-

2008
 81.2 . -
72
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
72 . .: 10 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
, 2008. 480 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
ISBN 978-5-7931-0596-5
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
. .
, . . - I
- , . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28
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. . . . . . . . . 30, 39
81.2 . .
1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46
. ., 2003 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50
ISBN 978-5-7931-0596-5 , 2006
7- . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65, 67
1- . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 93, 101
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 94
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 101
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 104, 114
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2) / ... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 126
3) ... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 131
4) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 143

5) ... ... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 148
6) ... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 165
17.08.07. 6088/16. Times.
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8) ... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 173

9) ? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 178
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11) ... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 195
- . 12) ! ! . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 200
, . , . , . 45 . 13) ... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 205

2 3
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15) ... ... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 214
16) () ... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 217 -
17) () ... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 219
18) () ... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 221 =
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22) ... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 237 , ...
23) , to ... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 241
24) , ... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 245 -
25) ... ... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 247 -
26) ..! . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 251 -
27) , ... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 253 ...
28) , ... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 257
29) , ... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 259
4 . . . . . . . . . . . . 265 !!!
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III. - . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 279 , ,
2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 280 -?
2- . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 288 , ,
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5- . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 331 - -
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the same = , , ;
.
(= +(e)S).

56 57
 3.
(= 9 + 9 ).

( )
: :

1) mn = mn =
( ) 2) womAn w = womn w =
(= +(e)S ), 3) child = children =
4) foot = () feet =
: 5) mouse = mice =
6) louse = lice =
= , , .. = , , 7) tooth 6 = teeth 6 =
8) goose = geese =
book boy .. 9) ox = oxen = .

= , , .. = , ,
bookS boyS .. , , -
+()S :
M = , , , ..
water schoolboyS, housewiveS,
w,

NB. 9
! :
FrenchmAn FrenchmEn
,
.
9 , -
,
, ,
, (
:
),
!!! father-in-law fatherS-in-law = , , ;
1000 = ,
= (= +(e)S) passer-by passerS-by = ;
.

9+9 , son of a bitch sonS of a bitch = ,

. .

58 59
NB 1. -- , -
, , ,
() , ,
, , . , ( )
.
, , !
: algA = ,
: algAE = , +S
--?
datum data = ,
criterium criteria = , :
curriculum curricula = , I fax e faxEs = .
stimulus stimuli = ,
: One bush Many bushEs = ,
crisis crises = . W
..
: phenomeNON = ,
: phenomeNA = . .

, - ,
: , -
: ! -
( ):
formula formulae = formulas,
index indices = indexes. (= ) ,
,
(= Plural) -
pl.. (, , ..).

NB 2. /- (= ) ,
--, +eS (=
(, , ..).
, , ?), - :
, (- )
, 2- 3- +(e)D
+eR +eST). ( +()S);
60 61
 ) /- : 3:

,
an/a ( . 97).
-(-) = = hundred
= 6 = thousand
NB 3. 1:
- 51 ,
.. -1, = = AND.
, ,
-

!:

AND = ,
31 , -: 31 guyS 31 ;
21 21 spoonS 21 c, :
..; 505 = five hundred AND five
( : ),
2: 502 = five thousand AND twenty one 6
w w

(hundred, thousand,
(= ...-), ... , ... /-/- million, billion ..) ,
... /-/- .. , ,
, :
,
TenS of trees = .
.. :
HundredS of boys = .
500 = = five hundreD , ,

5000 = 6 = five thousanD, 6,
ThousandS of girls = .
5000 000 = = five millioN, ,
5000 000 000= = five billioN , .

MillionS of refugees = ;

:
4
5000 = five GRAND, five grandS = 5 , 5 ,
( . ):

-
20 QUID = w w, 20 quidS = 20
(); , , ,
:

62 63
 105 = ONE hundred and five :
( : ),
505 = five o five
1021 = ONE thousand and twenty one,
572 = five seven two one w
1005021 = ONE million five thousand and twenty one.

- , .
(. . 94), -
= : 4.
, !!!
125 = A hundred and twenty five = w ,
1087 = A thousand and eighty seven = 6 , ,
1005 = A thousand and five = 6 . .. , ,
: :
1700 = A thousand seven hundred, , , , , ...
 6
( !): , --
Seventeen hundred, (. 4 15- . 46).
,
.: C .
7 (. 7- ),
: 7
, - , , .
( ) , ,
, , -
, 1816 : = LOVE .
!
EIGHTEEN UNDRED AND SIXTEEN,
 , 7 :
: .
1. LOVE;
, (- 2. + LOVED;
) 3. + LOVED;
, - 4. + LOVES;
, 5. to LOVE;
, - . 6. + LOVING;

64 65
 ) + ) + LOVING
7. +
{ ) +
= BE +
{ ) + LOVED (3- ).
7- .
(3- )
1- .
7 .

LOVE ,
7 ! /,
.
7
.
!
:
.
1) ;
2- 3- 2)
, - (= +()D). (.. );
3)
( ( dont/doesnt/didnt/wont);
+()D) 4)
( Do?/Does?/Did?/Will?);
,
5) (
, do !/ does !/ did !/Do !);
- 6) ,
, , +()D! ( []
);
- 2- 3- 7) (. . 6);
!!! 8) let, make + 6
:
( !!!).
feel, hear, see, notice, observe, watch;
178 9) , ;
10) , Dont !;
( =
11) ;
[ !!!] ),
,
12) I, you,
, 80 , , we, they
... ;
13) ,
66 67
 2- .
/,
:
: LOVED = = , a.

We have no FAX W = (?) : I loveD him = .

(= ).
!!!
We FAX you every week =
- ?
W w. ( ? = ).
+()D = () !!!
We have no FAX paper =
W . (? = ). D
--
: ( !!!),
!!!

W = We LOVE our children.
= . , , driftD (= ) - -
, --
= I KNOW him = . , ?
! = DO it for me!
= ! 2- (= ),
,
: (, ,
+(e)D),
DONT, DOESNT, DIDNT, WONT, DO?, DOES?, DID?, WILL?, - !!!
CAN, OULD, MAY, MIGHT, MUST, OUGHT TO, WILL,
, 2- !!!
SHALL, SHOULD, WOULD, NEEDNT, ...D RATHER, ...
D BETTER, CANT, COULDNT, MAY NOT, MIGHTNT, MUSTNT, ? . !
WONT, SHALL NOT, SHOULDNT, WOULDNT, ...D RATHER .
(NOT), ...D BETTER (NOT). !

