IGCSE Mathematics Textbook Answers PDF

Solutions
2. a)Irrational b)Irrational c)Rational

1 umber and
N d)Rational e)Rational f)Rational
language 3.

a)Rational
d)Rational
b)Irrational c)Rational
Exercise 1.1 page 5 Exercise 1.7 page 9

Prime numbers are: 1. a)5 b)3 c)7 d)10 e)11
1. 2, 3, 5, 7, 11, 13, 17, 19, 23, 29, 31, 37, 41, 43, f)13 g)0.1 h)0.2 i)0.3 j)0.5
47, 53, 59, 61, 67, 71, 73, 79, 83, 89, 97
2. Students check their answers
Exercise 1.2 page 6 3. a) Qe b) Qr c) Qt d) Qu e) q Q p
1. a) 1, 2, 3, 6 f) We g) q E p h) Uo i) Te j) Tw
b) 1, 3, 9
c) 1, 7 Exercise 1.8 page 9
d) 1, 3, 5, 15 1. The following answers are correct to 1 d.p.:
e) 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 12, 24 a)5.9 b)6.7 c)7.4 d)7.7 e)1.4
f ) 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 9, 12, 18, 36
g) 1, 5, 7, 35 2. Students check their answers
h) 1, 5, 25
i) 1, 2, 3, 6, 7, 14, 21, 42 Exercise 1.9 page 10
j) 1, 2, 4, 5, 10, 20, 25, 50, 100 1. a)2 b)5 c)3 d)0.1 e)0.3
f)6 g)10 h)100 i)2 j)3
Exercise 1.3 page 6 k)10 l)1
1. a) 3, 5 b) 2, 3 c) 2, 3 d)2
e) 2, 5 f )13 g) 3, 11 h) 5, 7 Exercise 1.10 page 10
i) 2, 5, 7 j) 2, 7 1. 146C
Exercise 1.4 page 7 2. a) 2$35 b) 2$318 c) 2$88
d) 2$160 e)$90
1. a)2233 b)25 c)22332
d)2335 e)22311 f)2337 3. 165m
g)3235 h)3313 i)337311 4. 695m
j)3237
Student assessment 1 page 11
Exercise 1.5 page 7
1. a)Rational b)Irrational c)Rational
1. a)4 b)5 c)6 d)3 e)9 d)Rational e)Rational f)Irrational
f )22 g)8 h)13 i)17 j)12
2. a) Ti b)3 c) w Q t Q
2. a)42 b)60 c)70 d)90 e)120
f )105 g)20 h)231 i)240 j)200 3. a)81 b)225 c)0.04
d)0.49
Exercise 1.6 page 8 4. a)12.25 b)16.81 c)0.0225
1. a)Rational b)Rational c)Irrational
d)Rational e)Rational f)Rational
g)Irrational h)Rational i)Rational
Cambridge IGCSE Mathematics 3rd edition Hodder & Stoughton Ltd 2013 1
Solutions
5. a)15 b)0.1 c)0.9 4. a) 130 b) 80 c) 9

d) 35 e) 73 f) 117 d) 4 e) 200 f) 250
6. a)64 b) 0.001 c) 278 5. c), e) and f) are incorrect.
7. a) 3 b)100 c) 45 Answers to Q.6 and 7 may vary slightly from those

given below:
8. a) 2$84 b)$91 c)$45
6. a) 120m2 b) 40m2 c) 400cm2
d)$74 e) 2$43 f) 2$15
7. a) 200cm3 b) 4000cm3 c) 2000cm3
2 Accuracy Exercise 2.5 page 17
Exercise 2.1 page 12 1. a) i) Lower bound 55.5
Upper bound 56.5
1. a) 69000 b) 74000 c) 89000
ii) 5.5x,6.5
d) 4000 e) 100000 f) 1000000
b) i) Lower bound 582.5
2. a) 78500 b) 6900 c) 14100 Upper bound 583.5
d) 8100 e) 1000 f) 3000 ii) 82.5x,83.5
c) i) Lower bound 5151.5
3. a) 490 b) 690 c) 8850
Upper bound 5152.5
d) 80 e) 0 f) 1000
ii) 151.5x,152.5
Exercise 2.2 page 13 d) i) Lower bound 5999.5
Upper bound 51000.5
1. a) 5.6 b) 0.7 c) 11.9 ii) 999.5x,1000.5
d) 157.4 e) 4.0 f) 15.0 e) i) Lower bound 599.5
g) 3.0 h) 1.0 i) 12.0 Upper bound 5100.5
ii) 99.5x,100.5
2. a) 6.47 b) 9.59 c) 16.48
d) 0.09 e) 0.01 f) 9.30 2. a) i) Lower bound 53.75
g) 100.00 h) 0.00 i) 3.00 Upper bound 53.85
ii) 3.75x,3.85
Exercise 2.3 page 13 b) i) Lower bound 515.55
1. a) 50000 b) 48600 c) 7000 Upper bound515.65
d) 7500 e) 500 f) 2.57 ii) 15.55x,15.65
g) 1000 h) 2000 i) 15.0 c) i) Lower bound50.95
Upper bound51.05
2. a) 0.09 b) 0.6 c) 0.94 ii) 0.95x,1.05
d) 1 e) 0.95 f) 0.003 d) i) Lower bound59.95
g) 0.0031 h) 0.0097 i) 0.01 Upper bound510.05
ii) 9.95x,10.05
Exercise 2.4 page 14 e) i) Lower bound50.25
1. a) 419.6 b) 5.0 c) 166.3 Upper bound50.35
d) 23.8 e) 57.8 f) 4427.1 ii) 0.25x,0.35
g) 1.9 h) 4.1 i) 0.6 3. a) i) Lower bound54.15
Answers to Q.24 may vary slightly from those Upper bound54.25
given below: ii) 4.15x,4.25
b) i) Lower bound50.835
2. a) 1200 b) 3000 c) 3000
Upper bound50.845
d) 150000 e) 0.8 f) 100
ii) 0.835x,0.845
3. a) 200 b) 200 c) 30 c ) i) Lower bound5415
d) 550 e) 500 f) 3000 Upper bound5425
ii) 415x,425
2 Cambridge IGCSE Mathematics 3rd edition Hodder & Stoughton Ltd 2013
Solutions
d) i) Lower bound54950 2. a) Lower bound 56.7

Upper bound55050 Upper bound56.9
ii) 4950x,5050 b) Lower bound 529.69 (2d.p.)
e) i) Lower bound50.0445 Upper bound530.80 (2d.p.)
Upper bound50.0455 c) Lower bound 5147.76 (2d.p.)
ii) 0.0445x,0.0455 Upper bound5150.25 (2d.p.)
f ) i) Lower bound524500 d) Lower bound 513.3
Upper bound525500 Upper bound513.5
ii) 24500x,25500 e) Lower bound 51.75 (2d.p.)
Upper bound51.81 (2d.p.)
4. a)
5.3 5.35 5.4 5.45 5.5 f) Lower bound 50.39 (2d.p.)
b)5.35 M,5.45
g) Lower bound 534.10 (2d.p.)
5. a)11.7 Upper bound540.03 (2d.p.)
11.75 11.8 11.85 11.9
h) Lower bound 50.98 (2d.p.)
b)11.75 T,11.85 Upper bound51.02 (2d.p.)
i) Lower bound 50
6. a)Lower bound 5615m3 Upper bound50.04
Upper bound5625m3
b)615x,625 3. a) Lower bound 520002.5
Upper bound520962.5
7. a)
Lower bound5625m b) Lower bound 51.06 (2d.p.)
Upper bound5635m Upper bound51.15 (2d.p.)
b)395W,405 c) Lower bound 51116250
Upper bound51188250
Exercise 2.6 page 18 d) Lower bound 588.43 (2d.p.)
1. a) Lower bound 5263.25 Upper bound591.60 (2d.p.)
Upper bound5297.25 e) Lower bound 5131.75 (2d.p.)
b) Lower bound 53295.25 Upper bound5139.34 (2d.p.)
Upper bound53455.25 f) Lower bound 518.10 (2d.p.)
c) Lower bound 54925.25 Upper bound520.39 (2d.p.)
Upper bound55075.25 g) Lower bound 52.24 (2d.p.)
d) Lower bound 53.76 (2d.p.) Upper bound52.53 (2d.p.)
Upper bound54.26 (2d.p.) h) Lower bound 53.45 (2d.p.)
e) Lower bound 52.83 (2d.p.) Upper bound53.97 (2d.p.)
Upper bound53.19 (2d.p.) i) Lower bound 560.34 (2d.p.)
f ) Lower bound 58.03 (2d.p.) Upper bound568.52 (2d.p.)
g) Lower bound 544.95 (2d.p.)
Exercise 2.7 page 19
Upper bound552.82 (2d.p.) 1. Lower bound53.5kg
h) Lower bound 539.77 (2d.p.) Upper bound54.5kg
2. Lower bound521.8cm
i) Lower bound 516.14 (2d.p.)
Upper bound522.2cm
j) Lower bound 53.55 (2d.p.) 3. Lower bound513.7m
Upper bound57.12 Upper bound513.74m
k) Lower bound 51.47 (2d.p.) 4. Lower bound574.13cm2 (2d.p.)
Upper bound51.63 (2d.p.) Upper bound575.88cm2 (2d.p.)
l) Lower bound 518.51 (2d.p.)
Upper bound528.59 (2d.p.) 5. Lower bound568425m2
Upper bound575625m2
6. Lower bound513.1 (1d.p.)
Solutions
7. Lower bound59.0cm (1d.p.) 5. 0.0035

x,0.0045
Upper bound511.1cm (1d.p.)
6. a) 4.825x,4.835
8. a)Lower bound 553.1cm (1d.p.) b) 5.045y,5.055
Upper bound553.7cm (1d.p.) c) 9.95z,10.05
b)Lower bound 5224.3cm2 (1d.p.) d) 99.995p,100.005
Upper bound5229.7cm2 (1d.p.)
9. a)Lower bound 511.2cm (1d.p.)
Upper bound511.4cm (1d.p.) 1. a)Lower bound 5965.25
b)Lower bound 570.5cm (1d.p.) Upper bound51035.25
Upper bound571.3cm (1d.p.) b)Lower bound 56218.75
10. Lower bound=11.5g/cm3 (1d.p.) Upper bound56381.75
Upper bound513.6g/cm3 (1d.p.) c)Lower bound 56.2 (1d.p.)
11. Least593.3h (1 d.p.) d)Lower bound 547.7 (1d.p.)
Greatest5138.5h (1d.p.) Upper bound554.7 (1d.p.)
e)Lower bound 50.8 (1d.p.)
Student assessment 1 page 21 Upper bound51.2 (1d.p.)
1. a) 2800 b) 7290 c) 49000 f)Lower bound 50.5 (1d.p.)
d) 1000 Upper bound50.9 (1d.p.)
2. a) 3.8 b) 6.8 c) 0.85 2. Lower bound5118.7cm2 (1d.p.)
d) 1.58 e) 10.0 f) 0.008 Upper bound5121.1cm2 (1d.p.)
3. a) 4 b) 6.8 c) 0.8 3. Lower bound510.5cm
d) 10 e) 830 f) 0.005 Upper bound513.5cm
Answers to Q.46 may vary from those given 4. 0.8
x,1
below: 5. Lower bound50.46kg (2d.p.)
4. 18000yards Upper bound50.48kg (2d.p.)
5. 40m2
6. a) 25 b) 4 c) 4
1. 255kg
7. 92.3cm3 (1d.p.)
2. 31575cm3 (5s.f.)
Student assessment 2 page 22 3. a)124.5V,125.5cm3
b)4.99L,5.01cm (2d.p.)
1. a)
6.5 7 7.5 4. a)25.10C,25.16 (2d.p.)
b) b)50.14A,50.39cm2 (2d.p.)
39.5 40 40.5 5. 22 cups
c) 6. a)Lower bound 54.5cm
299.5 300 300.5
Upper bound55.5cm
d) b)Upper and lower bounds of
1999.5 2000 2000.5 100 matches 100
2. a)205x,215 b) 63.5x,64.5 Lower bound55.43cm
c)2.95x,3.05 d) 0.875x,0.885 Upper bound55.44cm
3. Length: 349.5L,350.5
Width: 199.5W,200.5
4.
58.85 58.9 58.95
Solutions
e) 933411513
alculations and
C

3 f)(312)3(421)515
order
0 1 2 3
2.

a) 124221657
b) 12(422)16512
0 1 2 3
c) 1242(216)525
Exercise 3.1 0
0
1 page 225
1 2
3
3 d) 12(42216)51.5
20 31 42 53
1. a) ,b) 5c) .d) ,e) 5f) . e)4153621533
20 31 42 53
0
2 1
3 2
4 3
5 f)4153(621)529
2. a) g)(415)3621553
02 13 24 35
6 2 5 3 4 4 3 5 h)(415)3(621)545
b) 6 2 5 3 4 4 3 5
2 3 4 5
6
2
6
5
3
5
4
4
4
3
5
3
c) 3
6 2
5 1
4 30
6
3 5
2 4
1 30 1. a)2 b)3 c)7 d)4 e)23 f)0
6
3 5
2 4
1 30 2. a)1 b)5 c)2 d)50 e)7
d) 6
3 5
2 4
1 30
31 22 3
1 40 5 6 f) 21.5
31 22 3
1 40 5 6
e) 3 1
1
22
2
13
3
4
0 5 6 Student assessment 1 page 28
3 2 1 04 5 6
4 1 3 2 2 3 1 4 05 16
f) 4 1 3 2 2 3 1 4 05 16 1. a) x21 b) x,2
41 32 23 14 5
0 6
1 c) 22x,2 d) 21x1
1
4 2
3 3
2 4
1 50 61
2
g) 4 1
3 0
2 11 20 31 2. a)
4
2 3
1 0
2 11 20 31 2 3 4 5
4
2 3
1 20 11 0
2 1
3
h) 4
2 1
3 20 11 02 13 b)
2
2 1
1 00 11 22 33 1 2 3 4 5
2 1 0 1 2 3
0 1 c) 0x4
2 3
c)
3. a) x.0
2 1 b) x3 0 1 2 3 4
2
2 1
d) 24,x21
1 00 11 22 33
2 1 0 1 2 3 d)
4. 2 1
a) x20000 0 1 2
b) 135x180 3 3 2 1 0 1
2 1 0 1 2 3
c) 5x13,20
2 1 0d) x25
1 2 3 3. q E rWtQwRuq O p
e) 350x400 f) 11
x28
Exercise 3.2 page 26 Student assessment 2 page 29

1. 0.060.60.6060.666.06.66.606 1. a)44 b)13 c)25 d)19
2. RtQwYq eUq iQeWq o e)49 f)3
3. 60cm0.75m 800mm180cm2m 2. a)(724)3256
4. 4kg3500g1kgErkg 700g b)12133(314)533
c)(515)3(624)520
5. 150cm3430ml800cm31litre120cl
d)(515)3624556
Exercise 3.3 page 27 3. a)3.5 b)10
1. a)26 b)10 c)42 d)16 e)8 f) 26
2. a)20 b)34 c)32 d)31 e)20 f)23
1. a)20 b)15 c)11 d)13 e)1 f)4
3. a)27 b)64 c)30 d)3 e)144 f)1.6
2. a)(725)3356
Exercise 3.4 page 27 b)16143(214)540
c)(415)3(621)545
1. a)63(211)518 d)(115)3626530
b)11335516
c)(816)257 3. a) 5.5 b)9
d)(912)34544
Solutions
4 I ntegers, fractions, Exercise 4.5 page 34

1. a)9 b)3
decimals and 2. a)63(416)3520
percentages b)(923)3(712)554
3. a) 29830 b) 41492
Exercise 4.1 page 30 4. a)2 b)7
5. a)224 b)28
1. a)9 b)16 c)20 d)40 e)18
f )72 g)30 h)48 i)210 j)52 6. a)1127.4 b)526.1

1. a) AeF b) AtK c) FiJ d) AyJ e) AwJ
1. a) Qw b) Qe c) We d) Ro e) Er f) q O p
f ) HuK g) GoK h) ArJ i) qT q O j) GuG
k) Rq Ep l) AqFeH Exercise 4.7 page 35
2. a)7 Qr b)6 Et c)6 Ty d)6 T e)5 Ro 1. a)1 Wt b) Qq Pq c) Qq Qw d)1 r W t e)1 y Q t f)1 qQ Qw
f )1 q w g)9 Eu h) 3 q E p i)9 Qw j) 6 q Q w
2. a)1 Qi b)1 Tu c)1 q Q w d) Ry Up e)1 Wr Op f) Tt Qw
Exercise 4.3 page 31 3. a) Qu b) q Q p c) To d) qAw e) rLp f)1 w Q p
1. a)4.5 b)6.3 c)17.8 d)3.07
4. a) Qy Up b) Ri Ti c) Qw Up d) q R o R t e) w O p f) q Q i
e)9.27 f )11.36 g)4.006 h)5.027
i)4.356 j)9.204 5. a)5 Er b) 5 q E p c) 3 q Q p d)6 w U r e)1 Qi f) We Ty
2. a)19.14 b)83.812 c)6.6 d)11.16 6. a)5 Qi b) 7 r O p c) 2 Ei d) w U p e) 22 q E r O p f)1 Qr
e)35.81 f )5.32 g)67.14 h)6.06
i)1.4 j)0.175 Exercise 4.8 page 37
Exercise 4.4 page 32 1. a)8 b) AuS c) Te d) We e) q R t f) Qy
1. a) 5 q T p I p 558% b) Qw Ut 5 Yq p I p 568% 2. a) Qy b) Et c) w R q d) We e) Qr f) w U p
c) Qw Qp 5 Tq p T p 555% d) q E p 5 Eq p P p 530% 3. a) Ty b)2 Qw c)1 Qu d)4 Qy e) Qt f) We
e) Ww Et 5 Oq p W p 592% f) Qt Op 5 Eq p I p 538% 4. a) Et b) q U w c) u O p d) Ww Qt e) Ei f)1 Wt Ty
g) Er 5 Uq p T p 575% h) Wt 5 Rq p P p 540% 5. a) Et b)3 Qq Pw Up c) q I t d)12 Qr
2. Exercise 4.9 page 37
Fraction Decimal Percentage
1 1. a)0.75 b)0.8 c)0.45 d)0.34
0.1 10
10
1
e)0.3 f)0.375 g)0.4375 h)0.2

5
0.2 20 i)0.63
3
0.3 30
10
2. a)2.75 b)3.6 c)4.35 d)6.22
4 = 25 0.4 40
10 e)5.6 f)6.875 g)5.5625 h)4.2
12 0.5 50 i)5.4 28571
53 0.6 60
7
10
0.7 70
4

5
0.8 80 1. a) Qw b) q U p c) Et d) Er e) rE pE
9 0.9 90 f) w Q p g) w Q p h) t W p P p Q i) t p Q p p
10
41 0.25 25 2. a)2 Wt b)6 Qw c)8 Qt d)3 Er e)10 Qw Qp

43 0.75 75 f) 9 w T t Q p g)15 w O p Q p h) 30 q p Q p p i) 1 w !Rp Qp p
Solutions
Exercise 4.11 page 40 5 Further

1. a) b) c) = d)
percentages
1 7 42 14 65
3 9 99 33 99
2. a) 990
55
= 181 b) 990
62
= 495
31
c) 90 = 1 451
92
d) 9900 = 4 4950
39 638 19

3. 1
5
1. a)60% b)40%
4. 1
6
2. a)87.5% b)73.3%
Student assessment 1 page 41 c) 29.16% d) 14.29% (2 d.p.)
3. a)0.39 b)0.47 c)0.83 d)0.07
1. a)12 b)33 c)6 d)90
e)0.02 f)0.2
2. a)30% b)29% c)50% d)70% 4. a)31% b)67% c)9% d)5%
e)80% f )219% g)6% h)75% e)20% f)75%
i)31% j)7% k)340% l)200%
3. a)23 b)18 Exercise 5.2 page 44
4. 22977 1. a)25% b) 66.6% c) 62.5%
d)180% e) 490% f) 387.5%
5. 360.2
2. a)0.75 b)0.8 c)0.2
6. a)2 q Q y b)9 d)0.07 e)1.875 f)0.16
7. a)0.4 b)1.75 c)0.81 d)1.6 3. a)20 b)100 c)50
d)36 e)4.5 f)7.5
8. a)4 Qt b) t E p c)1 Qw Up d)2 w Qp p
4. a)8.5 b)8.5 c)52
9. a) 37
99 b) 8
99 c)1 19
90
d)52 e)17.5 f)17.5
10. 650
900 = 13
18
5. a) Black 6 b) Blonde 3 c) Brown 21
6. Lamb 66 Chicken 24 Turkey 12 Duck 18
7. Australian 143 Pakistani 44 Greek 11 Other 22
1. a)21 b)27 c)22 d)39
8. Newspapers 69 Pens 36 Books 18 Other 27
2. a)60% b)49% c)25% d)90%
e)150% f )327% g)5% h)35% Exercise 5.3 page 45
i)77% j)3% k)290% l)400%
3. a)0 b)19 1. a)48% b)36.8% c)35%
d)50% e)45% f)40%
4. 18032 g)33 Qe % h) 57% (2s.f.)
5. 340.7 2. Win 50% Lose 33 Qe %Draw 16 We %
6. a)1 q U p b)2 3. A534.5% (1d.p.) B525.6% (1d.p.)
7. a)0.875 b)1.4 c)0.8 d)3.285714 C523.0% (1d.p.) D516.9% (1d.p.)
8. a)6 Qw b) w Q t c)3 Qw Ep d) 3 q Qw t 4. Red 35.5% Blue 31.0% White 17.7%

Silver 6.6%Green 6.0%Black 3.2%
9. a) 997 b) 1000
1
c)3 992
10. 11
50
1. a)187.5 b)322 c)7140

d)245 e)90 f)121.5
2. a)90 b)38 c)9
d)900 e)50 f)43.5
Solutions
3. a)20% b)80% c)110% Student assessment 3 page 50

d)5% e)85% f)225%
1. $3500 $12000 $1 $56
4. a)50% b)30% c)5%
d)100% e)36% f)5% 2. $500 $250 $20000 $137500
5. 7475 tonnes 3. 15
6. $6825 4. $15000
7. a)$75 b)$93.75 5. 40000 tonnes
8. a)43 b)17.2% Student assessment 4 page 51
9. 1100
1. $200$25$524$10
Exercise 5.5 page 48 2. $462$4000$4500$5500
1. a)600 b)350 c)900 3. 15 marks
d)250 e)125 f)1.5 4. 35000
2. a)56 b)65 c)90 5. 25000 units
d)20 e)0.25 f) 238
6. 46500 units
3. 280 pages
4.
5. 22
12500 families 6 atio and
R
6. 12200000m3 proportion
Student assessment 1 page 49 Exercise 6.1 page 52
1. 48
1. 640m
2. 16h 40min
2. $345.60
3. 11 units
3. $10125
4. a) 7500 bricks b) 53h
4. a) 20% b) 41.7% (3s.f.)
5. a) 6250 litres b) 128km
c) 22.5% d) 85.7% (3s.f.)
e) 7% f) 30% 6. 1110km (3s.f.)
5. 16% profit 7. a)450 b) 75 c) 120

8. a) 480 km b) 96 km/h
6. a) $36 b) 25%

1. a) 450kg b) 1250kg
1. 750m
2. a)Butter 600g Flour 2kg Sugar 200g
2. $525 Currants 400g
3. $97200 b)120 cakes
4. a) 29.2% (3s.f.) b) 21.7% (3s.f.) 3. a) 16.8 litres

c)125% d) 8.33% (3s.f.) b) Red 1.2 litres White 14.3 litres
e)20% f)10% 4. a)125
b) Red 216 Yellow 135
5. 8.3%
c) 20
6. a)$650 b) 61.8% (3s.f.) 5. a) 42 litres
b)Orange juice 495 litres
Mango juice 110 litres
Solutions
Exercise 6.3 page 55 6. 32

