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LOW VISIBILITY OPERATIONS Page 1
A320
TABLE OF CONTENTS Issue 12 SEP 2014
FLIGHT CREW TRAINING PROGRAM
18.01 - INTRODUCTION
Standard Crew
Crew of two Captains
Crew of two F/O
CONTENT_EF18.doc
E F18 18.00
LOW VISIBILITY OPERATIONS Page 2
A320
TABLE OF CONTENTS Issue 12 SEP 2014
FLIGHT CREW TRAINING PROGRAM
CONTENT_EF18.doc
E F18 18.01
LOW VISIBILITY OPERATIONS Page 1
A320
INTRODUCTION Issue 12 SEP 2014
FLIGHT CREW TRAINING PROGRAM
01 - GENERAL
The Airbus Low Visibility Operations (L.V.O.) course is designed as a Low Visibility Training Course for Airbus
aircraft, following the requirements laid down in EU Air operation Regulation Annex V subpart E: Part-SPA.LVO,
and in accordance with the EASA Aircrew regulation. The course is compliant with the section 6 of the Appendix
9 to Part-FCL.
The instructor has to fill in the Practical Training part in the section 6 of the TRF (Training and Report Form).
As this course is generic, it may need to be supplemented by the specific rules of the operator to fulfill the
requirements of an operators course
02 - COURSE DURATION
03 - COURSE PREPARATION
INTRO_EF18.doc
E F18 18.01
LOW VISIBILITY OPERATIONS Page 2
A320
INTRODUCTION Issue 12 SEP 2014
FLIGHT CREW TRAINING PROGRAM
The CBT self study is available on the All Aircraft Common Flight Crew Courses - DVD. This CBT
contains a detailed presentation covering the following topics:
Definitions
Weather
Airport/Ground Equipment
Aircraft Technical Considerations
Crew Requirements
Normal Operating Procedures
Abnormal Operating Procedures
Knowledge of the CBT is essential to commence and conduct the simulator training. The trainee must
therefore complete the CBT before starting the session. He will sign the sheet on the next page and
provide it to the instructor during the briefing.
There will be no formal tests to verify the trainees knowledge, but some multiple choice questions will be
discussed at the beginning of the FFS Briefing as a review of the successful completion of the CBT.
If during the session briefing the Instructor gets the impression that the theoretical knowledge of the
trainees is inadequate or that the CBT has not been performed, he shall discontinue the training and file a
Progress Incident Report. The Head of Training of the ATO will conduct further action.
INTRO_EF18.doc
E F18 18.01
LOW VISIBILITY OPERATIONS Page 3
A320
INTRODUCTION Issue 12 SEP 2014
FLIGHT CREW TRAINING PROGRAM
I .(name) certify, that I have studied all course documents (including the DVD
LVO course) concerning L.V.O. thoroughly and I am ready to commence practical training.
Signature .. Date
INTRO_EF18.doc
E F18 18.01
LOW VISIBILITY OPERATIONS Page 4
A320
INTRODUCTION Issue 12 SEP 2014
FLIGHT CREW TRAINING PROGRAM
INTRO_EF18.doc
E F18 18.02
LOW VISIBILITY OPERATIONS Page 1
A320
TRAINING FOOTPRINT Issue 12 SEP 2014
FLIGHT CREW TRAINING PROGRAM
A. STANDARD CREW
DAY 1
CBT 3:00
FFS session :
1x 1:00 Briefing
Training practice 3:00
DAY 1
CBT 3:00
FFS session :
1x 1:00 Briefing
Training practice 4:00
DAY 1
CBT 3:00
FFS session :
1x 1:00 Briefing
Training practice 4:00
FOOTPRINT_EF18.doc
E F18 18.02
LOW VISIBILITY OPERATIONS Page 2
A320
TRAINING FOOTPRINT Issue 12 SEP 2014
FLIGHT CREW TRAINING PROGRAM
FOOTPRINT_EF18.doc
E F18 18.03
LOW VISIBILITY OPERATIONS FFS_STDT Page 1
A320
TRAINING SYLLABI Issue 12 SEP 2014
FLIGHT CREW TRAINING PROGRAM
LFZZ 27005KT Visi /Ceiling :Per syllabus 2/1 Q1020 LOW VISIBILITY TAKE-OFF
FFS_STDT_EF18.doc
E F18 18.03
LOW VISIBILITY OPERATIONS FFS_STDT Page 2
A320
TRAINING SYLLABI Issue 12 SEP 2014
FLIGHT CREW TRAINING PROGRAM
FFS_STDT_EF18.doc
E F18 18.03
LOW VISIBILITY OPERATIONS FFS_STDT Page 3
A320
TRAINING SYLLABI Issue 12 SEP 2014
FLIGHT CREW TRAINING PROGRAM
01 - SESSION OBJECTIVE
To complete L.V.O. training so that the crew reaches the required level of proficiency for CAT II / III
approaches and low visibility taxi and take-off operations. F/O autoland training in case of captains
incapacitation.
