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    IS-3370 For Underground Tank Construction

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    IS-3370 For Underground Tank Construction

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    3370 - P1

    Загружено:

    Subodh Sontakke
    IS-3370 For Underground Tank Construction

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    IS: $870 (Part I)- 1965 (Reatfirmed 2008 ) Edition 1.1 (1982-10) Indian Standard CODE OF PRACTICE FOR CONCRETE STRUCTURES FOR THE STORAGE OF LIQUIDS PARTI GENERAL REQUIREMENTS acorporating Amondment No. 1) UDC 621.642 : 666.972 BUREAU OF INDIAN STANDARDS MANAK BHAVAN, 9 BAHADUR SHAH ZAFAR MARG NEW DELHI 110002 | BIS 2004 Price Group 7 IS : 3370 (Part 1) - 1965 Indian Standard CODE OF PRACTICE FOR CONCRETE STRUCTURES FOR THE STORAGE OF LIQUIDS PARTI GENERAL REQUIREMENTS ‘Comont and Concroto Soetional Committee, BDC 2 Chairman Representing Sint K. K, NaMMIAR ‘The Concrete Association of Tadia, Bory Members Say, H, Moun (Alternote wo Shri K. Ke Nambvar) Suit KF aria MN, Dastur & Co (Prt Led, Caleutta ‘Cot, G. BESAMIN Enginove-in-Chiof' Branch, Army Hoadquarters ‘SHU R. 8, MEMANDAL (Alternate) su P, S. BHATNAGAK Bhakra & Boas Designs Organization, New Delhi DRI.C. Dos M. Pats Cuppou Geateal Water & Powor Commission (Ministry of Trrigation & Power) Sibel Y. K. Muri (Alternote) Sunt N, D. DAFTARY Hn personal pacity (Dutt Nias, 27 Laurnam SHHLN, G. Dewax (Central Public Works Departinent. Now Dull ‘SUreniermaoneG Beane, 2D Cipcts ( Altemate) DRR.R.Harriangant ‘Tho Associated Cement Companies Ltd, Bombay Slut V_N. PAI (Alternate) ‘SHRI PC. TAA, Geological Survey of lila, Calcutta Jongr Diarcron Stimmancs (BA 8) Recarch, Digs & Standards Organiaition Depry Dissctor Stapans Ministry of Railways) (BRS) (Alternate) Sia S. Bosal 'S.Bidoshi & Co Lid, Bombay Sin MM LA. U.P. Government Coment Factory, Churk Phor SR Misa Central oud Research Inctitate (CSIR), ‘Now Dell DRR.K. Guosi ( Alternate) SHES. N. MuKEEs National Test Howse, Caleta SHAUN, C. SeNOUPTA (Alternate) Suet ERacn A Napmawan lnstituting of Baginwers (lalla), Caleatta Site CB. PATEL Notional Buildings Organization Qlinistry of Works & Housias) ‘Suki Rasinper Stvatt (Alternste) PROF GS, RAMASWAMT ‘Central, Building Research Institute (CSIR), ‘Roorkee SSURIM. G.TAsAQuE (Alternate) (Continued.on page?) BUREAU OF INDIAN STANDARDS ANAK BHAVAN, 9 BAHADUR SHAH ZAFAR MARG NEW DELHI 110002 IS: 8870 (Part I) - 1965 (Contin from page 1) Members Representing SiO TN. § Rad Gammon India Ltd, Bombay ‘Sind SR PUVHEINO (Alernate) ‘RereaseNTanivE ‘Matin Burn Lut, Calcutta ‘Shu Near Cuan Rov Dalinle Cranent (Bharat) Led, Calewtta Srourrary Central Board of Irrigation & Power, Now Dalit Da Ba. Suman Indian Reads Congress, New Delhi ‘Sin JM. TREWAN. Hoads Wing, Ministry of Transport De RAEN ELISA (Alternate) als (off Member HC, VisyESvARYA, Director, Lofts Mem! Dypaty Director (Civil Ene) ? Seerttary sum YR Taieta Extra Assistant Dirocior (Civil Bago), BIS Concrete Subeommitteo, BDC 2: 2 oat? Sit Boat 5B doa & Ca Ia, Borba Members sua 1 Baaawaeast nein Cte Branch, Army Headquarter ‘Dil C. Dos M. Pais Cunpou Caatral Water & Power Coinmiswian (Mi wit sy ot Trigation & Power) Simi Y, Muri (Aliernate ) Derry DitaoToR STANDAKDS (B& 5) Reearch, Designs, Staarde Organization aan ot Rai Drecroe esearch Deparment, Hydrabad ‘SHRI V.N, GuNant Haneeetnta Puts Works Depart ‘SHIMLA arzey National Billings Organisation (Ministry of Works & Housing) SHRI BS. SuIVAMURTHY (Alienate) Suni C. Lanna Central Wator & Power Commission (Ministry of Trrigaticts & Power) ‘Sup PC. Hama Geological Survey of India, Caleutin Seek Nawsian ‘The Concrete Association af India, Bombay ‘Sum ©, LN. vexoan (Allernate) De ML. Pun (Central Road Research Institute (CSIR), New PROF GS, RAMASWAMLY Central Building Research tnstinite (CSTR), Roorkee ‘SiR MG. Tannenan (Alternate) ‘Simi TN § Rao Gammon India Lid. Barboy ‘SHRI S. RL PRNIEIRO (Alternate) SSuPETENDING ENuINESR, a Cental Pubic Works Depart, New Dh LE. SHRI OP. Goet. (Alternate) ‘Sun TM Tapean Roads Wing, Ministry of Transport SHRI RF. SiREA (Alternate) De H.C. Visvesvanaya. Indian Saandards lostination ‘Sus HT. Yan Braithwaite Burs & dowop Constrastion Co Ltd, ‘Calestta Panel for Conerote Codes, BDC 2: 2-1 ‘She 8 Boum SB. fochi & Co Ltd, Barbas ‘SHRI K Nasa ‘The Gonerete Axociation oflntia, Bombay DR H.C. VievEsvaRava nia Standards Institution 2 18: 8370 (Part I) -1965 Indian Standard CODE OF PRACTICE FOR CONCRETE STRUCTURES FOR THE STORAGE OF LIQUIDS PART | GENERAL REQUIREMENTS: 0. FOREWORD 0.1 This Indian Standart (Part) was adopted by the Indian Standards Institution on 19 November 1965, after the draft finalized by the Coment and Conerete Sectional Committee had beon approved by the Civil Engineering Division Council 02 The need for a code covering tho dosign and construction of reinforced concrote