Pecos Impulse fy ott nee Ted We Improve Your Idea of Maintenance Inside This Issue ere as Mecca OVE we euecta Oe ease) Ooooh ssrIcmeine)180 9001:2008 ABPVibro Company was established 11 years ago to become a leading designer and manufacturer of vibration protection and measurement systems from industrial applications to academic sound & vibration laboratory testing. ABPVibro product line of vibration protection systems offering protection systems for machines from small sized to large sized land based power generating turbines includes systems to analyze all kind of vibration and process inputs such as flow, temperature and pressure. In recent years and after success in fulfillment of more than 100 industrial projects, company felt a need to develop products to meet academic laboratory requirements at feasible price. To this end, VibroRack1000 and TS-500 products were produced and delivered to sound and vibration laboratories and universities. VibroRack 1000 is a vibration analyzer system capable of performing various sound and vibration tests while TS-500 is a machinery fault simulator which can be used for training vibration analysis and damage detection All of these measurement systems support and can be easily connected to 3 a complete line of third party transducers, signal conditioners, amplifiers, Invention = | cables, protection systems and accessories. Through these years, 150 10006:2003 a ABPVibro has earned a reputation for provision of reliable performance for Gl lo the most challenging power generation, automotive, industrial, and academic applications where accurate data is of paramount importance. To perform its mission, the company consists of the following main departments with defined functions: v Research & Development Purchasing v Production department Strategic Marketing ¥ Condition Monitoring & v Human Resource Management Diagnosis service Accounting and Finance v Test & Calibration Laboratory Moreover, to ensure full commitment to customer support, training the users and calibration and test, company has achieved related product standards and company standards. Some of these standards are as the following: Company standards: 1SO 9001:2008 requirements for a quality management system 1SO 10006:2003 Guidelines for quality management in projects ISO 17025 General requirements for the competence of testing and calibration laboratories, Product Standards: IEC 61000-6-2: Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) Immunity for industrial environments IEC 61000-6-4: Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) Emission standard for industrial environments IEC 61010: Safety Requirements for Electrical Equipment for Measurement, Control, and Laboratory Use IEC 61508: Functional Safety of Electrical/Electronic/Programmable Electronic Safety-related Systems IEC 61511: Safety Instrumented Systems, Sce More. ce recastContent _ Vibration Analyzer System 3. Flexible Rotor Balancing Of Gas Turbine 12 Online Condition Monitoring Software 5 Rotary Machine Diagnosis Software 6 Measurement & Analysis of Vehicle Vibration 10 Flexible Rotor Balancing of Gas Turbine 2 Reference Modal Kit 1% Model Updating of a Steel Plate 16 Modal Testing Case Study 8 Machinery Diagnostic and Simulator Kit 19 Diesel Generator Vibration Measurement. 23 Diesel Generator Vibration Measurement. 28 } Measurement & Analysis of Venice Vibration 10 Publisher ABP, Behineh Pardazesh Arman(ABPVib'0)CO. frames sie Editor-In-Chief Majid Manoocheri Designer Masoumeh BabakhaniProduct VIBRATION ANALYZER SYSTEM > MODEL: VIBRORACK1000-SERIES ibroRack1000 is a_ vibration measurement and condition monitoring system customized for sound & vibration laboratories. Software packages have been developed which enable the user to perform a variety of tests. Measurement is performed by analyzer and data is transmitted to the computer for further analysis. Besides, highly efficient real-time filtering techniques and signal processing procedures are used to ensure rapid response to various applications. The processing of very low near DC signals to high frequency signals have been considered with flexible sampling rates and multi-rate broad band anti-aliasing filters. Software packages offer user friendly graphical interface for configuring the sensor VibroRack1000 also includes VibroModal software developed for the measurement of frequency response function during an impact test. It calculates H1, H2 or H3 FRF with Force/exponential, Hanning, Hamming or other user selected window function. Moreover, it calculates and displays coherence, frequency spectrum, time signal for every input. It can measure natural frequencies, damping ratios and mode shapes. FRF measurement files can also be saved in formats compatible with 3rd_ party modal and operational modal analysis software. inputs, measurement