, 3- .

; (= +()D),
, +()D

68 69

( !) ,
- :
3- !!! He IS killED = () (= ).
: .
) KILLED ( kill = )
!
(),
/-, -/, /- .. NB 1. : -,
(= )
+D
( ),
+ED (- -)
- be
, ( )
, ,
.
!!!
:
He WAS killED = .
paint = ,
w .
paintED = (-) /(),
/. WILL BE killED = , ..;
killED soldier = . w .
.
:
, , ()/ NB 2.
/ -t -d,
+()D = () !!! +ED ,
() :
, (, SPOT = , SPOTTED = ; /.
),

(= : countED)!!! .
3- (=
: ) ,
, +D
-- !
( = -
, , .., , ,
--?). .

70 71
 , , , .. .: WRITE (WROTE, WRITTEN),
,

! ,
2- (= )
, - - 2- ,
3- (= ), , 3-
- (, , 2- 3- ).
, -
, - ( ) :
(= 2-) () - 1- 2- 3-
(= 3-). (): (. ): ():
-
write wrte writtEN
,
= = (-) = /,
writeD.
(= killED)
( (), /-) , - wrOte ( writeD),
/ = writtEN ( writeD),
= +()D,
.. () -
2- 3-
- . 3- .
, , 3-
2- 3- () ,
( , ) :
- broken = /,
bought = /,
1- = seen = /,
(.. , ), taken = /,
sold = /.
(: 1) go 2) went 3) gone).

(= 3- ), :
, ( ) !!! , -
, ,
2- 3- -
, 2- 3- .
72 73
 , /
... .
, 2- 3- 2- 3-
? , , = ..
+()D (, ),
!
2- 3-

, ,
-,

( ): - (= )
= 2- ,
1- 1- .) ( . ) = ;
() = 3-
2- 2- . ) = ();
3- 3- .) , = .
= ()
( !!!),
, ()
!!! (., ,
).
:
NB. ,
I- : 1- 2- 3-
: . .: : , .
:
kill killED killED
: read (read, read) = , (-), (-)/).
() () ()
: (, )
:
(21 ),
II- : 1- 2- 3- ,
: . .: : .. , ,
:
write wrOte writtEN cut (cut, cut) = .. (cut)
(-) () (, ) , (-),
(-)A/().
74 75
 !!! + ,
( , ).

1- :

+S):
bet rid
burst (rid of... ...) = He loveS = () ( ).
cast set c (-) = She loveS = () ( ).
cost shed
= It loveS = //() (= /,
cut shred
) .
hit shut
hurt (-) slit ? = Who loveS? = ?
knit split (-) = My BROTHER loveS = .
let spread
put sweat w (-) () = .
quit w thrust 6 . He readS newspapers.
() = .
, She learnS English.
2- 3- +()D,
, () = It crawlS very slowly.
, - (, ) .
(, !!!),
() ( ) = w .
!
It wagS its tail.

() ( ) = w.
! It growS quickly.
( -!!! . ); , ,
(), (), (), () ()?
4- . - ,
LOVES , ,
+(e)S (= , ).

NB.
He, She, It, Who? = -CH, -J, -S, -SH, -X, -Z,
= , , , ? :
( misS C = ,
, , , , puSH = ,

76 77
 fiX = , 1 2 1 2 1 2
buzZ = , , = w = I want TO read.
scratCH = , , = W = We plan TO leave.
+S = w =
-- = I never wanted TO love him.
( )! = We want TO run and TO jump.
W w ;
, -
, ) :
-/C (+S) , , ? ..? = TO be or not TO be ..?.
- (+ES): ..?;
e missES you = , ) :
:
pushES, fiES, buzzES, scratchES, , = I want him leave.
, , , w .
, , , , .;
, = He was seen TO fall;
w ;
5- .
) be have ( ),
To LOVE
be have (+ to)
(-, - ..).
... ... (- /):

- = I AM/HAVE TO leave.
- , -  / .
, , ,
= . NB: ,
(= , ):
= -
... , ... WILL, WONT, DO, DONT, DOES, DOESNT, DID, DIDNT,
( . 77). CAN, CANNOT, COULD, COULDNT, MAY, MAY NOT, MIGHT,
MIGHT NOT, MUST, MUSTNT, SHALL, SHANT, WOULD,
5- to WOULDNT, SHOULD, SHOULDNT, NEEDNT, D RATHER (NOT),
: D BETTER (NOT),
) ( ) , LET, MAKE, SEE, HEAR, FEEL, NOTICE, OBSERVE, WATCH
, : to !!!
78 79
, , :
to = . NO SMOKING, NO SPITTING!
, ! =
to / = () !.
, , : , !
.
(= ---- ..) to
, -ING (, )
.: to eat (, ) = ,
(= ----- ..) , , ,
to , !
,
, !
:
, !, !!
To go ,
. :
, , , - = -NG
.. , to ; - , ..
, ,
, ...
6- .
LOVING = , , :
-ING -
( ?) ,
1) -, -, -, -, - ..;
/ !
2) - ();
3) -, -
,
(swimming pool = );
7 ,
4) + ,
, laughING ING ,

: -
!
= , : = ,
run running; , ,
c = , : = .. laughING, runnING, readING, walkING
smoke smoking , , , w
80 81
 : 7- .
, , , , ,
) + LOVING ) +
:
, , ,
( ),
BE + { ) + LOVED
= + { ) +
: (= + 3- ) (= + 3- ).
c, , , .
, 7- 2
- BE
(= ), ING (= )
( [- 3- (= ) .
] !!!):
writING = , 7-
runnING = . ,

, ING - :
c ( ), -
(= ) 1) / 7
/ ING = ,
( [] !!!), 7 ,
, , ,
/ . ( ),
: ,
.
fight a fightING soldier = ;
/
cry a cryING woman = ; ( ) ,
w
sleep a sleepING child = ; BE;

tease a teasING smile = . 2) / 7 ,
,
7
, /, ( !).
ING , ,
, , 7 ,
. . 264 !!! , ,
, !!! .

82 83
 7 = - ( !!!) ,
,
(: I + was + punished = + + ) ,
: - !
... ....
, ING
, 7- , -
( 7 , 7 ) - ,
,
BE. ,

( !)
(be) !
be. , ING =
= ING , -
be = + ING , ,
( ) - ,
ING
ING = ING , - (= Continuous Progressive).
.
, , , , -
=
, ,
= be?
, ,
, -
.. (= ING , , , -
= ) , , (
!)
!
,
( !) , : , ,
= ,
+ ,
, -
+ ,
, .
, !, :
+ ??? : I am readING?
= ING = ! : , .. = .

