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U Contant U Page No
OSPF Operations? 12
OSPF Packets?
Hello Message?
Link State Request?
Database Description?
Link State Acknowledgment?
Detail of Hello Message? 13
Establishment Neighbors & Exchanging Routes?
Down State?
Init State?
Two-way State?
Exstart State? 14
Loading State?
Full State?
Designated Router in OSPF?
Selection of DR & BDR? 15
Quick View:
Open Standard.
Only IP base routing not IPX or Apple TAC like EIGRP.
Classless Routing Protocol. (CIDR Supported)
Support VLSM.
Link state routing protocol. (Only Update send)
1) No Feasible Successor.
2) No unequal load balancing.
3) OSPF Cost based upon bandwidth.
OSPF Routers aappas my Hello Message ko send karty hy apni neighbor relationship ko build karny k
ley. Her 1 router apny neighbor router ko learn karta hy us ki RID sy yani Router ID or us ki Cost sy. Or
wo uski neighbor information ko save rakhta hy apny Adjency Database my.
IMPORTANT POINT:
OSFP my ap 1 Area k ander 50 sy 100 routers tak connect kar sakty hy ye hamary network design py
depend karta hy.
OSPF Features:
U
OSPF Areas:
Several Types of Ares in OSPF.
Backbone Area:
Area 0 hamara Backbone Area hota hai jo k sary Areas sy Direct connected hota hy.
Regular Area:
Wo Routers jo backbone area my nahi hoty wo regular area my hoty hy like Area 1 or Area 2 or in
k database my Internal Routes bhi hoty hy or External Routes bhi.
Stub Area:
Stub Area k database my sirf default routes hoty hy or internal routes ki information hoti hy.
Is k database my Internal Routes hoty hy, Redistributed Routes hoty hy jo is k routes sy connected
hoty hy. Or optionally hy k hum is my default route bhi agar rakhna chahye tu rakh sakty hai.
Totally NSSA:
Internal Routes: Jo routers 1 hi Area k ander ho unhy Internal Routers khty hy.
ABR Routers : Jo Router 1 Area sy nikal kar kessi dosry Area sy Connect hu unhyArea Border
Routers khty hy
ASBR Routers : jo Routers apny Area k sath connect hu or kessi or Domain k sath bhi connected ho ya
kessi protocol k sath like EIGRP to wo routers ASBR (Autonomous System Border
Router) router khlaty hy.
Virtual Links : Essy Router jo k direct connect nahi ho sakty Backbone Area sy to essy my hum ABR
router per Virtual Links create karty hy or then pher unhy Backbone Area sy connect karty
hy. But that is a temporary solution.
On Router 3
R3(config-router)# router ospf 1
R3(config-router)# area 1 virtual-link 10.10.10.10
Verify Virtual-links
R3# show ip ospf virtual-links
U
LSA Operation:
Her LSA 1 sequence number k sath hoti hy or 1 time k bad auto send hoti hy or iska default timer 30
minute hota hy. Her router 30 minute k bad LSA ko send or dosray routers sy Receive bhi karty hy. Jab
routers LSA ko receive karty hy to pher wo ussy apny LSDB sy compare karty hy agar wo LSA new
hoti hy to wo ussy apny LSDB yani (Topology Table) mai save/add kar lyty hy or pher SPF algorithm
ko run karty hy. Agar router k pass uski router ID phly sy hi hoti hy to wo pher LSA ka sequence number
apny oldest LSA k sequence number k sath match karty hy or then changing ovewrite karty hy agar wo
new hoti hy to wo porani LSA ko discard kar k new LSA ko update kar lyty hy.
Ye LSA sirf 1 hi Area k ander Flood hoti hy ABR router ko Cross nahi karti. Or ye O Prefix sy
Show hoti hy Routing Table my.
Network LSA sirf DR router yani Designated Router hi send karty hy or ye hamesha Broadcast karty
hy. Lekin ye LSA bhi 1 hi Area k ander Flood hoti hy ABR Router ko Cross naih karti. Or ye bhi
O Prefix sy Show hoti hy Routing Table my.