7. 210
1. 60:90
2. 16:24:32 8. 90
3. 3.25:1.75 Exercise 6.6 page 58

4. 18:27 1. 22cm by 16.5cm
5. 10:50 2. 28cm by 21cm
6. 7:1
3. 5:2
7. Orange 556ml (3s.f.) Water 444ml (3s.f.)
4. Min.532:1 Max.535:1
8. a) 11:9
b) 440 boys 360 girls 5. a) i) 28cm2 ii) 112cm2 b) 4:1
9. Et 6. a) i) 9cm 2
ii) 81cm 2
b) 9:1
10. 32cm 7. a) i) 30cm3 ii) 240cm3 b) 8:1
11. 4km and 3km 8. a) i) 64cm3 ii) 1728cm3 b) 27:1
12. 40, 80, 120, 120 9. a) 16cm 2
b) 4cm
2
c) 1:4
13. 45, 75, 60 10. Students own answer.
14. 24 yr old $400000 28 yr old $466667
32 yr old $533333 Student assessment 1 page 59
15. Alex $2000Maria $3500Ahmet $2500 1. a) 15 km b) 6 km/h
2. 16cm and 14cm
3. 1200g
1. 4
4. 200g
2. Speed (km/h) 60 40 30 120 90 50 10
5. a) 2km b) 48cm
1
1 3 2 25
Time (h) 2 3 4 1 12 6. a) 26 litres of petrol and 4 litres of oil
b) 3250ml
3. a)
i) 12h ii) 4h iii) 48h
b)i)16 ii)3 iii)48 7. a) 1:40 b) 13.75cm
4. a) 30 rows b) 42 chairs 8. Girl $1040 Boy $960
5. 6h 40min 9. 24, 60, 96
6. 4 10. a) 15s b) 8 copiers
7. 18h 11. 6h
12. 2
1. a)160 b)250 c)175
d)110 e)225 f)128 1. a) 30 km b) 30 km/h
2. a)93 Qe b)116 We c)80 2. a) q Up b)45 cm
d)157 Qw e)154 f)85 3. a) 375g b) 625g
3. a)40 b)50 c)35 4. a) 450m b) 80cm
d)36 e)15 f)52
5. a) 1:25 b) 1.75m
4. a)22 Qw b) 6 We c)17 Qw 6. 300:750:1950
d)5 Ti e)18 Er f)13 Qw
7. 60, 90, 90, 120
5. 50
Solutions
8. 150 Exercise 7.3 page 64

9. a) 13.5h b) 12 pumps
1. a)8 b)25 c)1
10. d)1 e)1 f) Q
53 2. a)Qr b) Qo c)Et p
1
8 3 cm d)!w p Q p e)1 f) q p Q p p
53 3. a)1 b)2 c)4
d) Qw e) Qy f)10
37
2
4. a)12 b)32 c)225
6 3 cm 4 cm
d)80 e)7 f)64
11. a) 4min 48s b) 1.6 litres/min
12. 21.6 cm by 9 cm
1. a)2 b)4 c)3
d)3 e)4 f)0
7 I ndices and 2. a)4 b)1 c) Ew
standard form 3.
d) 21
a) 23
e)2
b) 24
f)0
c) 25
d) 2 We e) 22 f) 2 Qw
4. a) 23 b) 27 c) 23
1. a)33 b)25 c)42 d)2 e)8 f)5
d)64 e)86 f)51
2. a)23332 b)45352 c)32343352 Exercise 7.5 page 67
d)2374 e)62 f)33342365 1. d and e
3. a)434 2. a)63105 b)4.83107 c)7.8431011
b)5353535353535 d)5.34310 e)73106
5
f)8.53106
c)333333333
3. a)6.83106 b)7.23108 c)83105
d)43434363636
d)7.53107 e)43109 f)53107
e)73732323232323232
f )33334343432323232 4. a) 3800 b) 4250000 c) 90030000
d) 101000
4. a)32 b)81 c)64
d)216 e) 1000000 f)256 5. a)63105 b)2.43107 c)1.43108
g)72 h) 125000 d)33109 e)1.231013 f)1.83107
6. 1.44
31011m = 1.443108 km
7. a)8.83108 b)2.0431011 c)3.3231011
1. a)3
6
b)8 7
c)5 9
d)4.231022 e)5.131022 f)2.531025
d)410 e)24 f)35366
8. a)23102 b)33105 c)43106
g)48359362 h)243510368
d)23104 e)2.53106 f)43104
2. a)44 b)53 c)2 9. a)4.263105 b)8.483109 c)6.3883107
d)63 e)63 f)8 d)3.1573109 e)4.53108 f)6.013107
g)43 h)37 g)8.1531010 h)3.563107
3. a)54 b)412 c)1010
d)315 e)68 f)86
4. a)23 b)3 c)53 1. a) 631024 b) 5.331025 c) 8.6431024
d)45 e)4 32 (= 2 ) f)64385
3 2 8 d) 8.831028 e) 731027 f) 4.14531024
g)43352 h)4367 2. a) 6.831024 b) 7.531027 c) 4.2310210
d) 831029 e) 5.7310211 f) 4310211
Solutions
3. a) 0.008 b) 0.00042 c) 0.0903 Student assessment 3 page 72

d) 0.0000101
1. a) 83106 b) 7.231024 c) 7.531010
4. a) 24 b) 23 c) 28
d) 431024 e) 4.753109 f) 6.431027
d) 25 e) 27 f) 3
2. a) 20700 b) 0.00145 c) 0.0523
5. 6.8
3105 6.2 3103 8.414
3102
6.741310 3.2
24
310 5.8
24
31027 3. 7.41310 3.6
29
31025 5.5
31023
5.5731029 4.21310 6.2
7
310 4.9
7
3108
4. a) 63106 8.2
3105 4.4
31023
Exercise 7.7 page 70 8 310 5.2
21
310 4
1. a)4 b)5 c)10 d)3 e)9 f)10 b) 63106 8.23105 5.23104

831021 4.4
31023
2. a)2 b)3 c)2 d)2 e)6 f)4
5. a) 2 b) 8 c) 24
3. a)8 b)32 c)27 d)64 e)1 f)9 d) 5 e) 25 f) 25
4. a)25 b)8 c)32 d)100 e)32 f)27 6. a) 1.23108 b) 5.63108 c) 23105
d) 2.53105
5. a) Qw b) Qe c) Qw d) Qe e) Qw f) Qy
7. 6 minutes
6. a) Qe b) Qw c) Qr d) Qe e) Qy f) Qe
8. 4.7331015km correct to three significant
figures (3s.f.)
1. a)1 b)7 c)2 d)1 e)81 f)6 Student assessment 4 page 73
2. a)25 b)2 c)2 d)27 e)4 f)2 1. a) 63106 b) 4.531023 c) 3.83109
d) 3.61310 e) 4.63108 f) 3
27
3100
3. a)4 b)2 c)64 d)9 e)3 f)27
2. a) 8112000 b) 440000 c) 0.000305
Student assessment 1 page 71 3. 4.05310 3.6
3102 9
8
3101
1.5310 7.2
22
310 2.1
23
31023
1. a)23352 b)22335
4. a) 1.53107 4.3 3105 4.3531024
2. a)43434 b)6363636
4.8 310 8.5
0
310 23
3. a)800 b)27 b) 4.3531024 8.531023 4.8

3100
4.3 3105 1.5 3107
4. a)3 7
b)6 33
5 9
c)2 7
d)6 e)32342 f)1 5. a) 3 b) 9 c) 23

d) 6 e) 21 f) 8
5. a)4 b)9 c)5 d)1
6. a) 1.23108 b) 1.4831011 c) 6.733107
6. a)7 b) 22 c) 21 d) Qe
d) 3.883106
Student assessment 2 page 71 7. 43.2 minutes (3s.f.)
1. a)22335 b) 214 8. 2.84

31015km (3s.f.)
2. a)636363636
1
b) }}} 1. a)9 b)3 c)3 d)125
232323232
e)49 f)0.5 g)5 h)16
3. a) 27000 b)125
2. a)1 b)9 c)4 d)25
4. a)2 7
b)7 3312
7
c)26 e)2 f)8 g)1 h)45
d)33 e)421 f)22
5. a)5 b)16 c)49 d)48
6. a)2.5 b) 20.5 c)0 d) Wo
Solutions
3. a) y
10
8 Money and finance
9
8 Exercise 8.1 page 75
7 1. a)A$31.25 b) 3500 rupees
6 c)ZIM$9400 d) 3300 rand
e) L299 f) 4120 yen
5
g) 160 dinar h)US$195
4
2. a) $400 b) $2.86
3
c) $2.13 d) $45.45
2 e) $326.09 f) $11.65
1 g) $125 h) $115.38
O
3 2 1 1 2 3 x Exercise 8.2 page 76
1. $154.82
b)Approx. 2.9
2. $182
Student assessment 6 page 74 3. $131
1. a)2 b)81 c) Qe d)64 4. $290.50
e)3 f )2 g)6 h)32 5. a)$195.05 b)$132.63
2. a)15 b)4 c)3 d)3125 6. $137.50
e)4 f)1 g)27 h)10
7. $525
3. a)
y 8. a)
298 rand b) 253.30 rand
20
16
1. $1.80 loss
14
2. $2.88 profit
12
10 3. $54.65 profit per seat
8 4. $240 extra
6 5. $250 loss
4
2
O 1. a)11% b)25%
3 2 1 1 2 3 x
2. a)30% b)20%
b)Approx. 22.6
3. TypeA530%
TypeB515.4%
TypeC533.3%
Type C makes most profit.
4. 80%

1. a)$72 b)$420
2. a) t55 b) t57
Solutions
3. a) r57 b) r54
4. a) P5200 b) P5850
9 Time
5. r54 Exercise 9.1 page 85
6. t52 1. 0840
7. r54.5 2. 1845
8. r59.5 3. 0825
9. $315 4. a) 2h 18 min
10. r56 b) 1h 24 min
5. 1st: 30 min 2nd: 32 min 44 s
Exercise 8.6 page 82 3rd: 34 min 17 s 4th: 35 min 7s
1. $11 033 750 5th: 36 min
2. $52 087.50 6. 2.10 a.m. on Wednesday
3. $10 368 7. 2145
4. 1331 students 8. 1115
5. 3 276 800 tonnes Student assessment 1 page 86

6. 2 years 1. 09 03
7. 5 years 2. 5 h 54 min
8. 3 years 3. 49 km
Student assessment 1 page 83 4. 11 h 5 min
1. a) 2880 rupees b)HK$83.33 Student assessment 2 page 86

2. a) 625 b) 192.31 1. 08 18
3. $122.40 2. 2 h 15 min
4. $26.16 ($12.96
1$13.20) 3. 154 km
5. a)$72 b)8% c) 4years 4. a) 3 h 30 min or 3.5 h
d)7.5% e)$1250 b) 90 km/h
6. $6000
7. 30% 10 et notation and
S
Student assessment 2 page 84 Venn diagrams
1. a) $82.50 b) $4800 c) $2187.50
2. 3.5%
1. a) i) Continents of the world
3. 5 years
ii) Students own answers
4. a) $24.36 b) $2969.24 c) $9953.45 b) i) Even numbers
5. a) i) $10 625 ii) Students own answers
ii) $9031.25 c) i) Days of the week
b) 16 years ii) Students own answers
d) i) Months with 31 days
Solutions
e) i) Triangle numbers 4. a) %5{a, b, p, q, r, s, t}

ii) Students own answers b) A'5{a, b}
f) i) Boys names beginning with the letter m 5. a) %5{1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8}
ii) Students own answers b) A'5{1, 4, 6, 8}
g) i) Prime numbers greater than 7 c) A>B5{2, 3}
ii) Students own answers d) A<B5{1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 7, 8}
e)(A>B)'5{1, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8}
h) i) Vowels f) A>B'5{5, 7}
ii) o, u
6. a) i) A5{even numbers from 2 to 14}
i)
i) Planets of the solar system
ii) B5{multiples of 3 from 3 to 15}
iii) C5{multiples of 4 from 4 to 20}
j) i) Numbers between 3 and 12 b) i) A>B5{6, 12}
ii) Students own answers ii) A>C5{4, 8, 12}
k) i) Numbers between 25 and 5 iii) B>C5{12}
ii) Students own answers iv) A>B>C5{12}
v) A<B5{2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 9, 10, 12, 14, 15}
2. a)7 c)7 d)7 vi) C<B5{3, 4, 6, 8, 9, 12, 15, 16, 20}
f)Unquantifiably finite, though theoretically
infinite 7. a) i) A5{1, 2, 4, 5, 6, 7}
h)5 i)9 ii) B5{3, 4, 5, 8, 9}
iii) C'5{1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 8, 9}
iv) A>B5{4, 5}
Exercise 10.2 page 89 v) A<B5{1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9}
1. a) Q5{2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, 16, 18, 20, 22, 24, vi) (A>B)'5{1, 2, 3, 6, 7, 8, 9}
26, 28} b) C,A
b) R5{1, 3, 5, 7, 9, 11, 13, 15, 17, 19, 21, 23,
8.
a) i) W5{1, 2, 4, 5, 6, 7, 9, 10}
25, 27, 29}
ii) X5{2, 3, 6, 7, 8, 9}
c) S5{2, 3, 5, 7, 11, 13, 17, 19, 23, 29}
iii) Z'5{1, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 10}
d) T5{1, 4, 9, 16, 25}
iv) W>Z5{2, 9}
e) U5{1, 3, 6, 10, 15, 21, 28}
v) W>X5{2, 6, 7, 9}
2. a) B5{55, 60, 65} vi) Y>Z5{ } or \
b) C5{51, 54, 57, 60, 63, 66, 69} b) Z
c) D5{64}
3. a){p, q, r}, {p, q}, {p, r}, {q, r}, {p}, {q}, {r}, { }
Exercise 10.4 93
b){p, q}, {p, r}, {q, r}, {p}, {q}, {r} 1. a)
A B
4. a)True b)True c)True d)False
e)False f)True g)True h)False Libya Iran
Exercise 10.3 page 91 Morocco Egypt Iraq
1. a) True b) True c) False Turkey

d) False e) False f) True Chad
2. a) A>B5{4, 6}
b) A>B5{4, 9} b)i) A>B5{Egypt}
c) A>B5{yellow, green} ii) A<B5{Libya, Morocco, Chad,
Egypt, Iran, Iraq, Turkey}
3. a) A<B5{2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 9, 10, 13, 18}
b) A<B5{1, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 16}
c) A<B5{red, orange, blue, indigo, violet,
yellow, green, purple, pink}
Solutions
2. a) P Q 4. a)
P C
2
11 15
3 10
13 20 25
5 17 19
5
7
2 8

b)i) P>Q5{11, 13, 17}
ii) P<Q5{2, 3, 5, 7, 11, 13, 15, 17, 19} 30
3. A B
1 2 6 B

b) 100
8
4
3
10
1. a) {even numbers from 2 to 8}
b) {even numbers}
4. X c) {square numbers}
Y
d) {oceans}
a d b 2. a)7 b) 2 c) 6 d) 366
l
g e h 3. a)
A B
k
c
i
f m
j
b) A B
Z
5. P Q
11
7 5
15 4. {a, b}, {a}, {b}, { }
1
4 9 10 5. A'5{m, t, h}

R Student assessment 2 page 95
1. a) {odd numbers from 1 to 7}
Exercise 10.5 page 94 b) {odd numbers}
c) {triangle numbers}
1. a) 5 b) 14 c) 13 d) {countries in South America}
2. 45 2. a)12 b) 3 c) 7
d) Students own answer
3. a) 10 b) 50
Solutions
3. a) % 4. a) %
A B
M N
2
4
9 5
b) % 10
A B 6
7
8
1
3

4. {o, r, k}, {w, r, k}, {w, o, k}, {w, o, r}, {w, o, r, k} b) X5{multiples of 10}
5. P'5{1, 3, 5, 7} 5. a) G C

1. {2, 4}, {2, 6}, {2, 8}, {4, 6}, {4, 8}, {6, 8}, {2, 4, 6}, 19 7 8
{2, 4, 8}, {2, 6, 8}, {4, 6, 8}
6
2. a) J K
London 2 22
Paris
Nairobi
Rome Ankara 13
Washington Cairo Pretoria
Canberra S
b)6
b){Ankara, Cairo} c) {Nairobi, Pretoria}
3. a)
M N 1. a)32
4 12 b){a, e, i, o, u}, {a, e, i, o}, {a, e, i, u}, {a, e, o,
2
15 6 5 23 u}, {a, i, o, u}, {e, i, o, u}
3
8 7
9 11 2. a) X Y
13 29 cat
10 14
16 17 tiger lion elephant
19
18 20 cheetah gazelle
leopard
zebra
puma

b){2, 3, 5, 7, 11, 13, 17, 19}
c){4, 6, 8, 9, 10, 12, 14, 15, 16, 18, 20, 23, 29} jaguar
anaconda
tarantula
mosquito
Z
b){lion, cheetah} c)\ d)\
Solutions
3. a)Let the number liking only cricket be x.

% U 11 Algebraic
C F
representation
x 3x 2x + 6
and manipulation

b)15 c)5 d)16 1. a) 4x212 b) 10p220
c) 242x124y d) 6a29b212c
4. a)5 b) 35 c) 40 d) 50 e) 15
e) 214m121n f) 216x16y
f )12 g) 10 h)78 i)78
2. a) 3x229xy b) a21ab1ac
c) 8m224mn d) 215a2120ab
Topic 1 Mathematical e) 4x224xy f) 24p228pq
investigations and ICT 3. a) 22x213y2 b) a2b
Primes and squares page 100 c) 7p22q d) 3x24y12z
e) 3x2Ew y f) 2x223xy
1. 22 + 32 = 13
42 + 52 = 41 4. a) 12r3215rs16rt
2. 2, 3, 5, 7, 11, 13, 17, 19, 23, 29, 31, 37, 41, 43, b) a31a2b1a2c
47, 53, 59, 61, 67, 71, 73, 79, 83, 89, 97 c) 6a329a2b
d) p2q1pq22p2q2
3. 5, 13, 17, 29, 37, 41, 53, 61, 73, 89, 97 e) m32m2n1m3n f) a61a5b
4. If a number generated by the rule 4n + 1 is
a prime, then it can be expressed as the sum Exercise 11.2 page 104
of two square numbers. (This was proved by 1. a) 2a28 b) 4x220
Fermat in the 17th century.) Alternatively, c) 3p216 d) 21m26n
add 1 to the prime number and divide the e) 3 f) 2p23p2
result by 2. If the answer is even then the
prime number cannot be expressed as the sum 2. a) 8m2128m12 b) x24
of two squares. c) 2p122 d) m212
e) a216a12 f) 7ab216ac13c
5. The rule works for the numbers shown, but
this does not prove that it always works. 3. a) 4x14 b) 5x2 Ew y
c) Or x2 Tw y d) Ow x1 Qw y
Football leagues page 100 e) 7x24y f) 0
1. (17 + 16 + 15 + + 1) 2 = 306 Exercise 11.3 page 105
2. n = t(t 1)
1. a) x215x16 b) x217x112
ICT activity 1 page 101 c) x217x110 d) x217x16
e) x21x26 f) x215x224
2. Students spreadsheet
2. a) x212x224 b) x223x228
3. e.g. in cell C4 enter =B4/B$3*100
c) x222x235 d) x222x215
4. Students spreadsheet e) x222x23 f) x212x263
5. Students report 3. a) x225x16 b) x227x110
c) x2212x132 d) x216x19
ICT activity 2 page 101 e) x226x19 f) x2212x135
Students graphs and responses will vary except:
4. a) x229 b) x2249
6. The gradient of the tangent at a point
c) x2264 d) x22y2
represents the speed of the runner at that
e) a22b2 f) p22q2
point.
Solutions
2a 2 5 6b 1 5
Exercise 11.4 page 106 3. a) b5
6
b) a5
2
3x 2 7y 4z 1 7y
1. a) 2(2x23) b) 6(322p) c) z5 d) x5
c) 3(2y21) d) 2(2a23b) 4 3
e) 3(p2q) f) 4(2m13n14r) 3x 2 4z 81q
e) y5 f) p5
7 2r
2. a) a(3b14c25d) b) 2p(4q13r22s) 4 n
c) a(a2b) d) 2x(2x23y) 4. a) p54r b) p5}} c) p5}}
3r 10
e) ab(c1d1f) f) 3m(m13) 2t
2t
d) n510p e) p5 f) q5}}2r
3. a) 3pq(r23s) b) 5m(m22n) qr p
c) 4xy(2x2y) b) b2(2a223c2)
3m 2 n 3m 2 n
e) 12( p23) f) 6(7x29) 5. a) r5 b) t5
t(p q) r(p q)
4. a) 6(312y) b) 7(2a23b) rt (p q) 1 n
c) 11x(11y) d) 4(s24t15r) c) m5
3
e) 5q( p22r13s) f) 4y(x12y)
d) n53m2rt( p1q)
5. a) m(m1n) b) 3p( p22q) 3m 2 n
c) qr( p1s) d) ab(11a1b) e) p5 2q
rt
e) p3(324p) f) b2c(7b1c)
3m 2 n
6. a) m(m22mn1n2) f) q5 2p
rt
b) 2r2(2r2314s) ab dec
c) 28xy(2x2y) 6. a) d5}} b) a5}}
ce b
d) 18mn(4m12n2mn)
ab
Exercise 11.5 page 106 c) c5}}
de
d) a5cd2b
1. a) 0 b) 30 c) 14 a a
e) b5d2}} f) c5
d) 20 e) 213 f) 24 c d2b
2. a) 23 b) 230 c) 20 Exercise 11.7 page 108
d) 216 e) 240 f) 42
1. a) 2y217y16 b) 3y2125y128
3. a) 2160 b) 223 c) 42 c) 2y2117y18 d) 4y216y12
d) 217 e) 2189 f) 113 e) 6y2123y120 f) 18y2115y13
4. a) 48 b) 28 c) 15 2. a) 2p2113p224 b) 4p2123p235
d) 16 e) 25 f) 9 c) 6p21p212 d) 12p2113p235
5. a) 12 b) 25 c) 25 e) 18p222 f) 28p2144p224
d) 7 e) 7 f ) 36 3. a) 4x224x11 b) 9x216x11
c) 16x2216x14 d) 25x2240x116
Exercise 11.6 page 107 e) 4x2124x136 f) 4x229
1. a) n5r2m b) m5p2n 4. a) 24x219 b) 16x229
c) n53p22m d) q53x22p c) 216x219 d) 225y2149
cd ab e) 8y2218 f) 25y2270y149
e) a5}} f) d5}}
b c
4m 7pq
2. a) x5}} b) r5}} 1. a) (x1y)(a1b) b) (x2y)(a1b)
3y 5
c y27 c) (31x)(m1n) d) (m1n)(41x)
c) x5}} d) x5 e) (m2n)(31x) f) (x1z)(61y)
3 3
3r 1 9 5y 2 9 2. a) (p1q)(r2s) b) (p13)(q24)
e) y5 f) x5
5 3 c) (q24)(p13) d) (r12t)(s1t)
e) (s1t)(r22t) f) (b1c)(a24c)
Solutions
3. a) (y1x)(x14) b) (x22)(x2y) 3. a) (x112)(x12) b) (x18)(x13)

c) (a27)(b13) d) (b21)(a21) c) (x26)(x24) d) (x112)(x13)
e) (p24)(q24) f) (m25)(n25) e) (x118)(x12) f) (x26)2
4. a) (m23)(n22) b) (m23r)(n22r) 4. a) (x15)(x23) b) (x25)(x13)
c) (p24q)(r24) d) (a2c)(b21) c) (x14)(x23) d) (x24)(x13)
e) (x22y)(x22z) f) (2a1b)(a1b) e) (x16)(x22) f) (x212)(x23)
5. a) (x24)(x12) b) (x25)(x14)
Exercise 11.9 page 109 c) (x16)(x25) d) (x16)(x27)
1. a) (a2b)(a1b) b) (m2n)(m1n) e) (x17)(x29) f) (x19)(x26)
c) (x25)(x15) d) (m27)(m17) 6. a) (2x11)(x11) b) (2x13)(x12)
e) (92x)(91x) f) (102y)(101y) c) (2x23)(x12) d) (2x23)(x22)
e) (3x12)(x12) f) (3x21)(x14)
2. a) (122y)(121y) b) (q213)(q113)
g) (2x13)2 h)(3x21)2
c) (m21)(m11) d) (12t)(11t)
i) (3x11)(2x21)
e) (2x2y)(2x1y) f) (5p28q)(5p18q)
3. a) (3x22y)(3x12y) Exercise 11.12 page 112
b) (4p26q)(4p16q)
c) (8x2y)(8x1y)
d) (x210y)(x110y)
P
1. a) x5
2m
T
b) x5
3
! c) x5
m
!
y2
e) (qr22p)(qr12p)
w2w2
d) x5p wq
w2w2
wy
w2w
f ) (ab2cd)(ab1cd)
a) (mn23y)(mn13y)
4. e) x5yw2w2
wn
w2w2
ww
m 2w
b) ( Qw x2 Qe y)( Qw x1 Qe y)
!