configuration, data recording, signal display etc. VibroRack1000 is designed to work with a variety of sensors like displacement, velocity, accelerometer, tachometer, force transducer and microphones that are mounted on the device under test. ABPVibro sensors can be used as well as those from other third party vendors to provide flexibility in selecting those that meet your requirements. All diagnostic data is accessible in an online software ie. CMS (Condition Monitoring Software) and an offline software i.e. MDS (Machine Diagnosis Software) for analysis and troubleshooting. Moreover, signal data may be exported as text format to be used by other software applications. > VibroSound is an application developed to analyze sound files recorded by VibroCMS. software. Acoustic analysis such as frequency spectrum, sound harshness, loudness, roughness analysis is. performed in this software. Octave band analysis, demodulation and sound level measurement is also included in the software.ce APPROVED Input Type: a wide range of sensors can be used directly or indirectly via corresponding transmitters as inputchannels: “IGH® charge mode accelerometer ‘Displacement Sensors “Velocity Sensors *Key Phasord Tachometer “Other vottageleurrenteriven sensors Input Channets: Input Connector: [BNC connector /serew terminal Frequency Response No.of Channel Max. Sample Rate Max number otsamples 3 4oKiz 300000 é 20K ‘80000 1 Hz to 10KHz (Optional) 9 26 KHz 126000 2 2 Ki 60000 6 20K 0000 8 1ekie 0000 a ie ki ‘3000 24 take ‘3000 Signal Conditioner: Ampiifierintegrator to obtain velocity or displacement response by integration Supply Voltage: 1101220 VAG Current Output 4:20mA - Buffered Output: for connection to portable data collectors AnticAllas Root raised cosine linear phase 10th order low pass fiter Resolution: ‘abit ‘bit Wavetorm Sampling ‘coupling: DciAciCurrent ‘Sampling Method: ‘Synchronous sampling (simultaneous) Sampling Rate": From1 KHzto 10Kiz per channel | From 12kHz to 40KHz per channel (Anti-lis fitered) (antiaias fitered) {depends on the number of channel) Number of Samples*: From 1000 to 100000 per channel From 36000 to 300000 per channel over Voltage protection: OV Pk-Pk Data transmission communication standards:* TePne Data Transfer from Server ‘Communication Standard 9-485 or RS-282 with ModBus protocol Output data: 4%, 2,0€ gap, overall vibration and RPM values forall ‘Keyphasor inputs Adjustable Full Scale Range: ‘Single Turn Potentiometer (0-100% Full Scale Range) ecuracy: input 0-25, Accuracy(KFOR) £1L88: 0.08, Dynamie Range: 046,14,20 a8 Trigger software Sofware and Hardware Function Generator ps ‘+ Monitoring Software: Vibro-CMS Software Vibro-RMDS Software ‘+ Modal Analysis Software: Impact Test , ICATS, ARTEMIS * Acoustic Analysis: Pulse Sound Quality Software + Compatible with 3rd party protection monitoring systems like: Bently Nevada (7200 , 3500, 3300 model) ¥Cemb Vibrometer (VM600) ¥ Schenck (Vibro Control 4000) vetc Standard communication: Ethernet Port (TCP/IP) 4Software ONLINE CONDITION MONITORING SOFTWARE Vibro-CMS Vibro-CMS is @ kind of machine condition management software that collects, stores and analyzes data from sensors. It is capable of transmitting data over local or wide area network. It provides static, dynamic and transient data collection and analysis; such as graphical indication of vibration level, trend, waveform, spectrum, orbit plot, polar plot, waterfall, bode plots, envelope spectrum and much more. Additionally, it can collect process data as 4-20mA input or digital monitor input > Some of the display functions used in CMS: Machinery Configuration via Modbus, etc. The CMS provides an integrated system solution for complete process tests where not only sound and vibration signals but also process parameters such as temperature, flow or pressure is also needed to analyze system response. In conclusion, with its reliability, it not only can acquire the data from third party measurement hardware but also share its data with third party software and hardware. ‘Overall Value Indication Orbit Plot O Polar Graph Shaft Centertine Plot ‘Waterfall or Catcade Diagram Al Time SignalSoftware ROTARY MACHINE DIAGNOSIS SOFTWARE To enhance usage of the condition monitoring systems, Vibro-RMDS has been developed as a stand-alone application to be used for machinery diagnosis and verification of root cause of vibration problems via off-line data review and analysis. Vibro-RMDS contains mostly used functions to provide engineers with a collection of the most beneficial tools. A brief summary of the functions available in Vibro-RMDS comes in the following: FFT- Spectrum Plot Machines can vibrate at many different frequencies simultaneously. These frequencies can be related or unrelated to running speed and include both subsynchronous and supersynchronous frequencies. Since