84 85
 5 .
BE = = Tomorrow at 5 oclock Ill be What will I be packing
, , , - at this time tomorrow?
, : packing my things.
6.
:
= = She was crying when I came in Was she crying when you came in?
I AM writING = () , w w . W w ?
.. . , ? , ?
You ARE countING = () ,
.. . Am I standing? Are we reading?
He/she IS lookING = / (-), ? w ?
.. / .
We/they ARE fightING = / , Are you (, ) crying? Are you () eating?
.. , ; ? ?

: Is he writing? Are they sleeping?

I WAS runnING = , .. .
? , ?
You WERE drinkING = , .. ,
, .. B . Is she walking? Was she counting?
He WAS eatING = , .. . w? W ?
She WAS cryING = ( ).
We WERE walkING = ( ). Is it growing? Were we going?
They WERE writING = , .. ;
? W w ?
:

Will you be thinking?
I WILL BE waitING for you all my life. W 6?
 w w . (-!!!)
() .
= Ill be ,
:

I will be punishED = () . will = ll , ,
=
( !!!)

!!!
be, -
, : : = = I will BE there.

86 87
 .
I + will be + writing = + + , All their life they were trying to learn English.
! , , w ;
.
(= am/is/are):
, (: ) , ( -
) - , - .
- (= ),
7 = : At this particular moment he IS writing a letter to his mother.
, ,;
+ BE + ING
(= will be):
(.. )

, !

, 7 + + .
, Tomorrow at 7 oclock + I will be reading + a newspaper.
be
+ w + .
, W
! .
be , , ,
, = ,
/ 100%- :
-,
-! / , (-
, ) ,
BE , (right now),
/: ... ... (from ... till ...), / ... (all ... long),
,
(= was/were): .


, -
, . ,
We were playing when you came in.
!!!
W w  w .

88 89
 ? ! / + -
, ING -
She was stumbling = ( !). be = , ..
w . :

Ill sign this document tomorrow at 5 oclock. , .

, . I am tired, I was tired or I will be tired.
5.00. , w , w .

, ,
: ! ING , , -
() , , -
Tomorrow at 5 oclock Ill be signing this document. ,
 , . ,
5.00 . ING
(= ) ???

, be ,
, (is) , -/-/-/- !!!
be,
.
, NB. .
, ,
-
(describING) , -
(+ . . 473), (, , , ),

:
=
= be asleep = .. , W + = w
= be tired = .. , ONE + SELF = ONESELF ( ),
= be able (to) = .. , SELVES ( ).
= be afraid = .. ,

= be anxious =
= . , -
= be hungry = .. , .
= be exhausted = ONE-,
= .. , .. ,
90 91
 -SELF , :
-SELVES . MY = , , , , , ..
-, , YOUR = , ,
HIS = (*)
HER = (*)
:
ITS = = *, *
OUR =
: THEIR , = (-*)
I wash MYself = . NO = , ,
You dress YOURself = . ANY = ,
SOME = ; ; , -
He shaves HIMself = .
She dries HERself = . THE** , = , , ,
It cut ITself = ; AN**/A** / = (-)
:
We
You
They
defend
hurt
enjoy
OURselves
YOURselves
THEMselves
= .
= , .
= .
THIS
THAT
EVERY
EACH
SUCH A
,
,



=
=
=
=
=
, ,
, ,



}


.

}
SUCH =
: THESE , =
THOSE , = . . .
wash  w = (-) cut =
dress = (-) defend = (-) * , ,
shave = (-) hurt = (-) ;
dry = (-) enjoy = ** /
.
+ :

find oneself w = , 2
help oneself w = . :
1) (
. )
;
- 2)
( )
21 . / !!!
92 93
 !!!
, ,
( )
(21) ( -
( ), ) , (-
) ,
.
!!!
: :

my any, the your a this!!! 1) AN () - /

-

, -
, :
an, a the ...
= - .
5. n apple (: ).
.
AN ugly duckling = ;
, -
, .. , - 2) () an,
, , (= ) -n. -
, - , /
(n), (a) (the). -

, -
( ,
c Y-:
) , -
.
= - , ,
( !!!)
, - a boy .
, , : :
A boy AN apricot a grin = = ,
: a house = =
The boy , a woman = w =
The nice boy , a year = = .

94 95
 , AN - , :
-N AN ,
A, N !!! - ,
- .
,
(a a) 2
. a !:
AN A We are not animalS! = !
, h- u-. 
, , , ,
) h- - AN/A - ,
, .
AN, : :
aN hour H A = , , ?
:
A horrible enemy = ;
!
) U-
-, -. 3)
: THE () =
AN umbrella = (-),
: , / , ( ,
A union = . ) /-,
/ -/- .

-
... , -, , ... ..
h = ,
, -
( - / .
) ,
(the)
, .
, , ,
,
- .
a boy, an elephant, a tree
( = ) THE (,) .

96 97
NB. . 93
-
, 3 , ,
(,
, ,
() = A big white elephant
,
( ) = THE white elephant),

, , (. !!!).
() /-/-. :
, 1) NO
1 !!! , NO,
:
.
This is NO paper = .
E : ;
: - .
A sun. 2) ,
: :
, .
THE Sun = . my, your, his, its, her, our, their =
, , , , , , ,,
= the = , , , , , , , ,
: :
1) , , , ; this, that, these, those = , , , ,
2) , ,, ,, ,, ,:
, the Netherlands , , = ,
: .
the Soviet Union , = , I gave it to MY little brother.
: Soviet Russia = . ,.
South Africa 6 = .
.
Central Asia = ;
She didnt know THESE strange people.
3) : ;
the Ukraine ;
4) , : 3) ,
the East = . :
98 99
 SOME = , - ,
ANY = , -: ,

. !!!
.
I can read ANY English books.
( !!!)
, /
/, ,

!!!

(. . 93).
.
,
!
/ !!!
.
, : / -
= -
... = ...
, =
THE VERY BEST ...
= .

+ = NB.
MANY A ( !) = :

+ . . = I MY =
A GREAT MANY OF YOU YOUR = , ,
HE HIS = = *
! SHE HER =
IT ITS = = *,

WE OUR =
:
THEY THEIR = (-*).
=
= . * , ( )
= She haS VERY beautiful legS. , !