2 2 2
p q y
c ) (2x29y2)(2x19y2) f) x5
4
d) (p22q2)(p21q2) 5 (p 2 q)(p 1 q)(p2 + q2)
a) x5}} b) x5! !
P P Pr
e) 4(m223y2)(m213y2) 2. c) x5
f) (4x229y2)(4x219y2) Qr Qr Q
5 (2x 2 3y)(2x 1 3y) (4x2 1 9y2)

n
m
! wst
d) x5 e) x5
r
!
1. a)60 b)240 c)2400 f) x5 !
wr
pq
d)280 e)7600 f)9200 mn 2
2. a)2000 b)9800 c)200
3. a) x5(rp)2 1 2p
k
b) x5 }} c) x5 2
g
d)3200 e) 998000 f)161 rg 2
4m2r
d) x5 2 e) x5
3. a)68 b)86 c)1780 4 p2
d)70 e)55 f)5 4m2r
f) x5
p2
4. a)72.4 b)0.8 c)65
d)15 e) 1222000 f)231 Exercise 11.13 page 113
Exercise 11.11 page 111 vu
1. a) t5 w2w2
b) u5n w2
wawws
1. a) (x14)(x13) b) (x16)(x12) a
c) (x112)(x11) d) (x23)(x24) v2 u2 s2!sat2
c) s5 d) u5}
e) (x26)(x22) f) (x212)(x21) 2a t
!
2. a) (x15)(x11) b) (x14)(x12) 2(s ut) 2(s ut)
c) (x13)2 d) (x15)2 e) a5 f) t5
t2 a
e) (x111)2 f) (x26)(x27)
Solutions
A
!
1 rA 2 2r Exercise 11.16 page 115
2
2. a) r5 b) h5 2
s2 t2

4 ab 11
vf fu 1. a) }} b) c) }}
c) u5 d) n5 7 7 13
vf uf cd xyz p2 q2
d) e) f)
1 2
t 2
1 2
2 2
e) l5 g f) g5l 13 3 5
2 t 3 c2d 4
2. a) }} b) c) }}
7(p + 2) 2 11 11 a
3. a ) x = b) a = 4 + (b 3)
3t 2a 5b 2x 3y 1
d) e) f) 2}}
3 7 2x
Exercise 11.14 page 113 1 3 5
3. a) }} b) }} c) }}
1. a) 0.53m3 (2d.p.) b) r5 !
V

h
2
7
2a
3
3c
1
c) 5.05cm d) }} e) }} f) 2}}
2x 2p 2w
2. a) 66C (2s.f.) b) 211C (2s.f.)
3p 2 q x 2 2y 3m 2 n
9C 4. a) b) c)
c) F5}}132 d) 320F 12 4 9
5 x 2 2y 5r 1 m 5s t
d) e) f)
3. a) 15 hours b) H51200(T2k) 12 10 15
c) 5000m 7x 9x 2y m
5. a) }} b) c) }}
4. a) 524cm3 (3s.f.) ! 3V
b) r53
4
12
m x
15 2
4r
c) r58.42m (3s.f.) d) }} e) }} f) }}
p 2y 7s
x 2 1.5
5. a) $251.50 b) n5
c) n5470
0.05 Exercise 11.17 page 116
Exercise 11.15 page 114 3a 1 2b

1. a)
5a 1 3b
b)
7p 1 4q
c)
6 15 28
xp q p
1. a) }} b) }} c) }} 6a 1 5b 9x 1 20y 10x 1 14y
yq y r d) e) f)
d bd 15 36 35
d) }} e) }2} f) p a 2a 11p
c c 2. a) }} b) }} c) }}
6 15 28
2. a) m2 b) r5 c) x6 11a 29x 24x
r3 d) }} e) }} f) }}
d) xy2 e) abc3 f) }} 15 36 35
pq m r x
2x 3. a) }} b) }} c) 2}}
3. a) }} b)4q2 c)5n 10 10 4
y
2 29x 23x p
d)3x3y e)3p f) }} d) }} e) }} f) }}
3mn 28 6 6
2a 2y p 2c 4x
4. a) }} b) }} c)2 4. a) }} b) }} c) }}
3b x 2 3 5
m q w
d)3xy e)3 f)6xy d) }} e) }} f) }}
3 5 4
8y 5p p3 3m 7m m
5. a) }} b) }} c) }} 5. a) }} b) }} c) 2
3 2 s 2 3 2
ef 5m p 36q
d) }2} d) }} e) }} f) }}
c 2 3 7
20x 9b
6. a) b)
3 8
Solutions
pr 2 p x 1 xy mn 1 m Student assessment 2 page 119

6. a) b) c)
r y n 1. a) 6x29y115z b) 8pm228p
a 1 ab 2xy 2 x 2pq 2 3p c) 28m2n14mn2 d) 20p3q28p2q228p3
d) e) f)
b y q e) 22x22 f) 22x2214x
g) 2 h) Tw x22x
7. a) 5a + 12 b) 11b 20 2. a) 8(2p2q) b) p(p26q)
6 15 c) 5pq(p22q) d) 3pq(322p14q)
c) 3c 2 d) 25d 54 3. a)0 b) 27 c)29
4 14
d)7 e)7 f)35
Exercise 11.18 page 118 4. a) n5p24m
4x 2 5z
b) y5
3x 1 4 m27 3
1. a) b) 10px 3w
(x 2)(x 1) (m 2)(m 2 1) c) y5}} d) y5}}2x
3p 2 7 w 1 11 3 m
c) d) pqt
(p 2 3)(p 2 2) (w 2 1)(w 1 3) e) r5}} f) q5r(m2n)2p
12 12 2 m 4mn
e) f)
(y 1 4)(y 1 1) (m 2 2)(m 1 3)
x y m2
2. a) b) c) 1. a) (m25n)(x25)
x2 y3 m23
p m m1 b) (2x29y)(2x19y)
d) e) f) c) 7600
p25 m4 m12
d) (x22y2)(x21y2) 5 (x y)(x + y)(x2 + y2)
x x y
3. a) b) c) 2. a) x218x115 b) x2214x149
x3 x4 y23
c) x2110x125 d) x225x214
x x x
d) e) f) e) 6x2113x28 f) 25y2270y149
x3 x2 x1
x x x 3.
a) (x216)(x22) b) (x14)(x26)
4. a) b) c) c) (x26)(x23) d) (x21)2
x1 x3 x23
e) (2x21)(x13) f) (3x22)2
x x x
d) e) f) v2 u2
x2 x23 x7 4. a) a 5 w2w2
b) h5p ww
rw2
2s
1. a)10a230b115c b)15x2227x
c) s 5 !
rn

m
42l
d) g5
t2
c) 215xy225y3 d)15x3y19x2y223x5 5w
e) x = 7 2y f) x =
e)122p f)14m2214m 3 3
g)4x13 h) AwDm223m 4n2
5. a) b2 b) x4 c)
m
2. a)4(3a2b) b) x(x24y)
p3q 2
e) 5t
3
c)4p2(2p2q) d)8xy(322x1y) d) f) 2s
r
2
6 3r
3. a) 221 b)26 c) 43 3m 5r
12m 1 5n
d)7 e)12 f)12 6. a) b) }} c) }}
16 4y 12x
3m 2 8r
4. a) q5x23p b) n5 8x 2 9y 6r 5x 2
5 d) e) }} f)
12 7 3
2mt 2y
c) y5}} d) w5}}2y 5m 1 13 y3
3 x 7. a) }
b)
(m 1 2)(m 1 3) y23
xyt
e) p5}} f) x5w(m1n)2y x
2rs c)
x7
Solutions
Student assessment 4 page 121 12 Algebraic indices

1. a) (q1r)(p23r)
b) (12t2)(11t2) = (1 2 t)(1 1 t)(1 1 t2) Exercise 12.1 page 123
c) 750000 d) 50
2. a) x222x28 b) x2216x164 1. a) c8 b) m2 c) b9
c) x212xy1y2 d) x22121 d) m3n6 e) 2a4b f) 3x3y2
e) 6x2213x16 f) 9x2230x125 uv3 x2y3 z2
g) h)
2 3
3. a) (x211)(x17) b) (x23)2
c) (x212)(x112) d) 3(x22)(x13) 2. a) 12a5 b) 8a5b3 c) 8p6
e) (2x23)(x14) f) (2x25)2 d) 16m4n6 e) 200p13 f) 32m5n11
g) 24xy3 h) ab(d1e)
4. a) f5 !
p

m
b) t5 !
m

1 2
A 2
c) p5 2q
r
ty
d) x5
y2t c)
c3 b)
1. a)
q d)
2
g
m1 or
1
m
e ) p = 4q f) t = r(s 1) 2. a)
a2 b)
r6

p6
or 6
2+ r p 6
r
5. a) x4 b) nq c) y3 c) t16 d)
m9
4
d) }} e ) n
3
f) 21bc
2
q 2 4 3 1 3
1. a) a5 b) a3 c) a d) a7
2m 3p 3x
6. a) }} b) 2 c) }} 7 3 5
2. a)( b)2 b)( b)8 c)( b)2 d)( b)4
3
11 16 4y
3 3 5
16
6m 13n 3. a) a4 b) a 20 c) a2 d) a
d) e ) 14 y e ) 4y + 9
30p 3 2 20 5
4. a)( b)19 b)( b)7 c)( b)14
3 6
d)( b)11
7x 2 23 a2b
7. a) b) }} x
5
2 1 5 9
(x 5)(x 2) a1b 5. a) b)
2y 3 c) 4p 2
d) 1
12 2x 3
1
c) }} Student assessment 1 page 126
x13
1. a) a3b2 b) d2e5
2. a) m m m b) r r r r
1.

a) 0.204m3 (3s.f.)
c) r55.40cm
!V
b) r5
h
3. a) a7 b) p5 q9 c) b3 d) e6
1 1
A 4. a) r4 b) 2 or b2 c) or n3
2. a) 2410cm2 b) h5}}2r b n3
c) 10.9cm 2r 5. a) p9 b) h7
3. a) 5.39cm (3s.f.) Student assessment 2 page 126

7
25
b) 3.68m (3s.f.) 1. a) a8 b) a
ww2
c) x5d 2
wy
w2w2
wz
w2w 9 3
2. a)( b4) b)( b2)
d) 0.713m (3s.f.) 11 19
2 3. a) a6 b) a6
Tg
4. a) 4.44s (3s.f.) b) l5 2 15
4 4. a)( t )3 b)( t )19
c) 2.28m (3s.f.)
Solutions
d)i) 9x1455360 ii) x535

quations and
E

13 iii) 35, 55, 120, 150
e)i) 6x1185180 ii) x527
inequalities

iii) 50, 50, 130, 130
4. a) 20 b) 25 c) 14 d) 25
Exercise 13.1 page 127 e) 31 f) 40
1. a) x524 b) y55 c) y525 5. a) 50 b) 13 c) 40 d) 40
d) p524 e) y58 f) x525.5
6. a) 5 b) 2 c) 7 d) 1.1
2. a) x54 Qe b) x55 c) x56 e) 25 f) 15
d) y528 e) y54 f) m510
3. a) m51 b) p53 c) k521 Exercise 13.3 page 133
d) x5221 e) x52 f) y53 1. a) x54 y52 b) x56 y55
4. a) x56 b) y514 c) x54 c) x56 y521 d) x55 y52
d) m512 e) x535 f) p520 e) x55 y52 f) x54 y59
5. a) x515 b) x525 c) x57.5 2. a) x53 y52 b) x57 y54

d) x58 e) x52.5 f) x510 c) x51 y51 d) x51 y55
e) x51 y510 f) x58 y52
6. a) x55 b) x514 c) x522
3. a) x55 y54 b) x54 y53
d) x55 e) x58 f) x52
c) x510 y55 d) x56 y54
7. a) y510 b) x517 c) x513 e) x54 y54 f) x510 y522
d) y525 e) x54 f) x56.5
4. a) x55 y54 b) x54 y52
Exercise 13.2 page 129 c) x55 y53 d) x55 y522
e) x51 y55 f) x523 y523
1. a) i) 3x1605180 ii) x540
iii) 40, 60, 80 5. a) x525 y522 b) x523 y524
b) i) 3x5180 ii) x560 c) x54 y53 We d) x52 y57
iii) 20, 80, 80 e) x51 y51 f) x52 y59
c) i) 18x5180 ii) x510 6. a) x52 y53 b) x55 y510
iii) 20, 50, 110 c) x54 y56 d) x54 y54
d)i) 6x5180 ii) x530 e) x55 y51 f) x523 y523
iii) 30, 60, 90
e) i) 7x2305180 ii) x530 7. a) x51 y521 b) x511 We y58
iii) 10, 40, 130 c) x54 y50 d) x53 y54
f ) i) 9x2455180 ii) x525 e) x52 y58 f) x51 y51
iii) 25, 55, 100
2. a) i) 12x5360 ii) x530
1. a) x52 y53 b) x51 y54
iii) 90, 120, 150
c) x55 y52 d) x53 y53
b)i) 11x1305360 ii) x530
e) x54 y52 f) x56 y51
iii) 90, 135, 135
c)i) 12x1605360 ii) x525 2. a) x51 y54 b) x55 y52
iii) 35, 80, 90, 155 c) x53 y53 d) x56 y51
d)i) 10x1305360 ii) x533 e) x52 y53 f) x52 y53
iii) 33, 94, 114, 119
3. a) x50 y53 b) x55 y52
3. a)i) 11x2805360 ii) x540 c) x51 y57 d) x56 y54
iii) 40, 80, 80, 160 e) x52 y55 f) x53 y50
b)i) 10x1605360 ii) x530
4. a) x51 y50.5 b) x52.5 y54
iii) 45, 90, 95, 130
c) x5 Qt y54 d) x5 Er y5 Qw
c)i) 16x185360 ii) x522
e) x55 y5Q f) x5 Qw y51
iii) 44, 96, 100, 120
Solutions
Exercise 13.5 page 135 5. a) 24 and 3 b) 26 and 22 c) 29 and 4

d) 21 e) 22 f) 29 and 28
1. 10 and 7
6. a) 0 and 8 b) 0 and 7 c) 23 and 0
2. 16 and 9 d) 24 and 0 e) 0 and 9 f) 0 and 4
3. x51 y54 7. a) 21.5 and 21 b) 21 and 2.5
c) 21 and Qe d) 25 and 2 Qw
4. x55 y52
e) 1.5 and 5 f) 21 Qe and Qw
5. 60 and 20 years old 8. a) 212 and 0 b) 29 and 23 c) 28 and 4
6. 60 and 6 years old d) 27 and 2 e) 26 and 6 f) 210 and 10

1. a) 7 b) 3 c) 6 1. 24 and 3
d) 7 e) 10 f) 15 2. 26 and 7
2. a) 7 b) 6 c) 6 3. 2
d) 10 e) 3 4. 4
3. a) 8 b) 5 c) 8 5. Height = 3 cm, base length = 12 cm
d) 6 e) 6
6. Height = 20 cm, base length = 2 cm
4. a) 6, 18, 26
7. Base length = 6 cm, height = 5 cm
b) 160, 214, 246, 246
c) 50, 80, 100, 140, 170 8. a) 9x114550 b) x54 c) 11m36m
d) 80, 80, 80, 160, 160, 160
e) 150, 150, 150, 150, 120, 120, 120, 120
1. a) 23.14 and 4.14 b) 25.87 and 1.87
Exercise 13.7 page 139 c) 26.14 and 1.14 d) 24.73 and 21.27
1. a) 24 and 23 b) 22 and 26 e) 26.89 and 1.89 f) 3.38 and 5.62
c) 21 and 212 d) 2 and 5 2. a) 25.30 and 21.70 b) 25.92 and 5.92
e) 2 and 3 f) 2 and 4 c) 23.79 and 0.79 d) 21.14 and 6.14
2. a) 25 and 2 b) 22 and 5 c) 27 and 2 e) 24.77 and 3.77 f) 22.83 and 2.83
d) 22 and 7 e) 25 and 3 f) 23 and 5 3. a) 20.73 and 2.73 b) 21.87 and 5.87
3. a) 23 and 22 b) 23 c) 28 and 23 c) 21.79 and 2.79 d) 23.83 and 1.83
d) 4 and 6 e) 24 and 3 f) 22 and 6 e) 0.38 and 2.62 f) 0.39 and 7.61
4. a) 22 and 4 b) 24 and 5 c) 26 and 5 4. a) 20.85 and 2.35 b) 21.40 and 0.90
d) 26 and 7 e) 27 and 9 f) 29 and 6 c) 0.14 and 1.46 d) 22 and 20.5
e) 20.39 and 1.72 f) 21.54 and 1.39
1. a) 23 and 3 b) 24 and 4
c) 25 and 5 d) 211 and 11 1. a) x,4
e) 212 and 12 f) 215 and 15
11 22 33 44
2. a) 22.5 and 2.5 b) 22 and 2
b) x.1
c) 21.6 and 1.6 d) 2 Qw and Qw
e) 2 Qe and Qe f) 2 w Q p and w Q p 11 22 33 44
3. a) 24 and 21 b) 25 and 22 c) x3
c) 24 and 22 d) 2 and 4
e) 2 and 5 f) 24 and 2 00 11 22 33
4. a) 22 and 5 b) 25 and 2 c) 23 and 6 d) x7
d) 26 and 3 e) 24 and 6 f) 26 and 8
77 88 99 10
10
00 11 22 33
1 2 3 4 5
0 1 2 3
1 2 3 4 5 Solutions
7 8 9 10
e) x ,2 c)3.53x,53.5 4 4.5 5 5.5
0 1 2 3 3 3.5 4 4.5 5 5.5

f ) x.2 d)2 x,4.2
1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4.2
2. a) x ,7 2. a)1 ,x5
1 2 3 4.2
5 6 7 8 0 0 11 1 22 2 33 3 44 4 55 5
5 6 7 8 0
b) x22 b) 21x,1
2
2 1
1 00 11 2 1
2 100 0 11 1 22 2
2 1
c) x .23 c)2 ,x,3
0 1 1 22 2 33 3 44
3 2 1 0
3 2 1
1 4
d) x212 d)No solution
12
12 11
11 10
10 9
9 Student assessment 1 page 145
e) x .224 1. a) 9 b) 11 c) 24 d) 6
24
24 23
23 22
22 21
21 2. a) 1.5 b) 7 c) 4 d) 3
f ) x23 3. a) 210 b) 12 c) 10 d) 11 Qr
3
3 2
2 1
1 0
0 4. a) 16 b) 28 We c) 2 d) 3.5
3. a) x ,2 5. a) x55 y52 b) x53 Qey54 Qe
c) x55 y54 d) x55 y51
00
0 11
1 22
2 33
3
b) x12 Student assessment 2 page 145
9
99 10
10
10 11
11
11 12
12
12 1. a) 26 b) 6 c) 4 d) 2.4
c) x2 2. a) 0.5 b) 4 c) 9.5 d) 5
11
1 22
2 33
3 44
4 3. a)6 b) 15 c) 22 d) 6
d) x22 4. a)8.5 b) 4 Qe c) 8.5 d) 12
2
2
2 1
1
1 00
0 11
1 5. a) x57 y54 b) p51 q52
c) x57 y51 d) m53 n55
e) x .20.5
1
1
1 0.5
0.5
0.5 00
0 0.5
0.5
0.5
f ) x2 1. a) 4x1405180 b) x535
c) 35, 70, 75
11
1 22
2 33
3 44
4
2. 9
Exercise 13.12 page 144 3. 30, 30, 30, 30, 30, 30, 45, 45, 45, 45
1. 1
a)2 ,x4 2 3 4 5 4. 25 and 21
1 2 3 4 5
5. 7.16 and 0.838 (3 s.f.)
b)1 x,5 6. 6
x,7
1 2 3 4 5
5 6 7 8
7. None
1 2 3 4 5
3 3.5 4 4.5 5 5.5
3 3.5 4 4.5 5 5.5

Solutions
Student assessment 4 page 146 4. b) 0.44 and 4.56 (2d.p.)

5. a) B
1. a) 9x2905360 b) x550
c) 50, 60, 100, 150
x
2. 2 x4
3. 135, 85, 95, 95, 130
4. 24 and 5 C x2 A
5. 2.77 and 21.27 (3 s.f.) c)10cm, 8cm, 6cm
6. 3
,x5
2 3 4 5 6 14 Linear
7. All values other than 0
programming
1. a)
x cm
1. a) x,2 b) y2 c) x22
d) y6 e) t.0 f) p23
2. a)2,y4 b) 1p,5
(x 3) cm
c) 5m,7 d) 3,x,4

1. a) y
Perimeter = 54 cm 8
7
b) 4x26554
c) Length515cm Width512cm 6
5
2. a) x, x 2 8, x 2 23
b) 3x 2 31 5 134; 55, 47, 32 4
3
3. b) 20.317 and 6.32 (3s.f.)
2
4. a) x2y518 x1y1701405360
b) x5134 y5116 1
O
5. a) 2 1 1 2 3 4 5 x
1
x
x8 2
3
x1

c)5cm, 12cm, 13cm

1. a) x2y530 x1y1405180
b) x585 y555
2. b) 5x1100 c) 92
e) 92
1821721621525360
3. b) 120 24x2
c) 4x 26450 x54
2
Solutions
b) y e) y
8 8
7 7
6 6
5 5
4 4
3 3
2 2
1 1
O O
2 1 1 2 3 4 5 x 2 1 1 2 3 4 5 x
1 1
2 2
3 3

c) y
y
8 f) 8
7 7
6 6
5 5
4 4
3 3
2 2
1 1
O O
2 1 1 2 3 4 5 x 2 1 1 2 3 4 5 x
1 1
2 2
3 3

d) y 2. a) y
8
8
7
7
6
6
5
5
4
4
3
3
2
2
1
1
O
2 1 1 2 3 4 5 x O
1 2 1 1 2 3 4 5 x
1
2
2
3
3

Solutions
b) y e) y
8 8
7 7
6 6
5 5
4 4
3 3
2 2
1 1
O O
2 1 1 2 3 4 5 x 2 1 1 2 3 4 5 x
1 1
2 2
3 3

c) y f) y
8 8
7 7
6 6
5 5
4 4
3 3
2 2
1 1
O O
2 1 1 2 3 4 5 x 2 1 1 2 3 4 5 x
1 1
2 2
3 3

d) y Exercise 14.3 page 152
8
1. y
7
8
6
7
5
6
4
5
3
4
2
3
1
2
O
2 1 1 2 3 4 5 x 1
1
O
2 2 1 1 2 3 4 5 x
1
3
2
3

Solutions
2.
y Exercise 14.4 page 153
8
7 1. a) x52,y,8 x1y12
6 b)
5 y
4 12
3 11
2 10
1 9
O 8
2 1 1 2 3 4 5 x
1 7
2 6
3 5
4
3. y 3
8
2
7
1
6
5 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 x
4
3
c)Any integer point in the unshaded region,
e.g. (5, 3) meaning 5 car trips and 3 minibus
2
trips
1
2. a) p5 q2 p1q10
O
2 1 1 2 3 4 5 x
1 b)
2 q
3 12
11
4. 10
y
8 9
7 8
6 7
5 6
4 5
3 4
2 3
1 2
O 1
2 1 1 2 3 4 5 x
1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 p
2
3 c)Any integer point in the unshaded region,
e.g. (5, 2) meaning 5 loaves and 2 cakes

Solutions
3. a) m
2 n2mm1n11 Student assessment 1 page 153
b) 1. a) x5 b) y3
n 2. a) 2,y4 b) 4,p8
12 3. a) r,103,s,9 s1r,12
11 b)
10 s
9 12
8 11
7 10
6 9
5 8
4 7
3 6
2 5
1 4
3
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 m 2
c)Any integer point in the unshaded region, 1
e.g. (2, 4) meaning 2 long curtains and 4
short ones 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 r
4. a)3L,9 S,6 L1S10 c)Students own answer
b) 4. a)12,A1E,20 A,10 EA13

b)
S
E
12
20
11
18
10
16
9
14
8
12
7
10
6
8
5
6
4
4
3
2
2

1 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 A
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 L c)Students own answers
c)Any of the points in the unshaded region, Student assessment 2 page 154
e.g. (3, 0) meaning 3 large oranges and no
small ones. 1. a) x7 b) y9
2. a) 1p,4 b) 4,x7
Solutions
3. a) x,4 y.2 x1y8 b)

b)
y Position 1 2 5 10 75 n
8 Term 5 11 29 59 449 6n 1
7
c)
6
5 Position 1 3 8 50 100 n
4 Term 2 0 5 47 97 n + 3
3
d)
2
Position 1 2 3 10 100 n
1
Term 3 0 3 24 294 3n + 6
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 x
e)
c)Students own answers
Position 2 5 7 10 50 n
4. a) c1e40 c16 e5 c.2e
b) e
Term 1 10 16 25 145 3n 5
40 f)
36
32
Term 5.5 7 11.5 34 79 1.5n 4
28
24
3. a) i) +4 b) i) +1
20 ii)4n + 1 ii) n 1
16 iii)201 iii)49
12 c) i) +3 d) i) +0.5
8
ii)3n 13 ii) 0.5n + 5.5
iii)137 iii)30.5
4
e) i) +4 f) i)3
ii)4n 62 ii) 3n + 75
0 4 8 12 16 20 24 28 32 36 40 c
iii)138 iii)75
c)Students own answers
15 Sequences 1. un = n2 + 1
2. un = n2 1
Exercise 15.1 page 157 3. un = n2 + 5
1. a) i) 3n + 2 b) i) 4n 4 4. un = n2 + 8
ii) 32 ii) 36
c) i) n 0.5 d) i) 3n + 9 5. un = n2 3
ii)9.5 ii)21 6. un = 2n2 + 2
e) i) 3n 10 f) i) 4n 5
ii)20 ii)45 7. un = 2n2 2
8. un = 3n2 + 2
2. a)
9. un = 4n2 4
10. un = 5n2 4
Term 1 5 17 45 197 4n 3
Solutions
Exercise 15.3 page 161 4. a) u5 = 27, u100 = 597

b) u5 = 32 , u100 = 46
1. un = n3 + 10
5. a)
2. un = n3 n
3. un = n3 5
Term 17 14 11 10 55 3n + 20
4. un = n3 + n2
5. un = n3 + n2 + 5n b)
6. un = n3 + 3n2 + 5n 2 Position 2 6 10 80 n
1
7. un = n3 + n2 n Term 4 2 0 35 2
n5
8. un = n3 + 5n + 7
Exercise 15.4 page 164 1. a) $515.46 b) 3 years
1. a) Geometric b)Geometric 2. a) $253.50 b)$8.08
c) Not geometric d)Geometric
e) Not geometric f) Not geometric 3. a) 13 b) 243 c)10
2 a) i) 3
1
b) i) 5 4. un = n + 3n + 43 2
ii) 162, 486

