256 Further reading

Damping
Those looking for an understanding of damping that goes beyond the simple viscous dash-
pot model used here should consult:

Bert, C.W. (1973) Material damping: An introductory review of mathematical models, measures and
experimental techniques. Journal of Sound and Vibration, 29, 129153.
Jeary, A.P. (1997) Damping in structures. Wind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics, 72, 345355.
Smith, R., Merello, R., and Willford, M. (2009) Intrinsic and supplementary damping in tall buildings.
Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers: Structures and Buildings, 163, SB2, 111118.

Some useful conceptual discussions of dynamics (as well as statics) can be found in

Ji, T., and Bell, A. (2008) Seeing and touching structural concepts. Taylor & Francis, Abingdon
(Chapters 1319).

and the accompanying website: http://www.mace.manchester.ac.uk/project/teaching/civil/structural

concepts/home.htm

CHAPTERS 2 AND 3: SDOF AND MDOF SYSTEMS

These chapters cover the most widely used elements of structural dynamics. Several texts
cover this material at greater length than here among the best are

Chopra, A.K. (2011) Dynamics of structures: Theory and applications to earthquake engineering. 4th
ed., Prentice Hall, Englewood Cliffs, NJ.
Clough, R.W., and Penzien, J. (1993) Dynamics of structures. 2nd ed., McGraw Hill, New York.

The earthquake spectra introduced in Chapter 2 are fully specified in the European earth-
quake engineering design code: EN1998-1. Eurocode 8: Design of structures for earthquake
resistance, Part 1: General rules, seismic actions and rules for buildings. European Committee for
Standardisation.

Human-structure interaction
Vibrations caused or experienced by humans in structures such as footbridges, stadiums and
lightweight floors are considered in

Bachmann, H. et al. (1994) Vibration problems in structures: Practical guidelines. Birkhauser, Basel.
Ellis, B.R., and Ji, T. (1997) Human-structure interaction in vertical vibrations. Proceedings of the
Institution of Civil Engineers: Structures and Buildings, 122, 19.
Institution of Structural Engineers. (2008) Dynamic performance requirements for permanent grand-
stands subject to crowd action. Institution of Structural Engineers, London.
Zivanovic, S., Pavic, A., and Reynolds, P. (2005) Vibration serviceability of footbridges under human-
induced excitation: A literature review. Journal of Sound and Vibration, 279, 174.

Tuned mass dampers

The idea of using a secondary, oscillating mass as a vibration absorber was developed in the
early 20th century and the pioneering work of den Hartog is still widely cited today. It is
most readily available in recent reprints of his classic book:
den Hartog, J.P. (1985) Mechanical vibrations. 3rd ed., Dover Publications (Chapter 3).