CHAPTER 15- RURAL COMMUNITIES
CHAPTER 15- RURAL COMMUNITIES
WHAT IS COMMUNITY
A Community is a place where one lives,
works, and plays
A Community is a social organization
that is territorially localized and
through which its members satisfy most
of their daily needs and deal with most
of their common problem
According to the Calverts the concept of
community is not as broad as the
concept of society
The Essence of community is the feeling
of belonging or the we
THE RURAL-URBAN COMMUNITY DICHOTOMY
Communities can be classified according
to function and Specialization
Some sociologists have related the rural
communities to familistic Gemeinschaft
and the urban community to the
contractual Gesellschaft.. Among the
indices used by sociologist to show rural
differences are occupations,size, and
density of population. Homogeneity or
heterogeneity of culture, social
differentiation and stratification
RURAL CULTURE AND SOCIAL STRUCTURE
Rural Communities are not a like. But
they have some common features.
Rural communities are usually small,
and people are engaged in agriculture,
Fishing, Forestry, Mining, food
gathering, and cottage industries
Some anthropologists refer to rural
residents as peasants. They are the
source of labor and goods of landlords
and officials of the state
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Peasants differ form farmers in
industrialized societies who rely upon
the market to exchange crops for almost
all the goods and services they
need(Ember and Ember, 1997)
RURAL COMMUNITIES IN THE
PHILIPPINES
The Philippines is divided into 16
administrative regions, 79 provinces,
113 cities, 1,496 municipalities, and
41,994 Barangays.
As of 2000, 52,4% lived in the rural and
47.6% in the urban.
The Philippines is a Land of Barriors
(Gella Castillo, 1979) and these barrios
are considered the Backbone of
nation because they provide urban
areas with foods and raw materials for
industry
Lynchs (1975) Study of a barrio in bicol
showed two social classes:
THE UPPER CLASS : Which constitutes a
small portion of the population is made
up of the wealthy landowners, The
patrons and some barrio officials . THE
BIG PEOPLE
THE LOWER CLASS: which constitutes
the bulk of the population, is made up
to the workers and laborers . THE
SMALL PEOPLE
Jane Margolds (1989) Study if awanen,
a farming and fishing community in a
coastal municipality in the ilocos,
revealed a class hierarchy with villagers
stratified into three levels of poverty
THE LEAST POOR, THE MODERATELY
POOR, and THE POOREST,
SPATIAL PATTERNS OF PHILIPPINE
COMMUNITIES
CHAPTER 15- RURAL COMMUNITIES
In the Philippines, the general
settlement pattern may be divided in
two
NUCLEATED TYPE : Shown in the
poblacion with the agglomated barrios.
Where the people engaged in wet rice
agriculture
DISPERSED TYPE: Consists of a cluster
of sitios where houses are dispersed
along the rivers or in the middle of the
field
RURAL FAMILY
The Family is Bilateral, with close ties
usually maintained with the both sides
of the family. The Couple can choose
where to reside after marriage. Hence.
In terms of residence the family os
either bilocalor or neolocal
The Family has immediate neighbors or
kapitbahay to which they have
interlocking social interactions.
The Magkapitbahay help each other in
times of crisis, needs, and social and
religious activities
An Individual also have a circle of
affective or potentially affective
relatives or kamag-anak, who play a
vital role in their life
Some of the Traditional Practices
regarding courtship still persist,
1. Serenading - a traditional practice
to court a girl that is gradually
disappearing
2. Chaperoning - Still observed as
CHASTITY is a trait highly valued
among unmarried women
3. Dowry(Bigay-kaya) - may consist of
money, a piece of land, or a gift by
the man to the girls parents
RURAL ECONOMY
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The 2000 Philippines
Census counts the total
population at 76,498,735
of this number, about 27.6
million or 36% live in
poverty
The 2000 Family Income
Expenditure Survey (FIES)
revealed that the total
number of families in the
country increased to 15.26
million from 14.19 million in
1997
According to Castillo(1993)
most poor households lives
in the rural areas and
engaged in agricultural
enterprises
Fegan(1982) wrote that
farm workers have an
insecure life. In colloquial
Filipino Language, isang
kahit, isang tuka
According to David . The
Various coping strategies
utilized by lower status
households are not
adaptive mechanisms but
they are what the poor are
mercilessly driven to do
Since 1970s , foreign and
local agribusiness
corporations expanded
from rice , coconut, and
sugarcane to include other
cash crops such as banana,
pineapple and coffee
RURAL COOPERATIVES
CHAPTER 15- RURAL COMMUNITIES SOC114-SOCIOLOGY

In 1951, a program on the formation of 5.) Correct Policy Environment: This

cooperatives was instituted to help poor includes credit assistance from the
farmers. government and economic policies
In 1952, The Agricultural Credit conducive for the development of
Cooperative Financing economic activities
Administration(ACCFA) was Created
primarily to assist small farmers get
liberal credit
It subsequently became the Agricultural
Credi Administratio(ACA) in 1963.
The Government also established
Farmers Cooperative Marketing
Associations(FACOMA)
These Association Failed Because of
weak government supervision and
management. Many loans were not
paid and hence, the cooperative lost
money.
During The Term of Pres. Aquino,
Cooperatives were given a boost. She
encouraged peoples participation, and
empowerment became a buzzword in
government policies and programs
The Cooperative Code of the Philippines
enacted March 10, 1990 offers
incentives to cooperatives and sets up
mechanisms to ensure their success
According to Ernesti Bautista (1992)
certain factors for a successful
cooperative ,
1.) Business orientation: Cooperative which
are more oriented towards the business
side their activities tend to become
more successful
2.) Diversification in activities:
cooperatives which are more diversified
tend to be more successful than those
with limited activities
3.) Leadership: A competend leader is one
who is dynamic and charismatic
4.) Sufficient internally generated funds:
this allows the cooperative to functions
on a long term abd sustainable basis