these frequencies are associated with the operating condition of the machine, the machinery diagnostician must have some way to determine the frequency content of a vibration signal in order to make an accurate diagnosis. FFT (Fast Fourier Transfer) is used to seize out the frequency contents of a vibration signal. Frequency detection toolbar is inserted in Vibro-RMDS by which you may choose your machine type and then by entering its technical specifications, study if there are machine related symptoms in the spectrum. Machine type analysis available in Vibro-RMDS software is as follows: Gearbox Frequency Analyzer Electric Motor Pulley-Belt Rolling Bearing Frequency Analyzer Sideband Analyzer Harmonic Analyzer PARONS ABPVibro is ready to integrate user designed frequency component analysis modules into Vibro-RMDS software upon customer's request. In addition to this, tables of maximum amplitude peaks and the corresponding frequencies is calculated and shown on the graph. It can 6 also save and load FFT plots from other time stamps to be used by the user for comparison and review.Software Comparison in frequency domain gives the | compressor running near 14000 RPM. user valuable data of each frequency Frequency spectrums during four months of component variation over time. As an operation of the compressors have been example, in one project 12 sensors were plotted in the following picture. installed on an oxygen high speed Frequency Spectrums during 4 months acd Time waveform is the fundamental graphic presentation of machinery dynamic data. It shows how a single parameter (most often displacement, velocity, or acceleration, but also any other dynamic measurement) from a single transducer changes on a very short time scale, typically a fraction of a second, This is in contrast to trend plots, which display the value of a slowly changing parameter over a much longer time scale, typically hours to months. Orbit Analysis Orbit analysis is a tool used to detect failures Hu A like rubs, unbalance, misalignment or oil whip in i Y journal bearing machines. Required are two . "channel simultaneous vibration measurement ai Jiliiililily, and two transducers placed at an angle of 90° ren to each other, plus a trigger signal from a * tachometer probe.Software Noncontact displacement transducers of eddy current type (proximity probes) are sensitive to the mechanical, electrical and magnetic properties of the target part. Target part material, geometry and surface roughness could induce signal disturbance. These transducers are not capable of distinguishing between actual vibration and shaft run out caused by mechanical and magnetic non- circularity of the shaft material which creates error in the measured vibration data from a proximity probe. In order to minimize the effect of this error, industry standards have been published which define maximum allowable limits of shaft run out in front of the probe surface for a reliable measurement. Slow roll waveform compensation is a function which provides the capability to record an unfiltered (direct) slow roll waveform of shaft in lower speeds. In fact, in lower speeds shaft vibration readina is not a iments t HH 1 1 function of unbalance and other vibratory symptom but a function of surface roundness of the shaft. So it is assumed that difference between the displacement signal at higher speeds and lower speeds can reflect net vibration signal. Slow roll waveform compensation will remove both sub synchronous and super synchronous frequencies, including surface defects, imperfections, scratches, etc. In one of hydro power plant projects, displacement transducers were installed in front of upper guide bearing of a 250 MW, 120 RPM Francis hydro turbine. As shown there are scratches on the surface of the shaft which create error in vibration reading. Slow roll compensation was applied to the shaft, orbit of the shaft before and after compensation which led to the removal of scratch signal is shown below.™= is Se eee baw aga a sae de a gs » | e mS x * : : 2Software Ponca =| Waterfall plots are designed to display multiple spectra (FFT spectrum) versus time, during run up, run down or constant speed operation. Waterfall plots are 3D plots with time, frequency and amplitude axis. Waterfall plots are commonly used to examine how machine vibration changes with a change in an operating parameter. ¥ Trend Plots The trend plot is a rectangular plot on which the value of a measured parameter is plotted — - versus time. Trend plots can be used to |. display any kind of data versus time: | | Displacement, Velocity, Acceleration, gap voltage (radial or thrust position), rotor speed, ea a and process variables, such as pressure, gf 2 = = 2 2 temperature, flow, or power. Trend plots are used to detect changes in these important parameters. They are used for both long and short term monitoring of machinery in all types of service and are, typically, a kind of a steady state plot. Alarm value and different output measurement types like RMS, Peak and Pk- Pk may be logged into the graph. Impulse M For accessing to Impulse magazine archive you can download them from below link: ne http:!