02 - TRAINING TOPICS
A. INTRODUCE
CAT II / III approaches and low visibility taxi and take-off training.
B. EXERCISES / REFERENCES
C. SUPPORT
FCOM
CBT: Self study course Low Visibility Operations (LVO).
PDP: L.V.O
Getting to grips with CAT II / III operations on DVD (Additional documentation chapter)
03 - COMPETENCIES CRITERIA
All criteria
FFS_STDT_EF18.doc
E F18 18.03
LOW VISIBILITY OPERATIONS FFS_STDT Page 4
A320
TRAINING SYLLABI Issue 12 SEP 2014
FLIGHT CREW TRAINING PROGRAM
BRIEFING GUIDE
Ask trainees about any open questions after conducting the CBT course and collect the statement that
they have completed the courseware (page 18.02.1).
Both pilots have to be familiar with the intended Taxi Route before starting Taxi (Briefing).
Crew has to pay special attention to Hot Spots (Areas of possible error/conflict with other traffic) and
identify them on the airport chart.
Use all means to identify T/O Runway - e.g. switch LS to on and monitor LLZ centering when lining
up (if RWY ILS equipped) - off again when lined up to get yaw bar.
Describe function and use of Yaw Bar (NOTE: YAW-BAR will appear only if the ILS/LOC is available
for the same RWY direction) and thrust is advanced.
Use TCAS before entering runway to check the approach area clear and / or the preceding A/C has
vacated the RWY.
FFS_STDT_EF18.doc
E F18 18.03
LOW VISIBILITY OPERATIONS FFS_STDT Page 5
A320
TRAINING SYLLABI Issue 12 SEP 2014
FLIGHT CREW TRAINING PROGRAM
Common Errors
- No thorough preparation of both pilots before starting taxi manoeuvers
- Taxi speed to fast
- One or both pilots head down/doing checklists etc.
- PNF not ready to brake
- Not considering Take Off alternate
INSTRUCTOR ONLY
C. Approach Preparation
The preparation for the approach should start with a brief review of the elements that have to be
considered before starting an LVO:
Aircraft
Airport
Crew
Weather
Aircraft
- Certified for the intended operation (where to find? - FCOM Limitations).
- Technical Status must allow the LVO (where to find? - Aircraft Log, MEL for preflight check -
ECAM and QRH for in-flight failures).
- Limits for autoland: Check FCOM/LIM-22
Attention: for mixed fleet operation pilots : A320, A330, A340, A380 have different limitations
Airport
INSTRUCTOR ONLY
- To be certified for LVO (where to find? - Route Documentation).
- Low Visibility Procedures must be in force (Check ATIS or ask ATC to confirm).
Crew
- Both pilots must be qualified for LVO.
- LVO certification must be current (Crew Briefing!).
Weather
- Check RVR to be above company LVO limit.
- Check local requirements (e.g. some states require also Ceiling to be above a certain limits).
- Always plan for the full use of automation and brief for downgrade options (e.g. plan for CAT
III dual autoland even when the minimum is CAT II).
- Check endurance to hold and diversion options.
Common Errors
- Not checking Technical Aircraft Log if there is a LVO restriction
- Not confirming that Low Visibility Procedures are enforced by the ATC/Airport
- Not planning for the lowest possible minimum
FFS_STDT_EF18.doc
E F18 18.03
LOW VISIBILITY OPERATIONS FFS_STDT Page 6
A320
TRAINING SYLLABI Issue 12 SEP 2014
FLIGHT CREW TRAINING PROGRAM
Task sharing
- CM1 is PF, and supervises the approach. When below 350 ft (100 ft if NODH), he starts to look
for visual reference. CM2 is PNF and monitors the AFS. He is head down until roll out is
completed
- Mention importance of CM2 especially below 400ft (he has to check the flight path and the
Autoflight Modes, call deviations, Takeover in case of incapacitation of CM 1).
INSTRUCTOR ONLY
Autobrake is recommended
- LAND Mode to be checked (called out) ; if not available: G/A (at 350 ft).
- ILS Course on PFD to be in agreement with published figure (at 350 ft).
- RETARD: Brief the difference between the RETARD call for autoland and manual landing:
In manual landing RETARD is a reminder, in autoland with ATHR RETARD is an ORDER (no
retard of thrust levers before RETARD call).
INSTRUCTOR ONLY
- Reverse on main wheel touch down. Remind that 2 items have to be done manually in
Autoland: Reverse and A/P disconnect after Rollout.
