHeT fvIOHHTopHHr CHCTCMHTC, CC OB03MO)KYBa H JJ,a ce
epopMHpaaT anHjaHcH - 3Jl,py)KCHHja Ha n06aBYBa~IH .

6. I1HTepHcT H n.13Hup3lbeTo H3 "POl'13BO,rJ,CTBOTO

ITJIaHHpaI-bCTO H pacnopq~oT Ha npoH3BogcTBoTo OTceKoram 6HJIC

Ct'lHH OJ~ HajTemKHTe acnCKTH H3MCH3IJMCHT01' ua cHa6J~YBat.IKHTC
cEHI,mpH, npcJJ, ce, IIopaWI:
'r HHCKHOT CTenCH Ha 1'O~IHOC1' H3 IIPCJ~BHJJ,YBatbaTa Ha
IIp0JJ,a)K6"lTa;
).- HCJl,OCTHI'OT 0,0: mlepopM"tl~HH OJ~ l~u6"lBYBat.IHTc 130 BpcKa co
cypoBHHHTe
).- OnlU1'HoT HCJ1,OCTHr on HHepopManHHBO BpcKa co
cl:myK1'yaqHK1'c BO HHsoaTa H3 3aJIHXH Kaj Jl,06aBysaQWrc H
rro6apyB"FIKLlTa Ha rra1apoT.

VIHTcpHCTOT OBO]MO)KYBa J~a cc oTcTparraT OlHIC HCJJ,OC1'aTm~H, IIpq~

cc IfpcKy lIO)~o()pYBaH)(.; na KOMYHHKar~HjaTa r-vrcfy KOi\rrIaHHHTC,

iS6 !k7
 KOpl1CTeHa JUITcpaTypa

I. A. Harrison: Just-in-time manufacturing in perspective, Prentice Hall, 1992

'7 A. Rushbon, J. Oxley: Handbook of logistics and distribution management Kogan
P;lge, 1989
~ B. Hudock: 10 Trends 'vVarehouses Must Follow for 21 Century Success,
S[

public;ltion of Tompkins Associates, 1999

4. B. Rosenhlook: Marketing Channels - A management view, The Dryden Press,
1995
). C. Heye\: The VNR concise guide to business logistics. Van Nostrand Reinhold
Comp;lny, 1979
6. CD.J. Waters: Inventory control and Management, John Willy and Sons, 1992
7. D.J.B loomberg, S. Le May, 1. B.Hanna:Logistika,prevod, mate, Zagreb,2006
S. D. Bowersox: Logistic;l\ Management. Macmillan Publishing co, Ne\v YorK,
1974
l) I). Hutchins: .Just-in-Time, Gower Technical Pres", 19S5
10. D. Limbert, J .Stock and L. Ellzam. hlllliamentais cf logistic.s l1l~lflagCIl1('nt, l\C\\
York: Mc(iraw-Hill, 1998
I I. LU:. Mulcahy: Warehouse lilstributiun and operatiuns handbuuk, rv1cCJr~l\\ -I rill.
Inc., 1994
12. D.i\l.Lunbcrt, M.C.Cooper, J.D. Pagh: Supply Chain M~lI1agL'ment
Implementation Issues and Research Opportunities" The lnternation;t! JournLt! uf
Lo~istics Management 9, n02, 1998
I~. J. (lattoma fL~ndbook of Logistics and distribution management 41h ed. 1996.
Gower Publishing Company
14. J. ivlangan, K. Hanningan: Logistics and Transport in a Fast Growing Economy:
t\1anaging the Supply Chain for High Performance, Blackhall Publishing,
Dublin,2000
15. J. Orlicky: Material Requirement Planning, Mc Grow -Hill, New York., 1975
1(1. J.C. Johnsun, D.F. 'vVood, D.L. \Varcllmv, P.R. Marphy, JR: Contemporary
logistics, 7ed, Prentice Hall Inc, New Jercy, 1999
17 . .I.e Johnsun, n.r:. \Voocl: Contemporary logistics, Macmillan international
c.'ditions, 1l)90

1~. J .E. Ross: Total Quality Management, Florida Atlan~ic University, 1994

19. J..J. Coyle, E.J.Barcli, C.J. Langley lr.: The management of business logistics 6 111
ell, \Vest Publishing Company, USA, 1996
20. l.R.Stock, n.M.Lambert: Strategic Logistics Management, Me Grow Hill! Irwin,
International edition, 200 I
21. M Lcendcrs. H.E. Fearon : Purchasing and Materials management, 10th ed.
IRWIN, !9l)3

189
'I M. Christopher, A. Payne, D. Ballantyne: Relationship Marketing, Butterworth
J.

Heinemann Ltd, Oxford, 1991

23. M. Christopher: Logistics and Supply Chain Management, Prentice Hall, London,
1998
24. M. Christopher: Logistics, the Strategic Issues, Chapman and Hall, London, \992
25. M. Christopher: Marketing Logistics (Oxford: Butterworth-Heinennan) \997
26. M. Christopher: The Agile Supply Chain: Competing in Volatile Markets,
Industrial Marketing Management 29, p37-44, 2000
27. M.J. Schniederjans: Topics in Just-in-Time Management, Allyn and Bacon, 1993
28. N. B3rac, C. Milovanovic: Upravljanjc Poslovnom Logistikom, Ekonoll1ski Fakultct
Nis, Nis, lOOO
29. P. Attwood, N. Attwood: Logistics of a Distribution System, Gower Publishing
Company Ltd., 1992
30. R.A. Lancioni: New Developments in Supply Chain Management for the
Millcnium, Industrial Marketing Management 29, p \-6,2000
31. R.B R,t1lou: Business logistics management, Prentice Hall, New Jersey, 1992
Y2. R.H. Ballou: Business logistics! Supply Chain Management. Prentice Hall, Ne\\
Jersey, 2004
33. R.H.Balloli. S.M. Gilbert. A.Mukhcljee: New Managerial Challenges frum
Supply Chain Opportunities, Industrial Marketing Management 29, p7- J 8,2000
3--J.. R.YV. Mc Calley: Marketing Channel Development and management. LIbrary ot'
Congress, 1992
:,). S. Lovrcta. (,. Pctkovic: Trgovinskl marketing, EF -Beograd, 2002
,)6. Shapin! Heskett: Logistic Strategy, West Publishing Company, 19:-)5
.)7. 1'. Ohno, S. Miro: Just-in-time for Today and Tomorrow, Productivity Press,
Cambridge, 1988
38. T.H. Allcgri. P.E: Materials Management Hadbook, McGraw-Hill, 199\
3l). V Bozic, S. Rakic. S Acimovic: Poslovna Logistika. Ekonornski Fakultet. Beo'!racl.
Vi~a Ekonomska Skola, Valjevo. 2001 ~ ~
'+0. V Bozic. S. AciIl1ovic: \larketing Logistika, Ekonomski Fakultet, 8eograd, 200.+
-+1. V. Ferisak. [ t'vledvescek, F. Renko, D. Sremac. B. Snajder: Poslovna Logistik~l.
InforIl1Cllur. Zagrch, 1983
~L:'.. \V.C.Johnson, R.J .Chvala: Total Quality in Marketing, The St. Lucie Press. 1996

\Vcb crpaml:

1. (~
- -
t>:-) 1J t .
-----~--,
C c.) ITi

190