100 101
 !!! :
:
: 1) -
:
= I love MY daughter = : .:
. = (.) .
= . He loves HIS wife.
= You love YOUR daughter = = .
. They respet THEIR parents.
= .
to ,
= ( !)
= He loves HIS daughter =
. own = :
= .
He/they love/s his / their OWN wife/parents;
= ***
= She loves HER daughter = 2)
.
. . 76 !!! = . 2 .

= ? :
( ) = It loves ITS roots =
.
= . () = HIM
k
m
= We love OUR daughters =
() = HIS.
W .
= .
() = THEM
= You love YOUR daughters = k
m
.
() = THEIR.
= .
= They love THEIR daughters = , --,
.
= (-) .
!

102 103
 6. = =
= I dont see anybody.
, - : = =
. = I didnt see anybody.
= W =
= I wont see anybody.
... ... = W w =
(, ... NO ... , ), = I wasnt anywhere.
, ... = M w =
= I wont be anywhere.
..., ... = ... NOBODY ...: (= W ) (= will not be)
= W 6 =
1 2 1+2 = I wont do anything.
+ = NObody + came to help me.
.
(ANY) , , , ...
..., ... = ... NOTHING ...: .. - :
1 2 1+2 ... - - - .
+ = NOthing + happens just like that.
,.
+ :

... = ... NEVER ...: = = anyHOW,

1 2 1+2 w
+ = I Never + saw him.
.
(saw = () = = 2-
} =
{ = anyONE,

= anyBODY,

see = ). w = , = anyWAY.


? !
... ... + ... HOW can I do this? ANYhow!
... ... + ... ,? !
... NOT ... + ANY ...:
!
= 6 = I WONT let ANYbody destroy my life!
= I doNT know ANYthing. M !

104 105
 ? ! ! :
WHEN will you come? ANYtime!
W w ? ! 1) - ,
:
+ , + (-)! ) = each other ,:
Ill do + ANYthing + you want!
+ 6 + w! They congratulated each other = .
.
? ! !
WHICH car can I take? ANY! (ANYone!). ) = one another w ,:
W ? ! (w!). The boys threw stones at one another =
 6  w . ;
+ !
Ill do it + ANYWAY! 2) : ... , a ...,
+ w! :

ANY ) = One ... , the other ... w , ,,:

: There were two boys on the bench, =
 w , , ,
! = I can make ANY money!
! one was eating an apple, = ,
w w ,
.
and the other was watching him =
 w w . ;
, ,

) = One ..., another ... W , ,
, , w th, ( . 1 ):
[], [w], [T] [D].
There were many people in the train: =
w ,: :
, ,
- one was reading a book, = ,
, - w w ,
, another was picking his nose, = ,
th , w ,
!!! and the rest were soundly sleeping = ;
, w .
106 107
3) : There is a change in the arrangements =
, !. .
:
Please, count your change! = , !.
= I have many books.
, !.
.
= I have few books.
Give me some small change! = !.
.
!.
:
:
= I have much flour. Please, change this wheel! = , !.
. , , w!.
= I have little flour.
. I will not change! = !.

Many, a great many, few , Where do I change trains?! = ?.

, , . W ?! = .: ?.
Much, a great deal of, little ,
, , . :
Shes a clever change agent = .
.
!.
,
, .
,
. :

( !) :

1) +(e)S , 100%
The Age of Unreason .
:

) -
change !
, , ?,
:

Change is part of life = . (readS = ),
. :
108 109
 ) (bookS = :
= ), 2) be beING + 3- = ,
: , , ( !)
) - ( 30); ,
,
2) +()D , : ( 3- )
) (countED = ()c/-),
: !
) (countED = ()/);
ING being
3) +ING , , ,
() , () ..:
) (countING = ),
: She IS being followED = ( ).
) (countING = ), .
: ;
) ,
(countING = ), 4) WILL/SHALL,
: , ;
) , ,
3 : 5) N A
, !!! , ,
-,
( (?) Continuous).
-,
, = , , , ...;
be
(am/is/are, was/were, will be), 6) DONT, DOESNT, DIDNT, = -
. . .
NOT, +NT NO ... ... ... ...,
a , , /- /-
, ING ,
: ,
) , 2 : NO

1) be goING to ... = , (- )
( , , be), ( ).

110 111
 II + +
(
- ..? , be have
;
32 , )
32
. ) be have -
, , , ,
32 (, 53 - ( ,
, ), !!!),
, - ,
, /,
, ,
.. , !. ( !!!)
, /-/-/

( );
:
1) : 2) -
,
) ; () (
):
)
.
( ), . . . ()
, 7 :
be: have: *
( ):

1) write am, are have/has can

(I, you, he, she, it, we, they); 2) wrOte was/were had be able to
3) writtEN been had could
) 4) writeS is has may
, :
5) TO write to be to have be allowed to

112 113
6) writING being having might He has NO good friends

= { .
.
7) BE { writING
writtEN
will be will have must
have to/ be to
will/shall
would
We had NO change
W
= { .
.
should

* () ,
neednt They will have NO time
w
= { .
.
;
I am NO fool = .
3) o , - .

(= ): You are NO pilot/s = // /.
/c.
) NO
:
He is NO soldier = .
+ NO + ( ) .

(+ . . 124 2 She was NO nurse = .

): w .

2 1 1 2
We were NO strangers = .
I

have NO money

= { .
.
W w .

2 1 1 2
They will be NO lovers = .
I have NO big money

= {
.
.
 w .

2 1 1 2
I write NO letters = .
He has NO friends
.
= {
.
.
.

114 115
He writeS NO books = ET . I/you/he/she/it/we/they/My cat/Cats + DI D NT write letters.
C . //////// / +
+ /-/-/- ;
We wrote NO letters = .
W . :
... ... =
They will write NO verses = ; = WONT w:
 w .
I/you/he/she/it/we/they/My cat/Cats + WONT write letters =
//////// / + ...
) DONT, DOESNT, DIDNT = 4
WONT ;
c . -
, ) NOT + ANY NO,
, ,

/: NOT DONT
,
: , , , ?
ANY ,

/ ,
2 ... ... = DONT DOESNT:
,

, , :
I/you/we/they/Cat s DONT write letters = /////
no!

I dont write any books = () .
//w/,/ . ... .
= I write NO books.

He/she/it/My cat DOESNT write letters = /// I dont have any money = () .
/// . ; = I have NO money.

He doesnt have any friends = () .

: = He has NO friends.
... ... =
We didnt have any problems = () .
= DIDNT : = We had NO problems.

