CLE

(Mid-P3 Set A ANSWERS)

1. What are the FOUR (4) TYPES of JUSTICE? (p.118-120)

CODE: Com/Con Dis Con/Leg Soc

a) COMmutative justice
b) DIStributive justice
c) CONtributive/LEGal justice
d) SOCial justice

2. Identify the type of justice based on the descriptions given.

a) Speaks about the relationship between society and its members but ALSO INCLUDES
institutions, systems, and structures of society. This type of justice requires people to get
ORGANIZED and CREATE institutions or structures that aim to solve social problems: social
justice

b) This type of justice governs the relationship between society and its members. This type of
justice demands that society give to the individual members what is rightfully theirs. What is
rightfully theirs is given by the government: distibutive justice

c) This type of justice demands that both benefits (rights and privileges) and burdens (duties
and responsibilities) are given to all the citizens, NOT on an equal basis but on a
PROPORTIONAL and EQUITABLE basis: distibutive justice

d) This type of justice emphasizes the moral obligation of every one to CONTRIBUTE to the
improvement of the economic, political, and cultural life of society: contributive or legal
justice.

e) This type of justice is sometimes called contractual justice: commutative justice. (Sean,
this is important to remember because the word contractual reminds you of the
word contract. And you know that a contract is an AGREEMENT between at
least 2 persons and this type of justice demands that both parties keep their part of
the agreement).

f) This type of justice is sometimes called legal justice: contributive justice. (This is also
important to remember because the word legal reminds you that, as a citizen,
obeying the Constitution and the laws is already a contribution to the society, aside
from participating in other socio-political activities)

g) This type of justice demands that all citizens should comply with its laws and activities. BUT if
certain laws are actually obstacles to the pursuit of the common good, this type of justice urges us
to push for the REVISION of such laws: contributive or legal justice.

3. The principle of subsidiarity demands that the government respect INDIVIDUAL freedom
 and initiative and that the government must allow smaller groups, like families and small
communities, to take charge of their own welfare (or to encourage sariling sikap).

4. Under the principle cited in No. 3 above, the government should INTERVENE ONLY IF the
people cannot support their needs in smaller groups. (True or False). True

5. Also under the principle cited in No. 3 above, the government should CONTROL their
initiatives ONLY IF AND WHEN the activities run contrary to the law. (T or F). T
(initiatives are activities STARTED VOLUNTARILY by an individual or a
group without instructions from higher authorities).

6. Equitable distribution of benefits means that everybody should be given equal amounts of
benefits, whether rich or false. (True or False). False. (Equitable and equal have
different meanings. Equitable means proportional. Two is EQUAL to two.
If you invested 10% of the total capital, EQUITABLE distribution of gains
requires that you get 10% of the profits).

7. In a society where some are rich and some are poor, equal distribution of wealth and burden
(like taxes) would be unfair. (T or F). F

8. What is fair is to distribute benefits (or wealth) and burden (duties and responsibilities)
DEPENDING ON the peoples different needs and capacities (the amount of ability
present in order to perform).

9. Not only individual human beings can be guilty of injustice. There are social structures that
are unjust. These structures make it difficult for people to live a dignified life, or make it easy
for people to do evil. For example, abusive military structures and corrupt judicial courts in a
martial law regime.These are called structural sins.

10. Social justice demands that lawmakers pass bills that are meant to respond to the social
needs of their constituent communities. Meanwhile, citizens or the people should organize
themselves and pressure the lawmakers in a concerted effort to reform or create social
structures that will effectively serve the common good.

11. The poor (marginalized) lack the confidence to speak up and assert their rights because they
lack the money, the resources, or the means. When people are deprived of their basic dignity
and rights, crime and violence arise.

12. In a sense, another name for peace is development. (True or False). True

13. Integral human development refers to Jesus holistic liberation. It pertains to the
development of the whole person (or giving a person the freedom to allow him to become
one unified and one whole being).

14. Who said, in effect, that institutions by themselves are not enough to guarantee real human
development? Pope Benedict XVI

15. The person cited above also said that what is needed is the commitment of every person to
sacrifice and to embrace the higher values of solidarity and love.
16. Solidarity is not only being interdependent or connected to one another but it is also the
determination to commit oneself for the good of all and of each individual because we are all
responsible for all. (Sean, when trying to remember the word solidarity,
remember the word solid, which implies unity and closeness).

17. Justice is motivated by a love that does not distinguish friends from enemies. (T or F) T
18. What does Jesus mean when he says When someone strikes you on your right cheek, turn
the other one to him as well? Check the correct answer.

___ a) condone (accept) the strike or hostility. Let the police arrest him.

b) dont respond to violence by being violent yourself

___ c) allow yourself to be hit twice

19. The Church teaches that true peace is made possible through peace and reconciliation.

20. In forgiving others, Jesus said, not seven times but seventy-seven (77) times

21. Values are realities (like objects, beliefs, lifestyles, or relationships) prized by a person or
regarded by him as desirable even if acquiring them demand sacrifice.

22. When we constantly act based on what we value, we are formed by it. In other words, what
we always want will define us as a person. (True or False). True

23. Good moral values lead to good habits, which in turn form virtues.

24. Give at least 3 examples of virtues: (any 3 of the following)

Faith Love Prudence (careful) Temperance (disciplne)

Hope Justice Fortitude (courage)

25. Justice is the constant and firm (strong) will to give human persons their due (rights and
privileges). It empowers all human persons to respect the rights that are inherent in every
human person (natural law) and stipulated by society (civil law). (Inherent means
something that already exists at the time of birth)

26. What sets the fundamental (basic) criterion for harmonious human relationships and social
order? It also lays the foundation for other essential social virtues, like solidarity and charity.
Justice