1 1
ii) 25 , 125 5. un = n3 + n2 + 3n + 5
1
iii) un = 2(3)n1 iii) un = 25( 5 )n1
d) i) 3 16 Variation
ii) 243, 729
iii) un = (3)n Exercise 16.1 page 170
3 a) 6, 12, 24 b)8
1. a)3 b)21 c)27 d)3 e)10
1
4 a) 4 b) c) 65536
4 2. a)0.5 b)8 c)24.5 d)8 e)16
5. $38203.20 3 1
3. a)24 b) 8 c) 9 d)1
6. a) Because 0.85 0 1
4. a)0.25 b)25 c)4 d) 16
b) $3276.80
c) Because 0.8n 0 where n is the number of
year
1. a) i) y x3 ii) y = kx3
Student assessment 1 page 165 1
b)i)y x3
y = k3
ii)
x
1. a) i) 45, 54 ii) Terms increasing by 9
b) i) 30, 24 ii) Terms decreasing by 6 c)i)t P ii) t = kP
1
c) i) 2.25, 1.125 ii) Terms halving d)i)s s = kt
t ii)
d) i) 212, 218 ii) Terms decreasing by 6
e) i) 27, 8 ii) Descending order of cube e)i)A r2 ii) A = kr2
1 k
numbers f) i) T ii) T =
g g
f) i) 81, 243 ii) Terms multiplied by 3
2. 10.5
2. a) 4n 2 b) 6n + 7 c) 6n 2 3 1
d) n2 3 e) 10n 2 10 f) n3 2 1 3. a) 2 b)2
3. a) i) un = 4n 3 4. 32
ii) 37 1
5. a) 8 b)0.4
b) i)un = 3n + 4
ii) 26 6. 75
Solutions
Exercise 16.3 page 171 17 raphs in practical

G
1. a) h = kt
d) 6s
2
b) 5 c) 45m
situations
2. a) v = k e b)3 c) 49J Exercise 17.1 page 175
13
3. a) l = km b)3 c) l = 6cm 1.
4. a) P = kI2 b) 5 amps 100
Distance (km)
1. a)1.5 b)15 c)3 d)12 60
2. a)10 b)2.5 c) 1 d)20 40

1 1
3. a) 3
b)72 c) 3 d)12
20
5 1
4. a) 5 b) 4
c) 2 d)1
1 4
5. a) 3 b) 3
c)2 d)1 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70
Distance (miles)
a) 50km531 miles
1. a) b) 40 miles564km,therefore
80 miles5128km
x 1 2 4 8 16 32
c) 100km/h562mph
y 32 16 8 4 2 1 d) 40mph564km/h
b)1.6 2.
2. a) 140
x 1 2 4 5 10
120
y 5 10 20 25 50
Temperature (F)
100
b)
x 1 2 4 5 10 80
y 20 10 5 4 2 60
c)
40
x 4 16 25 36 64
y 4 8 10 12 16 20
3. a) 0.8 b)0.8 0 10 20 30 40 50
4. a) 1.6 (1 d.p.) b)2 Temperature (C)
a) 25C 5 80F
b) 100F 5 35C
c) 0C 5 30F
d) 100F 535C, therefore 200F5 70C
Solutions
3. Approx. Exercise 17.2 page 176

120 True
1. a) 6m/s b) 4m/s c) 39km/h
d) 20km/h e) 160km/h f) 50km/h
100
Temperature (F)
2. a) 400m b) 182m c) 210km

80 d) 255km e) 10 km f) 79.2km
60 3. a) 5s b) 50s c) 4min
d) 1 min 11.4s
40 e) 5s
f) 4min
20
0 10 20 30 40 50 1.
60
Temperature (C)
50
i) a) 25C 5 77F b) 100F 5 38C
40
Distance (m)
c) 0C 5 32F
d) 100F 538C, therefore 200F5 76C
30
ii)The rough conversion is most useful at lower
20
temperatures (i.e. between 0 and 20C).
10
4. a) 10 Peak
8 0 2 4 6 8 10
Off Peak Time (s)
6
Cost ($)
2.
4 50
2 40
Distance (m)
0 2 4 6 8 30
Time (min)
20
b)8 min 5$6.80 c)8 min 5$9.60 10
d)Extra time 51min 20s
5. 0 2 4 6 8 10
Time (s)
120

100 a) 5 s b) 17.5m
3. a)Speed A=40m/s Speed B513 Qe m/s
Marks out of 120
80
b)Distance apart 5453 Qe m
60 4. a) We m/s b) 6m/s, We m/s c) 1m/s
d) Qw m e) 7 Qe m
40

1. a) 45km/h b) 20km/h
0 20 40 60 80 100 c)Paul has arrived at the restaurant and is
Percentage waiting for Helena.
a)80 567% b)110 592%
c)54 545% d)72 560%
Solutions

150 1. Acceleration is 0.375m/s2
Distance (km)
100 2. Acceleration is 0.2m/s2

3. Acceleration is 7m/s2
50
4. Acceleration is 1.75m/s2
0 1 2 3 5. Deceleration is 0.25m/s2
Time (h)
6. Deceleration is 1m/s2
3. 7.
30 50
Distance (km)
40
Speed (m/s)
20 30
20
10
10
0 1 2 3 0 2 4 6 8 10 12
Time (h) Time (s)
4. a)
8.
Distance from Fyodors
4 35
30
house (km)
3 Yin
Speed (m/s)
25
2 20
15
1 Fyodor
10
5
0 5 10 15 20 25 30
Time (min) 0 2 4 6 8 10 12
Time (s)
b) After 20 min c) Distance52 Qe km
5. a)
Distance from P (km)
150
1. a) 1.5m/s2 b) 0m/s2 c) 0.5m/s2
100 2. a) Cheetah b) 7.5m/s2 c) 5m/s2
d) 15m/s2
50
3. a) 0.5m/s2
0 b) 0.25m/s2
18 00 18 20 18 40 19 00 19 20 19 40 20 00 c) 0.104m/s2 (3s.f.)
Time d) Travelling at a constant speed of 30m/s
e) Stationary
b)Time18 57
c) Distance from Q79km
d) The 18 10 train from station Q arrives first.
6. a) a : 133 Qe km/h b:0km/h c:200km/h
b) d :100km/h e:200km/h
Solutions

1. a) 1. a)

10
2000
8
Speed (m/s)
6 1500
Rupees
4 1000
2
500
0 2 4 6 8 10
Time (s) 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80

Yuan
b) 0.5m/s2 c) 75m b) 50 yuan51250 rupees
2. a) c) 1600 rupees564 yuan
Time (s) 0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 2. a)
Speed (m/s) 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
80
b)
60
Rand
40
6
Speed (m/s)
5 20
4
3 0 2 4 6 8 10
2 km
1 i) 5 km: 50 rand ii) 8.5 km: 71 rand
b)80 rand: 10 km
0 0.5 1 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0
Time (s) 3. a)
c)9 m
3. a) 1.5m/s2 b) 2400m c) 40s 40 B
A
4. a) 390m b) 240m 30
Cost ($)
5. 21.45km
20
6. 720m
10
7. a) 0.37m/s2 b) 2.16m/s2 c) 208m
d) 204m e) 4m
0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400
Units
b)If the customer uses under 200 units/

quarter then he or she should use account
type B.
Solutions
4. a) 2. a)
200 500
Distance (km)
150 400
Cost (DM)
100 300
50 200
100
0 1 2 3
Time (h)
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
b)180 km
Time (h)
5. a)
b) $295 c) $408 d) 3 Qw h
Distance from M (km)
200
3. a)
150
4
100
Distance (km)
3
50
2
0 1 2 3 1
Time (h)
0 5 10 15 20 25
b) Distance from M77km Time (min)
c)Time1h 13min after start
b)25 min
Student assessment 2 page 185 4. a) B, C
1. b)B because it illustrates going back in time,
K
C because it illustrates infinite speed
250
200
1. a) 2m/s2 b) 225m c) 10.6s (3s.f.)
150 2. a) 4m/s 2
b) 3m/s 2
c) 102m d) 9.83s
100
50
250 200 150 100 50 0 50

C

a) 240C5233K
b) 100K52173C
Solutions
3. a)
18 raphs of
G
120
100
functions
Speed (km/h)

60
40
1.
x 24 23 22 21 0 1 2 3
20
y 10 4 0 22 22 0 4 10
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14
Time (s) y
b) 189m (3s.f.) 14
12
4. a) 1m/s2
10
b) 750m
c) 1237.5m 8
6
2
1. a) 2.5m/s2
b) 180m 5 4 3 2 1 0 1 2 3 4 x
c) 3.5s (1d.p.) 2
4
2. a) 0.278m/s2 (3s.f.)
b) 93.8m (3s.f.) 6
c) 97.2m (3s.f.) 2.
x 23 22 21 0 1 2 3 4 5
3. a)
160 y 212 25 0 3 4 3 0 25 212
140
120 y
6
Speed (km/h)
100
4
80
2
60
40 4 3 2 1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 x
2
20 4
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 6
Time (s) 8
10
b) 162.5m
12

4. a) 3.33m/s2 (3s.f.) 14
b) 240m
c) 212.5m 3.
x 21 0 1 2 3 4 5
y 9 4 1 0 1 4 9
Solutions
y 6.
x 22 21 0 1 2 3
10
9 y 9 1 23 23 1 9
8 y
7 10
6 8
5
6
4
4
3
2
2
1 3 2 1 0 1 2 3 4 x
2
2 1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 x 4
6
4.
x 24 23 22 21 0 1 2 7.
x 23 22 21 0 1 2 3
y 29 24 21 0 21 24 29
y 215 24 3 6 5 0 29
y y
2 9
6
5 4 3 2 1 0 1 2 3 x
2 3
4
4 3 2 1 0 1 2 3 4 x
6 3
8 6
10 9
12 12
14 15
5. 18
8.
x 24 23 22 21 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 x 22 21 0 1 2 3
y 12 0 26 26 0 12
y 9 0 27 212 215 216 215 212 27 0 9
y
y 14
12 12
9 10
6 8
3 6
4
5 4 3 2 1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 x
3 2
6
3 2 1 0 1 2 3 4 x
9 2
12 4
15 6
18 8
Solutions
9. x 21 0 1 2 3 Exercise 18.3 page 192

y 7 24 27 22 11 1. 21.6 and 2.6
2. No solution
y
12
3. 2 and 4
10
4. 23.5 and 2.5
8 5. 0.3 and 3.7
6 6. 0 and 3.5
4 7. 20.2 and 2.2
2 8. 2 Qe and 2
2 1 1 2 3 4 x Exercise 18.4 page 193

2
1. y
4
6
2
8
10. 1
x 22 21 0 1 2 3
y 225 29 21 21 29 225
O
4 3 2 1 1 2 3 4 x
y
1
2 1 0 1 2 3 x
2
4 2
6

8 2. y
10
12 4
14 3
16 2
18 1
20 O
4 3 2 1 1 2 3 4 x
22 1
24 2
3
26
4
1. 22 and 3
2. 21 and 1
3. 3
4. 24 and 3
5. 2
6. 0.5 and 3
7. 1
8. 2 Qe and 2
Solutions
3. y 2. i)
x 23 22 21 0 1 2 3
2 f(x) 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5 5 5.5
ii) y
1
6
O
4 3 2 1 1 2 3 4 x 5
4
1
3
2
2
1

O
3 2 1 1 2 3 x
1
2
Exercise 18.5 page 194 3
1. i)
x 23 22 21 0 1 2 3

f(x) 27 24 21 2 5 8 11 3. i)
x 24 23 22 21 0 1 2
y
f(x) 5 3 1 21 23 25 27
ii)
12
10 ii) y
6
8
5
6
4
4
3
2
2
O
3 2 1 1 2 3 x 1
2
O
4 4 3 2 1 1 2 x
1
6
2
8
3
4
5
6
7

Solutions
4. i) 6. i)
x 23 22 21 0 1 2 3 x 22 21 0 1 2

f(x) 17 7 1 21 1 7 17 f(x) 17 6 1 2 9
ii) y ii) y
18
16 18
14 16
12 14
10 12
8 10
6 8
4 6
2 4
O 2
3 2 1 1 2 3 x
2 O
3 2 1 1 2 3 x

5. i)
7. i) x 22 21 0 1 2
x
25 24 23 22 21 0 1 2 3
f(x) 216 22 0 2 16
f(x) 5.5 2 20.5 22 22.5 22 20.5 2 5.5
ii) y
ii) y
6
20
5
16
4
12
3
8
2
4
1
O
O 2 1 1 2 x
5 4 3 2 1 2 3 x 4
1
8
2
12
3
16

Solutions
8. i) 10. i)
x 23 22 21 0 1 2 3 x 23 22 21 0 1 2 3
f(x) 24.5 3 4.5 3 1.5 3 10.5 f(x) 0.22 0.5 2 2 0.5 0.22
ii) y
ii) y
12
2
10
8
6
4
1
2
O
3 2 1 1 2 3 x
2
4
O
3 2 1 1 2 3 x
9. i)
x 23 22 21 0 1 2 3

f(x) 21 21.5 23 3 1.5 1
11. i)
x 23 22 21 0 1 2 3
ii) y
f(x) 28.88 25.75 22 4 6.25 9.11
5
4 ii) y
3
2 10
1 8
O 6
3 2 1 1 2 3 x
1 4
2 2
3 O
3 2 1 1 2 3 x
4 2
4

6
8
Solutions
Exercise 18.6 page 195 3. i)

x 23 22 21 0 1 2 3
1. i) f(x) 3.125 3.25 3.5 4 5 7 11
x 23 22 21 0 1 2 3
f(x) 0.04 0.11 0.33 1 3 9 27 ii) y
ii) y 12
10
27
8
24
6
21
4
18
2
15
12 3 2 1 0 1 2 3 x
2
9
6
3

3 2 1 0 1 2 3 x 4. i)
x 23 22 21 0 1 2 3
2. i) f(x) 22.875 21.75 20.5 1 3 6 11
x 23 22 21 0 1 2 3
f(x) 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 ii)
y
12
ii) y
10
2 8
6
4
2
1 4 3 2 1 0 1 2 3 4 x
2
4

3 2 1 0 1 2 3 x
Solutions
5. i)
x 23 22 21 0 1 2 3 Exercise 18.7 page 197
f(x) 3.125 2.25 1.5 1 1 2 5 1. i) y ii)2
16
ii) y 14
12
5 10
8
4 6
4
3 2
O
4 3 2 1 1 2 3 4 x
2 2
1
2. i) y ii)
22
8
4 3 2 1 0 1 2 3 4 x
7
6
6. i) 5
x 23 22 21 0 1 2 3
f(x) 28.96 23.89 20.67 4

1 2 5 18
3
ii) y 2
21 1
18 O
4 3 2 1 1 2 3 4 x
15 1
12
9
6 y
3. i) ii)3
3 30
24
4 3 2 1 0 1 2 3 4 x
3 18
6 12
9 6
12 O
3 2 1 1 2 3 x
6
12
18
24
30

Solutions
4. i) y ii)24 Exercise 18.8 page 198

20
10 1. a) b) x5 2.8
O y
4 3 2 1 1 2 3 4 x
10 9
20 8
30 7
40 6
50 5
60 4
70 3
80 2
90 1
100 O
4 3 2 1 1 2 3 4 x
110 1
120

2. a) b) x51.7
y
5. i) y ii) 24
5
40
4
32
3
24
2
16
1
8
O
4 3 2 1 1 2 3 4 x O
1 3 2 1 1 2 3 x
8
2
16
3
24
4
32
5

3. a) b) x51.5
6. i) y ii) 0.7 y
20
8 16
7 12
6 8
5
4
4
O
3 2 1 1 2 3 x
3
4
2
8
1
12
O
3 2 1 1 2 3 x 16
20

Solutions
4. a) b) x520.4, 0.5, 2.4 9. a) 101

y b) 1120
c) P
6 4500
5 4000
4 3500
3 3000
2 2500
1 2000
O 1500
4 3 2 1 1 2 3 4 x
1 1000
2 500
3
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 t
4
d) Approx. 4.5 hours
5
6 10. a)
t 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

P 1000 500 250 125 63 31 16 8 4 2 1
5. a) b) x520.7, 3
b)
P
y
1100
27 1000
24 900
21 800
18 700
15 600
12 500
9 400
6 300
3 200
O 100

2 1 1 2 3 4 5 x
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 t
6. a) 7cm b) 0cm c) 5hours
e) Approx.5 Qw hours c) Approx. 90 insects
7. a) Approx.2.5 b) 2 Qw
8. a) Approx.4.3 b) Approx.3.3
c) Approx.2.3
Solutions
Student assessment 1 page 200 b) y

10
1. a) b)
8
6
4
2
O
5 4 3 2 1 1 2 3 x
2
4
6
2. a) 8
10
x 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 0 1 2

y 8 3 0 21 0 3 8 15 24 35
4. a)
y
b) y 8
36 7
32 6
28 5
24 4
20 3
16 2
12 1
8 O
7 6 5 4 3 2 1 1 2 x
4 1
O
7 6 5 4 3 2 1 1 2 x 2
4
b) x527 and 22
3. a) y 5. a) y
2
O
3 2 1 1 2 3 x 1
2
4
6
8 O
10 4 3 2 1 1 2 3 4 x
12
14
16
1
18

b) x50.4 and 2.6
Solutions
y
Student assessment 2 page 201 b)
1
1. O
5 4 3 2 1 1 x
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
2. a) 9

x 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 0 1 2
4. a) y
y 212 26 22 0 0 22 26 212 220 230
b) y 15
4 12
O 9
7 6 5 4 3 2 1 1 2 x
4 6
8 3
12 O
6 5 4 3 2 1 1 2 3 4 x
16 3
20 6
24 9
28 12
32 15
36

3. a) y b)i) x523.7 and 2.7 ii) x521.8 and 2.8

10
5. a) y
8
6
2
4
2
1
O
3 2 1 1 2 3 4 5 6 x
2
O
4 3 2 1 1 2 3 4 x
4
6
1
8
10
2
12
14

b) x522 and 1
Solutions
Student assessment 3 page 201 3. a) b)i)5.5ii)22.5

y
1. a)i)Linearii)Quadratic 12
b)Students own answer
10
2. a)i) 8
x 25 24 23 22 21 0 1 2
6

f(x) 10 4 0 22 22 0 4 10
4
ii) y 2
12 O
4 3 2 1 1 2 3 4 x
10 2
8 4
6 6
4 8
2 10
O
5 4 3 2 1 1 2 x 12
2
4 4. a) y

b)i) 21
x 23 22 21 0 1 2 3
18
f(x) 29.3 26.5 24 4 6.5 9.3 15
12
ii) y
10 9
8 6
6 3
4 O
2 1 1 2 3 4 5 x
2 3
O 6
3 2 1 1 2 3 x
2 9
4
6
8 b) x520.8 and 3.3 c) x521.6 and 3.1
10

1. a)i)Reciprocalii)Exponential
b)Students own answer
2. a)i)
x 23 22 21 0 1 2 3

f(x) 22.9 21.8 20.5 1 3 6 11
Solutions
ii) y b)i)0ii)4
4. a)
12
10 x 23 22 21 20.5 20.25 0 0.25 0.5 1 2 3
8 y 24.9 24.8 24 21 11 11 21 24 24.8 24.9
6
4 b) y
2
O 12
3 2 1 1 2 3 x
2 10
4 8
6
4

2
b) i)
x 23 22 21 0 1 2 3
O
3 2 1 1 2 3 x
f(x) 29.0 23.9 20.7 1 2 5 18 2
ii) y
4
6
18
15 c) x5 0.4 d) x5 0.4 and 2.6
12
9
6
19 Functions
O
3 2 1 1 2 3 x 1. a)6 b)10 c)3 d)5
3 e)2 f) 22 g) 210 h)1
6
2. a)10 b)22 c)8 d) 24
9 e) 25 f) 218 g) 223 h) 26

3. a) 3. a)2 b) 228 c) 220.5 d) 214
y
e)1.5 f)12 g)34.5 h)13.5
30 4. a) 219 b) 226.5 c) 27 d) 28.2
25 e)20 f)8 g) 21 h)3.5
20
10 1. a)2 b)6.5 c)2.375 d)0.5
5 e)0.125 f) 24 g) 22.5 h) 20.7
O 2. a)4 b)9 c) 21 d) 26
5 4 3 2 1 1 2 3 x
5 e) 23.5 f) 216 g) 2 Re h) 2 Uy
10 3. a)0.5 b)2 c) 24 d) 20.25
15 e)5 f)2.75 g)35 h)4.25
20 4. a)4 b)1.5 c)2.75 d)0.25
e) 23.5 f)0.5 g)0.375 h)0.875
Solutions

1. a)19 b)52 c)4 d)3 1. a)6 b)4 c) 21
e)4 f)3.25 g)12 h)5 2. a)2 b) 20.5 c) 26
2. a)70 b)187 c) 22 d) 25 3. a)3 b)1.5 c)2
e)7 f )4 g) 24.25 h) 24 We
4. a)4 b) 22 c) 211
3. a) 214 b)3.5 c)4 d) 20.5
5. a)4.5 b)6 c)0
e) 228 f)2 g) 26 h) 268
6. a)8 b) 22 c)0.5
4. a) 25 b)32.5 c)0
d) 26.875 e) 27.5 f)15
g) 26.25 h)8.125
1. a) x12 b) x13 c) 2x d) x
5. a)0 b) 24 c) 0
d)10.5 e) 213.5 f) 2SyG 2. a) 2x18 b) 6x11 c) 8x12
g) 297.5 h) 21.9 (3s.f.) d) 2x12
6. a)9 b)0 c) 25 2x 2 1 3x 2 5 x17
3. a) b) c)
d)Infinite e)0 f)11.2 2 2 3
g) 2AyA h)9 8x 2 13
d)
20
Exercise 19.4 page 205 4. a) 1 b) 8 c) 39 d) 22
1. a) 2x13 b) 4x25 c) 2x211 5. a) 50 b) 22.9 c) 10 d) 21.6
x
d) x11 e) }}13
2
f) x11 Student assessment 1 page 208
3x2 1. a) 9 b) 21 c) 216
2. a) 12x224 b) }}24 c) 6x24
16 2. a) 5 b) 21 c) 25.5
d) 27x 2
e) 3x 26x21
2
3. a) 26 b) 0 c) 15
f ) 12x2124x18 2x 1 18
4. a) 2x14 b)
3. a) 4x213x12 b) 16x216x 3
c) 4x2119x d) 4x225x 5. a) 5 b) 2
2x 1 3x 2 4
2 6. 24x114
e) f) 36x2157x120
2
Exercise 19.5 page 206 1. a)13 b) 22 c)1
1. a) x23 b) x26 c) x15 2. a) 22 b)1 c) 21
x 3. a) 22 b)0 c)18
d) x e) }} f) 3x
2 x29
x 4. a) b)4x12
x25 x16 23
2. a) }} b) c)
4 2 3 5. a)1 b)2
4x 1 2 5x 2 7
d) 2x24 e) f) 6. 32x26
3 8
x 1 24
3. a) 2(x23) b) 4(x12) c)
12
x 2 18 x14 3x 1 10
d) e) f)
6 6 8
Solutions
Topic 2 Mathematical Modelling: Stretching

investigations and ICT a spring page 210
House of cards page 209 1.
40
1. 155
2. 8475 30
Extension (cm)
3. The formula can be proved using the method
of differences (see Chapter 15) as follows: 20
Height of house 1 2 3 4 5
10
Number of cards 2 7 15 26 40
1st difference 5 8 11 14
0
2nd difference 3 3 3 100 200 300 400 500
Mass (g)
Comparing with the algebraic table below: 2. Linear
Position 1 2 3 4 5 3.
40
16a + 4b + c
25a + 5b + c
4a + 2b + c
9a + 3b + c
a+b+c
Term 30
Extension (cm)
1st difference 20
3a + b
5a + b
7a + b
9a + b
10
2nd difference 2a 2a 2a
It can be deduced that:

0
3 100 200 300 400 500
2a = 3 therefore a = 2 Mass (g)
1
3a + b = 5 therefore b = 2 4. y 0.06x
a+b+c=2 therefore c = 0.
5. 16.5cm
This produces the rule c = 23 n2 + 12 n which factorises
6. The spring is likely to snap (or exceed its
to c = 12 n(3n + 1).
elastic limit).
Chequered boards page 209
1. Students own diagrams and results, presented
in a logical table.
2. Where either m or n is even, the number of
mn
black and white squares is given by .
2
Where both m and n are odd, the number of
black and white squares differ by one. The
mn 1
number of black squares is and the
2
mn + 1
number of white squares is , assuming
2
that the bottom right-hand corner is white.
Solutions
ICT activity 1 page 211 20 Geometrical

y
1.
vocabulary
4
3
1. a) and f) hypotenuse right-angle
b) and c) ASA
2 d) and e) SAS
g) and h) SSS
1
O
2 4 x 1.
Parallelogram
Equilateral
Rectangle
Rhombus
2. y
triangle
Square
Kite
4
2 Opposite sides Yes Yes Yes No Yes n/a

equal in length
All sides equal in No Yes No No Yes Yes

O length
2 2 4 x
All angles right Yes Yes No No No No
3. y angles
4 Both pairs of Yes Yes Yes No Yes n/a
opposite sides
3
parallel
2 Diagonals equal in Yes Yes No No No n/a
1 length
Diagonals intersect No Yes No Yes Yes n/a

O
4 2 2 4 x at right angles

All angles equal Yes Yes No No No Yes
ICT activity 2 page 211
1. x 2.7
2. x 2.6 Students own diagrams
3. x 2.1
4. x 0.6
Solutions
Student assessment 1 page 220 3. a) Students own construction

b)
1. a)Acute b)Obtuse c)Reflex
d) Rightangle
2. Students own diagram
3. a) Obtuse scalene triangle
b) Right-angled scalene A 36 m B

5. All sides equal in length
Both pairs of opposite sides are parallel
20 m
Diagonals intersect at right angles
21 Geometrical D C
constructions and
scale drawings
Exercise 21.1 page 222 c) Approx.23m
1. Students own construction 4. a) Students own construction
2. Students own construction b) Approx.24m2
3. Students own construction 5. a) Students own construction
b) Approx.12km
4. a) Students own construction attempt
b) It is not possible as AC1BC<AB 6. a) Students own construction
Exercise 21.2 page 223 b)

50 m
Y
X
1. Students own construction
2. Students own construction m
40
m
20

1. Students own construction W 30 m
Z
Exercise 21.4 page 228 c) Approx.16m

1. a) 300m b) 250m c) 300m Student assessment 1 page 229
d) 416m
2. a) 10cm b) 8cm c) 6cm d) 6.8cm
3. a) Students own construction
b) Approx.53m2
Solutions

1. Students own construction 1. a) i)8mii) 4.8m b)22wm
c)252 wcm2
2. a) 22cm b) 24.4cm
2. a) 220cm2 b) 1375cm2 c) 200cm3
3. a) Students own construction
d) 3125cm3
b) Approx.23cm2
3. a) 54cm2 b)3 c) 729cm3
22 Similarity 4. a) 1:n2 b) 1:n3
5. 112cm3
Exercise 22.1 page 231 6. 0.64 litres
1. a) Interior angles are the same, i.e.60, 30
and 90. Exercise 22.4 page 236
b) Ti 1. 20cm
c) x56.25cm y53.75cm
2. a) 1:8 b) 1:7
2. A, C and F are similar. B and D are similar.
3. 16cm 3
3. a) 6cm b) 9cm
4. a) Not similar. Students own reasons
4. p54.8cm q54.5cm r57.5cm b) 1:3
5. e510cm f52 We cm 5. a) 16cm2 b) 64cm2 c) 144cm2
6. a) 10cm2 b)1.6 c) 25.6cm2 6. a) 30km2 b) 6cm2
7. a) 10cm b)2.5 c) 150cm2 7. a) 10cm320cm330cm b) 100g
8. a)33 Qe cm 2
b)6 We cm
9. 9.6cm
1. A and C
10. No, as the corresponding angles may not be
H 2
the same. 2. 1 2
1: }}
h
11. No, as, despite the corresponding angles being
the same, the slanting side lengths may not be 3. a) Yes. Students own explanation
in the same ratio as the horizontal sides. b) 5cm c) 8cm d) 6cm
4. 15m
5. a)
1. 50cm2
2. 10cm2 3.6 cm
6 cm
3. a)i) 456cm2 (3s.f.) ii) 90cm2iii)40cm2
b)Triangle I 10.8 cm
4. 43.56cm2 b) 233.28cm3 c) 250.56cm2
5. 56.25cm2 6. a) 12.8cm3 b) 880cm2 c) 35.2cm2
6. 18.1cm2 (3s.f.) 7. 1250cm2

8. 27000cm3
Solutions
Student assessment 2 page 239 Student assessment 1 page 243

1. a) 5 b) x54.5 y57.5 1. a)b)c)
Students own diagrams
H 2
H 3
2. 1 2
a) 1: }}
h 1 2
b) 1: }}
h
2. a)b) Students own diagrams
3. Proof
34w1w 4. 50
w1wcm y5}cm z56.4cm
3. x54
5 5. 11.8 mm (3 s.f.)
4. 156cm2 (3s.f.)
5. a) 1000cm3 b) 600cm2
1. a)b)c) Students own diagrams
6. 18.75cm3
2. a)b)c) Students own diagrams
7. a) 4m by 3m b) 12m2
3. Proof
8. 3200cm3
4. a)24 b) 9.14 cm (3 s.f.)
23 Symmetry 5. 88.0 cm (3 s.f.)
Exercise 23.1 page 241 24 Angle properties

1. a) i) Students planes ii) 3 Exercise 24.1 page 247
b) i) Students planes ii) 2
c) i) Students planes ii) 4 1. p554 q563
d) i) Students planes ii) 4 2. a555 b580 c5100
e) i) Students planes ii) Infinite
f) i) Students planes ii) Infinite 3. v5120 w560 x5120 y560
g) i) Students planes ii) Infinite z560
h) i) Students planes ii) 9 4. a550 b5130 c545 d5135
2. a)2 b)2 c)3 5. p545 q5135 r545 s545
d)4 e)Infinite f)Infinite t5135
g)Infinite h)4
6. d570 e530
Exercise 23.2 page 242 7. a537
1. a) Isosceles b) Perpendicular bisector 8. a536
c) 50 d) 50
e) 3.58 cm (3 s.f.) f) 9.33 cm (3 s.f.) Exercise 24.2 page 248
2. a)True b) True c) False d) True 1. a)70 b)55 c)60 d)73
3. a)False b) True e)45 f)110
2. a) a530 b545
Exercise 23.3 page 243 b) x550 y580 z570
1. a)70 b) 72 c) 21 c) p5130 q515 r560
d) d535 e555 f555
2. a) 10.9 cm (3 s.f.) e) a527.5 b527.5 c555
b) 9.33 cm (3 s.f.) d527.5 e597.5
c) 3.48 cm (3 s.f.) f) p545 q545 r567.5
s5112.5
Solutions

1. a5115 1. 55
2. x540 y5140 z5140 2. 80
3. m575 n575 3. 90
4. s565 t5115 u5115 4. 100

5. 80
5. h5120 i560 j5120 k560
6. 20
6. a580 b520 c520 d520
e5140 7. x554, y518
8. x550, y525
7. p540 q5130 r550
8. p575 q530 r550 s580 Exercise 24.9 page 258
t570 u570 v540
1. a572
Exercise 24.4 page 253 2. b533, c566
1. a)720 b)1260 c)900 3. d548, e532
2. a)135 b)90 c)144 d)150 4. f530, g5120, h5120, i530, j530
3. a)72 b)30 c) 51.4 (1d.p.) 5. k555, l555, m555, n555

6. p565, q540
4. a)18 b)10 c)36 d)8
e)20 f )120
5. a)5 b)12 c)20 d)15
e)40 f )360 1. a580, b565
2. c5110, d598, e570
6. 12
3. f5115, g575
Exercise 24.5 page 254 4. i598, j590, k590
1. 60 2. 135 5. l595, m555, n585, p595, q555
3. 20 4. 32 6. r570, s5120, t560, u5110
5. 110 6. 22.5 Student assessment 1 page 259
Exercise 24.6 page 255 1. a) p5135 q5135 r545
b) a5120 b560 c560 d560
1. 35 2. 60
2. a) m550 n590 p540 q5140
3. 40 4. 45 b) w555 x570 y555 z555
5. 24 6. 26 c)a570 b5110 c5110 d570
e530
7. 13cm 8. 8cm
3. 162
9. 17.7cm (1d.p.)
4. 1260
Exercise 24.7 page 256 5. 360
1. a) x554 b) 54, 108, 162, 54, 162 6. 72
2. 125, 145 7. a) 90
b) 6.5cm
3. 64
8. 58
4. a5135, b5125, c5130, d5110, e585
Solutions
9. 30 c)iii) /TPS5/TQS5/TRS
10. 25 /PTR5/PSR/PTQ5/PSQ
/QTR5/QSR
11. 152 d)ii) /OAX,/OCY
iii) /DCB5/BAD/CDA5/CBA
2. 36
1. a) p5130 q5130 r550
b) a550 b550 c550 d550 3. /ABC550 /OAB525 /CAO540
2. a) m550 n570 p570 q550 4. /BCD5405/BAD

b) w585 x550 y550 z545 /ABC5655/ADC
c) a5130 b525 c525 d550 5. 28 and 56 respectively
d)a540 b5100 c540 d570
e570 6. 67.5
3. 165
4. 1800
25 Loci
5. 30
6. a) 90
b) 13cm 1. 8m
7. 28 1m
8. 125
9. 45 6m
1m
1m
10. 42
11. 38
1m

Student assessment 3 page 262 2. 8m
1. a)ii) /OBA/OBC
b)i) /DAB1/DCB/ADC1/CBA 2m
c)iii) /DAC5/DBC/ADB5/ACB
d)ii) /CABiii) /ACB5/ABC 6m
2. a)42 b) 21
3. /DAB5117 /ABC592
4. /BDC525 /DAB5115
5. /OQR515 /ORQ5/OPQ590 3. 8m
/RPQ5/PRQ575
/OPR5/ORP515 /ROP5150
6. 35, 54, 91 respectively
3m 6m
7. 95, 85, 85, 92 respectively

1. a)i) /DAB1/DCB/CDA1/CBA
b)i) /AOC1/CBA/OCB1/OAB
ii) /OAB,/OCB
iii)/ABO5/CBO/AOB5/COB
Solutions
4. 8m 8. C is on the
circumference of
a circle with AB
as its diameter.
6m
A B
3m

5. a)b)c)d)
10.
a P c Q b
L1 L2
G
6. L3
Y Exercise 25.2 page 267

SHIP IN 1. a) b)
THIS AREA Ayshe P Ayshe P
Sea
Ayshe P Ayshe P
X
Land Q Q
Q Q
Belinda Belinda
7. a)Students own diagrams. L, M and N will Belinda Belinda
all lie on the circumference of a circle,
the centre of the circle being the point c) d)
equidistant from L, M and N.
b)There would be no point equidistant from
Ayshe P Ayshe P
all three (except in the infinite!).
Ayshe P Ayshe P
Q Q
Q Q
Belinda Belinda
Belinda Belinda
Solutions
2. 4.
Compound 45
Building S 5.
X Y
3.
R Student assessment 1 page 269

1. P
Building


S
1.
2. a) b)
O O
1m
2.
1m 1m
O
2m
1m
3.
O

3. 8m
5m
2m

4. Ships path is perpendicular bisector of AB.
Solutions
5. 2. 20 m
Scale 1 cm = 2 m
7m 12 m
5m
3.

6. P R Q P
4.
O
R Q P R Q

5.
1. J A B A D A B
D C B A D C
K
Topic 3 Mathematical
investigations and ICT
Fountain borders page 271
L 1. Students results
None of the friends can see each other, as 2. T = 2(m + n + 2)
shown above.
3. There are many ways to prove the algebraic
rule, for example:
Solutions
The original pool considered: ICT activity 1 page 272

2. The ratios are the same.
3. a)The ratios remain the same.
b)Ratios are still equal to each other (but
probably of a different value from Q.1
(d)).
4. The ratios change as ED no longer parallel to
AB.

has the same number of tiles as a rectangular
Students own demonstrations
pool of dimensions 11 6 units:
26 Measures
1. a)100 b)1000 c)Qq p p p d)Qq p p p
e)Millilitre
2. a) m,cm b)cm c)g d)ml
e) cm,m f)tonne g)litres h)km
i)tonne j)litres
In the diagram below it can be seen that the Exercise 26.2 page 277
number of tiles along the length and width of
1. a)mm b)m c)mm d)m e)m
the pool is twice the length and width. This
leaves the four tiles needed for the corners. 2. a)85 b)230 c)830 d)50 e)4
3. a)5.6 b)6400 c)0.96 d)4
e)0.012
4. a)1.15 b)250 c )0.5 d)0.07
e)0.008
6 units
1. a)3800 b)28.5 c)4280 d)0.32
e)500
11 units Exercise 26.4 page 278

Hence T = 2m + 2n + 4 which factorises
to T = 2(m + n + 2). 1. a) 4500ml b) 1530ml c) 7050ml
d) 1000ml
2. a) 1.2litres b) 1.34litres c) 1.4litres
Tiled walls page 272 d) 1.4litres
1. Students diagrams
2. Students ordered table of results
3. c = (l 1)(w 1) 1. a) 100000cm2 b) 2000000mm2
c) 5000000m2 d) 3200000m2
4. t = 2(l 1) + 2(w 1)
e) 830mm2
Solutions
2. a) 0.05m2 b) 150cm2 Exercise 27.3 page 285

c) 0.001km2 d) 0.04m2
e) 0.00025km2 1. 4
3. a) 2500000cm 3
b) 3400mm 3 2. 3
c) 2000000000 m3 d) 200000cm3 3. 23.5m2
e) 30000000mm3
4. a) 16m2, 24m2 b) 100m2 c) 15
4. a) 0.15m 3
b) 24cm 3
c) 0.00085km3 d) 0.3cm3 Exercise 27.4 page 287

e) 0.000015m3
1. a) 25.1cm b) 22.0cm c) 28.9cm
d) 1.57m
2. a) 50.3cm2 b) 38.5cm2 c) 66.5cm2
1. a)26 b)88 c)6.8 d)875 d) 0.196m2
2. a)4200 b)3.94 c)4100 d)720 3. a) 2.39cm (3s.f.) b) 0.5cm
3. a)1.8 b)3200 c)83 d)250 c) 0.637m (3s.f.) d) 1.27mm (3s.f.)
4. a) 5600mm2 4. a) 4.51cm (3s.f.) b) 6cm

b) 2050000cm3 c) 3.23m (3s.f.) d) 4.31mm (3s.f.)
5. a) 0.00867m3 Exercise 27.5 page 287

b) 0.444km3
1. a) 1.57m (2d.p.) b) 637 times (3s.f.)
Student assessment 2 page 280 2. 188m (3s.f.)
1. a)310 b)6400 c)4 d)46 3. 264mm2 (3s.f.)
2. a)0.0036 b)0.55 c)6.5 d)1.51 4. a) 144cm2 b) 28.3cm2 (3s.f.)
c) 30.9cm2 (3s.f.)
3. a)3.4 b)6700 c)730 d)300
5. a) 57.1m (3s.f.) b) 178.3m2 (3s.f.)
4. a) 30000mm 2
b) 5000m 2
5. a) 0.1004m3 b) 0.000005005km3 Exercise 27.6 page 289

1. a) 460cm2 b) 208cm2 c) 147.78cm2
27Perimeter, area d) 33.52cm2
2. a) 2cm b) 4cm c) 6cm d) 5cm
and volume 3. a) 101cm (3s.f.)
2
b) 276 cm (3s.f.)
2
c) 279cm2 (3s.f.) d) 25.6cm2 (3s.f.)

Exercise 27.1 page 282 4. a) 1.2cm b) 0.5cm c) 1.7cm
1. a) 6cm2 b) 32.5cm2 c) 20cm2 d) 7.0cm
d) 60cm2 e) 108cm2 f) 55cm2
2. a) 64cm2 b) 1168mm2 c) 300cm2
d) 937.5mm 2
1. a) 24cm2 b) 2cm
2. a) 216cm 2
b) 15.2cm (3s.f.)
3. a) 94.2cm (3s.f.) b) 14cm
2
1. 58.5cm2
4. 4.4cm
2. 84cm2
3. 118.7cm2 Exercise 27.8 page 290
4. 157.5cm2 1. a) 24cm3 b) 18cm3 c) 27.6cm3
d) 8.82cm3
Solutions
2. a) 452cm3 (3s.f.) b) 277cm3 (3s.f.) c) 34.9cm2 (3s.f.)

c) 196cm3 (3s.f.) d) 0.481cm3 (3s.f.) d) Length517.1cm (3 s.f.)
Width 510.6cm (3s.f.)
3. a) 108cm3 b) 140cm3 c) 42cm3
e) 41.7cm2 (3s.f.)
d) 6.2cm3
5. a) 20 b) 0.64cm (2s.f.)
4. a) 70cm3 b) 96cm3 c) 380cm3
c) Length513.7cm (3 s.f.)
d) 137.5cm3
Width 511.3cm (3s.f.)
d) 5.43cm2 (3s.f.)
1. a) 16cm b) 4096cm3 c) 3217cm3 Exercise 27.14 page 296
d) 21.5% (3s.f.)
1. a) 905cm3 (3s.f.) b) 3590cm3 (3s.f.)
2. a) 42cm 2
b) 840cm3
c) 2310cm3 (3s.f.) d) 1.44cm3 (3s.f.)
3. 6.3cm 2. a) 3.1cm b) 5.6cm
c) 36.3cm d) 0.6cm
4. 2.90m (3s.f.)
3

1. 6.3cm
1. a) 6.28cm b) 2.09cm c) 11.5cm
d) 23.6cm 2. 86.7cm3 (3s.f.)
2. a) 32.7 (1d.p.) b) 229.2 (1d.p.) 3. 11.9cm (1d.p.)
c) 57.3 (1d.p.) d) 114.6 (1d.p.)
4. a) 4190cm3 (3s.f.) b) 8000cm3 c) 48%
3. a) 12.2cm (3s.f.) b) 4.58cm (3s.f.)
5. 10.0cm
c) 18.6cm (3s.f.) d) 4.01cm (3s.f.)
6. A
54.1cm, B53.6cm, C53.1cm
Exercise 27.11 page 293 7. 3:2
1. a) 48.8cm (3s.f.) b) 105cm (3s.f.)
2. a) 3.67cm (3s.f.) b) 49.7cm (3s.f.)
c) 68.8 (1d.p.) 1. a) 452cm2 (3s.f.) b) 254cm2 (3s.f.)
3. a) 12cm b) 54cm c) 47.7 (1d.p.) c) 1890cm2 (3s.f.) d) 4cm2
2. a) 1.99cm (3s.f.) b) 1.15cm (3s.f.)
Exercise 27.12 page 294 c) 3.09mm (3s.f.) d) 0.5cm
1. a) 33.5cm2 (3s.f.) b) 205cm2 (3s.f.) 3. 1:4
c) 5.65cm2 (3s.f.) d) 44.7cm2 (3s.f.)
4. a) 157cm2 (3s.f.) b) 15cm
2. a) 18.5cm (3s.f.) b) 20.0cm (3s.f.) c) 707cm2 (3s.f.)
c) 1.75cm (3s.f.) d) 12.4cm (3s.f.)
5. a) 804.2cm2 b) 5.9cm (1d.p.)
3. a) 48 b) 34
c) 20 d) 127
Exercise 27.13 page 295 1. 40cm3
1. 79.2m2 (3s.f.) 2. 133cm3 (3s.f.)
2. a) 118cm2 (3s.f.) b) 39.3cm2 (3s.f.) 3. 64cm3
c) 8.66cm (3s.f.)
4. 70cm3
3. a) 4.19cm (3s.f.) b) 114cm2 (3s.f.)
c) 62.8cm3 (3s.f.)
4. a) 9.40cm (3s.f.) b) 0.60cm (2s.f.)
Solutions

1. 7cm 1. a) 415cm2 (3s.f.) b) 1650cm2 (3s.f.)
2. 5cm 2. 1130cm2 (3s.f.)
3. a) 8cm b) 384cm3 c) 378cm3
4. a) 3.6cm b) 21.7cm (3s.f.)
3
c) 88.7cm3 (3s.f.) 1. 90cm2
Exercise 27.19 page 300 2. a)Circumference534.6cm

Area 595.0cm2
1. 6.93cm2 (3s.f.) b)Circumference550.3mm
2. 189cm2 (3s.f.) Area 5201mm2
3. 73.3cm2 (3s.f.) 3. 9.86cm2
4. 1120cm2 (3s.f.) 4. a) 39.3cm2 b) 34cm2 c) 101.3cm2
5. a) 693cm2 (3s.f.) b) 137cm2 (3s.f.) 5. a) 10.2cm2 b) 283cm2 c) 633cm2
c) 23.6cm (3s.f.) 6. a) 339mm 3
b) 9.82cm 3

1. a) 56.5cm3 (3s.f.) b) 264cm3 (3s.f.) 1. 104cm2
c) 1.34cm3 (3s.f.) d) 166cm3 (3s.f.) 2. a) Circumference527.0cm
2. a) 6.91cm (3s.f.) b) 10.9cm (3s.f.) Area558.1cm2
c) 0.818cm (3s.f.) d) 51.3cm (3s.f.) b) Circumference547.1mm
Area5177mm2
3. a) i) 7.96cm ii) 12.7cm iii) 843cm3
b) i) 15.9cm ii) 8.41cm iii) 2230cm3 3. 326cm2
c) i) 6.37cm ii) 3.97cm iii) 168cm3 4. a) 56.5cm2 b) 108cm2 c) 254.5cm2
d) i) 3.82cm ii) 4.63cm iii) 70.7cm3
5. 418cm 3
Exercise 27.21 page 303 6. a) 1012cm2 b) 523cm2

1. 3.88cm (3s.f.) Student assessment 3 page 308
2. a) 33.0cm (3s.f.) b) 5.25cm (3s.f.)
1. a) 11.8cm (3s.f.) b) 35.3cm (3s.f.)
c) 7.31cm (3s.f.) d) 211cm3 (3s.f.)
2. a) 272.2 (1d.p.) b) 5.7 (1d.p.)
3. a) 2304cm3 b) 603cm3 (3s.f.)
c) 1700cm (3s.f.)
3 3. 232cm (3s.f.)
2
4. a) 81.6cm (3s.f.) b) 275cm (3s.f.)