Common Errors
FFS_STDT_EF18.doc
E F18 18.03
LOW VISIBILITY OPERATIONS FFS_STDT Page 7
A320
TRAINING SYLLABI Issue 12 SEP 2014
FLIGHT CREW TRAINING PROGRAM
INSTRUCTOR ONLY
- aircraft is stabilized before 1000 ft AAL
The approach may be continued
This does not impair the emergency authority of the commander - e.g. low fuel, cabin fire
- Description :
Facilitates decision making
Is active below 200 ft
Is required for all Autoland Approaches
INSTRUCTOR ONLY
Both A/P fail or
Both LLZ or GP receivers fail
Both LLZ or GP transmitters fail
Difference between RA is more than 15 feet
Aircraft gets too far of the beam (LOC and G/S Flash on PFD)
- ATTENTION: there are failures that are not monitored by the autoland light but nevertheless
require a G/A. e.g. Eng failure above Alert Height.
Common Errors
- Not realizing the distinction between Autoland Light and Alert Height.
- Not observing FMA that a mode change did not take place (LAND, FLARE, ROLL OUT).
FFS_STDT_EF18.doc
E F18 18.03
LOW VISIBILITY OPERATIONS FFS_STDT Page 8
A320
TRAINING SYLLABI Issue 12 SEP 2014
FLIGHT CREW TRAINING PROGRAM
SESSION GUIDE
The scenario starts with Demo-Parts and one Ops part. The Demo-parts show
INSTRUCTOR ONLY
1. The various visual aspects at different minima and in different ambient conditions
2. Various failures on final approach.
For the Demo-Parts extensive use of repositioning and freeze functions should be made.
The Ops part should be conducted in real-time; no reposition on final, no freeze and no slew should
be used (with exception of repetitions of unsatisfactory items). The crew shall have the opportunity to
experience the different tasks in real time and assimilate the various failures they encounter.
Short vectors are appropriate and will allow the completion of the program within the given timeframe.
For better time management the Captain may advise "Briefing as before except." This is acceptable
for this session.
Altering the program should be avoided (exercises are legal requirements of EASA).
Incapacitation of pilot exercises :
F/Os are given the opportunity to conduct one Autoland approach with Captain incapacitated. Target
INSTRUCTOR ONLY
of the exercise is not to train LVO single pilots operation, but to give the F/O the demonstration and
confidence that an Autoland (also in good weather conditions) is a reasonable option if the other pilot
becomes incapacitated. Legally the F/O succeeds in the command of the aircraft and would even be
allowed to conduct LVO approaches exercising his Emergency Command Authority.
To distinguish this exercise from LVO training, increase weather to CAT I or better for this approach.
For Captains, only the initial handling of the incapacitation is sufficient (no approach).
The session ends with an uneventful CAT III Approach with NO DH and taxi in. Thus a positive
training effect will be reinforced after training the various failure cases.
FFS_STDT_EF18.doc
E F18 18.03
LOW VISIBILITY OPERATIONS FFS_STDT Page 9
A320
TRAINING SYLLABI Issue 12 SEP 2014
FLIGHT CREW TRAINING PROGRAM
1 Ensure that the trainees do not waste time in setting-up the cockpit. An appropriate take-off
alternate has to be announced by the crew.
2 RVR 125m (or lowest Take Off minimum of the customer), watch that both pilots are head up and
show good CRM in LVO, no administrative work, no checklist during motion of the aircraft
INSTRUCTOR ONLY
3 90 meters visual segment has to be confirmed by the pilots before starting T/O roll (Refer to EASA
AMC and GM to Part-SPA Subpart E)
4 Reposition on long final, demonstration of visual segments (adapt minima to lowest minima of
customer if required)
- Freeze the approach at DH 200 ft and review visual segment (day and night)
- Ask crew to switch landing lights ON and OFF to show the change in visual cues.
- Vary the flight deck lighting to illustrate the necessity of low intensity
and review visual segment (day and night, lights on and off))
It is recommended to turn off the motion before unfreezing the SIM at 20ft as on some
simulators the motion will be disturbed by the freeze at very low altitude. Release simulator
and perform a Go Around
INSTRUCTOR ONLY
5 Setup:
- Set DH 20ft
- You may freeze the simulator for failures not depending on aircraft movement, to show
the mode switching and the change on displays
- Freeze the Simulator after G/A (acceleration height) and reposition to T/O for next
exercise (Note: Demo counts as first LVO Approach)
- The PFD and ND (rose ILS mode) display red LOC and G/S flags
- LOC and G/S scales disappear from PFD.
- If LOC or G/S modes are engaged and at least one AP/FD is engaged:
- the APs disengage.
- the FDs revert to HDG-V/S or TRK - FPA mode.
FFS_STDT_EF18.doc
E F18 18.03
LOW VISIBILITY OPERATIONS FFS_STDT Page 10
A320
TRAINING SYLLABI Issue 12 SEP 2014
FLIGHT CREW TRAINING PROGRAM
6 Brief the crew that visibility will be reduced to zero above 100 kts to illustrate the effectiveness and
convenience of the YAW-BAR for directional control
(NOTE : YAW-BAR will appear only if the ILS/LOC is available for the Runway used)
On downwind select BRAKES BSCU Channel 2 fault. Crew has to consult the QRH to verify that
this system is monitored by the FMGS and that CAT III dual capability is still available.