116 117
 , , 1) ?
have
/ ()
( be [] ). (/)
(/) ..
will
be / , 2- -
( [] !!!) (. ), :
:

We + wont be + there at twelve = + + 12.

: ( )!!!
They wont have any debts = () .
= They will have NO debts , (- ) :

!!!
+ + .
1) , -
, , - :

( ). I: II: III:
, ! ! !
( !!!) -
= = Im a pupil.
,
= = You are a fool.

= = You are an enginer.
(= I, you, we, they, he, she, it) !!!
(-) = = He is rich.
, ... : I need ...!!!; = = Hes rich.
= w = She is a widow.
2) to = w = Shes a widow.
,
! = w = It is wonderful!
;
= w = Its wonderful!
3) ( ) = = The dog is big.
, .

118 119
 = W = We are pupils.
= = You are enginers. , ..,
= w = They are workers. : , ..,

= , , - , , ,
, , , I AM , IS , ARE .
3 be:

AM, IS, ARE,
, , , ( = I am in the forest ),
= !
ARE
, , , , = you, we, they

BE
(My catS are ).
(= , , )
? = /? = WHO ARE YOU? :

- , I/he/she/it/who?/my dog + was + there = ////?/ + + .

be: You/we/they/my dogs + were + there = //// + + .
+ will be + there = + ... + .
, , .
, , . :
I am , You are , He is , , , , -
.. be = (
.., , . 119 III- ) (= RE) -
, ,
= BE .
:
= Im = I am =
, : = Hes = He is =
, .. = Shes = She is =
= Its = It is = , ,
( ).

120 121
 , , , .

? ?,
2
!
be:

? = Am I ?.
YOU , ? = Are you ?.
? = Is he ?.
w ? = Are we ?,
. ARE :
W w ? = Were we ?, ..

/ = You are a good businessman. :

(= ) .
? ? = + ? = Am I + ill?
? ? = + ? = Are you + alive?
. ? ? = + ? = Is he + here?
? ? = + ? = Is she + good?
: ? ( ) = + ? = Is it + interesting?
?
My name is Carol = ? ? = w + ? = Are we + rich?
, ? ? = + ? = Are you + married?
? ? = , + ,? = Are they + there?
:

1) : Im Carol!
- , :
!;
1) be:
2) ,
!
, :
? () ? = + , ,?
The names Carol! ! = !. = Is + the stadium there?
? () ? = + , ,?
= Is + the cat in the room?

122 123
 ? ? = + ? NB.
= Is + he drunk?

:
2) + be:
! I am NO soldier She was NO nurse.

? = W + ,? w .
= Where is + the stadium? :
? = W w + ,?
j :
= Where w + the cat?
? = W + ?
!, : !.
= Why is + he drunk?;

3) (-!) - ,
( !): , :
!.
! !

Do + you know her? = + ?
- ,
! = ? + ? ( -

DoeS + he know her? = + ? !), :
! = ? + ?
Im NOT A soldier
DiD + you know her? = + ?
! = ? + / / ? - ,

Will + you know her? = W + ? , :
= + ?;
Im an engineer!.
4) + :
!

+ ? + ? = W + + ?
= Where + do + you live?

124 125
2) ? :
= W w = We were
/-/- = w = You were .. ,
= w = They were = were:
, - :
= w = Our catS were

/-a/-o = WAS, = WERE. + = W w + .

W W. = We were + poor.
+ = w + ,.
= You were + in the room.
:
+ ! = w + !
= w = I was .. , = You were + very kind!
= w = He was /-/- = was + = w + .
= w = She was ( !). = They were + delivered.
= w = It was + = w + .
= w = Our cat was = Our friendS were + glad.

:
, , :
+ = I was +
in the South ,6
= : = w = You were
+ = He was
rich +
+ = w + w = You were + wounded.
+ = He was
killed +
+ = She was
very +

beautiful
-
+
= It was + big
(, ). ( ).
+ = It was + long
be , -
(, ).
,
+ = It was + tall
be,
(, ).
+ = Our brother was + ill
,

126 127
: IF ,

2 1 1 2 = 1 2
? = W + ,? = Was + he there? /
? = W + ? = Was + she at home?
? = W + , ? = Were + they glad?
(.. 2- - !!!),
:
BE =
1 2 1 2 ( !!!)
? = Were they there?
? = Were they glad?, ..
WERE W (a HE was):
:
, = W ,
1 2 3 1 3 2 = 1 3 2 If I were the boss
? = W w ? = When was it?
, = W
: If she were here
:
, () ! = , w! = Yes, I was!.
, = If she was there w ,
, () ! = , w! = No, I wasnt!.
, = , w w! = Yes, we were!.
!!!

NB. ,
.
/if + were, -
IF :
If I was .
1) ;
,
2)
,

( : / If + were ) !!!

128 129
 . 3) ?

, , , ,
( ) ..
( ), -
, !
-
/
,

(!), (. 5 ).
: W = WILL
= SHALL ,
. = W, .. ,
. W A R = R, ..
. W A S
( , , ). will,
R = S, .. , .
, WS , will shall ,
,
WR ( !!!). :
WILL/SHALL + !
:
/
TRee = = . :
SCuLL (. ) = =
( ). 1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
+
LEFt = = . = w = I will = Ill =
FeLL = = . = w = You will = youll =
= w = He will = hell =
..! = w = She will = shell =
= w = It will = itll =
(. 5 !).
= W w = We will = well = W
: = w = You will = youll =
= w = They will = theyll = .
- !!!

130 131
 2 (l 4 5) . What colour ? W = ?
, , , How often ? = ?
2- 3- . How long ? = ?
( ) ?

How many ? = ?
W ? = WILL ?, , ,
( , )
How much ? = ?
/: ( , ),

1 2 3 2 1 3 2 1 3

? = W ,? = Will you eat this?
,
1+2 1 2 1 2 WILL
? = W ? = Will she come back?
:
1 2+3 2 1 3
? = W ,? 1 2 3 1 2+3
? = Will he be able to do this? Who + will come + here? = + + ?

1 2 3 1 2 3

Why + should she do that? = + / ?
: W + ?

What ? W = ? ? , -
Where ? W = ? ? ,
Which (of) ? W () = () ? be:
When ? W = ? 1 2
How ? = ? Where + are they going? = + ?
Who ? = ? W + , ?
Whom ? = ? ? 1 2
What kind of ? W = ? Which of the books + is the best? = + ?
? W , + ,?