3 3
4. a) 531cm2 b) 1150cm3
c) 8:27
5. a) 1210cm2 (3s.f.) b) 2592cm3
1. 81.8cm3 (3s.f.)
1. a) 178cm (3s.f.) b) 68.3mm (3s.f.)
2. 771cm3 (3s.f.)
2. a) 143.2 (1d.p.) b) 2.9 (1d.p.)
3. 3170cm3 (3s.f.)
3. 95.5cm (3s.f.)
2
4. a) 654cm3 b) 12.5cm c) 2950cm3

4. a) 603.2cm2 b) 1072.3cm3
5. a) 22.5cm b) 126cm3 c) 3270cm3
Solutions
Student assessment 5 page 309 Square Tray dimensions (cm) Volume

length (cm)
1. a) 22.9cm (3s.f.) b) 229cm (3s.f.)
2 Length Width Height
c) 985cm2 (3s.f.) d) 1830cm3 (3s.f.) 1 38 28 1 1064
2. a) 905cm3 (3s.f.) b) 12cm 2 36 26 2 1872
c) 13.4cm (3s.f.) d) 958.2cm2
3 34 24 3 2448
3. a) 10cm b) 82.1cm3 (3s.f.)
c) 71.8cm3 (3s.f.) d) 30.8cm3 (3s.f.) 4 32 22 4 2816
e) 41.1cm3 (3s.f.) 5 30 20 5 3000
Student assessment 6 page 310 6 28 18 6 3024
7 26 16 7 2912
1. a) 3620cm3 (3s.f.) b) 3620cm3 (3s.f.)
c) 905cm2 (3s.f.) d) 1920cm2 (3s.f.) 8 24 14 8 2688
2. a) 43.3cm (3s.f.)
2
b) 173cm (3s.f.)
2
9 22 12 9 2376
3. a) 314cm (3s.f.)
2
b) 26.9cm 10 20 10 10 2000
11 18 8 11 1584
Topic 4 Mathematical 12 16 6 12 1152
investigations and ICT 13 14 4 13 728
14 12 2 14 336
Metal trays page 311
15 10 0 15 0
1. a) length = 38cm
width = 28cm 4. x = 5.7cm
height = 1cm
5. Maximum volume = 3032cm3
b) 1064cm3
2. a) length = 36cm Tennis balls page 312
width = 26cm
height = 2cm 1. Cuboids of the following dimensions should
b) 1872cm3 be considered. Note each unit represents the
diameter of one tennis ball and only different
3. Students investigation and ordered table of combinations are considered.
results similar to this one. 1 1 12 1 2 6 1 3 4 2 2 3
2. Total surface area of a cuboid is given by the
formula: A = 2(lw + lh + wh)
Total surface area of the four options are as
shown (to nearest whole number):
Dimensions
area (cm2)
Surface
Length
Height
(units)
Width
|(cm)
(cm)
(cm)
1 1 12 6.6 6.6 79.2 2178
126 6.6 13.2 39.6 1742
134 6.6 19.8 26.4 1655
223 13.2 13.2 19.8 1394
Solutions
The optimum dimensions of the box are Exercise 28.3 page 322
13.2cm 13.2cm 19.8cm.
1. a) y5x11 b) y5x13c) y5x22
3. Cross-sections of possible designs are shown d) y52x12 e) y5 Qw x15 f) y5 Qw x21
below:
2. a) y52x14 b) y52x22
c) y522x22 d) y52Qw x13
e) y52 Ew x12 f) y524x11
3.
a) 1) a)1 b) 1 c) 1
d)2 e) Qw f) Qw
2) a) 21 b) 21 c) 22
d) 2 Qw e) 2 Ew f) 24
4. Students investigations b)The gradient is equal to the coefficient of x.
5. Students conclusion based on their c)The constant being added/subtracted
calculations indicates where the line intersects the
y-axis.
ICT activity page 312 4. Only the intercept c is different.
1. Possible formulae are given: 5. The lines are parallel.

In cell B2: =A2/360*2*PI()*10
C2: =B2
D2: =C2/(2*PI()) 1. a) m52 c51 b) m53 c55
E2: =SQRT((100-D2^2)) c) m51 c522 d) m5 Qwc54
F2: =1/3*PI()*D2^2*E2 e) m523c56 f) m52 Wec51
g) m521c50 h) m521c522
28 Straight-line 2.
i) m522c52
a) m53 c51 b) m52 Qwc52
graphs c) m522c523
e) m5 Qrc56
d)
f)
m522c524
m53 c52
Exercise 28.1 page 319 g) m51 c522 h) m528c56
i) m53 c51
1. a)1 b) 23 c)2 3. a) m52 c523 b) m5 Qwc54
d) 14 e)0 f)infinite c) m52 c524 d) m528c512
e) m52 c50 f) m523c53
2. A horizontal line has a zero gradient. g) m52 c51 h) m52 Qwc52
3. A vertical line has an infinite gradient. i) m52 c52 Qw
4. Gradient of A = 2 4. a) m52 c524 b) m51 c56
Gradient of B = 0 c) m523c521 d) m521c54
Gradient of C = 3 e) m510 c522 f) m523c5Ew
g) m529c52 h) m56 c5214
Gradient of D = 12 i) m52 c52 Ew
1
Gradient of E = 2 5. a) m52 c522 b) m52 c53
Gradient of F is infinite. c) m51 c50 d) m5Ewc56
e) m521c5We f) m524c52
Exercise 28.2 page 321 g) m53 c5212 h) m50 c50
1. a) y57 b) y52 c) x57 i) m523c50
d) x53 e) y5x f) y5 Qw x 6. a) m51 c50 b) m52 Qwc522
g) y52x h) y522x c) m523c50 d) m51 c50
e) m522c52 We f) m5Wec524
7. a) m52 Wtc50 b) m5 Qec52 Ty
c) m53 c50 d) m521c524
Solutions

1. Any line with a gradient of 1
2. a, b and d are parallel
3. y = 4x
4. a)
y = 3x + 4 b)
y = 3x 2
y = 3x 27
c)
y = 12 x + 3 b)
5. a) y = 12 x 14

1. a) y
b) y
c) y
8 8 8
7 7 7
6 6 6
5 5 5
4 4 4
3 3 3
2 2 2
1 1 1
4 3 2 1 0 1 2 3 x 4 3 2 1 0 1 2 3 x 4 3 2 1 0 1 2 3 x
1 1 1
2 2 2
3 3 3
4 4 4
5 5 5
d) y e) y f) y
8 8 8
7 7 7
6 6 6
5 5 5
4 4 4
3 3 3
2 2 2
1 1 1
4 3 2 1 0 1 2 3 x 4 3 2 1 0 1 2 3 x 4 3 2 1 0 1 2 3 x
1 1 1
2 2 2
3 3 3
4 4 4

5 5 5
Cambridge IGCSE Mathematical 3rd edition Hodder & Stoughton 2013 69

Solutions
y y y
g) 8 h) 8 i) 8
7 7 7
6 6 6
5 5 5
4 4 4
3 3 3
2 2 2
1 1 1
4 3 2 1 0 1 2 3 x 4 3 2 1 0 1 2 3 x 4 3 2 1 0 1 2 3 x
1 1 1
2 2 2
3 3 3
4 4 4
5 5 5

y y
2. a) b) c) y
8 8 8
7 7 7
6 6 6
5 5 5
4 4 4
3 3 3
2 2 2
1 1 1
4 3 2 1 0 1 2 3 x 4 3 2 1 0 1 2 3 x 4 3 2 1 0 1 2 3 x
1 1 1
2 2 2
3 3 3
4 4 4

5 5 5
d) y e) y f) y
8 8 8
7 7 7
6 6 6
5 5 5
4 4 4
3 3 3
2 2 2
1 1 1
4 3 2 1 0 1 2 3 x 4 3 2 1 0 1 2 3 x 4 3 2 1 0 1 2 3 x
1 1 1
2 2 2
3 3 3
4 4 4
5 5 5
Solutions
y y y
g) 8 h) 8 i) 8
7 7 7
6 6 6
5 5 5
4 4 4
3 3 3
2 2 2
1 1 1
4 3 2 1 0 1 2 3 x 4 3 2 1 0 1 2 3 x 4 3 2 1 0 1 2 3 x
1 1 1
2 2 2
3 3 3

4 4 4
5 5 5
3. y
a) b) y c) y
8 8 8
7 7 7
6 6 6
5 5 5
4 4 4
3 3 3
2 2 2
1 1 1
4 3 2 1 0 1 2 3 x 4 3 2 1 0 1 2 3 x 4 3 2 1 0 1 2 3 x
1 1 1
2 2 2
3 3 3
4 4 4
5 5
5
d) y e) y f) y
8 8 8
7 7 7
6 6 6
5 5 5
4 4 4
3 3 3
2 2 2
1 1 1
4 3 2 1 0 1 2 3 x 4 3 2 1 0 1 2 3 x 4 3 2 1 0 1 2 3 x
1 1 1
2 2 2
3 3 3
4 4 4
5 5 5
Solutions
y y y
g) 8
h) 8
i) 8
7 7 7
6 6 6
5 5 5
4 4 4
3 3 3
2 2 2
1 1 1
4 3 2 1 0 1 2 3 x 4 3 2 1 0 1 2 3 x 4 3 2 1 0 1 2 3 x
1 1 1
2 2 2
3 3 3
4 4 4
5 5 5

1. a) (3, 2) b) (5, 2) c) (2, 1) 1. a) y52x21 b) y53x11
d) (2, 1) e) (24, 1) f) (4, 22) c) y52x13 d) y5x24
e) y54x12 f) y52x14
2. a) (3, 22) b) (21, 21) c) (22, 3)
g) y522x12 h) y523x21
d) (23, 23) e) Infinite solutions
i) y5Qw x
f ) No solution
2. a) y5 Qu x1SuH b) y5 Yu x1Ru
Exercise 28.8 page 331 c) y5 Ew x1AwG d) y59x213
1. a) ii) 5.66 units (3 s.f.) iii) (3, 4) e) y52 Qw x1Tw f) y52 q E e x1U q P e
b) ii) 4.24 units (3 s.f.) iii) (4.5, 2.5) g) y52 h) y523x
c) ii) 5.66 units (3 s.f.) iii) (3, 6) i) x56
d) ii) 8.94 units (3 s.f.) iii) (2, 4)
e) ii) 6.32 units (3 s.f.) iii) (3, 4) Exercise 28.10 page 335
f) ii) 6.71 units (3 s.f.) iii) (1.5, 4)
g) ii) 8.25 units (3 s.f.) iii) (2, 1) 1. a)i)1 ii)1 iii) y = x 3
h) ii) 8.94 units (3 s.f.) iii) (0, 0) b)i)1 ii)1 iii)y = x 5
i) ii) 7 units iii) (0.5, 5) 1 1
j) ii) 6 units iii) (2, 3) c)i)2 ii) 2 iii)
y = 2x 5
k) ii) 8.25 units (3 s.f.) iii) (0, 4)
1
d)i) 2 ii)2 iii)y = 2x 20
l) ii) 10.8 units (3 s.f.) iii) (0, 1.5)
e)i)1 ii)1 iii)y = x + 9
2. a) i) 4.24 units (3 s.f.) ii) (2.5, 2.5) 1 1 3
b) i) 5.66 units (3 s.f.) ii) (5, 4) f)i)2 ii) 2 iii) y = 2x + 2
c) i) 8.94 units (3 s.f.) ii) (4, 2) 3 2 2 4
g) i) 2 ii) 3
iii) y = 3x 3
d) i) 8.94 units (3 s.f.) ii) (5, 0)
e) i) 4.24 units (3 s.f.) ii) (1.5, 4.5) 2 3 3
h)i) 3 ii) 2 iii)y = 2 x + 13
f) i) 4.47 units (3 s.f.) ii) (4, 3) 1
g) i) 7.21 units (3 s.f.) ii) (0, 3) i)i) 4 ii)4 iii)y = 4x + 28
h) i) 7.21 units (3 s.f.) ii) (5, 1)
j)i)1 ii)1 iii)y = x 8
i) i) 12.4 units (3 s.f.) ii) (0, 2.5)
j) i) 8.49 units (3 s.f.) ii) (1, 1) k)i)0 ii)Infinite iii)x = 6
k) i) 11 units ii) (0.5, 3) 1 1 13
l) i) 4 ii) 4 iii)
y = 4x 4
l) i) 8.25 units (3 s.f.) ii) (4, 2)
Solutions
1 1 5 6. a) y
2. a) 3 b) y = 3 x + 3 9
c)3 d) y = 3x + 15 8
7
e) y = 3x + 35 f) (8, 11)
6
1 25
g) (2, 9) h) y = 3 x + 3 5
i) 6.3 units j) (6, 7) 4
2 8 3
3. a) y = 5
x 5
2
5 9
b) y = 2 x 2 1
c) 15.2 units 5 4 3 2 1 0 1 2 3 4 x
1
d) Midpoint AB = (4, 0)
Midpoint AC = (3, 3) 2
Midpoint BC = (2, 5) 3
4

Student assessment 1 page 337 Solution is (2, 2)
1 a)1 b)3 b) y
9
2 a) y = 2x + 4 b) y = 25 x + 4
8
3. a) m = 3 c = 4 b) m = 3 c = 6
7
c) m = 12 c = 3
2 6
4. y = 23 x + 6 5
4
5. a) b) c) d) y 3
9 2
8 1
y 2x
7
5 4 3 2 1 0 1 2 3 4 x
6 1
5 2
4 3
3 4
y3
2
x Solution is (1, 1)
y 2 1
5 4 3 2 1 0 1 2 3 4 x
1
2
x 2 3
4
Solutions
y
c)
9
8 1 a)2
7 b) 1
6 2 a) y 5 2x 3
5
b) y 5 23 x 25
4
1
3 3. a) m 5 2
c50
2 b) m 5 4 c56
1
c) m 5 23 c5 5
2
5 4 3 2 1 0 1 2 3 4 x
1 4. y 5 5x
2 5. a) b) c) d)
3 y x 3
8
4 y 3x
7
Solution is (2, 4)
6
d)
y 5
9 4
8 3
y x 4
7 4 2
6
5 O
4 3 2 1 1 2 x
4 1
3 2
y 2
2 3
1

6. a) y
5 4 3 2 1 0 1 2 3 4 x
1 8
2 7
3 6
4 5
Solution is (2, 0) 4
7. a)i)13 units ii)(0, 1.5) 3
2
b) i) 10 units ii) (4, 6)
1
8. a) y53x4 b) y52x7 O
4 3 2 1 1 2 3 x
9. a)y 5 27 x 31
7
b) y 5 27 x 12 1
10. a) i) (5, 6) 2
3
ii)
y 5 3x 9

y 5 13 x 6
iii) Solution is (3, 3)
b) The diagonals are perpendicular as the
product of their gradients is 1.
Solutions
b) y 7. a)i)5 units ii)(0, 4.5)

8 b) i) 26 units ii) (5, 2)
7 8. a) y52x25 b) y524x13
6 9. a)y = 27 x + 55
b) y = 27 x 19
7 7
5
10. a) (1, 6)
4
b) y = 43 x + 21

3 4
2
c)Substitute y = 10 12 into the equation
1 y = 43 x + 21
4
and rearrange to find x = 7.
O d) 7.5 units
4 3 2 1 1 2 3 x
1
2 Topic 5 Mathematical
3 investigations and ICT
Solution is (2, 3)
Plane trails page 341
c) y 1. Students investigation
8 2. Students ordered table similar to the one
7 shown
6
Number of planes Maximum number of
5
(p) crossing points (n)
4
1 0
3
2 2 1
1 3 3
O 4 6
4 3 2 1 1 2 3 x
1 5 10
2
3
3. The sequence of the number of crossing points
Solution is (3, 1)
is the sequence of triangular numbers.
d) y n = 12 p(p 1)
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
O
4 3 2 1 1 2 3 x
1
2
3

Solution is (1, 1)
Solutions
Hidden treasure page 342 29 Bearings

12. The results for up to 20 contestants are given
in the table below: Exercise 29.1 page 347
1. Students own diagrams
Number of Winning chest (x)
contestants (n) 2. Students own diagrams leading to:
1 1 a)343 b)034
2 2 3. Students own diagrams leading to:

a)120 b)102
3 2
4 4 Student assessment 1 page 348

5 2 1. Students own diagram
8 8
9 2 30 Trigonometry
10 4
11 6
1. a) 1.82cm b) 4.04cm c) 19.2cm
12 8
d) 4.87cm e) 37.3cm f) 13.9cm
13 10
2. a) 14.3cm b) 8.96cm c) 9.33cm
14 12 d) 4.10cm e) 13.9cm f) 6.21cm
15 14 3. a) 49.4 b) 51.1 c) 51.3
d) 63.4 e) 50.4 f) 71.6
16 16
17 2 Exercise 30.2 page 352

18 4 1. a) 2.44cm b) 18.5cm c) 6.19cm
19 6
d) 2.44cm e) 43.8cm f) 31.8cm
20 8 2. a) 38.7 b) 48.6 c) 38.1

d) 49.8 e) 32.6 f) 14.5
3. Students observed pattern: key pattern is that
x = n when n is a power of 2.
1. a) 36.0cm b) 15.1cm c) 48.2
4. 31 contestants, winning chest is 30.
d) 81.1 e) 6.7cm f) 16.8 cm
32 contestants, winning chest is 32.
g) 70.5 h) 2.1cm
33 contestants, winning chest is 2.
5. x = 2(n T), where x = the winning chest, Exercise 30.4 page 354
n = number of contestants and T = the nearest
1. a) 5cm b) 11.4mm (3s.f.)
power of 2 below n.
c) 12cm d) 13.2cm (3s.f.)
ICT activity page 343 2. a) 11.0cm (3s.f.) b) 14.8cm (3s.f.)
c) 7.86cm (3s.f.) d) 7.35cm (3s.f.)
Students own investigation e) 3 cm f) 13.9cm (3s.f.)
3. 71.6km
Solutions
4. 66.9km 4. a) 70, 110 b) 9, 171 c) 53, 127

d) 34, 146 e) 16, 164 f) 19, 161
5. a) 2252135590 b) 73.8km
6. 57009m Exercise 30.8 page 361
7. a) 8.5km b) 15.5km (3s.f.) 1. a) cos 160 b) cos 95 c) cos 148
8. a) 13.3m (3s.f.) b) 15.0m (3s.f.) d) cos 85 e) cos 33 f) cos 74
2. a) cos 82 b) cos 36 c) cos 20
Exercise 30.5 page 356 d) cos 37 e) cos 9 f) cos 57
1. a) 43.6 b) 19.5cm 3. a) cos 80 b) cos 90 c) cos 70
c) 16.7cm d) 42.5 d) cos 135 e) cos 58 f) cos 155
2. a) 20.8km (3s.f.) b) 215.2 (1d.p.) 4. a) 2cos 55 b) 2cos 73 c) cos 60
d) cos 82 e) cos 88 f) cos 70
3. a) 228km (3s.f.) b) 102km (3s.f.)
c) 103km (3s.f.) d) 147km (3s.f.) Student assessment 1 page 362
e) 415 km (3s.f.) f) 217 (3 s.f.)
1. a) 4cm b) 43.9cm c) 20.8cm
4. a) 6.71m (3s.f.) b) 19.6m (3s.f.) d) 3.91cm
c) 15.3m (3s.f.)
2. a) 36.9 b) 56.3 c) 31.0
5. a) 48.2 (3s.f.) b) 41.8 (3s.f.) d) 33.8
c) 8cm d) 8.94cm (3s.f.)
e) 76.0cm2 (3s.f.) 3. a) 5cm b) 6.63cm c) 9.29cm
d) 28.5cm
1. a) 12.2km (3s.f.) b) 9.5 (1d.p.)
1. a) 160.8km b) 177.5km
2. a) 10.1km (3s.f.) b) 1.23km (3s.f.)
5 7.5
3. a) 22.6 (1d.p.) b) 130m 2. a) tan u5}} b) tan u5
x (x 16)
4. a) 0.342km (3s.f.) b) 0.940km (3s.f.) 5 7.5
c) }}5 d) 32m
5. a) 64.0m (3s.f.) b) 30.2m (3s.f.) x (x 16)
e) 8.9 (1d.p.)
6. 6.93km (3s.f.)
3. a) 285m (3s.f.) b) 117 (3s.f.)
7. a) 7.46km (3s.f.) b) 3.18km (3s.f.)
c) 297 (3s.f.)
8. a) 2.9km (1d.p.) b) 6.9km (1d.p.)
4. a) 1.96km (3s.f.) b) 3.42km (3s.f.)
c) 11.4 (1d.p.) d) 20.4km (1d.p.)
c) 3.57km (3s.f.)
9. a) 2.68km (3s.f.) b) 1.02km (3s.f.)
b) 3.5 (1d.p.) d) 16.83km (2d.p.) Student assessment 3 page 364
10. a) 225m b) 48.4 (1d.p.) 1. a) 4003m b) 2.35 (3s.f.)
2. Students graph
3. a) sin 130 b) sin 30 c) cos 135
1. a) sin 120 b) sin 100 c) sin 65 d) cos 60
d) sin 40 e) sin 52 f) sin 13
4. a) 38 b) 106
2. a) sin 145 b) sin 130 c) sin 150
d) sin 132 e) sin 76 f) sin 53 5. a) 24.6 (1d.p.) b) 32.6 (1d.p.)
3. a) 19, 161 b) 82, 98 c) 5, 175 c) 5.94km (3s.f.) d) 1641
d) 72, 108 e) 13, 167 f) 28, 152
Solutions

1. Students graph 1. a) 4.71m b) 12.1cm c) 9.15cm
d) 3.06cm e) 10.7cm
2. a) 2cos 52 b) cos 100
2. a)125.1 b)108.2 c)33.6
3. a) 678m (3s.f.) b) 11.6 (1d.p.) d)37.0 e)122.9
c) 718m (3s.f.)
4. a) 21.8 (1d.p.)
c) 2.2km
b) 8.5 (1d.p.)
d) 10.5 (1d.p.)
e) 15.3 (1d.p.) f) 1.76km (3s.f.) 1. a) 42.9m (3s.f.) b) 116.9 (1d.p.)
c) 24.6 (1d.p.) d) 33.4 (1d.p.)
5. a)
e) 35.0m (3s.f.)
1
2. 370m
3. 73.9m (3s.f.)
90 180
1
1. a) 70.0cm2 b) 70.9mm2 c) 122cm2
b) u545 d) 17.0cm2
2. a) 24.6 b) 13.0cm c) 23.1cm
31 Further 3.
d) 63.2
16800m2
trigonometry 4. a) 3.90m2 (3s.f.) b) 222m3 (3s.f.)