Ye LSA pory Network my Flood hoti ABR Routers ko bhi Cross kar jati hy or ye LSA ABR Router
generate karty hy or apni Router ID laga k essy agye send karty hy. Or ye O IA Prefix sy Show
hoti hy Routing Table mai.
Is LSA sy tamam Area ko ye pata lagta hy k ASBR (Autonomous System Boundary Route) Router
kaha laga hy or us ki Router ID kia hy. QK is Summary LSA my Router ID ASBR ki hoti hy or bakki
routers bhi ASBR ki Router ID laga k hi agye send karty hy. Or ye bhi O IA Prefix sy Show hoti
hy Routing Table mai.
Is LSA my ASBR khud Poray Network my Network ki Update ko Flood karty hy ABR router nahi
karty. Or ye 2 prefix sy show hoti hy routing table my pory network my jab ye LSA pass hoti hy to
is ky Matrix bhi increase hoty hy her router py. To ye LSA show hoti hy O EI sy or O E2.
Ye LSA OSPF jab use karta hy jab OSPF or BGP k darmiyan Connectivity hu.
(O IA) prefix sy dosray Area k router my show hogi. (O EI) prefix sy External
Routes my show hogi.
OSPF Operations:
OSPF Different type k Messages ko use karta hy apny Neighbor Relationship ko build karny k ley or
correct routing information ko get karny k ley. Or OSPF packets type or neighbors Relationship kessy
build karta hy ye janna bhut zarori hy which mention below.
OSPF Packets:
OSPF use five types of packets ye apny packet ko UDP ya TCP my Forward nahi karta OSPF ki transport
us k apny OSPF road map sy forward hoti hy or ye IP (protocol number 89) py apny OSPF header laga
k data aagye forward karta hy.
Hello Message:
Build a Neighbor Relationship & send a Keep alive message.
Database Description:
Is Message my database ki pori summary hoti hy. Including Router ID or her LSA ka
sequence number bhi hota hy us k LSDB my.
NOTE:
OSPF Traffic Multicast hoti hy 2 addresses py OSPF k jo sary Routers hy wo Packet ko Multicast karty
hy 224.0.0.5 address py or OSPF my jo Designated Router hoty hy wo message ko Multicast karty hy
224.0.0.6 address py.
Init State : Jab Routers apny sary interfaces py Hello Messge ko Send kar raha hota hy.
Two-way State: Jab Router Hello Message ko receive karty hy dosray router sy jis my us ki
Router ID bhi hoti hy Or agar sari requirements pori hoti hy routers Neighbors
ban jaty hy.
Exstart State : Jab Router apny Routes ko exchange karta hy to wo ye dekhta hy k kis ny phly
exchanging process start kia hy.
Full State : Jab router k database my us k neighbor ki sari information hoti hy to wo Full
State my hota hy.
us k bad hum kessi single interface py bhi OSPF ka process run kar sakty hy like.
R1(config)# int s0/0/0
R1(config-router)# ip ospf 8 area 0
(if priority is same so the 1st higher IP is DR router & 2nd higher IP is BDR Router)
(Agar apni marzi sy DR Router bannana ho tu us router ki priority increase kar dygy jaissy
DR Router bannana hu)
(Router ki priority set karny k bad OSPF process ko clear kary gy taky sary router pher sy
OSPF k process ko run kary or New DR router ko select kary)
(Or agar hum kessi Router ki priority 0 kar dy gy to wo router na to kabhi DR router
bannye ga or na hi BDR Router banny ga wo as a Other Router hi act kary ga)
R1# debug ip ospf packet view all the OSPF packet in Real Time.
R1# show ip ospf neighbors See the neighbor table so command is. (This
command also show the Designated Router &
Backup Designated Router)
R1# show ip route ospf If you want to filter the Routing Table & show
only that routes who learn OSPF Process.
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