The aircraft reverts to CAT 3 single capability in the event of one engine failed, due to the loss of
electrical power split (device ensuring that both FMGCs are powered by independent electrical
sources). Even if the APU generator is used, the FMGCs electrical supply split is not recoverable,
INSTRUCTOR ONLY
9 For F/O Take Off select 400m RVR (or Company minimum if different). Fail Autopilot #1 and
ATHR# 1 after Liftoff
10 Show crew that STS reverts to CAT III single and that landing capability changes to CAT II
when arming the APP and selecting second A/P (reason : FMGS # 1 is master when 2 A/P
engaged)
Select A/P 2 only to regain CAT III single
Select weather 0/0. AP and FAIL ATHR 2 at 50 ft.
AP 2 is available again after Clean Up but ATHR 1 + 2 stay lost
Difference to Autothrust
"RETARD" will be triggered for the first time at 10ft instead of 20ft
RETARD is an ORDER in Autothrust, a REMINDER in manual thrust.
depending on the external conditions, the pilot will decide at what point to retard
(earlier or later) in manual thrust
FFS_STDT_EF18.doc
E F18 18.03
LOW VISIBILITY OPERATIONS FFS_STDT Page 11
A320
TRAINING SYLLABI Issue 12 SEP 2014
FLIGHT CREW TRAINING PROGRAM
16 For F/O Take Off select 400m RVR (or Company minimum if different).
INSTRUCTOR ONLY
Brief Captain to be incapacitated on rotation.
Select CAT I Weather. Autoland by F/O.
INSTRUCTOR ONLY
FFS_STDT_EF18.doc
E F18 18.03
LOW VISIBILITY OPERATIONS FFS_STDT Page 12
A320
TRAINING SYLLABI Issue 12 SEP 2014
FLIGHT CREW TRAINING PROGRAM
INSTRUCTOR ONLY
FFS_STDT_EF18.doc
E F18 18.03
LOW VISIBILITY OPERATIONS FFS_CAPT Page 1
A320
TRAINING SYLLABI Issue 12 SEP 2014
FLIGHT CREW TRAINING PROGRAM
LFZZ 27005KT Visi /Ceiling :Per syllabus 2/1 Q1020 LOW VISIBILITY TAKE-OFF
FROM TO ALTN
LFZZ LFZZ LFLL / AIBLYS INIT GATE - LFZZ 33R
CO RTE ALTN / CO RTE 1- FAST COCKPIT PREP, ENG FAST
- AIBLYS START
CRZ FL CRZ TEMP 2 - LOW VISIBILITY (LV) TAXI OUT
4000 ft - 5 C 0:20 3 - LOW VISIBILITY TAKE OFF (LVTO)
CI TROPO
30 36090 INIT FINAL APP LFZZ 33R
4- DEMO OF VISUAL SEGMENTS
TRIP WIND TRIP DIST
- LOCAL WITH DIFFERENT MINIMA
(FREEZE)
5 - DEMO OF DEFINED TECHNICAL
INIT NEXT PAGE
FAILURES ON FINAL
48 t (PARTLY: FREEZE), G/A
ZFW ZFWCG 28 % 6 - CAT III DUAL TO MINIMUM 20FT-
105 600 lbs
NO CONTACT - LOW G/A -
10 t 58 t ENGINE FAIL ON G/A
FOB GW 1:10
22 000 lbs 127 600 lbs 7 - CAT III SINGLE -
ONE ENGINE OUT
NOTES AUTOMATIC LANDING
FLAPS FLAPS
FFS_CAPT_EF18.doc
E F18 18.03
LOW VISIBILITY OPERATIONS FFS_CAPT Page 2
A320
TRAINING SYLLABI Issue 12 SEP 2014
FLIGHT CREW TRAINING PROGRAM
LFZZ 27005KT Visi /Ceiling :Per syllabus 2/1 Q1020 LOW VISIBILITY TAKE-OFF
V2 131 V2 129
FLAPS 2 FLAPS 2
V1 TOGA V1 TOGA
VR FLEX VR FLEX
V2 V2
FLAPS FLAPS
FFS_CAPT_EF18.doc
E F18 18.03
LOW VISIBILITY OPERATIONS FFS_CAPT Page 3
A320
TRAINING SYLLABI Issue 12 SEP 2014
FLIGHT CREW TRAINING PROGRAM
01 - SESSION OBJECTIVE
To complete L.V.O. training so that the crew reaches the required level of proficiency for CAT II / III
approaches and low visibility taxi and take-off operations. To be trained in case of F/O incapacitation.
02 - TRAINING TOPICS
A. INTRODUCE
CAT II / III approaches and low visibility taxi and take-off training.
B. EXERCISES / REFERENCES
C. SUPPORT
FCOM
CBT: Self study course Low Visibility Operations (LVO).