/abpvibro.com/page/main/Impulse%20MagazinePr YAZD UNIVERSITY Measurement & Analysis of Vehicle Vibration ject =" Dr. Mansour Rafeeyan Associate Professor Department of Mechanical Engineering, Yazd University Tel: (+98) 35-31232498 Measurement and analysis of a desert passengers especially at idle speed Vehicle vehicle chassis vibration was the purpose of body is subject to various excitation forces this study performed at vibration laboratory of | such as engine combustion and road bumps, Yazd University Iran. The aim of the project which could degrade ride comfort and handling was to decrease vibrations transmitted to of the vehicle if not taken into account. a Sensor Installation under the Seat \VibroRack1000 and Vibration Sensors 10Vibration attenuation is of paramount importance in the design of vehicles. In this study VibroRack 1000 vibration measurement system was used for vibration measurement and analysis of a desert vehicle. First of all vibration of 005 005 Accelrtion (ved) 8 oot & ois oO 0 = Frequency He) Vehicle mode shape Project and directions on body and chassis were measured and recorded. FFT of vibration measured horizontal and vertical under the driver seat is depicted below. + aor ‘Reeaeion fied tm) g a ‘0 ~ Frequency 2) As it can be seen on frequency plots above there are high amplitudes at 30 Hz vibration while engine running on idle speed 15 Hz. So there seems to be high 2X amplitudes at idle speed. Research team suspected of a resonance near 30 Hz, so experimental and finite element modal analysis were performed to find any possible nearby natural frequencies. Analysis showed a translational resonance near 30 Hz. The corresponding mode shape is shown. In fact results indicated that 3rd natural frequency of the chassis was 30.4 Hz too near to 30Hz which is two times (2X) idle speed (15 Hz) and therefore caused disturbances to the passenger seats as a result of high vibrations due to exciting forces with frequencies near a natural frequency. To decrease vibration transmitted to body, changes should be applied to the chassis in a way to either increase or decrease mentioned natural frequency to either 25 Hz or 35 Hz, so that when engine working at idle (15 Hz), 2X component of the forcing function will not excite any natural frequencies of the system. m 1Project ZANJAN POWER PLANT Flexible Rotor Balancing Of Gas Turbine Flexible rotor is defined as a rotor which exhibits considerable lateral deformation near or below its, maximum design speed, in other words flexible rotor is a rotor which passes or is operated near one or more of its lateral critical speeds. Flexible rotors cannot be just balanced in two planes and would need to be balanced in the vicinity of all critical speeds below the maximum design speed of the rotor. It is also often necessary to balance a flexible rotor at its operating speed. Therefore balancing flexible rotors needs special tools such as a vibration analyzer capable of phase and amplitude measurement. Moreover it should be able to plot amplitude vs. speed, phase vs. speed and amplitude vs. phase graphs also known as polar plot and Bode plot. In this study balancing of flexible power generating turbine is of interest. Turbo generator discussed here is a 162 MW gas turbine from Siemens Company called V94.2 in the company. Zanjan power plant located in Iran has four V94.2 Siemens gas turbines which are all protected by Vibrometer™ vibration sensors. Vibration sensor points and type is shown on the picture. gh Tempeatae Astomsas Mra tow Spe Ss hae gavbox mt pen 60 eatin ean Radi Degen ‘iy Core eb NING Vibration Sensor Installation on Different Parts of Gas Turbine bre Maced apn a PE nee "Snlton eau Sat 12Projec For absolute vibrations were measured by Vibrometer™ CA303 and CE136 accelerometers and relative shaft vibrations were measured by Vibrometer™ CMSS 68 eddy current displacement sensors. Since these systems all acted just as a protection system, ABP VibroRack 1000 was installed on site to use the buffered output of the protection system so as to enable the rer 40 grams were used at disk stage compressors to balance the rotor and decrease vibration amplitudes to below 100 micrometer at peaks of the resonance. engineers to use condition monitoring and flexible shaft balancing module. Weights near Amplitude (micrometer) 200 00 60) 800. 