and prestressed concrete structures for the storage of liquids has been long folt in this country. So far, such structures have been dosigned to. varying standards adapted from. the recommendations of the Institution of Civil Enginoors and of the Portland Cement Association with the result that the resultant structures cannot be guaranteod to possess a uniform safety margin and dependability. Moreaver, the design and construction methods in reinforced concrete and prestressed concroto are influenced by tho prevailing construction practices, the physical proportios of the hiaterials and the climatic conditions. The need was, therefore, fell to lay down uniform requirements of structures for the storage of liquids giving due consideration to these factors. In order to fulfil this neod, formulation of this Indian Standard code of practic for concrote structures for the storage of liquids [IS : 3870-1965] was undortakon. ‘This part deals with general roquiremonts. Three othor parts of the cade are the following: Part I Reinforced concrete structures Part [II Prestressed concrete structures Part LV Design tables 0.3 Although the provisions of this code cover mainly structures for the storage of liquids, tho general requirements given in Part 1 of this code may generally apply to the design of reinforced concrete and prostrossed concrete structures for the conveyance of liquids, such as Aqueducte and suporpassages; the other requirements given in the code may also be applied with appropriate modifications, 0.4 While the common methods of design and construction have been ‘covered in this code, design of structures of special forms or in unusual Circumstances should be left to the judgement of the engineer and in 3 IS: 8870 (Part 1) - 1965 such cases special systems of design and construction may be permitted on production of satisfactory evidence regarding thoir adequacy and safoty by analysis or tost or by both. 0.5 In this standard it has been assumed that tho dosign of liquid otaining structures, whethor of plain, reinforced or prestressed concrete is entrusted to a qualified engineer and that the execution of the work is carried out under the direction of an experionced supervisor, 0.6 All requirements of IS ; 456-1964* and IS: 1343-19604, in so far as they apply, shall be deemed to form part of this code except wheru otherwise laid down in this code. 0.7 Tho figures 1 to 7 given in this code are only diagramatic and are ‘ended inerely to illustrate the definitions and principles given in the fe and need not be treated as preferred designs, 0.8 Tho Sectional Committoe responsible for the preparation of this standard has taken into consideration tho views of engineers and technologists and has related the standard to the practices followed in the country in this field. Duo woightage has also been given to the neod for international co-ordination between the standards prevailing in different countries of the world. These considerations led. the Sectional Committee to derive assistance from published materials of tho following organizations: British Standards Institution, Portland Cement. Association, Chicago, USA, and Institution of Civil Engineers, London, 0.9 This edition 1.1 incorporates Amendment No, 1 (October 1982), Side bar indicates modification ofthe text. asthe result of incoporation of the amendment 0.10 For the purpose of deciding whether a particular requirement of this standard is complied with, the final value, observed or calculated, expressing the result of a test or analysis, shall be rounded off in accordance with IS-21960$ The number of significant places retained in the rounded off valuc should be the same as that of tho specified value in this standard. 1. SCOPE 1.1 This standard (Part T) lays down the general requirements for the design and construction of concrete structures, plain, reinforced or prestressed concrete, intended for storage of iquids, mainly water. "*Gaile of practice for plain and reinforood concrete ( second revision ). {Soe of practien for prestreaed concrete. ‘Hulesfor rounding off aumerical valtcs (revised). 4 IS: 8870 (Part 1) - 1965 ‘The requirements applicable specifically to reinforced concrete liquid rotaining structures aro coverod in Part IL 1.2 This code does not cover the requirements for reinforced and pres: tressed concrete structures for storage of hot liquids and Liquids of low viseosity and high penetrating power like petrol, diesel oil ote. Special problems of shrinkage arising in the storage of non-aqueous liquids and tho measures necessary where chemical attack is possible, are also not dealt with. The recommendations, however. may generally bo.applicable to tho storage at normal tomperaturos of aqueous liquids and solutions Which have no deterimental action on concrete and steel or where sufficient precautions are taken to ensure protection of concrete and too! from damage duo te action of such liquids as in the ease of sewage, 2. MATERIALS, 2.1 The requirements for materials shall he governed by 4 of 1S; 456-1964" and 4 of IS; 1243-1960} for reinforced concrete. and prestressed concrete, members, respectively, with the following additional requirements: a) Porous aggregates — Under no circumstances shall the use of porous aggregates, such as burnt clay and broken brick or tile, be allowed for parts of structure either in contact with the liquids'on any face of enclosing the space above the liquid b) Prestressing stecl—"The prestressing steel for prestressed concrete members of the structure shall comply with the requirements of either IS - 1785-1961 or IS: 2090-19628. 