PDP: L.V.O
Getting to grips with CAT II / III operations on DVD (Additional documentation chapter)
03 - COMPETENCIES CRITERIA
All criteria
FFS_CAPT_EF18.doc
E F18 18.03
LOW VISIBILITY OPERATIONS FFS_CAPT Page 4
A320
TRAINING SYLLABI Issue 12 SEP 2014
FLIGHT CREW TRAINING PROGRAM
BRIEFING GUIDE
malfunctions is given in the CBT self study course and will be demonstrated or trained in the
simulator session (receiver failure, transmitter failure, RA failure, AP failure ).
Ask trainees about any open questions after conducting the CBT training and collect the statement that
they have completed the courseware (page 18.02.1).
Both pilots have to be familiar with the intended Taxi Route before starting Taxi (Briefing).
Crew has to pay special attention to Hot Spots (Areas of possible error/conflict with other traffic) and
identify them on the airport chart.
Use all means to identify T/O Runway - e.g. switch LS to on and monitor LLZ centering when lining
up (if RWY ILS equipped) - off again when lined up to get yaw bar.
Describe function and use of Yaw Bar (NOTE: YAW-BAR will appear only if the ILS/LOC is available
for the same RWY direction) and thrust is advanced.
Use TCAS before entering runway to check the approach area clear and / or the preceding A/C has
vacated the RWY.
FFS_CAPT_EF18.doc
E F18 18.03
LOW VISIBILITY OPERATIONS FFS_CAPT Page 5
A320
TRAINING SYLLABI Issue 12 SEP 2014
FLIGHT CREW TRAINING PROGRAM
Common Errors
- No thorough preparation of both pilots before starting taxi manoeuvers
- Taxi speed to fast
- One or both pilots head down/doing checklists etc.
- PNF not ready to brake
- Not considering TO Alternate
INSTRUCTOR ONLY
C. Approach Preparation
The preparation for the approach should start with a brief review of the elements that have to be
considered before starting an LVO:
Aircraft
Airport
Crew
Weather
Aircraft
- Certified for the intended operation (where to find? - FCOM Limitations).
- Technical Status must allow the LVO (where to find? - Aircraft Log, MEL for preflight check -
ECAM and QRH for in-flight failures).
- Limits for autoland: Check FCOM/LIM-22
Attention: for mixed fleet operation pilots : A320, A330, A340, A380 have different limitations
INSTRUCTOR ONLY
Airport
- To be certified for LVO (where to find? - Route Documentation).
- Low Visibility Procedures must be in force (Check ATIS or ask ATC to confirm).
Crew
- Both pilots must be qualified for LVO.
- LVO certification must be current (Crew Briefing!).
Weather
- Check RVR to be above company LVO limit.
- Check local requirements (e.g. some states require also Ceiling to be above a certain limits).
- Always plan for the full use of automation and brief for downgrade options (e.g. plan for CAT
III dual autoland even when the minimum is CAT II).
- Check endurance to hold and diversion options.
Common Errors
- Not checking Technical Aircraft Log if there is a LVO restriction
- Not confirming that Low Visibility Procedures are enforced by the ATC/Airport
- Not planning for the lowest possible minimum
FFS_CAPT_EF18.doc
E F18 18.03
LOW VISIBILITY OPERATIONS FFS_CAPT Page 6
A320
TRAINING SYLLABI Issue 12 SEP 2014
FLIGHT CREW TRAINING PROGRAM
Task sharing
- CM1 is PF, and supervises the approach. When below 350 ft (100 ft if NODH), he starts to look
for visual reference. CM2 is PNF and monitors the AFS. He is head down until roll out is
completed
- Mention importance of CM2 especially below 400ft (he has to check the flight path and the
Autoflight Modes, call deviations, Takeover in case of incapacitation of CM 1).
INSTRUCTOR ONLY
Autobrake is recommended
- LAND Mode to be checked (called out) ; if not available: G/A (at 350 ft).
- ILS Course on PFD to be in agreement with published figure (at 350 ft).
- RETARD: Brief the difference between the RETARD call for autoland and manual landing:
In manual landing RETARD is a reminder, in autoland with ATHR RETARD is an ORDER (no
INSTRUCTOR ONLY
- Reverse on main wheel touch down. Remind that 2 items have to be done manually in
Autoland: Reverse and A/P disconnect after Rollout.
Common Errors
FFS_CAPT_EF18.doc
E F18 18.03
LOW VISIBILITY OPERATIONS FFS_CAPT Page 7
A320
TRAINING SYLLABI Issue 12 SEP 2014
FLIGHT CREW TRAINING PROGRAM
INSTRUCTOR ONLY
- briefing and DH are updated and
- aircraft is stabilized before 1000 ft AAL
The approach may be continued
This does not impair the emergency authority of the commander - e.g. low fuel, cabin fire
- Description:
Facilitates decision making
Is active below 200 ft
INSTRUCTOR ONLY
Is required for all Autoland Approaches
- ATTENTION: there are failures that are not monitored by the autoland light but nethertheless
require a G/A. e.g. Eng failure above Alert Height.
