Nonlinear Liquid Sloshing (1)

Sloshing in a square liquid tank subjected to horizontal harmonic excitation is investigated.

In the theoretical analysis, the modal equations of motion for seven sloshing modes are
obtained considering the nonlinearity of sloshing, and then the theoretical response curves
are calculated. The validity of the theoretical analysis was confirmed by comparing the
theoretical response curves with the experimental data.

30
Sloshing Modes (a) (1,0) mode Theory

mm
Stable
Unstable

x
20 Experiments

Amplitude of
Const.
Swirl
AMM
10
(1,0) (0,1)
0
2.4 2.6 2.8 3.0
Excitation frequency f Hz
30
(b) (0,1) mode

mm
(2,0) (0,2)

y
20

Amplitude of
10
(3,0) (0,3)
0
2.4 2.6 2.8 3.0
Experimental Setup Excitation frequency f Hz
(1,1) Experimental and Theoretical
Response Curves
 Nonlinear Liquid Sloshing (2)
R60 mm, h=72 mm, p11=2.727 Hz,
Nonlinear sloshing dynamics in a
a cos t 0.57 cos t [mm]
cylindrical liquid tank subjected y
r
to horizontal harmonic excitation 40

Amplitude of ( =0 ) mm
R

x
is investigated. Theoretical Theory
Experiments
O

response curves were in good 30

P1
agreement with the experimental
20
data.
P2
10 PlanarMotion
y
0
r 2.6 2.8 3.0
Excitation Frequency Hz
R y
Amplitude of ( =90) mm
40
r
x R
O Theory
O

x
Experiments
30
P1
ChaoticMotion
z 20

10
P2
x
O

h a cos t 0
2.6 2.8 3.0
Excitation Frequency Hz

Theoretical Model Experimental and Theoretical

Response Curves SwirlMotion
 Vibration Control of Elastic Structures
Utilizing a Cylindrical Tank
The performance of cylindrical tuned TLDs
liquid dampers (TLDs) is investigated
to suppress the vibrations of elastic
structures subjected to horizontal
harmonic excitation. Response curves Fluid Fluid
Force
Force

are analytically calculated by
considering the nonlinear fluid force
due to sloshing. They show the
Displacement
Displacement
ShinYokohamaPrinceHotel
effectiveness of cylindrical TLDs. (149 m high)
MechanismofSuppression

(a) Structure Stable

Amplitude of x0
0.10 Unstable
Simulation

z Suppressed

0.05

x 0
0.8 0.9 1.0 1.1 1.2

x0 O Excitation frequency p1

F0 cos t
0.40
(b) Tank

Amplitude of b1
k h
0.20

m
c 0
0.8 0.9 1.0 1.1 1.2
Excitation frequency p1

TheoreticalFrequency
ExperimentalApparatus
Theoretical Model ResponseCurves
 Vibration Control of Elastic Structures
Utilizing Two Rectangular Tanks
The performance of TLDs is investigated when two Stable (a) Structure

Amplitude of x0
0.10 Unstable
Simulation
rectangular tanks are used. The liquid elevations
were observed in different amplitudes even if these 0.05
a0, b0 c0
tanks are identical. Amplitude modulated motions P0

0
(AMMs) appear when the liquid levels are 0.8 0.9 1.0 1.1
Excitation frequency
1.2

comparatively high. 0.40

(b) Tank 1

Amplitude of b1
a1
0.20

2 P1
c1
x0 mm

0
b1
0
-2 0.8 0.9 1.0 1.1 1.2
20 Excitation frequency
1 mm

0 0.40
(c) Tank 2

Amplitude of b1
-20
20
2 mm

0
b2
0.20 c2
-20 P2
0 5 10 15
Time s
a2
0
0.8 0.9 1.0 1.1 1.2

Experimental Setup Experimental time Excitation frequency

histories at f=2.561 Hz. Theoretical Response Curves

 Vibration Control of Elastic Structures
Utilizing a Rectangular Tank (Vertical Excitation)

Tuned liquid dampers (TLDs) are also effective to suppressed the vibrations of
elastic structures subjected to vertical excitation. The optimal liquid level exists.
If the tuning condition was deviated, the performance of TLDs decreases
because amplitude modulated motions (AMMs) could appear.
0.04
y Stable (a) (a) Stable

Amplitude of z0
Amplitude of z0
l 0.02 Unstable Unstable
Simulation Simulation

0.02
d x 0.01
B1
O B1
E1 F1
H1
F1
E1
C1 D1 A1 C1
A1 D1
G1
0 0
z 3.7 3.8 3.9 1.9 2.0
Excitation frequency Excitation frequency

x 0.20 0.30
O (b) (b)
Amplitude of c01

Amplitude of b1
h 0.20
G2
H2 F2
E2
m 0.10
E2
F2 0.10
z0
F0 cos t
A2 B2 C2 D2 A2 B2 C2 D2
k c 0 0
3.7 3.8 3.9 1.9 2.0
Excitation frequency Excitation frequency

Response curves for the Response curves where

Theoretical Model optimal liquid level AMMs appear.
 Vibration Control of Elastic Structures
Utilizing a Square Tank (Vertical Excitation)
5.0
(a) Structure

Amplitude of z0 mm
Theory
A square tuned liquid damper (TLD) is used to suppress 4.0
Experiment
Stable
Unstable
3.0 Without tank
the vibrations of an elastic structures subjected to With tank
2.0
vertical harmonic excitation. Square TLDs work more 1.0

effectively for lower liquid levels than rectangular TLDs. 0

5.2 5.3 5.4 5.5 5.6 5.7
Excitation frequency f Hz
Arm
20.0
(b) (1,0) mode

Amplitude of x mm
x 15.0

y 10.0
O
Exciter
5.0
Top view
5
( x ) S1S2 ( y ) zS1S2 z0 mm 0
0 5.2 5.3 5.4 5.5 5.6 5.7
Tank Excitation frequency f Hz
T-shaped -5
20.0
structure O x 20 (c) (0,1) mode

Amplitude of y mm
x mm

0 15.0

S0 (z0) S0 -20 10.0

Arms 20
y mm

0 5.0
Spring
-20
Exciter 0 5 0
Time s 5.2 5.3 5.4 5.5 5.6 5.7
Excitation frequency f Hz

Front view Side view Experimental time Experimental and theoretical

Experimental Setup histories at f=5.540 Hz. Response Curves