132 133
 1 2 :
When + was it? = + ? 1+2 1 2
W + w ? + = We will (= Well) + go tomorrow.
W w (= W) + .
Where + were you yesterday? = + ?
W + w ? 1 2 = 1 2
+ = Well run + every day.
How + do you do? = + ? W + ;
+ ?

When + does she sing? = + ? 2) , ,

W + ? - =
, ()
What + did he do? = + ?

W + ?
BE = !
How much + is that jacket? = + ? :
+ , ?
) ,
How long + will it last? = + ?
+ w ?
( will/shall , !!!);
How often + do you plan to visit us? = +
+ ? ? ) , be ,
!
5 :
, :
1) ,
+ = I will + eat ,
- + = I will + sleep ,
,
+ = I will + jump ,
+ = I will + read ,

(-) :
+ WILL + ( )
+ ?
( to).

134 135
 - ( !) ,
be =
be = (. 473).
, .
,
, - :
be (= )
+ + = I + will be + a soldier =
,
= Ill be + a soldier.
, ?
+ .
be asleep = = ,
:
Ill be + a pilot = + . be afraid = = ,
+ .
: be able to = / (/ -) =
I wont be + a pilot = + . = ,
w + . be nervous = = .

Itll be + very beautiful = +
+ . ( ).
be
This dog + will be + a good shepherd = + ING :
+ w + . + .
!!!

( ) be doing = , ;
-
, -, , , -
, be going to = , (-
, : ).

, , ,
!. be
!

136 137
:
+ = + .
= IF you + leave.
IM going to + leave = + . :
+ . () + = +
IF she + comeS.
You ARE going to + stay = + .
+ .
WILL w :
He IS going to + run away = + ;
when w =
+ w.
as soon as =
till = , ,
: until = , , ,
before = , , ,
She WAS going to + buy it = + . after = ,
w + . provided = ,

We WERE going to + sell it = + ;

:
W w + .

) ;
3) WILL W ( shall)
) +()S,
IF !
;

: )

, , (= +()D 2-
. 2- . ).
IF
( +()S): :

AS SOON AS + I FINISH my work, I will help you.

C +  + w, w .
+ } = IF I + run = + .
+ , .

138 139
 Do it BEFORE + he COMES! = 1 2
+ ! = I will not be able to come tomorrow,
, + ! w ,
: I wont be able to come tomorrow.
We wont be able to solve that problem UNTIL + she HELPS us. w
1 2
W w , + . = They will not be able to sing this,
, + .  w ,,
will!
: They wont be able to sing this.

WHEN + you RETURN, + Ill be already sleeping.
,
W + , + .
can =
K + , + .
( )
: .
I was sleeping WHEN + you RETURNED.
w w + .
W WILL = ,
, + .
, ,
NB. can
When ? , .
,
WILL: - : ,
:
WHEN + WILL you return? + ( )
W + w ? : + ( ),
+ ? ?;
=
4) : , ,
I will be + able (to )
..,
w + ( ).
o
. .
1 2 1 2
will be able to = w :

140 141
( = able = , - ); 4) ?

5) . . 144-145. .
.
( . . 135): .

+ = + . -, ,
= Ill + make money. :
+ = + .
! = Im not an elephant!,
= Youll be + tall.
: ! = Im no elephant!.
+ = + .
= ell be + famous. ,
+ = + + . , , , W, W
= Shell + leave + tomorrow. :

+ ! = w + ! AM, IS, ARE, WAS, WERE + NOT + NO.

= It will be + ugly!
- :
= + !
= Itll be + ugly!
I will NOT be an elephant = I WONT be an elephant,
+ = W w + . :
= We will be + good. I will be NO elephant = Ill be NO elephant.
= W + .
= Well be + good. NOT ,
/ = + ,. NO !!!
= Youll + come there.
NB. NO
+ = + w .
( !!!),
= They + wont be afraid. NO !!!

142 143
 ( not no, , : =
= w = I will not be a pilot.
) ;
= w = I wont be a pilot.
) NO !): = w = I will be no pilot.
= = Ill be no pilot.

:
/-/-/-/-/-/- = w = w
= = Im not a
will not = wont
= / = Youre no
= / = Hes no = w = w .
= / = Shes not a I will not cry = I wont cry.
= / / = Youre no
= w = I will not be afraid.
= / / . = w = I wo n t be afraid.
( ) = W /W .
() = w ().
= .
= I will not be able to (run).
= w ().
= w = He wasnt a fool. = I wont be able to (run).
= w = You were no fool.
= w = You were not fools. :
= w y = They were no fools.
1) ,
=
= w = I will not be a fool. = NO
= w = I wont be a fool. (: NO, )
= = Ill be no fool.

= ( ) !:
= W w = We will not be fools.
= W w = We wont be fools. You are NO beggar! = !;
= W = Well be no fools. !

144 145
 2) , ,
n a :
.
We are not animalS! = !
W ! (= He was NO fool!) -
, , -
, - ,
, A N
- ,
!.

: , ,

?
( - !!!).

( ):
:

NO, Im not a cook ,

- :
Im no cook , , ,
He wasnt a fool !.
, !
He was no fool!.
, .

/ :
, , ,
, !,
. :
, - ..!
, -
, ) ;
- . ) .

146 147
5) ? :

Ive got = =
Youve got = = /

Weve got = W =
Theyve got = =
Shes got = =

NB. ,
,
GOT 3- GET =

( got = /).
- = HAVE.
, :
have
= ,
( have)
5 :
..!
HAVE = . -VE,
+ GOT ,
HAS = . -S, .
HAD = . -D, ve / s got
WILL HAVE = . -LL HAVE,
.
TO HAVE ,
,
HAVING ING . (= ).

have has
!!!:
( )
( have / ve has / s) HAVE = HAVE GOT = VE GOT = GOT !!!

/ GOT = , GOT + any friends? = ( ) (-) ?
+ ?
148 149
 , T
(: -) - , ( !)
+S:

l GOT = + = HE HAS
NO = !!! = + = SHE HAS
( .) = + = IT HAS
(, NO !):

IVE GOT + NO friends at all! ! /// = = HAD

+ !
= W =
= WILL HAVE
:
C: ... = LL HAVE :

= I have a sister
= = .
= Ive got a sister.
= I have a friend = Ive got a friend.
: = I got a sister.
= = .
= I have NO sister.
= I have no friend = Ive got no friend.
= Ive got NO sister.
: = I got NO sister, . . = w = w.
= He has a watch = Hes got a watch.

( = w = w.
got no): = She has no watch = Shes got no watch.