Common Errors
- Not realizing the distinction between Autoland Light and Alert Height.
- Not observing FMA that a mode change did not take place (LAND, FLARE, ROLL OUT).
FFS_CAPT_EF18.doc
E F18 18.03
LOW VISIBILITY OPERATIONS FFS_CAPT Page 8
A320
TRAINING SYLLABI Issue 12 SEP 2014
FLIGHT CREW TRAINING PROGRAM
SESSION GUIDE
The session starts with two Demo-Parts and one Ops part. The Demo-parts show
INSTRUCTOR ONLY
1. The various visual aspects at different minima and in different ambient conditions
2. Various failures on final approach.
For the Demo-Parts extensive use of repositioning and freeze functions should be made.
The Ops part should be conducted in real-time; no reposition on final, no freeze and no slew should
be used (with exception of repetitions of unsatisfactory items). The crew shall have the opportunity to
experience the different tasks in real time and assimilate the various failures they encounter.
Short vectors are appropriate and will allow the completion of the program within the given timeframe.
For better time management the Captain may advise "Briefing as before except." This is acceptable
for this session.
Altering the program should be avoided (exercises are legal requirements of EASA)
The session ends with an uneventful CAT III Approach with NO DH and taxi in. Thus a positive
training effect will be reinforced after training the various failure cases.
FFS_CAPT_EF18.doc
E F18 18.03
LOW VISIBILITY OPERATIONS FFS_CAPT Page 9
A320
TRAINING SYLLABI Issue 12 SEP 2014
FLIGHT CREW TRAINING PROGRAM
1 Ensure that the trainee does not waste time in setting-up prior to start. An appropriate take-
off alternate has to be announced by the crew.
2 RVR 125m (or lowest minimum of customer), watch that both pilots are head up and
showing good CRM in LVO, no administrative work, no checklist during motion of the
aircraft.
INSTRUCTOR ONLY
3 90 meters visual segment has to be confirmed by the pilots before starting
T/O roll (Refer to EASA AMC and GM to Part-SPA Subpart E).
and review visual segment (day and night, lights on and off))
It is recommended to turn off the motion before unfreezing the SIM at 20ft as on
INSTRUCTOR ONLY
some simulators the motion will be disturbed by the freeze at very low altitude.
Release simulator and perform a Go Around.
5 Setup:
Set DH 20ft
You may freeze the simulator for failures not depending on aircraft movement, to
show the mode switching and the change on displays.
Freeze the Sim after G/A (acceleration height) and reposition to T/O for next
exercise (Note: Demo counts as first LVO Approach)
FFS_CAPT_EF18.doc
E F18 18.03
LOW VISIBILITY OPERATIONS FFS_CAPT Page 10
A320
TRAINING SYLLABI Issue 12 SEP 2014
FLIGHT CREW TRAINING PROGRAM
The aircraft reverts to CAT 3 single capability in the event of one engine failed, due to the
loss of the electrical power split (device ensuring that both FMGCs are powered by
independent electrical sources). Even if the APU generator is used, the FMGCs electrical
supply split is not recoverable, due to the A320 electrical system architecture.
8 Brief the crew that visibility will be reduced to zero on the take-off run to illustrate the
effectiveness and convenience of the YAW-BAR for directional control
(NOTE : YAW-BAR will appear only if the ILS/LOC is available for the Runway used)
Step 8 only:
Fail ATHR # 1 after clean up.
Show crew that STS reverts to CAT III single (even when using A/P 2) and that
landing capability changes to CAT II when arming the APP and selecting second A/P
(reason : FMGS # 1 is master when 2 A/P engaged)
Select A/P 2 only to regain CAT III single
FFS_CAPT_EF18.doc
E F18 18.03
LOW VISIBILITY OPERATIONS FFS_CAPT Page 11
A320
TRAINING SYLLABI Issue 12 SEP 2014
FLIGHT CREW TRAINING PROGRAM
Difference to Autothrust
"RETARD" will be triggered for the first time at 10ft instead of 20ft
INSTRUCTOR ONLY
RETARD is an ORDER in Autohrust, a REMINDER in manual thrust.
depending on the external conditions, the pilot will decide at what point to retard
(earlier or later)
11 Tell Captain in the right seat to be incapacitated (no 100kts call). The fire warning at 110 kts
will trigger the RTO additionally.
16 Insert failure of ROLL OUT MODE or fail A/Ps on Touch Down if the simulator does not
allow this failure.
17 Brief the crew that visibility will be reduced to zero on the take-off run to illustrate the
effectiveness and convenience of the YAW-BAR for directional control
(NOTE : YAW-BAR will appear only if the ILS/LOC is available for the Runway used)
Step 8 only:
Fail ATHR # 1 after clean up.