2.2 Jointing Materials — Joint, fillers. joint sealing compounds, water bars and joint cover plates shall conform to the requirements of relovant Indian Standards 3. CONCRETE MIX 8.1 Provisions in 5 of IS: 456-1964* and 4.2.5 of IS: 1343-19607 shall apply for ruinforced coneroto and prostrescod concrote members respectively, subject to the following further requirements: a) Except in case of thick sections as described in 7 and parts of Structure neither in contact with the Liquid on any face nor enclosing the space above the liquid, concrete mix weaker than 1M 200 shall not be used. feof practice for plain and reinforced concrate (second revision), ‘Cote uf practice for prostrossed cuncrste ‘prcifention fr plain hard drawn tal wire for prenteacoed comcrote,(Sinew revised sand epi into two part. {WShevifiation for high tonsile tal hare weed im prestrencad concrete, IS: 8870 (Part I) -1965 b) The minimum quantity of coment in the conerote mix shall be not loss than 290 kg/m in reinforvad concrute work, 360 kelm! in post tonsionod prostressod work and 380 ke/m® in protansionod prostrossed work ‘Tho maximum quantity of comont in tho concrete mix shall preferably not excood 530 kg/m® of concrete. ©) The design of the mix shall be such chat the resultant concrete is sufficiently impervious. The mix obtained in accordance with the above, if fully compacted, will generally give a degree of Impormeability adequate for all ordinary purposes. In special circumstances, the engineer-in-charge should satisfy himsolf that an adequate impermeability is obtained by percolation tosis. | 8.2 Pneumatic Mortar 8.2.1 The grading of fine aggrogates for pnoumatic mortar should con form in genoral to grading zone I or II specifiod in Tablo 3 of TS: 883-1963", Note —Pnoumatic mortar is mortar applied proumaticaly through suitable nuzale; it & used, for example, a> cover to external prentressag stow or as intext Fenderiay 3.2.2 The proportions of pneumatic mortar should be such that the ratio (by weight) of cement content to fine aggregate is neither loss than 0.3 nor more than 0.5, 3.2.8.A suitable mix for final cover coat of pneumatic mortar is 50 ke comont, 4.5 kg hydrated lime and 140 kg of dry sand of such size that it will pass through 2.36 mm IS Sieve. 3.8 Imperviousness of Concrete Mix—In the construction of concrete structures for the storage of liquids, the imperviousness of concrete is an important basic requirement. The permeability of any uniform and thoroughly compacted concrete of given mix proportions is very largely dependent on the water-cement ratio, While an increase in this ratio leads to an increase in the inherent permeability, a very much reduced water-cemont ratio of a mix with a given cement content may cause compaction difficulties and thus may prove equally harmful. For a given mix made with particular materials, there is a lower limit to the water-cement ratio which can be used economically on any job. It is essential to select a richness of mix compatible with available aggregates, whose particle shape and grading have an important bearing on workabity which must be stnted to the means of compaction selected. Effient compaction preferably by vibration is essential. In practice, it is usually convenient, particularly when dealing with thin congested reinforced sections, to specify a cement TSprcifcatioa Tor coarse and Gne aggregate Gom natural sources for cencroto (rensed), Since vised), IS: $870 (Part 1) - 1965, content sufficiently high to ensure that thorough compaction is obtainable whilo maintaining a sufficiently low water-cement ratio. In thicker sections, whore a roduction in coment content might be desirable to restrict the tomporature rise due to coment hydration, 2 lower coment contont is usually permissible, partly because the overall permeability of the section is reduced by the greater thickness and partly because loos sted conditions. may permit thorough Compaction of a somowhat drier mix While proper attention must be paid in achieving 4 mix of inherently low permeability, it should be recognized that common and mors serious causes of leakage in practice, other than cracking, are defects such as segregation and honey combing and in particular all joints are potential source of leakage ‘Tho mixes as specified in 8, if fully compacted, will give a degree of impormeability adequate for all ordinary purposes. In special Circumstances, whore necessary, the engineer should satisfy himself by a percolation test, that an adequate degree of impermoability obtained. 