1000 1200 1400 r600 1E00 2000 2200 2400 2600 2800 3000 3200 ‘ FPM 300 eo B88 & [I Phase (Degree EEE BEATTIE : BProject Plots are from 2 displacement probes at drive end and non drive end of turbine. Figures below show the polar plot near resosonance of mode taround 1000 RPM.as seen tin the pictures it seems to be two modes near each other, while in fact they are both one bending mode but a bit distorted in horizontal and vertical directions. As of difference in 14 horizontal and vertical stiffness of the bearing housings usually horizontal direction is softer than vertical so there is a gap of 100 RPM between horizontal and vertical rsonances of the same mode shape. The same applies to 2" bending mode near 2000 RPM depicted below.Product Reference Modal Kit > MODEL: TS400 This product can be used in modal testing and vibration laboratories for training students on how to extract bending frequencies of a simple free-free beam and compare the natural frequencies with finite element models and analytic solutions. It includes three beams with different materials and geometric dimensions. User can calculate the frequencies and plot mode shapes, and then compute them by experimental approach with VibroRack-1000. Modal testing is performed with one modal hammer and one accelerometer and then results are analyzed in modal analysis package. This procedure can also be used for training of model updating to students. Wee Cie POT ae 270°20°7 mm 488 270*20*5 mm 237 270*20*5 mm Vibro-Modal Vibro-Modal Software: Software can compute the natural frequencies and damping ratios as well as mode shapes of the system Moreover, mode shapes may be animated for each mode and maximum response nodes of the system are highlighted 15MODAL TESTING Mohammad Asadi Mechanical Engineer m.asadi@abpvibro.com Tel: (+98) 21-88481873 Department of Condition Monitoring, ABPVibro Co, that finite element model of a structure is reliable to simulate structure response under Fe ‘element model updating is a mathematical and experimental approach to make sure different loading conditions. Indeed, it is the main part of verification and validation of numerical models. This process is followed in several steps listed here in sequence. ‘Selection of the domain in which data presentation is performed. Our sample here conducts modal domain. ‘* Performing experimental tests in the interested range of frequency on the real structure. Here, impact modal testing is performed on the steel plate. Then frequency response files were analyzed by modal analysis software and natural frequencies, damping ratios and mode shapes should be extracted ee aes mre Pee Ca aceon sce is applied to extract the natural frequencies See Net eee me er Mom plate with 205 mm width, length and 2 mm eum SM mols Pee coy in figure. Plate was meshed by a pen and ruler in four rows and four columns Pee cM Lae nao ed Pees et Mile Comtesse] Pt Renee aaa eS ele eMule a 16 * Creating a finite element model in a software package and extracting the above data from the software. + Comparison of results between simulation and experiments and modifying the software so as to decrease error in results. Checking the model predicted data to ensure model is validated with other mode shapes and frequencies. Modal TestingFrequency response files were measured on numbered nodes and all recorded into fir files with 3 averages and 10 % force, 50 % exponential windows, 10000 Hz sampling frequency and 20000 data samples in each Case Study frame. Recorded data was analyzed by Global-M modal analysis computing method in. ICATS© software. Natural frequencies and mode shapes were extracted and saved into results files. > Finite element model of the plate was also created in ANSYS© software by using plane and spring modeling. Finite element model is also shown in the picture. Natural frequencies and mode shapes were extracted both from experimental method and computational method, > Table below shows the comparison between experimental and computational results with error percentage. Cece CC ca et (G3) 1 118 12125 2 161 168 4.3 3 250 210 16.0 4 301 300 0.3 5 568. 544 42 6 591 592 0.2 7Project FERDOUSI MASHHAD UNIVERSITY Modal Testing Case Study Dr. Aref Afsharfard Professor Department of Mechanical Engineering, Ferdousi Mashhad University Afsharfard@um.ac.ir Tel: (+98) 51-38805175 This project was done in Ferdousi Mashhad results with software simulation and analytic University and the purpose of the project was solutions. Resonance frequencies and mode to introduce the students to basic concepts of shapes as well as damping ratios for each vibration analysis, modal testing and finite mode were extracted and compared to results element analysis. To this end, free-free beam from ABAQUS™ software. Operational modal and clamped plate were used for modal analysis was performed by ARTEMIS™ analysis and comparison of experimental — software. In addition to this, another test was» \ h ae performed by a shaker to analyze system td P_ i response and extract dynamic parameters of a system and measure vibrations in response to structure modifications for comparison and optimization purposes. These kinds of tests are performed by vibration shakers, signal 1 conditioners and signal generators. 