EFFECTS OF GRAVEYARD SHIFT ON THE PRODUCTIVITY OF EMPLOYEES ON

SELECTED HOTELS IN SAN JOSE, OCCIDENTAL MINDORO

A Thesis Proposal
For the Degree of
Master in Business Administration
Of the Divine Word College of San Jose,
San Jose, Occidental Mindoro, Philippines

In Partial Fulfillment
Of the Requirements for the Subject of
Research Methodology

AIROTCIV IVY BLAISE P. MANGAWANG

July 29, 2017

 INRODUCTION

Tourism Industry in the Philippines has seen to be growing

for it contributed a total of P2.85 trillion to the local

economy in 2016 or 19.7% of the countrys GDP, according to

Inquirer.net Business Section. In fact, Nicolas (2017) mentioned

that part of this development is a result due to the economic

activity generated by industries such as hotels, travel agents,

airlines, other passenger transportation services, and

restaurant and leisure industries which have increased to 8.2%

of last years total GDP or equivalent to P1.19 trillion.

Because of this rapid progress, venturing on a business

engaged in tourism and hospitality such as hotel is one of the

emerging trends today as it was deliberated by the World Travel

and Tourism Economic Impact to be the largest employer in the

world after government. Lausanne (2011) emphasized that the

primary foundation of hospitality industry is built upon

customer service. Thus, involvement of employees in the success

of this venture should occur.

Most of the hotels nowadays have a 24-hour service to cater

the needs of their guests. In relation to this, McMillen (2006)

pointed out that this impact added another shift to employees

working hours, which was known to be Graveyard Shift. Graveyard

shift forces the body to operate counter to its circadian rhythm,

the internal clock that tells us when we should be sleeping and

when we should wake. Narciso, F., Barela, J., et.al, on the other

hand, found out that employees who are experiencing graveyard

shift are constantly affected by sleepiness and decreased

attention and vigilance during and after the night work. A

studies of Sallinen, Harma, et al. (2004); Roge, Gabaude (2009);

Tucker, Whitney, et al. (2010); Van, Dinges (2005); Jackson,

Croft, et al. (2013); Patel, Gomez, et al. (2008); and Liviya,

Freak-Poli, Peeters (2014) have shown that long-term night-time

sleep deprivation and monotonous and prolonged tasks impair the

performance tasks that require attention and memory, slow the

reaction time, promote postural instability, and increase

subjective sleepiness.

With the foregoing statements, the need to determine the

effects of graveyard shift on the productivity of employees in

selected hotels in San Jose, Occidental Mindoro motivated the

researcher to conduct this study.

STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM

1. What is the employees profile in terms of:

1.1 Age;

1.2 Gender;

1.3 Civil Status;

1.4 Place of Residence; and

 1.5 Job Position?

2. What is the level employees attitude towards productivity?

3. What is the level of motivation of the employees in terms

of:

1.1 achievement;

1.2 attribution; and

1.3 self-growth?

4. What is the level of employees productivity in terms of:

1.1 sleepiness;

1.2 hours of wakefullness; and

1.3 states of attention and vigilance?

5. Is there a significant relationship between employees

profile and their attitude?

6. Is there a significant relationship between employees

profile and their motivation?

7. Is there a significant relationship between employees

profile between their productivity?

8. Is there a significant relationship between employees

attitude and their productivity?

9. Is there a significant relationship between motivational

factors and their productivity?

10. What development program will strengthen the productivity

of employees?
 STATEMENT OF HYPHOTHESIS

1. There is no significant relationship between employees

profile and their attitude.

2. There is no significant relationship between employees

profile and their motivation.

3. There is no significant relationship between employees

profile and their productivity.

4. There is no significant relationship between employees

attitude and their productivity.

5. There is no significant relationship between employees

motivation and their productivity.

 CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK

IV IV
EMPLOYEES PROFILE EMPLOYEES:

Age Attitude

Gender Motivational Factor

Civil Status - achievement

Place of Residence - affiliation

Job Position - self-growth

DV

EMPLOYEES PRODUCTIVITY

Absenteeism
Punctuality
Job Satisfaction

Development Program that will

strengthen the productivity of
employees

TREATMENT OF DATA

The data to be gathered will be recorded, tabulated,

and analysed through the help of SPSS software by means of the

following statistical measures. (see next page)

 1. Percentage This will be used to determine the proportion

of the employees profile in terms of age, gender, civil

status, place of residence, and job position.

Formula:

% = f/n x 100

Where:

% = Percentage

= Frequency

n = Total Number of Cases

100 = Constant Variable

2. Mean This will be used to determine the mean of

employees age, and the employees attitude and motivation

towards productivity.

Formula:

X = Fx/N

Where:

X = Mean

F = Frequency

x = Midpoint/ Weight

N = Total Number of Cases

For better understanding of the quantitative form of the

description, the following scales were used:

Scale (x) Descriptive Rating (DR)

5 (4.20 5.00) Always (A)

 4 (3.40 4.19) Usually (U)

3 (2.60 3.39) Sometimes (SO)

2 (1.80 2.59) Seldom (SE)

1 (1.00 1.79) Never (N)

3. Pearson R Test This will be used to determine the

significant relationship between employees profile and

their attitude; between employees profile and their

motivation; between employees profile and their

productivity; between employees attitude and their

productivity; and between employees motivation and their

productivity.

Formula:

[ ][ ]

Where:

N = number of pairs of scores

xy = sum of the products of the paired scores

x = sum of x scores

y = sum of y scores

x2 = sum of squared x scores

y2 = sum of squared y scores

RESPONDENTS
 The study involved the total number of graveyard shift

employees, both in rank-in-file and supervisory level, from

selected hotels in San Jose, Occidental Mindoro for more

convenient distribution and retrieval of the questionnaire.

The following hotels covered by the study are enumerated as

follows:

a. Sikatuna Beach Hotel and Restaurant

b. Seasons Hotel

c. JDS Hotel

VALIDATION OF INSTRUMENT

The completed outline of questionnaire will be tested to

the employees of selected hotels in San Jose, Occidental

Mindoro to establish its face and content validity.

The researcher will ask assistance from the Professors of

the Divine Word College of San Jose Graduate School to assess

the applicability and appropriateness of the items in the

questionnaire. Evaluation and suggestions will be taken into

consideration for the improvement of the instrument.

RELIABILITY OF THE INSTRUMENT

The coefficient of internal consistency among the sets of

items in the questionnaire will be determined using the split-

half method among the number of respondents needed in this

study.

The reliability of coefficient will be automatically

calculated. A result of .08 and higher is considered to be good.

REFERENCES

BOOKS

Bueno, D. & Matriano, E. (2016). Research Writing for Business

for Business and Hospitality Management. Quezon City: Great
Books Trading.

McClelland, D. (2015). The Achievement Motive. New York City:

Appleton-Century-Crofts.

JOURNALS

Narciso, F., Barela, J., et.al. (2016). Effects of Shift Work on

the Postural and Psychomotor Performance of Night Workers.
PLos One, 11 (4), e0151609.

THESES AND DISSERTATIONS

Domingo, M. (2014). Factors Affecting the Entrepreneurial

Characteristics of Graduating Business Education Students
in Occidental Mindoro State College. Masters Thesis.
Divine Word College of San Jose, San Jose, Occidental
Mindoro.

ELECTRONIC SOURCES

Chand, S. (2016). Motivation Theories: Top 8 Theories of

Motivation Explained! Retrieved on July 28, 2017 from
http://www.yourarticlelibrary.com/motivation/motivation
theories-top-8-theories-of-motivation-explained/35377/