4, SITE CONDITIONS: 4.1 Tho following conditions of the site in relation to the functional and Siructural requirements of the liquid retaining (storage) structure materially influence the methods of design and the cost of the structure: ‘) Physical characteristics of soil in which the liquid rotaining structure may be partly or wholly enclosed and also the physical and geological features of the supporting foundations, ¥) Extent of water-logging at the site, and ‘6 Chemical properties of the soil and of the ground water 4.2 In making the choice of the site and in the preparation of the design the factors mentioned in 4.1 should be taken into account generally as indicated below: 3) External earth pressure — Relief from external earth pressures either wholly or partially should not generally be relied upon, tunless the operation of such pressures throughout the service life of the liquid retaining structure 1 ensured. On the other hand. walls of the Liquid retaining structure shall be checked for external pressures under empty o partially-empty conditions. ») Water-logged ground —If in the sitting of a liquid retaining structure, water-logzed ground cannot be avoided, the dangers of the external water pressure shall be carefully guarded against by the following: 1) Design partially the structure to resist euch pressure under empty or ‘empty conditions and taking procautions to prevent IS: 8370 (Part 1) -1965 floating and ensuring stable equilibrium under all conditions of intoraal and external leads. It is advisablo to make the design such that the minimum gravity woight oxcoods tho uplift prossuro by at least 20 percent 2)Providing under Moor drainage to reduce the level of the external water as far as local conditions permit, 8) Providing relief valves discharging into the liquid retaining structure when the external pressure oxeoeds. the internal yrossuro; this arrangement is feasible only in casos when tho liquid retaining structitro is not required for the storage of liquids which should not be contaminated 4) Designing both internal and external faces of the walls and floor as water retaining faces, whore tho walls and floors of the liquid retaining. structure are submorged in wator or wator ing soils — The equilibrium and safety of structure and parts of not sliding and overturning especially when the structure is founded on a side long or sloping ground, shall also be checked. ) Settlement and subsidence —Geological faults, _ mining, sarthquakes, existence of subsoils of varying bearing capacities may give rise to movement or subsidence of supporting strata which may result in serious cracking of structure. Special ‘considerations should be given in the preparation of the design, (0 the possible effect of subsidence or movement of the foundation strata »®) Injurious soils — Chemical analysis of the soil and ground water is estontial in cases whare injurious soils are expectad (0 exist, as ‘concrete structure may suffor severe damage in contact with such soils, The use of sulphate resisting cement will increase the resistance to tho action of certain injurious soils but may not afford complete safeguard. An isolating coat of bituminous or othor suitable material may improve the protective measures. 5, PROTECTION AGAINST CORROSION 5.1 The type of liquid to be retained should be considered in relation to the possibility of corresion of stecl or attack on concrete with corrosion waters (as in the case with certain natural waters), it is desirable to use richer and denser concrete and provide increased cover w steel. Considerations may also be given to the use of special cements, such as, sulphate-resisting cement or high alumina cement. Where attack is likely to be appreciable the provision of an impervious protective lining should be considered. IS: 8870 (Part I) - 1965 6, CONTROL OF CRACKING 6.1 Design of liquid retaining structures has to be based on the avoidance of cracking. in tho concrote having rogand to ils tensile strength, Important causes of cracking im concrete and measures to be adopted for avoiding them are given below. 