INSTRUCTOR ONLY
Show crew that STS reverts to CAT III single (even when using A/P 2) and that
landing capability changes to CAT II when arming the APP and selecting second A/P
(reason : FMGS # 1 is master when 2 A/P engaged)
Select A/P 2 only to regain CAT III single
The aircraft reverts to CAT 3 single capability in the event of one engine failed, due to the
loss of the electrical power split (device ensuring that both FMGCs are powered by
independent electrical sources). Even if the APU generator is used, the FMGCs electrical
supply split is not recoverable, due to the A320 electrical system architecture.
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V2 V2
FLAPS FLAPS
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INIT DOWNWIND
IAE CFM
4:00 21 - CAT III DUAL TO NO DH - LANDING
PERF PAGE PERF PAGE
LFZZ 33R LFZZ 33R
V2 131 V2 129
FLAPS 2 FLAPS 2
V1 TOGA V1 TOGA
VR FLEX VR FLEX
V2 V2
FLAPS FLAPS
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01 - SESSION OBJECTIVE
To complete L.V.O. training so that the crew reaches the required level of proficiency for CAT II / III
approaches and low visibility taxi and take-off operations. F/O autoland training in case of captains
incapacitation.
02 - TRAINING TOPICS
A. INTRODUCE
CAT II / III approaches and low visibility taxi and take-off training.
B. EXERCISES / REFERENCES
C. SUPPORT
FCOM
CBT: Self study course Low Visibility Operations (LVO).
PDP: L.V.O
Getting to grips with CAT II / III operations on DVD (Additional documentation chapter)
03 - COMPETENCIES CRITERIA
All criteria
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BRIEFING GUIDE
malfunctions is given in the CBT self study course and will be demonstrated or trained in the
simulator session (receiver failure, transmitter failure, RA failure, AP failure ).
Ask trainees about any open questions after conducting the CBT training and collect the statement that
they have completed the courseware (page 18.02.1).
Both pilots have to be familiar with the intended Taxi Route before starting Taxi (Briefing).
Crew has to pay special attention to Hot Spots (Areas of possible error/conflict with other traffic) and
identify them on the airport chart.
Use all means to identify T/O Runway - e.g. switch LS to on and monitor LLZ centering when lining up (if
RWY ILS equipped) - off again when lined up to get yaw bar.
Describe function and use of Yaw Bar (NOTE: YAW-BAR will appear only if the ILS/LOC is available
for the same RWY direction) and thrust is advanced.
Use TCAS before entering runway to check the approach area clear and / or the preceding A/C has
vacated the RWY.
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Common Errors
- No thorough preparation of both pilots before starting taxi manoeuvers
- Taxi speed to fast
- One or both pilots head down/doing checklists etc.
- PNF not ready to brake
- Not considering TO Alternate
INSTRUCTOR ONLY
C. Approach Preparation
The preparation for the approach should start with a brief review of the elements that have to be
considered before starting an LVO:
Aircraft
Airport
Crew
Weather
Aircraft
- Certified for the intended operation (where to find? - FCOM Limitations).
- Technical Status must allow the LVO (where to find? - Aircraft Log, MEL for preflight check -
ECAM and QRH for in-flight failures).
- Limits for autoland: Check FCOM/LIM-22
Attention: for mixed fleet operation pilots : A320, A330, A340, A380 have different limitations
INSTRUCTOR ONLY
Airport
- To be certified for LVO (where to find? - Route Documentation).
- Low Visibility Procedures must be in force (Check ATIS or ask ATC to confirm).
Crew
- Both pilots must be qualified for LVO.
- LVO certification must be current (Crew Briefing!).
Weather
- Check RVR to be above company LVO limit.
- Check local requirements (e.g. some states require also Ceiling to be above a certain limits).
- Always plan for the full use of automation and brief for downgrade options (e.g. plan for CAT
III dual autoland even when the minimum is CAT II).
- Check endurance to hold and diversion options.
Common Errors
- Not checking Technical Aircraft Log if there is a LVO restriction
- Not confirming that Low Visibility Procedures are enforced by the ATC/Airport
- Not planning for the lowest possible minimum
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Task sharing
- CM1 is PF, and supervises the approach. When below 350 ft (100 ft if NODH), he starts to look
for visual reference. CM2 is PNF and monitors the AFS. He is head down until roll out is
completed
- Mention importance of CM2 especially below 400ft (he has to check the flight path and the
Autoflight Modes, call deviations, Takeover in case of incapacitation of CM 1).
INSTRUCTOR ONLY
Autobrake is recommended
- LAND Mode to be checked (called out) ; if not available: G/A (at 350 ft).
- ILS Course on PFD to be in agreement with published figure (at 350 ft).
- RETARD: Brief the difference between the RETARD call for autoland and manual landing:
In manual landing RETARD is a reminder, in autoland with ATHR RETARD is an ORDER (no
retard of thrust levers before RETARD call).