} }
I IVE = W .
YOU YOUVE = We had children.
+ = W + = WE + HAVE WEVE
, YOU YOUVE
= W .
= We had no children.
THEY THEYVE

150 151
 = w .
= They will have a day off tomorrow. ,
= . ,
= Theyll have a day off tomorrow. !!!

= w .
= They will have no problems. - (= )
= .
:
= Theyll have no problems.
E = .
: = I HAVE !!!

II. - - /-
,
. ( , ),

have
/, = I HAVE .

have . .

HAVE = .
( )
--
,
= -
(, -).
.
- : = Nekem van ,
-
-: () = Minulla on , , (
- : , , : -
( , ), ),
,

152 153
 , ,
, , - : , ,
, -
( / , ), .
- ,
,
- = Have !!! (= !).
HAVE
-
, , -

have x -
.
( -!) -ve-, ,
, , , (= we have) c:
: 1) , , , ?
= e, she, it, Who?
, ! ( ..?), c
: +S = HAS;
, ! ?
2)
! ( )
+D = HAD;
:
3) ( !)
.
. W = WILL = WILL HAVE.
.
:
.
. I, you, we, they, cats + HAVE ,
he, she, it, my cat + HAS ( haves),
I, you, he, she, it, we, they, cat/s + HAD ( haved),
.
I, you, he, she, it, we, they, cat/s + WILL HAVE ,
, ..!, ..
: HAVING = , .

154 155
 - Weve got + an old house = () + .
-
W + .
(- = ):
Theyve got + a lot of problems = + .
+ .
= ,
= , .. Hes got + very much money = + .
+ .
C, ,
Shes got + a big nose = + .
:
+ .
Ive, youve, theyve = have. Its got + a very long tail = (., ) +
+ . + .
es, shes, its = has.

Id, youd, hed, shed, wed, theyd = had. friend = nose =

house = problem =
long = tail =
.
money = world w = ,
- ( -
VE S ) -
GOT ( , ), ,
( ), - ( -) - ,
, , ,
-, :
!
1)
:
/ / /
Ive got + a good friend = + .
( , )
+ .
NO =
Youve got + the best girl in the world = +
!!!
+ ,w. .
no !:

156 157
 ( .) + NB.

, NO, ANY ()
I have (had, will have) + NO friends = + .
: = + .
You have (had, will have) + NO money = (, ) + .
!;
He has (had, will have) + NO girlfriend = + .
She has (had, will have) + NO daughter = + .
2) :
It has (had, will have) + NO leaves = ( ) + .
We have (had, will have) + NO flat = + .
) )
They have (had, will have) + NO stamps = + .
+ /-/- + :
HAD + NO future = + .
WILL HAVE + NO chance = + . ) = =
: = I HAVENT (GOT) ,

Ive got + NO .. HAVE, HAS , HAD WILL HAVE

Youve got + NO
Hes got
Shes got
Its got
Weve got
+ NO
+ NO
+ NO
+ NO
Theyve got + NO

chance
}

+ friends = + =
= ,

!

=
NOT (+NT),
:
HAVENT
HASNT
HADNT
WONT
(GOT)
(GOT)
(GOT)
HAVE (wont = will + not) ;

+
daughter = , ) , ,
flat = - = ANY,
future = :
girlfriend = ,
leaf (leaves) () = (-) () HAVENT / HASNT / HADNT / WONT HAVE + ANY !!!
stamp = ()
NT + ANY NO !!!

158 159
 : = :
+ = I havent (got) + any friends. ! NO!

+ = He hasnt (got) + any money. I, you, we, they, catS + DONT + HAVE ANY + .
He, she, it, my cat + DOESNT + HAVE ANY + .
+ = She hasnt (got) +
( . .) + DIDNT + HAVE ANY + .
+ any relatives.
+ = We hadnt (got) + ( . ) + WONT + HAVE ANY + .
+ any opportunity.
+ = You wont have + , ANY !!!
+ any time.
: NO!
opportunity =
relatives = + () = I dont have + (any) friends.
time = . + () = He doeSnt have + (any) money.
+ () = She doeSnt have +
, any, + (any) relatives.
+ () = We diDnt have +
!!!
+ (any) opportunity.
, any , , ,
!!!;

=
3) have , = WONT w:

+ () = NO!

= I wont have + (any) goats
=
= 4 ,
(= 4- ).
NO,
, ANY
! ( ) !!!

160 161
 ? - DIDNT she HAVE + a brother? = () +
, + ?
Have ( :
WONT they HAVE + any problems? = +
? ?), Have
: + ?
2 1
HAVE you + any friends? = + :
2 1 + ( -) ? choice =
HAS she + any money? = + food =
+ ( -) ? found = 3- find () =
2 1
HAD I + any choice? = + = /
offer =
+ ( -) ?
seen = 3- see () =
WILL we HAVE + any food? = +
= /
+ ( -) ?
told = 3- tell () =
= /.
Have:
NB.
HAVENT you seen her? = ?
have ,
HASNT he found him? = ? (has)
HADNT I told you? = ? (= must):

Have 1 2
Do?, Does?, HAVE + TO = MUST = ,
Did? Will? ( ),
(can be), ,
:
MUST
Do/does/did/will have anything to offer? = //
, must !
///w 6 ? ?
,
DONT you HAVE + some money? = +
+ ? HAVE TO
DOESNT he HAVE + a car? = + ?
,

162 163
 (= haS haD) 6) ?
will shall,

MUST, ,

,

(
will shall)! ) , ( )
(= ), ,
() + = I must(nt) + go there.
1 2
,
= I (dont) have to + go there.

}
, , , , , ,
() + = He must(nt) + go there. :
1 2
+
I, you, we, you, they, My catS
= He has to + go there , , w, , ,
(He doesnt have to + go there).
.
1 2 .
() + = I haD to + go there
(I didnt have to + go there). !!!!!

1 2
() + = I WILL have to + go there. C, C, C, C?
= Ill have to + go there
(I wont have to + go there).

NB. +(e)S:
:

///?/
He/ she/ it/ Who?/ My CAT
/ / / /
+
}
+S.
+S:

!!! I eat He eatS.
.
( !!!). () .

164 165
NB. , () + ! = It + stinkS !
+ !
( )
(-) + = A man + workS in the field.
to !!! + w ,.
(. . 42 !).
.
:
1 2 1 2
,
+ (to) = I + like to run. =
+ .
1 2 1 2 = 4
+ (to) = You + want to read.
+ w . ( !!!):
1 2 1 2
+ = We + plan to get back soon. 2 :
W + .
: ///// ///// =
= DONT love.
+ = You + make it very well!
+ w! ///?/ = DOESNT love.