1. a) 5.66cm (3s.f.) b) 6.93cm (3s.f.)
1. a) 8.91cm b) 8.93cm c) 5.96mm
c) 54.7 (1d.p.)
d) 8.64cm
2. a) 5.83cm (3s.f.) b) 6.16cm (3s.f.)
2. a)33.2 b) 52.7 c) 77.0 c) 18.9 (1d.p.)
d) 44.0
3. a) 6.40cm (3s.f.) b) 13.6cm (3s.f.)
3. a) 25, 155 (nearest degree) c) 61.9 (1d.p.)
b) A 4. a) 75.3 (1d.p.) b) 56.3 (1d.p.)
5. a) i) 7.21cm (3s.f.) ii) 21.1 (1d.p.)
10 cm
8 cm b) i) 33.7 (1d.p.) ii) 68.9 (1d.p.)
8 cm
6. a) i) 8.54cm (3s.f.) ii) 28.3 (1d.p.)
20
b) i) 20.6 (1d.p.) ii) 61.7 (1d.p.)
C B B
7. a) 6.5cm b) 11.3cm (3s.f.)
4. a)75, 105 (nearest degree) c) 70.7cm (1d.p.)
b) P
8. a) 11.7cm b) 7.55cm (3s.f.)
9. a) TU5TQ510cm
QU 58.49(3 s.f.)
6 cm b) 90, 36.9, 53.1 c) 24cm2
4 cm
4 cm
40
Q R R

Solutions
Exercise 31.6 page 375 Topic 6 Mathematical

1. a)RW b)TQ c)SQ investigations and ICT
d)WU e)QV f)SV
Numbered balls page 378
2. a)JM b) KN c)HM
d)HO e)JO f)MO 1. If a ball is odd (n), the next ball is n + 1.
n
If the ball is even (n), the next ball is 2 .
3. a) /TPS b) /UPQ c) /VSW
d) /RTV e) /SUR f) /VPW 2. 65, 66, 33, 34, 17, 18, 9, 10, 5, 6, 3, 4, 2, 1
4. a) 5.83cm (3s.f.) b) 31.0 (1d.p.) 3. The first ball must be odd. Start at 1 and work
backwards.
5. a) 10.2cm (3s.f.) b) 29.2 (1d.p.)
c) 51.3 (1d.p.) 4. 513, 514, 257, 258, 129, 130, 65, 66, 33, 34, 17,
18, 9, 10, 5, 6, 3, 4, 2, 1
6. a) 6.71cm (3s.f.) b) 61.4 (1d.p.)
7. a) 7.81cm (3s.f.) b) 11.3cm (3s.f.) Towers of Hanoi page 378
c) 12.4 (1d.p.) 1. 3
8. a) 14.1cm (3s.f.) b) 8.49cm (3s.f.) 2. 15
c) 7.48cm (3s.f.) d) 69.3 (1d.p.)
3. Students investigation
9. a) 17.0cm (3s.f.) b) 5.66cm (3s.f.)
c) 7cm d) 51.1 (1d.p.) 4. The results up to 8 discs are given below:
Student assessment 1 page 377 Number of discs Smallest number of

moves
1. 134 (3s.f.)
1 1
2. a) 11.7cm (3s.f.)
2 3
b) 12.3cm (3s.f.)
c) 29.1 (1d.p.) 3 7
3. a) 18.0m (3s.f.) b) 26.5 (1d.p.) 4 15
c) 28.8m (3s.f.) d) 278m2 (3s.f.)
5 31
4. a) 12.7cm (3s.f.) b) 66.6 (1d.p.)
c) 93.5cm2 (3s.f.) d) 14.7cm (1d.p.) 6 63
7 127
8 255
1. a) 10.8cm (3s.f.) b) 11.9cm (3s.f.)
c) 30.2 (1d.p.) d) 41.0 (1d.p.) 5. The number of moves are 1 less than the
powers of 2.
2. a) 9.81cm (3s.f.) b) 30
c) 19.6cm (3s.f.) 6. 1023
3. a) 5.83cm (3s.f.) b) 6.71cm (3s.f.) 7. Number of moves = 2n 1, where n = number
c) 7.81cm (3s.f.) d) 46.6 (1d.p.) of discs.
e) 19.0cm2 (3s.f.) f) 36.7 (1d.p.) 8. Time taken to move 64 discs is 264 1 seconds
This equates to 5.85 1011 years, i.e.
585 billion years.
Therefore according to the legend we neednt
be too worried!
Solutions
ICT activity page 379 32 Vectors

1. b) i) 0.940 (3 d.p.)
ii) 0.819 (3 d.p.)
3
iii) 0.866 (3 d.p.) or
c)
2 1. a)
1 242 b) 3

1
12 c)
1 22
242

d)
1 2232 e)
1 2612 f)
1 2162

g)
1 23
212
h) 25

25
1 2 i)
1 2132
The graph of y = sin x intersects the line
y = 0.7 in two places as shown.
d) 30 and 150
2. a) 4

4
12 b) 0

4
12 c)
12302
2. a)

d)
1 2262 e)
1 24
222

f)
1 2402

g) 3

0
12 h)
1 2622 i)
1 24
242
3.
b) Two solutions
c) 225
f
3. a) a
d
c
b
e
Solutions are 0, 180 and 360 g i

h
b)

1. a) b) c) d) e) f )
Solutions are 38.2 and 141.8 (1 d.p.)
b
a d
ab
ba a
a
ad
b
b
c
da
bc cb
a
d c
b
Solutions
2. a1b5b1a, a1d5d1a, b1c5c1b Exercise 32.6 page 388

3. a) b) c) d) e) f) 1. a)a b)a c)b
a c d) 2b e) 2b f) 22a
d g)a1b h)b2a i)b22a
c a
d a 2. a) 2a b)b c)b2a
b c c d)b2a e) 2a f)a22b
b a
3. a) 22a b) 2a c)b
d)b2a e) 2(b2a) f) 2b2a
b b g) 22b h)b22a i) 2a2b
d c b
c c d 4. a) 5a b) Ie b
a d c c) Qe (8b215a) d) q Q t (8b215a)
b e)b22a f) 5a22b
c b d
a c b g) It b h) Qt (10a18b)
i) Qt (8b5a)
4. a) 2

4
12 b)
261 2
0

c)
1 2 21
1

d) 1
0 1 2 e) 9

0 12

f)
12 5
2
1. a)

i)2aii)2abiii) Qr (2a+3b)
b)Proof
Exercise 32.3 page 385 2. a)b)Proofs
1. d52ce52af52ag5 Qw ch5 Qw b 3. a)i)4aii)2aiii)2(a+b)iv)Ew a
i52Qw bj5Ew bk52 Ew a
b)Proof
2. a) 4

612
1 2
b) 212
23

c)
1 2 2
24
4. a) i) Qw (2qp)ii) Wu (pq) b) Proof

d) 22
1 2
2

e) 22
251 2

f)
1 2 28
9
1 2
g) 210
25

h) 3

2 12

i)
1 2 10
26
1.
1 2
a) 22
3
12
b) 7
2

c)
1 2262
a 51 2 b 51 2 c51 2
3. a)2a b) 2b c)b1c 2 4 0
2.
d)a2b e) 2c f) 2c2a 4 0 25
d51
222
e51 2
24 22

1
3.
1. |a|55.0 units |b|54.1 units |c|54.5 units
b
|d|57.0 units |e|57.3 units |f|56.4 units
d
2. a) |AB|54.0 units b) |BC|55.4 units a
a b e d
c) |CD|57.2 units d) |DE|513.0 units e c c e
e) |2AB|58.0 units f) |2CD|57.2 units
b
3. a) 4.1 units b) 18.4 units c) 15.5 units
d) 17.7 units e) 31.8 units f) 19.6 units 2e b e
2e

1. 3
A
B
5
1
5 C 125
23
2 12 1 2
4. a)
1 2152 b) 1
512

c)
11112 d)

11402
3 2
D
5
23
0
E5
22
4
1 2
F
5
2
24 1 2 1 2
G
5
21
21
H5
23
0
1 2 1 2
Solutions
Student assessment 2 page 390 Student assessment 5 page 392

1. a)
1 2272 1 2
b) 25
24
1 2
c) 21
23
1. a) i) Qr b ii) Qr (4a b)iii) Wt (b a)
b) Proof
2. a) 0

3
12 1 2
b) 26
0
1 2
c) 21
25
2. a) Proof b) Proof
3. a) i) b a ii) aiii) a + b
132
d) 3 e)
1 2
4
21
b) i) 4 : 25 ii) 20 : 25
3. Student assessment 6 page 393
e e
1. a) a b) b c) (1 + w2)b
a c
a e b 2a 2. a)
5b b) 5b a c) Qw (a + 3b)
c d c e c 2a
3. a) i) Qw aii) b a b) 2 : 3
d
b
33 Matrices
4. a)
1 21172b) 1 2392c) 1 2662d) 1 218282
1. a) P = 2 3 b) Q = 2 4 c)R = 4 2
d) S = 4 5 e)T = 5 1 f)F = 1 5
2. Students own matrices
1. a)|AB |=7.21 units
1 2
6500 900
b)|a|=9.22 units |b|=8.06 units 3. 7200 1100
|c|=13 units 7300 1040
2. a) 17.5 units b) 2.69 units
1 2
3 4 2 1
4. 0 6 2 0
3. 1242
A= B=1 122 C= 1 312 1 3 0 2
5. (8693)
D = 12302 E=1 2
1
1 2
24 37 49
6. 74 58
4. a) Students own vector 76 62
89 56
b) DF = Qw BC
1 2
20 35 15
c) CF = DE 45 25 40
7. 30 30 10
Student assessment 4 page 392 0 0 25
5 10 10

1 2
1. a)| FG |=5 units 8000 3000 5000
b)|a|=6.1 units |b|=12.4 units 8. 8000 6000 10 000
|c|=14.1 units 5000 11 000 9000
9000 13 000 6000
2. a) 29.7 units b) 11.4 units
1 2
6 12 43 18 6 9 6
3. a)2a b)b c) b a
9. 9 15 28 18 12 12 6
12 19 30 12 9 9 9

10. Students own matrix
Solutions

1. a)1
14 8
7 162 b)
9 3 24
19 35 5 1 2 1. a) 1
18 78
14 54 2
b)
12 72
0 24 1 2
1 2
18 18
12 1 2
24 10 13 17
c)3 d) 2 13 18 2. a) 1
52 12 18
44 22 12 2
b) 8 8
6 6
18 5 10 11
3. a) 1
28 4 8
b) 2
(27 17)
1 2
14 9
31 19 40
e) 15 5
(311) f)
1 2 1 2
6 4 2 30 22 38
5 10
4. a) 3 2 1 b)20 13 2
2. a)1 2
5 4
1 0
2 2 2
b)
2 2 2 1 2 12 8 4
18 12 6
9 7 17
24 19 50
12 1 2
5 4 14 1
c) 0 d) 2 0 4 Exercise 33.5 page 402
4 9 1 5
e) 1
3 18
2
3 4
f) 21 13 1 2 1. VW = 124 8
0 7
2WV = 112 4
18 20 2
1 12
3 2
2. VW = 110 9
20 18 2
1 2 1 2 1 2
9 11 9 11 1 5
3. a)15 5 b)15 5 c) 6 6
1 2
9 8 9 8 7 5 11 14 1
WV = 25 30 5
1 2 1 2 1 2
10 3 10 6 11 2
39 46 9
3 14 e)9 1 f)
d) 9 8
3 4 2 13 4 9 3. VW = (11)
1 2 1 2 1 2
5 9 3 1 13 7
1 2
4 10 18 4
g)6 0 h)
5 13
12 12 i)6 10
5 0 9 0 WV = 0 0 0 0
6 15 27 6
12 30 54 12
1 2 1 2
2 3 3 5 1 1
4. a)3 1 4 1 4 2 b) 15 races
1 4 3 1 3 3 4. VW = 16 4 14 2
7 7 9
WV is not possible
1 2
7 4 4
4 5 6
c)
2 7 6
5. VW = 133 41 10
17 11 8 2
WV is not possible
5. a)
b) 1
265 312
140 132 2 1
189 204
121 68 2 1
=
76 108
19 64 2 1. AI = 12 1
3 2 2
IA = 1
3 2 2
2 1
c)
267
2. AI = 1
3 6 2
IA = 1
3 62
2 4 2 4
1 2
1. a)
8 12
14 6 1 2
b)
21 6
3 0
c) 1 2
9 3
0 6
3. AI = 12 4
4 8
2IA = 12 4
4 8
2
1 2
3 2
110 5
d)
0 202 128 20
e)
16 322
f) 1
14 72
21 42
4. AI = 1 6 IA is not possible
2 5
1 2
2. a)
4 1
0 2
b)1 2 c) 13 0.75 61.5 2
4 3
2 1
5. AI = (56)IA is not possible
16 4
d)
0.8 2 2 12.5 7.5
e)
7.5 10 2
f) 1
3 6 2
12 3
Solutions
1 2
4 3
1 2
18 17
6. 5 6 IA is not possible 2. a)45 0 b)
(83 14)
3 2 30 15
1 4
3. a)
1 b) 6 c) 6 d) 4
7. When AI exists, it is equal to A.
8. For a 2 2 matrix AI = IA = A. 4. a) 1
1 2
Ew Jw 2 b)
8 7
9 8 1 2
Exercise 33.7 page 404 c) 1
To AAq i Aw
2
d)
Qr
1 2
We Ty Aw Aq w
1. a)
3 b)
3 c)
4 d)
2
2. a)
4 b)
10 c)
10 d)
1 Student assessment 2 page 407
3. a)
18 b)
14 c)
54 d)
4
1 2
11 7
4. Students own matrices 1. a)
8 21
3 1
b) 2
6 12
8 5
5. Students own matrices
1 2
6. Students own matrices 3 1
7. a) 16 b) 131 c)18 d)936 c) 1
10 7
4 1 2 d) 4 1
6 3
e) 104 f)
576 g)
254 h)
576
i) 147
1
3 12 3
e)
6 12 15 2 f) 11 2
0 4 2
1 2
3 15
1 2
1. a)
4 5
7 9 1 2 c) 10.8
b)
5 7
7 10 12
1 1
2. a)42 10 b)
36 26
(1932)
11
d)
22 1 2 1 2
1A 3 e)1.8 0.8 3. a)
1 b) 66 c) 66 d) 18
Jw 3
f)
Not possible 4. a) 1
9 8
10 9
b) 1 22
Lw 4
2. See answers for Q.1.
3. It has no inverse as the determinant = 0.
c) Not possible d)
175.5 66
67.5 59
2
4. A, B, D have no inverse.
5. a) 1
9 4
7 3
b) 2 1
Tr Er
2 1 2 c) 16
11 5 2
AAr 34 Transformations
Aw 0
d) 1 2
Lw Gw
e) 1 f) 2
Er
Aw
1 2 Exercise 34.1 page 409
Aw Aq q Eq Aw AUq w 2 1
1. a) y
1 2
6 11 4
1. a)
4 1
7 8 1 b) 2
1 12
10 5 2
1 2
5 4
c) 19 6
1 1 2 d) 1 5
1 5
2
2
0 2 4 6 8 10
x
4
6 16 8
e)
2 12 141 2 f) 1
1 2
0 1.5 2 6
b)
y=2
Solutions
2. a) y
5. a) y
6 6
4 4
2 2
6 4 2 0 2 4 6x 6 4 2 0 2 4 6x
2 2
4 4
6 6
b)
x = 1 b)
y = x 2
3. a) y 6. a) y
6 6
4 4
2 2
2 0 2 4 6 8 10 8 6 4 2 0 2 x
x 2
2
4 4
6

6
b)
y = 1 b) y = 0, x = 3
4. a) y 7. a) y
6 6
4 4
2 2
2 0 2 4 6 8 10 8 6 4 2 0 2 x
x
2 2
4 4
6 6

b)
y=x2 b)
y = 1, x = 3, y = x + 4, y = x 2
Solutions
8. a) y d)
y
6 6
4 4
2 2
8 6 4 2 0 2 x 6 4 2 0 2 4 6x
2 2
4 4
6 6

b)
y = 1, x = 3, y = x + 4, y = x 2
2. a)
y
1. a) y 4
6
2
4
6 4 2 0 2 4 6x
2
2
6 4 2 0 2 4 6x 4
2
6
4
6 b) y
b) y 6
6 4
4 2
2
6 4 2 0 2 4 6x
6 4 2 0 2 4 6x 2
2 4
4 6
6 c) y
c) y 6
6
4
4
2
2
6 4 2 0 2 4 6x
6 4 2 0 2 4 6x 2
2
4
4
6
6

Solutions
d) y 2.
6
6 4 2 0 2 4 6x
2
4
6 3.
3. y
8
2

10 8 6 4 2 0 2 4 6 8 x
4. y
2
5
4
4
6 3
8 2
1
10
0
12 1 2 3 4 5 6 x
1

14
5. y
4
1. 2
1
4 3 2 1 0 1 2 3 4 x
1
2

3
4
Solutions
y
6. y 4. a)
4
4
3
3
2
2
1
1
4 3 2 1 0 1 2 3 4 x
2 1 0 1 2 3 4 5 x 1
1
2
2
3
3
4
Exercise 34.4 page 411 b) 90 anti-clockwise about (0, 0)
5. a) y
1. a)
4
3
2
1
1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 x
1
2
3
b) 180 clockwise/anti-clockwise 4
2. a) b) 90 anti-clockwise about (2.5, 0)
6. a) y
4
3
2
1
4 3 2 1 0 1 2 3 4 x
1
b) 90 anti-clockwise 2
3
3. a)
4
b) 90 clockwise about (0, 1)

Students own diagrams.

b) 180 clockwise/anti-clockwise
Solutions
Exercise 34.6 page 414 4.
1. AB= 1062A C = 1362

Object
2. A B =
0
71 2
A C =
6
1 1 2
Image
3. A B = 1062A C = 1362

4. A B = 12
5
0
A C =
3
6 1 2 5.

1.
Image Object
Image

Object
6.
Object

2.
Object Image
Image

1.
A'
3.
A
Image
C C'
Object B
B'
Scale factor is 2

Solutions

1.
A D O
A' D'
B C
B' C'
Scale factor is 1.5

3.
' '

2.
' '

4.

C' A'
A 3.
C
Scale factor is 3 B'

5. 4.
D A
1
Scale factor is
4
O
D' A'
C' B'
C B

Solutions
Exercise 34.10 page 420 4. A B
1.
C'
C' D'
A B
B' A'
D C
C
1
Scale factor is
3
B' A'

Scale factor is 3
5.
B'
2.
A B
C'
O C'
C
A D
D' A'
C
B Scale factor is 2.5

B' A'
6.
A
3.
D
C'
A C' B D' B'
O D'
B A'
D C C
Scale factor is 0.5
B' A'

Solutions
Exercise 34.11 page 422 3. y

4 Q R
1. y 2
10 P S
8 6 4 2 0 2 4 6 8 10x
8 C' P' Q'
D' 2
6
4
4 A' B' S' R'
6
2 A B
A" D" 4.
R' S' y
8 6 4 2 0 2 4 6 8 x
D C 4 Q R
B" 2 C"
2
2. Q' P'
y P S
8 6 4 2 0 2 4 6 8 10 x
10
2
8
C' D' 4
A B 6
B"
6
D C 4
B' A' 5. y
2 Q' R'
4 Q R
8 6 4 2 0 2 4 6 8 x
D" A" 2
2 P' S'
P S
8 6 4 2 0 2 4 6 8 10 x
4
1. y S' R' 6
4 Q R
6. y
2 P' Q'
P S 4 Q R
8 6 4 2 0 2 4 6 8 10 x 2
2 P S
10 8 6 4 2 0 2 4 6 8 10 x
4 S' P'
2
6
4
2. y
6
R' Q'
4 Q R
2
P S
8 6 4 2 0 2 4 6 8 10 x
Q' P'
2
4
R' S'
6

Solutions
7. Q.1 represents a reflection in the line y = x. Exercise 34.13 page 426

Q.2 represents a reflection in the line y = x.
Q.3 represents a clockwise rotation of 90 1. a) Students own diagram
about the origin. b) Students diagram should show a reflection
Q.4 represents an anti-clockwise rotation of in y x followed by enlargement from
90 about the origin. the origin 2
1 2
Q.5 represents an enlargement of scale factor 0 0.5
c)
2 with its centre at the origin. 0.5 0
Q.6 represents an enlargement of scale factor
2 with its centre at the origin. 2. a) Students own diagram
b) Students diagram should show a rotation
8. a) 180 about the origin
1 0
X
y
4

c) 0 11 2
2 3. a) Students own diagram
Y Z Z' Y' b) Students diagram should show a rotation
4 2 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 x 90 clockwise about the origin followed by
2 enlargement from the origin 1.5
0 Se
4
c) 1
Se 0 2
6
4. a) Students own diagram
8
b) Students diagram should show an
10 X' enlargment from the origin 0.5 followed
by reflection in the y-axis
b) 4.5 units2c) 40.5 units2d)9e)9
9. a) y

c) 12 0
0 22
Q' 2 R' 5. a) Students own diagram
Q 1 R b) Students diagram should show an
enlargment from the origin 2.5 followed
4 3 2 1 0 1 2 3 4 5x by reflection in the x-axis
P'
P
1
2
S
S'

c) 1S0 0S 2
6. a) Students own diagram
3
b) Students diagram should show a rotation
about the origin 60 anti-clockwise
b) 6 units2c) 13.5 units2d) 2.25e) 2.25 followed by an enlargement from origin
10. a) (2)
1
y 1 3
A 3 C
C' 4 4
c)
2 3 1

B 1 4 4
8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 1 2x
1
2
A' B'
3
b) 2 units c) 12.5 units d) 6.25e) 6.25

2 2
Solutions

y
1. a)c) y 1. a)
6
4
X' Y' Y X
4
Y'' 2
X'' Z' 2
4 2 0 Z 2 4x
Z'' O
2 2 2 4 6 8 10x
4 2
6 4
6
b)
Reflection in the y-axis
d)Rotation 45 anti-clockwise about the y x 2 is also a mirror line
origin b) y = x + 4
1 1
2 2 2 2 2. a) (3, 2) b) 90 clockwise

e)

2
2
2
2
f)

2
2
2
2
6
12
3. a)
0
b) 1 2
3
5
2 2 2 2 4.
2. a)c)
y
K' L'
4
2 K L
M'
M
6 4 2 0 2 4 6 x
J O
K'' 2 J'
J''
L'' 4
6
M''
b)Enlargement scale factor 2, with centre at
the origin

d)Reflection in the line y x
0 2 0 Aw

1 2 1 2

e) 2 0 f)
Aw 0 1. y
0 6
1 2 1
0 Se
2

3. a) b)
0 Se 0 4
1 0 0 1
1
4. a) 0 1 2 1
b) 1 0 2 2
O
0 1 2 4 6 8 10
1 2
2
c) 1 0 x
2
d)
Rotation 180 about the origin 4
e)Reflection in the line y x 6
f)Reflection in the line y x
Solutions
2. a) Students own construction 5. a)b) y

b) 180 clockwise/anti-clockwise
4
0
3. a)
3 1 2 b) 1 2 8
2 3
P'
4. 2 P
S'
1 R'
S
R
Q'' Q'
4 3 2 1 0 1Q 2 3 4 x
1
R''
S''
2
3
P''
4
1.5 0 Se 0
1
c) 0 1.5 d)
0 Se 2 1 2
1. a) Student assessment 4 page 435
C D 1. a)
Z'
W
B'
A' X
A
Y' Y
B D' C'
b)The scale factor of enlargement is 0.5. Z

2. a) An enlargement of scale factor 2. Centre
of enlargement (3, 3) X'
b) A reflection about the line y = x 1
3. a) A reflection in the line x = 0 W'
b)An enlargement by scale factor 0.5.
Centre of enlargement (0, 1) b) The scale factor of enlargement is 2.
4. a) b) y
J"
6
J
2. a) A translation of vector 1602
b)An enlargement of scale factor 2. Centre
4 of enlargement (6, 8)
2
K" L" L K
O
6 4 2 2 4 6x
L'
2
J' K' 4
6
c) 11 0
0 1 2
Solutions
3. a) y 5. Students investigation and ordered table

6 P
Number of Number of triangles
4 horizontal lines
2 Q' 0 6
R' Q 1 12
O
6 4 2 2 4 6x
2 18
2 P'
3 24
4

R
6 6. n = 6(h + 1)

4 4
b)
25
0.16 c)
25
or 0.16 ICT activity 1 page 438
Students help sheet
3. Reflection in y = x
A painted cube page 436
4. a) Reflection in y = x
1. a) 8 b) 12 c) 6 d)1
b) Clockwise rotation about the origin of 90
2. A: 8, B: 24, C: 24, D: 8 c) Anti-clockwise rotation about the origin
3. A: 8, B: 96, C: 384, D: 512 of 90
d) Enlargement of scale factor 2, centred at
4. When (n 2) 0, A: 8, B: 12(n 2), the origin.
C: 6(n 2)2, D: (n 2)3 e) Englargement of scale factor 2, centred
5. When (l 2) 0, (w 2) 0 and (h 2) 0, at the origin
A: 8,
B: 4(l 2) + 4(w 2) + 4(h 2),
C: 2(l 2)(w 2) + 2(l 2)(h 2) + 2(w 2)
35 Probability
(h 2), Exercise 35.1 page 443
D: (l 2)(w 2)(h 2)
1. Students own drawing
Triangle count page 437 2. Students own answers
1. 9
2. Students investigation and ordered table
1. a) Qy b) Ty c) Qw d) Ty e)0 f)1
Number of Number of triangles 2. a)i)Qu ii)
Yu b)Total51
horizontal lines
3. a)w tQ p b) Qw c) w t p d)1
0 3
4. a) Ti b) Ei
1 6
5. a) q Q e b) w T y c) Ww Qy d) w E y
2 9
6. Qy
3 12
7. a)i)Qq p ii)Qr b)i)Qq o ii)Eq o

8. a) e Q u b) Ee Yu c) Qe Iu d) e Q u
3. n = 3(h + 1) e) We Qu f) Qe Wu g) Qe Uu h) Qe Qu
4. 12 9. a)RCARACCRACARARCACR
b) Qy c) Qe d) Qw e) w Q r
Solutions
10. a) Qr b) Er c) q Q e d) w Q y 2. a) 32 cards in pack

e) q E e f ) t Q w g) q T e h) q R e b) i) Qi ii) Ei iii)
Qr iv)
Qi v)
Qe Qw
3. a) q iQ p b) w Q p c) q Q w d) Wo e)1
4. a) e O w b) Ei c) We Qw
1. a)140
5. 128 red, 80 blue, 112 green
b)i)Q ii)
p iii)
Yu
2. a)32 6. a) E b) c)
b)i)q y ii)
e w iii)
Ei iv) Ti 7. a) 50000
b)You have to assume that all entrants have
3. a)70 an equal chance of winning.
b)i) ii) iii)
iv)

Exercise 35.4 page 448 36 Further

1. 2 probability
2. 25
3. a) q Q y b) q U y c) Qw d) Qq Ty e) Qq Qy
4. a) Qr Rt b) r U t c) Qe Ep d) q Q t e) Qq Rt 1. a)
Dice 1
5. 35 blue, 28 red, 21 yellow, 49 green, 7 white
1 2 3 4
6. 300
1 1, 1 2, 1 3, 1 4, 1
7. 14
Dice 2
2 1, 2 2, 2 3, 2 4, 2
8. 200 3 1, 3 2, 3 3, 3 4, 3
9. 2 4 1, 4 2, 4 3, 4 4, 4