INSTRUCTOR ONLY
- Reverse on main wheel touch down. Remind that 2 items have to be done manually in
Autoland: Reverse and A/P disconnect after Rollout.
Common Errors
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INSTRUCTOR ONLY
- aircraft is stabilized before 1000 ft AAL
The approach may be continued
This does not impair the emergency authority of the commander - e.g. low fuel, cabin fire
- Description :
Facilitates decision making
Is active below 200 ft
Is required for all Autoland Approaches
INSTRUCTOR ONLY
- Conditions for Autoland Light Illuminations:
Both A/P fail or
Both LLZ or GP receivers fail
Both LLZ or GP transmitters fail
Difference between RA is more than 15 feet
Aircraft gets too far of the beam (LOC and G/S Flash on PFD)
- ATTENTION: there are failures that are not monitored by the autoland light but nethertheless
require a G/A. e.g. Eng failure above Alert Height.
Common Errors
- Not realizing the distinction between Autoland Light and Alert Height.
- Not observing FMA that a mode change did not take place (LAND, FLARE, ROLL OUT).
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SESSION GUIDE
To give the F/Os optimum training benefit, the instructor will take the left hand seat after the Demo
Parts. The instructor screens can be handled on all simulators from the captains seat by swiveling
them forward (simulators not capable of being controlled from the captains seat will if possible be
avoided for LVO sessions with 2 F/Os).
The scenario starts with Demo-Parts and one Ops part. The Demo-parts show
1. The various visual aspects at different minima and in different ambient conditions
2. Various failures on final approach.
For the Demo-Parts extensive use of repositioning and freeze functions should be made.
The Ops part should be conducted in real-time; no reposition on final, no freeze and no slew should
be used (with exception of repetitions of unsatisfactory items). The crew shall have the opportunity to
experience the different tasks in real time and assimilate the various failures they encounter.
Short vectors are appropriate and will allow the completion of the program within the given timeframe.
For better time management the Captain may advise "Briefing as before except." This is acceptable
for this session.
INSTRUCTOR ONLY
Altering the program should be avoided (exercises are legal requirements of EASA).
F/Os are given the opportunity to conduct one Autoland approach with Captain incapacitated. Target
of the exercise is not to train LVO single pilots operation, but to give the F/O the demonstration and
confidence that an Autoland (also in good weather conditions) is a reasonable option if the other pilot
becomes incapacitated. Legally the F/O succeeds in the command of the aircraft and would even be
allowed to conduct LVO approaches exercising his Emergency Command Authority.
To distinguish this exercise from LVO training, increase weather to CAT I or better for this approach.
The session ends with an uneventful CAT III Approach with NO DH and taxi in. Thus a positive
training effect will be reinforced after training the various failure cases.
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1 Reposition on long final, demonstration of visual segments (adapt minima to lowest minima of
customer if required).
- Freeze the approach at DH 200 ft and review visual segment (day and night)
INSTRUCTOR ONLY
- Ask crew to switch landing lights ON and OFF to show the change in visual cues.
- Vary the flight deck lighting to illustrate the necessity of low intensity
and review visual segment (day and night, lights on and off)
It is recommended to turn off the motion before unfreezing the SIM at 20ft as on some
simulators the motion will be disturbed by the freeze at very low altitude. Release simulator
and perform a Go Around.
2 Setup:
Set DH 20ft
You may freeze the simulator for failures not depending on aircraft movement, to show the
mode switching and the change on displays
Freeze the Sim after G/A (acceleration height) and reposition to T/O for next exercise (Note:
Demo counts as first LVO Approach)
INSTRUCTOR ONLY
The corresponding index is lost
The LOC and/or G/S scales flash
The corresponding FD bars flash
Above 200 ft RA, if the transmitter failure lasts less than 7 seconds, the FGS retains the LOC
and G/S modes (or the LAND mode) and autopilots continue to work
CAUTION: NO RED WARNING.
If the failure lasts longer than 7 seconds, the APs disengage and the FDs revert to HDG-V/S
or TRK-FPA mode.
Below 200 ft RA, the autoland warning will appear.
The PFD and ND (rose ILS mode) display red LOC and G/S flags
LOC and G/S scales disappear from PFD.
If LOC or G/S modes are engaged and at least one AP/FD is engaged :
- The APs disengage.
- The FDs revert to HDG-V/S or TRK - FPA mode.
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Seat Change -Instructor Takes the Left Hand seat for the rest of the session.
5 For F/O Take Off select 400m RVR (or Company minimum if different).
7 Set RVR 0
Set AP 1+2 FAILURE at 50ft
Perform manual G/A.
INSTRUCTOR ONLY
AP 1+2 available again after Clean Up. Set CAT III single weather minima
15 For F/O Take Off select 400m RVR (or Company minimum if different).
FFS_FO_EF18.doc