6.1.1 Design of reinforced conerete members should be made in accor. dance with the usual prineiple of ignoring tho tensile resistance of concrete. Additionally, it should also be ensured that the calculated tensile stress on the liquid retaining face of the equivalent concrete section (after allowing for the steol area in equivalent concrete units) does not exceed the limits prescribed by this standard [ see ‘Table 1 of IS: 3870 (Part 11-1965" | assuming in the calculations that the entire section of the concrete (including cover) participates in resisting the Aiect and flexural lads. The permissible limits of tensilo xtoss ih the concrete for calculations relating to resistance to cracking will naturally provide a much smaller margin of safoty against ultimate tensile strength of concrete because the consequences of cracking are usually much less serious than those of structural failure In. mombors loss than 225 mm thick, the requiroment of limiting the tensile stress as given in 6.1.1 shall also be applied to the face remote from the water retaining face. 6.1.2 Plain concrete liquid retaining structures or mombers_ may be designed against structural failure by allowing tension in plain concrete as per the permissible limits for tension in bending specified in IS; 456-1964}. This will automatically take care of failure due to cracking However, nominal reinforcement in accordance with the requirements of IS > 456-1964 shall be provided for plain concrete structural members. 6.1.8 The design of prestressed concrete members is based upon ‘no tension’ being developed in the concrete, section under service conditions, The design of prestressed concrete shall however be further checked against cracking of the liquid retaining face with a load factor against cracking of 1.2 6.1.4 Cracking may also result from the restraint to shrinkage, free expansion and contraction of concrete due to temperatureand shrinking and swelling due to moisture effects. Such restraint may arise from: fa) the interaction between reinforcement and concrete during drying shrinkage, b) the boundary conditions at the foundations or other parts of the structure, and "Cae of practice for concrete structures forthe storage of liquids, Part Il Reinforcod ";Cavio of praction for plain and reinforced concrote (secund revision). 8 IS : 8870 (Part I) - 1965 ©) the differontial conditions through the large thickness of massive conerete. Somo of the methods omployed to control or provent such cracking aro given in 6.1.4.1 to 6.1.4.8 6.1.4.1 Correct placing of reinforcement, use of small sized bars and use of deformed bars lead to a difused distribution of cracks 6.1.4.2 "Tho Fisk of cracking due to overall omperature anil shrinkage cffects may be minimized by limiting the changes in moisture content and temperature to which the structure ax a whole is subjected Underground rosorvoirs can remain permanently wet, It. will be advantageous if during construction of such reservoirs thin sections below final water level could be kept permanently damp. It will however, be impracticable to maintain permanent wetness in clovated structures which unavoidably may be left empty for a period, 6.1.4.8 Cracks can bo provented in thick walls (or oven in thinner sections) by avoiding tho uso of thick timber shuttoring which prevent the easy escape of the heat of hydration fram the concreta mass: Due to such heat of hydration, the concrete wall i raisw( to a relatively high tomperature which will bo retained during tho poriod the concrete hardons. On removal of the form work. as the tamparature of concrote falls to that of the surrounding air, the concrete contracts. Such contraction will take place without cracking if the free movement of tho wall is unrestricted, but cracks may subsequently develop whoro one oF more of the edges are restrained 6.1.4.4 The risk of cracking can also be minimized by reducing the restraints on the free expansion or contraction of the structure, With long walls or slabs founded at or below ground level, restraints ean be minimized by the provision of a sliding layer. This ean be provided by founding the structure on a Mat layer of concrete (see Note ) with inter: position of some material to break the bond and facilitate movement However, the length of the wall that can be kept free of eracks by the use of a sliding layer in its foundation is strictly limited and is related to the tensile strength of the wall section. In approximate terms, the tensile strength has to be sufficient t overcome the resistance (o sliding of one half of the Jongth of the wall. Control of cracking thus requires subdivision of the structure into suitable lengths separated by movement joints. Tho maximum length desirable between joints will depend on the tensile strongth of the wall and may be increased by suitable reinforcement. The effectiveness of movement joints in controlling cracking will depend not only on their spacing but often on their precise location. This is a matter of experience and may be characterized as the place where cracks would otherwise develop, for example, at changes of section. The location of all movement joints should be indicated on the drawings. 10 18: 8870 (Part 1) -1965 NOTE — In normal cicumatances thir fat lave of comerste maybe valor than that used inl ther Harta of the stracture. but not weaker than M10)

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