Student assessment 1 page 449 b) Ar c) Ar d) q O y
1. a) Qy b) Ty c) We d)0 2.
6 1, 6 2, 6 3, 6 4, 6 5, 6 6, 6
2. a) Qr b) q Q e c) Qw d) q E e
e) q R e
5 1, 5 2, 5 3, 5 4, 5 5, 5 6, 5
3. a) w tQ p b) t Q p c) w W t d) q E p
e)1 4 1, 4 2, 4 3, 4 4, 4 5, 4 6, 4
4. a) Qr Qp b) Qi c) Qr d) Rt Die 22
Dice
5. 160 red, 96 blue, 64 green 3 1, 3 2, 3 3, 3 4, 3 5, 3 6, 3
6. a) b) c) w Q d)q t
2 1, 2 2, 2 3, 2 4, 2 5, 2 6, 2
e) AA
q f) g) p
7. a)The girls results are likely to be more 1 1, 1 2, 1 3, 1 4, 1 5, 1 6, 1
reliable as she repeated the experiment
more times.
b)It is likely that the dice is biased towards 1 2 3 4 5 6
the number 3. Dice 1
Die 1
Student assessment 2 page 450 a) Ae y b) Ay c) Aq i d) Ay e) Ar f) Er

1. a) Qi b) Ui c) Ti d)0 g) q i h) Ay i) AAq i
Solutions
Exercise 36.2 page 454 3. a)

W WWW
W L WWL
1. a) 1 111 D WWD
1 2 112 W WLW
3 113 W L L WLL
1 121 D WLD
1 2 2 122 W WDW
3 123 D L WDL
1 131 D WDD
3 2 132 W LWW
3 133 W L LWL
1 211 D LWD
1 2 212 W LLW
3 213 L L L LLL
1 221 D LLD
2 2 2 222 W LDW
3 223 D L LDL
1 231 D LDD
3 2 232 W DWW
3 233 W L DWL
1 311 D DWD
1 2 312 W DLW
3 313 D L L DLL
1 321 D DLD
3 2 2 322 W DDW
3 323 D L DDL
1 331 D DDD
3 2 332
3 333 b)i)wAuii)Aw P u iii)Aw O uiv) w I u
b)i)wAu ii)Aeiii) Ao iv)Aev) Go 4. a) DB DB DB

W DB W
DB
2. a) M MMMM LB DB LB
M P DB P
F MMMF
M DB W DB
M MMFM
F W WW
F MMFF W
M LB W LB
M MFMM P WP
M
F MFMF DB LB DB
F
M MFFM W LB W
F LB
F MFFF LB LB LB
M FMMM P LB P
M
F FMMF DB P DB
M W PW
M FMFM P
F LB P LB
F FMFF
F P PP
M FFMM
M
F FFMF b) i) qAyii)Ariii)Ai
F
M FFFM
F
F FFFF
b) i) Aq y ii) Di iii) Aq Ty iv) qGy
Solutions

1. a) 1. a)i)Et ii)Aq o
Roll 1 Roll 2 Outcomes Probability b)Infinite
Six 2. a)
Six, Six 1 2 3 4 5 6
Six
Not six Six, Not six H 1H 2H 3H 4H 5H 6H
Six Not six, Six T 1T 2T 3T 4T 5T 6T
Not six
Not six Not six, Not six b) i) qAw ii)
Ar iii)
Ar
3. a) A B
b) i) Ayii)AAe yiii)Ge yiv)AWw q Gyv) w O qAy
c) Add up to 1 B BB
B P BP
2. a) wFtb) GF
q w tc) q O w I t W BW
B PB
3. a) 0.35
L L, L, L
0.35 L P P PP
L 0.65 OT L, L, OT W PW
0.35 0.35 L L, OT, L
0.65 OT B WB
0.65 OT L, OT, OT P WP
W
0.35
L OT, L, L W WW
0.65 0.35 L
OT 0.65 OT OT, L, OT
0.35 L OT, OT, L b)i)qAyii)Aiiii)Ar
0.65 OT
0.65 OT OT, OT, OT 4. a)
0.5 H HHH
0.5 H
b) i) 0.275 (3 s.f.) ii) 0.123 (3 s.f.) 0.5 T HHT
H 0.5
iii) 0.444 (3 s.f.) iv) 0.718 (3 s.f.) 0.5 H HTH
0.5 T
0.5 T HTT
4. a) 0.0588 (3 s.f.) b) 0.0129 (3 s.f.) 0.5 H THH
c) 0.414 (3 s.f.) d) 0.586 (3 s.f.) 0.5 H
0.5 0.5 T THT
T 0.5
5. a) H TTH
B KB 0.5 T
0.5 T TTT
K M KM
L KL b)i)Ai ii) Ei iii)
Ai iv) Ui
K BK
B M BM 5. a) o b) SHw u c) Wo
L BL 6. a) q O y b) Aq y c) Ar
K MK
B MB 7. 0.00995 (3 s.f.)
M M MM
L ML
K LK
B LB
L
M LM
L LL
b) i) Aq tii) Aq tiii)Dt
6. 0.027
7. a) 0.752 (0.563)
b) 0.753 (0.422)
c) 0.7510 (0.056)
Solutions
Student assessment 2 page 458 Topic 8 Mathematical

1. a)
Dice 1 Probability drop page 460
1 2 3 4 5 6
1. Tray 1: LLL
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Tray 2: LLR LRL RLL
2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Tray 3: LRR RLR RRL
Tray 4: RRR
Dice 2
3 4 5 6 7 8 9
4 5 6 7 8 9 10
2. Tray 1: LLLL
Tray 2: LLLR LLRL LRLL RLLL
5 6 7 8 9 10 11 Tray 3: LLRR LRLR LRRL RLLR
6 7 8 9 10 11 12 RLRL RRLL
Tray 4: RRRL RRLR RLRR LRRR
b) i) eAy ii)
Ay iii) qAw iv) qJw Tray 5: RRRR
c) 25 1
3. 16
because there are 16 possible routes and
2. a)i)Ar ii) Di only one results in the marble landing in
b) i) yDr ii) iii) qJy iv)
Dy Or Tray 1.
4 1
3. a) 4. Tray 2: 16 = 4
B BB
6 3
B W BW Tray 3: 16 = 8
P BP 4 1
B WB Tray 4: 16 = 4
W W WW Tray 5: 16
1
P WP
5. Students investigation
b)i)qAy ii)
Di iii)
qDy iv)
Ji 210 105
6. 1024
= 512
4. a) qAw b) Ay c) Ay
7. Each number in each row of Pascals triangle
5. a)0.72 b)0.729 corresponds to the number of routes to
6. a) landing in each tray of the game.
0.6 H HHH
0.6 H 8. The binomial expansion generates the
0.4 T HHT
H 0.6 numbers in Pascals triangle and therefore the
0.6 H HTH
0.4 T number of routes to landing in each tray of the
0.4 T HTT
0.6 H
game.
THH
0.6 H
0.4 0.4 T THT
T 0.6 H TTH Dice sum page 461
0.4 T
0.4 T TTT 1.
b)i)0.216 ii)0.064 iii)0.648 Dice 1
7. a)i)0.8 ii)0.7 iii)0.3 1 2 3 4 5 6

b)i)0.06 ii)0.56 iii)0.38 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
2 3 4 5 6 7 8
3 4 5 6 7 8 9
Dice 2
4 5 6 7 8 9 10
5 6 7 8 9 10 11
6 7 8 9 10 11 12
Solutions
2. 36 3. Mean = 14 yrs 3 mths

3. 7 Median = 14 yrs 3 mths
3 1
Mode = 14 yrs 3 mths
4. 36
= 12 Range = 8 mths
5.
3
=
1 4. Mean = 26.4 Median = 27
36 6
Mode = 28 Range = 5
6. You are four times more likely to get a 5 than
5. Mean = 13.9 s (3 s.f.)
a 2.
Median = 13.9 s
7. Mode = 13.8 s
Dice 1 Range = 0.6 s
1 2 3 4 6. 91.1 kg
7. 103 points
1 2 3 4 5
2 3 4 5 6 Exercise 37.2 page 468

Dice 2
3 4 5 6 7 1. Mean = 3.35 Median = 3

4 5 6 7 8 Mode = 1 and 4 Range = 5
2. Mean = 7.03
8. 16
3. a) Mean = 6.33 (3 s.f.)
9. 5 Median = 7
4
10. 16 =
1 Mode = 8
4
Range = 5
11. Students investigation b) The mode, as it gives the highest number
m 1
12. a) m2 b) m + 1 c) = of flowers per bush
m
2
m
13. a) m n
b)The total can take any integer value in the
range n + 1 m + 1. 1. a)
n 1
c) = Height Frequency Mid-interval Frequency
nm m (m) value mid-interval
value
ICT activity: Buffons needle 1.8 2 1.85 3.7

experiment page 462 1.9 5 1.95 9.75
1.9. Students experiment and results entered in 2.0 10 2.05 20.5

a spreadsheet 2.1 22 2.15 47.3
2
10. The value of p should tend to . 2.2 7 2.25 15.75
2.32.4 4 2.35 9.4
37 ean, median,
M

b) Mean = 2.13 m (3 s.f.)
c) Modal class = 2.12.2 m
mode and range 2. a) Mean = 33 h (2 s.f.)
b) Modal class = 3039 h
3. a) Mean = 6.2 cm
1. Mean = 1.67 (3 s.f.) Median = 1 b) Modal class = 6.06.5 cm
Mode = 1 Range = 5
2. Mean = 6.2 Median = 6.5
Mode = 7 Range = 9
Solutions
Student assessment 1 page 470 3.

Fraction $ Degrees
1. a) Mean = 16
b) Median = 16.5 Clothes 1

3
800 120
c) Mode = 18
Transport 15 480 72
d) Range = 39
Ents. 14 600 90
2. a)28
13
b) i) Mean 7.75 Saved
60
520 78
ii) Median = 8
iii) Mode = 8
iv) Range = 5
3. a) Mean = 19
b) Modal class is 19 < M , 20

1. Mean = 86.8 m Median = 90.5 m
Mode = 93 m Range = 18 m
2. a) 26
b) i) Mean = 7.73 (3 s.f.)
ii)Median = 7.5 4. Male
iii)Mode = 10 Management
Social
iv)Range = 6 18% (65)
8% (29)
3. a)Mean 10.0 kg (3 s.f.)
Non-skilled
b) Modal class is 10.0 < M , 10.1 kg 12% (43)
Clerical
22% (79)
38 ollecting and
C
displaying data Skilled
24% (86)
Professional
16% (58)
Female
1.
Social
Sleep Meals Sport TV School 10% (36)
Non-skilled Management
Ayse 8 h 20 2h 5h 2h 6 h 40 24% (86) 4% (14)
Ahmet 8 h 40 2h 5 h 20 2h 6h
2.
Skilled Clerical
16% (58) 38% (137)
Professional
8% (29)
Music
a) Students own two statements

b)Professional58million38%5640000
Management58million34%5320000
Solutions

1. Students own survey results and pie charts
2. Students report

1. Students answers may differ from those given below.
a) Possible positive correlation (strength depending on topics tested)
b) No correlation
c) Positive correlation (likely to be quite strong)
d) Negative correlation (likely to be strong). Assume that motorcycles are not rare/vintage.
e) Factors such as social class, religion and income are likely to affect results.
Therefore little correlation is likely.
f) Negative correlation (likely to be strong)
g) 016 years likely to be a positive correlation
h) Strong positive correlation
2. a) Sunshine and rainfall correlation
160
140
Rainfall (mm)
120
100
80
60
40
20
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14
Sunshine (hours)
b) G
raph shows a very weak negative correlation.
3. a)
Adult illiteracy and infant
mortality correlation
140
Infant mortality per 1000
120
100
80
60
40
20
0 20 40 60 80
Adult illiteracy (%)
b) Positive correlation
c) Students answer. However, although there is a correlation, it doesnt imply that one variable affects
the other
Solutions
d) Female and male life expectancy correlation

90
80
Male life expectancy
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
Female life expectancy
4. a) Moderate/strong positive correlation

b) Approx. 31 tomatoes
c) Approx. 60cm

1. a)
1.
9 Time (min) 0 10 15 20 25 30 4060
8
Freq. 6 3 13 7 3 4 4
7
6 Freq. density 0.6 0.6 2.6 1.4 0.6 0.4 0.2
Frequency
5
b)
4
3 2.6
2.4
2
2.2
1
Frequency density
2.0
1.8
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 1.6
Distance (km) 1.4
1.2
2. 1.0
8 0.8
7 0.6
0.4
6 0.2
Frequency
5 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60
4 Time (min)
3
2
1
145 150 155 160 165 170 175 180 185

Height (cm)
Solutions
2. a) 4. a)
Time (min) Frequency Frequency density
7
0 < t , 30 8 0.3
Frequency density
6
30 < t , 45 5 0.3 5
4
45 < t , 60 8 0.5
3
60 < t , 75 9 0.6 2
75 < t , 90 10 0.7 1
90 < t , 120 12 0.4 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80

Age (years)
b)
b) Students own answers
0.8
0.7
Frequency density
0.6
1. 90
0.5
80
0.4
70
Area (10 000 km 2)
0.3
60
0.2
50
0.1
40
0 15 30 45 60 75 9
0 105 120 30
Time (min) 20
10
3. a) 0
Nigera Republic South Kenya
Age (years) 0 1 5 10 20 40 6090
of Congo Sudan
Freq. 35 48 140 180 260 280 150
Freq. density 35 12 28 18 13 14 5
2. a) Distance travelled and time
b) taken correlation
36
50
32
40
Time (min)
28
Frequency density
24 30
20 20
16 10
12
0 5 10 15 20 25 30
8
4 Distance (km)
b) (Strong) positive correlation
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 9
0 c) It depends on their mode of transport.
Age (years)
Solutions
d) Distance travelled and time 2. a) Gloves sold and outside

taken correlation temperature correlation
50 70
Number of pairs of gloves

40 60
Time (min)
30 50
20 40
10 30
20
0 5 10 15 20 25 30
Distance (km) 10

e) Approx. 9.5 km 0 5 10 15 20 25 30
3. a) Mean outside temperature

(C)
Age Number Frequency density
b)Negative correlation
Juniors 0 32 2 c) Students own answer
d) Gloves sold and outside
Intermediates 16 80 16
temperature correlation
Full members 21 273 7
70
Number of pairs of gloves
Seniors 6080 70 3.5
60
b) 50
40
16
30
14
Frequency density
20
12
10
10
8 0 5 10 15 20 25 30
6 Mean outside temperature
(C)
4
2
Approx. 30 pairs
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 3. a)
Age (years)
Points 0 5 10 15 25 3550
Student assessment 2 page 490 Number of

games
2 3 8 9 12 3
1. America Africa Freq. density 0.4 0.6 1.6 0.9 1.2 0.2
(48.4) (52.4)
920 995
Oceania
Europe (1.8)
(39.5) 35
750
Asia
(218)
4140
Solutions
b) 2. a)
2.0
1.8 Class A Class B Class C
1.6 Score
Cum. Cum. Cum.
Freq. Freq. Freq.
Frequency density
1.4 freq. freq. freq.
1.2 0 < x , 20 1 1 0 0 1 1
1.0 20 < x , 40 5 6 0 0 2 3
0.8
40 < x , 60 6 12 4 4 2 5
0.6
60 < x , 80 3 15 4 8 4 9
0.4
0.2 80 < x , 100 3 18 4 12 8 17
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 b) Class A
Points 18
16
39 Cumulative
Cumulative frequency
14
frequency 12
10
8
1. a) 4
Finishing 2
0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.03.5
time (h)
0 20 40 60 80 100
Freq. 0 0 6 34 16 3 1 Test score
Cum. freq. 0 0 6 40 56 59 60
Class B
b)
60 18
16
50
14
12
40
10

30 8
6
20
4
10 2
0 20 40 60 80 100
0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5 Test score
Finishing time (h)
c)Median 1.8 h
d)As many runners finished before as after
the median.
Solutions
b) 2007
Class C
30
18
28
16
26
14
24
12
22
10
20
8
18
6
16
4
14
2
12
0 20 40 60 80 100 10
Test score
8
6
c) Class A median 50
Class B median 70 4
Class C median 78 2
d)As many students were above as below the
median. 150 155 160 165 170 175 180 185
3. a) Height (cm)
2007 2008 2009 2008

Height (cm)
Cum. Cum. Cum. 30
Freq. Freq. Freq.
freq. freq. freq.
28
150 6 6 2 2 2 2 26
155 8 14 9 11 6 8 24
160 11 25 10 21 9 17 22
20
165 4 29 4 25 8 25
18
170 1 30 3 28 2 27
16
175 0 30 2 30 2 29 14
180185 0 30 0 30 1 30 12
10
8
6
4
2
150 155 160 165 170 175 180 185

Height (cm)
Solutions
2009 b)
30
40
28
36
26
32
24
28
22
24
20
20
18
16
16
12
14
8
12
4
10 0 20 40 60 80 100
8 Distance thrown (m)
6
c) Qualifying distance 66 m
4 d) Inter-quartile range 28 m
2 e)Median 50 m
150 155 160 165 170 175 180 185

4. a)
Height (cm) Type A
Mass (g) Frequency Cum. freq.

c) Median (2007) 161 cm
Median (2008) 162 cm 75 4 4
Median (2009) 164 cm
100 7 11
d)As many students are taller than the
median as shorter than the median. 125 15 26
Exercise 39.2 page 495 150 32 58
175 14 72
1. a) Class A 30 Class B 30 Class C 40
b) Students own responses 200 6 78
2. a)2007 7 cm 2008 8 cm 2009 8 cm
225250 2 80
b) Students own responses
3. a)
Type B
Distance
0 20 40 60 80100
thrown (m) Mass (g) Frequency Cum. freq.
Freq. 4 9 15 10 2 75 0 0
Cum. freq. 4 13 28 38 40 100 16 16
125 43 59
150 10 69
175 7 76
200 4 80
225250 0 80
Solutions
b) Student assessment 1 page 497

Type A
1. a)
80
Mark 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90100
70
Freq. 2 3 5 7 6 4 2 1
60
50 Cum. freq. 2 5 10 17 23 27 29 30
40
30 b)
20 32
10 28
24
0 75 100 125 150 175 200 225 250 20
Mass (g)
16
Type B 12
8
80
4
70
60 0 20 40 60 80 100
50 Exam mark (%)
40
c)i) Median 57%
30 ii) Lower quartile 45%
20 Upper quartile 69%
10 iii) Inter-quartile range 24%
2. a)
0 75 100 125 150 175 200 225 250
Mark (%) Frequency Cumulative frequency
Mass (g)
3140 21 21
c) Median type A 157 g
Median type B 137 g 4150 55 76
d) i) Lower quartile type A 140 g
5160 125 201
Lower quartile type B 127 g
ii) Upper quartile type A 178 g 6170 74 275
Upper quartile type B 150 g
iii) Inter-quartile type range type A 38 g 7180 52 327
Inter-quartile type range type B 23 g 8190 45 372
e) Students own report
91100 28 400
5. a) Students own explanation
b) Students own explanation
Solutions
b) c) A grade 75%
d) Lower boundary 66%
400 Upper boundary 72%
350 e) Inter-quartile range 25%
300
250
200
150
100 Heights and percentiles page 499
50 1. Approx. 167cm
0 20 40 60 80 100 2. Approx. 168cm (Note: This corresponds to
Exam mark (%) the 25th percentile not the 75th.)

c) i)Median 60% 3. Approx. 151cm
ii)Lower quartile 52% 4. Students calculations could include mean,
Upper quartile 73% median, inter-quartile range and comparisons
iii)Inter-quartile range 21% with printed charts.
3. a) 5. It is likely that different cultures have
Mark (%) Frequency Cumulative frequency
different charts as some races are taller on
average than others.
110 10 10
1120 30 40
Reading ages page 501
1. Possible answers include length of sentences,
2130 40 80
number of words with 3 or more syllables, size
3140 50 130 of type, etc.
4150 70 200 2. Students choices
5160 100 300 3. Students calculations

4. Students should choose articles on a similar
6170 240 540
topic. Ignore proper nouns. Choose more than
7180 160 700 one article from each paper.
8190 70 770
ICT activity page 501
91100 30 800
1.6. Students data, graph and comparisons
b)
800
700
600
500
400
300
200
100
0 20 40 60 80 100
Exam mark (%)

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Solutions

2. a)Irrational b)Irrational c)Rational

Exercise 1.1 page 5 Exercise 1.7 page 9

5. a)15 b)0.1 c)0.9 4. a) 130 b) 80 c) 9

7. a) 3 b)100 c) 45 Answers to Q.6 and 7 may vary slightly from those

d) i) Lower bound54950 2. a) Lower bound 56.7

7. Lower bound59.0cm (1d.p.) 5. 0.0035

Exercise 3.2 page 26 Student assessment 2 page 29

4 I ntegers, fractions, Exercise 4.5 page 34

Exercise 4.2 page 31 Exercise 4.6 page 35

41 0.25 25 2. a)2 Wt b)6 Qw c)8 Qt d)3 Er e)10 Qw Qp

Exercise 4.11 page 40 5 Further

Exercise 5.1 page 44

8. a)6 Qw b) w Q t c)3 Qw Ep d) 3 q Qw t 4. Red 35.5% Blue 31.0% White 17.7%

1. a)187.5 b)322 c)7140

3. a)20% b)80% c)110% Student assessment 3 page 50

5. 16% profit 7. a)450 b) 75 c) 120

Student assessment 2 page 49 Exercise 6.2 page 54

4. a) 29.2% (3s.f.) b) 21.7% (3s.f.) 3. a) 16.8 litres

Exercise 6.3 page 55 6. 32

3. 3.25:1.75 Exercise 6.6 page 58

4. a) 30 rows b) 42 chairs 8. Girl $1040 Boy $960

5. 6h 40min 9. 24, 60, 96

6. 4 10. a) 15s b) 8 copiers

8. 150 Exercise 7.3 page 64

3. a) 0.008 b) 0.00042 c) 0.0903 Student assessment 3 page 72

1. a)4 b)5 c)10 d)3 e)9 f)10 b) 63106 8.23105 5.23104

3. a)800 b)27 b) 4.3531024 8.531023 4.8

d)6 e)32342 f)1 5. a) 3 b) 9 c) 23

1. a)22335 b) 214 8. 2.84

Exercise 8.5 page 80

2. $52 087.50 6. 2.10 a.m. on Wednesday

3. $10 368 7. 2145

4. 1331 students 8. 1115

5. 3 276 800 tonnes Student assessment 1 page 86

Student assessment 1 page 83 4. 11 h 5 min

1. a) 2880 rupees b)HK$83.33 Student assessment 2 page 86

e) i) Triangle numbers 4. a) %5{a, b, p, q, r, s, t}

Exercise 10.3 page 91 Morocco Egypt Iraq

1. a) True b) True c) False Turkey

Student assessment 3 page 95

Washington Cairo Pretoria

3. a)Let the number liking only cricket be x.

3. a) (y1x)(x14) b) (x22)(x2y) 3. a) (x112)(x12) b) (x18)(x13)

Exercise 11.15 page 114 3a 1 2b

pr 2 p x 1 xy mn 1 m Student assessment 2 page 119

Student assessment 4 page 121 12 Algebraic indices

3. a) 5.39cm (3s.f.) Student assessment 2 page 126

d)i) 9x1455360 ii) x535

5. a) x515 b) x525 c) x57.5 2. a) x53 y52 b) x57 y54

Exercise 13.5 page 135 5. a) 24 and 3 b) 26 and 22 c) 29 and 4

Exercise 13.6 page 137 Exercise 13.9 page 140

0 1 2 3 3 3.5 4 4.5 5 5.5

3 3.5 4 4.5 5 5.5

Student assessment 4 page 146 4. b) 0.44 and 4.56 (2d.p.)

Exercise 14.2 page 150

Student assessment 6 page 148

4. a)3L,9 S,6 L1S10 c)Students own answer

b) 4. a)12,A1E,20 A,10 EA13

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 L c)Students own answers

3. a) x,4 y.2 x1y8 b)

Exercise 15.3 page 161 4. a) u5 = 27, u100 = 597

ii) 162, 486

d) i) Lower bound54950 2. a) Lower bound 56.7

4 I ntegers, fractions, Exercise 4.5 page 34

Exercise 4.11 page 40 5 Further

3. a)Let the number liking only cricket be x.

Student assessment 4 page 121 12 Algebraic indices

d)i) 9x1455360 ii) x535

4. a)3L,9 S,6 L1S10 c)Students own answer

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 L c)Students own answers

Exercise 16.3 page 171 17 raphs in practical

b)If the customer uses under 200 units/

250 200 150 100 50 0 50

2 1 1 2 3 4 x Exercise 18.4 page 193

4. a) b) x520.4, 0.5, 2.4 9. a) 101

3. a) y b)i) x523.7 and 2.7 ii) x521.8 and 2.8

Student assessment 3 page 201 3. a) b)i)5.5ii)22.5

ICT activity 1 page 211 20 Geometrical

Exercise 23.1 page 241 24 Angle properties