8 “i 18Product Machinery Diagnostic and Simulator Kit > MODEL: TS500 The TSS00 system provides you with a flexible and modular leaming platform offering an introduction to the complex and demanding subject of machine diagnosis. It is intended to be used in vibration and machinery dynamics labs at universities. It can also be used by others as part of on-the- job training and development in maintenance and servicing, The close links between practical work on the experimental unit and theoretical/analytical aspects of diagnosis foster integrated learning. Successful work with the TS500 requires knowledge of the basic principle from the fields of mathematics, machinery dynamics, mechanical vibrations and measurement technology. In contrast to the widespread practice of solely learning on-the-job, the effects to be investigated can be represented in insolation and are reproducible. This makes it easier to provide a step-by-step introduction to the topic and targeted development of relevant experience in diagnosis, Training using the TS500 thus supplies a basis for effective and successful work in practical industrial situations. When used in conjunction with on-the-job training and development, the intensive practice that is possible with the TS500 significantly speeds up learning in the area ‘of machine diagnosis. p>Product Identification of Bearing Defects Bearing defects Each rolling bearing has characteristic damage frequencies for the inner race, rolling bearing and outer race. Thus, with a known impact frequency. The type of damage and the defective bearing can, be identified. + Envelope analysis is used to identify defects, for example on rolling bearings and gears. Envelope analysis demodulates the high frequency frequency to be measured, impact signal, thus allowing the impact Experimental set-up for the identification of bearing defects Bearing defects are only apparent under load. So, the belt force of the tensioned belt drive presents a radial load to the bearing. The shaft is powered by a variable speed motor. An acceleration sensor on the bearing block measures the impacts caused by the bearing defect. A reference sensor is used to measure the speed. The software performs the envelope analysis. > “ Field Balancing if the center of gravity of a rotating machine component does not correspond experimental set-up for the balancing in two planes to the axis of rotation, ie. it is not centered, the rotating mass of the machine component generates centrifugal or imbalance forces. We differentiate between balancing on special balancing machines, which is carried out during production, and so-called field balancing on a machine that is already in operation. The TS500 can be used to practice field balancing. 20Product Field Balancing Accessories Kit es . el : ne ‘ “wan ss » : a —= Waveform Initial Experimental set-up for the balancing in two planes The experimental set-up requires only the basic TS- 500 unit and the DSP-based VibroRack1000 vibration analysis unit. The experimental set-up illustrated shows a rotor with two weights for carrying FEmrvsecissmt out two-plane balancing. The acceleration sensors measure the bearing vibrations directly adjacent to the weights. To simulate an original imbalance, small additional weights are screwed onto the disk. The same applies to the test and compensating weights. p> 21Product Peaches Peco ee) Identification of bearing damage from-, Identification of gear damage from running noise. Various pre-damaged thevibration signal, influenceoftooth- roller bearings ing type lubrication ©_s Vibration in belt drives,resonance and Unbalanced mass vibration ofa flexural- critical rotation speeds, influence of belt ily elastic shaft; bending resonance tension, eccentricity and misalignment critical rotation speed, balancing Belt Drive Elastic Shaft 22DESA Co. Diesel Generator Vibration Measurement 1 this project, VibroRack 1000 was |< J a Te 1 used for vibration performance | » je = testing of diesel generators Yn manufactured by DESA Company. i se y Diesel generators are the combination 4 of adiesel reciprocating engine with an electric generator to generate electrical energy. In fact, a used to convert the chemical energy of fuel into electrical energy. Diesel generator sets are mainly used in places without connection to a power grid like marine vehicles, or as| ml emergency power supply if the grid fails. Diesel engine tested in this sample was a 1.0 MW, 12 cylinder V type machine tested according to ISO 10816-6. 6 Accelerometer and 1 Tachometer Sensors ‘were connected to the input of Son VibroRack1000 23Project -HISO 10816 standard is about the mechanical vibration evaluation of machine Vibration by measurements on non-rotating parts, which is mostly used for vibration measurement of bearing housings by velocity sensors or accelerometers. Part 6 of 10816 is about vibration measurements of reciprocating machines with power ratings above 100 kW. Typical examples of application of the aforementioned standard Vibration Evaluation Standard - Reciprocating machine ‘vindioe | scoussartonaierioee | Machine Class Sevety [SS ‘Gots [Pmemes [ogame [mewiree | ]2] 3 [4] * VibroRack 1000 was set in the test room. Six accelerometers for vibration measurement and one tachometer for phase and speed measurement were installed on the engine and wired to the vibration analyzer. Since the test lab was too noisy while engine running, monitoring software was installed on a computer in the office connected to the vibration analyzer by TCP/IP connection. 24 150 10816= 6: 1995 are marine propulsion engines, engines in diesel generator sets, gas compressors and engines for diesel locomotives. It uses RMS overall vibration value for the Classification of machine over the range from 2 to 1000 Hz. Sample recommended measurement points are shown in the picture. Different vibration severity grades and levels used to assess the state of the machine are shown in the table. 3‘ First test was run on idle position at 500 RPM no load condition. The following pictures show results. As overall vibration for different points is below 11 mm/sec for class Il oe Bar graph in no load condition ‘Thad ‘| ad ‘+ Then the engine was set to full load condition at 1500 RPM and vibration was recorded for the period of test. Over all vibration values for full load 15000 RPM is uuu gaa Bar graph in full load condition 2 a ‘| “| Wied i machine everything is fine. FFT spectrum of different points is also shown which indicate peaks at 1X, 2X, 3X... (3X in these machines is the combustion frequency of cylinders). shows increase in vibration in comparison with idle 500 RPM test. Trend of vibration for the test period is also shown in the picture. 25Case Study nbalance is the most common source U of vibration in rotating equipment. Rotor unbalance may be defined as a situation in which the geometric center and the center of mass do not coincide. In reality, these centers never coincide exactly, but the goal of rotor balancing is to reduce the unbalance to the point that machine life is not negatively impacted by the residual unbalance. The balancing technician attempts to bring the center of mass and the geometric center to the same point or close enough to meet a predetermined balance standard. There will always be some residual unbalance. A rotor that operates at a Single Plane Balancing: For this test one aluminum disk was installed on the middle of the shaft, one accelerometer rotational speed below 70 percent of its critical speed is considered to be a rigid rotor. The critical speed is the speed at which resonance occurs by exciting its natural frequency. Ninety percent or more of rotors are rigid Rigid rotors can be corrected in any two correction planes. After the correction, the residual unbalance does not change significantly at any speed up to the maximum service speed, Based on the ratio of length to diameter of rigid rotors are balanced in one or two planes. In this application balancing module of VibroRack 1000 is shown by running tests on ‘TS-500 vibration training table. + ‘on one bearing and one optical tachometer in front of the aluminum disk. 26Accelerometer was used to measure vibrations and tachometer to read the phase of vibration and speed of shaft. Shaft was set, to rotate at 1280 RPM and vibration was [ets] voworm [nina stor | a Seed on: Case Study measured. Trial mass was installed and finally, balance mass calculated by the software. + segs | Worm ST | saz | soit iniial Ran Pet sexo: sees a ial un {ngs | Wontar | waa Solon [apt After installing the final balancing mass, comparison of before and after balancing procedure is shown in a page to evaluate the effectiveness of balancing on overall vibration of the bearing. As shown in below unbalance has reduced vibration of bearing from 0.029 g to 0.004 g i.e. nearly 80% of vibration has been eliminated. 27Case Study > Two Plane Balancing: When the length to diameter ratio of the shaft + Addition of one trial mass to plane 1 and increases, two plane balancing method is vibration measurement used. In this method 2 vibration transducers Addition of one trial mass to plane 2 and for vibration measurement. The procedure is vibration measurement as follows: + Calculation of balancing masses +» Measurement of initial vibrations 28Behineh Pardazesh Arman (ABPVibro) Co Tehran, Iran (+98)21 88481873-5, www ABPVibro.com Info@ABPVibro.com (©2017 ABPVibro Ltd