+ = They + wash every day. 1 :

 + w .
///////// / = DIDNT love.
+ = Children + play in the yard.
+ ,.
1 :
= +S:

+ = He + thinkS about you. = WONT love:

+ 6 .
+ .
+ = She + adoreS flowers. My friend + WONT despise us.
+ . + W ;

166 167
 ) , , 7) ?

, ,
ING ,
ING -

:
, ,

+ AM/IS/ARE + ING . .
2- ,


:
1) +()D :
:
I receiveD many letters = a/ .
Im (not) writing () = () e studiED art = O .
( ).
:
Hes (not) reading () = () 2) = 2-
( ). . = 2- /
2-
We are (not) waiting W () w = () :
().
I rn away = .
:
() /-/-/- .., 8,
2-
: (+ . . 173).
() / //. :
2- ,
, /
8 . 173. , :

168 169

= yesterday
I visited London in the year 1998 = 1998 .
= the day before yesterday ,
, 1998
= recently
.
= last week w
= last month 6
NB.
= one month ago w 6
, ,
= last year
= a millisecond ago (= 2-),

+ last ago. , () .

(= 2-)
, -
(bought found = 2- ,
buy = find = ): (. . 173).
2- ,
, , , /-
-, .
I bought this car two weeks ago = (
, w . . !!!).

, , , 2-
, ,
8.
He found this cat yesterday = .
.
, .
,
- - /,
/
( )
We learned this yesterday = .

W , .
DIDNT ,

170 171
 8) ?
( ) :

1 2
I/you/he/she/it/we/they DIDNT plan + to rob the bank
+ .

!
NB.

( !!!) :
HAVE
, , = used,
3- (= )
(= to) (+ . . 177).

, :
,
( ) + 3- .
/ / /-/-:

USED TO = (-) ,
: ( ):
:

I useD to come here every day =

. .
HAVE/HAS
HAVNT/HASNT
= + / .
}
+ +()D.

He useD to drink all his life = . , 3- () -

. , (: -
= countED count = ), :
() useD
) +()D ,
to (= - )
:
, ) 3- -
. :

172 173
 + . ,
I HAVE + LEARNED it from my old friend. Have + 3-
. ,
: :
+ .
= already
He HAS + BOUGHT it already.
- = ever
= = never
+ = ( !!!). = yet
= not yet .

Present Perfect.
:
, - - , Have we already completed the mission? =
?
Have you ever been to London? = -
?
He has never been to Russia = .
-
She hasnt finished yet = .
, , -
, - They havent yet arrived = .
, .
Been = 3- be.
, ,
, ( )
,
,
, ? , -,
( , )
- , (have, has)
,
, - ,
- ?
, - ,
( !!!).
,
:
:
Yesterday BY 3.00 I + had already finished + my job.
Have been to = !
3.00 + + .
174 175
 - !
, , , ,
Ive been thinking about you = ( ) .
, ,
Hes been trying to get it = ( )
, () .

: NB 1. - -
! , ,

He HAS BEEN very helpful these days (: so far). have !!!,
, (: ). have has

(= have )
, ,
, = HAD:
(has)! , .

I HAD already solveD this problem BY the time you CAME.
, , .
be (very) helpful, ( )
!
have, ,
:
, / !
= you came,
= I already HAD !!!
,
,
, (= )
(
): , (= )!!!

! NB 2.

VE BEEN :
+
{
S BEEN
+

ING
.
5.00 + + .
BY 5.00 + I WILL already HAVE written + this article.
+ W .
(

!)
ING : !!!

176 177
9) !

Wont be ? = (- -,
?
-)?
. Have you (I, we, they) ? = ?
Havent you (I, we, they) ? = ?
3. Has he ? = / ?
Hasnt he ? = ?
1) : Had ? = /-/-/- ?
Hadnt ? = ?
( = ), Will have ? = ?
, , . Wont have ? = ?

/, ( , !):
- !
WAS I ill? = ? Yes, I WAS.
1- : W ?
!
WERE you there? = ? No, we WERENT.
Am I ? = ?
W ,?
Am I not ? = ?
Is (he) ? = ?
Isnt (he) ? = ? , will wont
Are (you, we, they) ? = /// ? ,
Arent you ? = ? ? to:
Was (I, he) ? = ?
Wasnt (I, he) ? = ? to!

Were (you, we, they) ? = ? ! WILL they come? = ? No, they WONT,
Werent (you, we, they) ? = ? W , ? : Yes, they WILL.
Will ? = ? to!
Wont ? = ?
WONT she do it? = ?
Will be ? = (- -,
W ? Yes, she WILL.
-)?
No, she WONT.
178 179
! COULD you do me a favour? = ?

HAVE you any money? = - ? ? Yes, I COULD / I CAN.
? No, I havent.
Yes, I have. MAY I visit him? = ?
? No, you MAY NOT!
HAVE you made it? = ?
, !
? No, I havent.
Yes, I have. MIGHT she come? = , ?
? Yes, she MIGHT!
HAS it flown away? = ( ) ?
w? Yes, it has.
MUST I see it? = ?
No, it hasnt;
? Yes, you MUST!
, !
2- (= [] ):

OUGHT she TO play in the garden? = ?

Can ? ? = /-/-, /-/-/- ?
,? Yes, she OUGHT!
Could ? ? = /- ? /- ?
No, she OUGHTNT!
May ? ? = ?
Might ? ? = ? , ?
WOULD he buy it? = ?
Must ? ? = ?
W ? Yes, he WOULD!
Ought to ? ? = ?
No, he WOULDNT!
Will ? W ? = ?
, !
Shall ? ? = ? ?
Would ? W ? = ?
SHOULD we go there? = ?
Should (he) ? ? = () ?
w ,? Yes, we SHOULD!
Neednt ? ? = () ?
, !

? NEEDNT he get married? = ?

w? Yes, she CAN.
? No, he NEEDNT!
CAN she walk?

180 181
 , , , - Do ?/Does ?/Did ?/Will ?
= ,
!

,
to! 4 ? !
( ought to!);
? ,
2) .. ,
, = DO - ?, ? ?.
= ,
- 4 !!!
NOT,
:
, , +NT,
? !
=
? = DO ? = 4 ,
, ,

I, you, we, they; ( , , ),
.
? = DOES ? ,
=
= 4 = 4 ?:
he, she, it;
/DONT ? /DOESNT ? /DIDNT ?
? = DID ? ,
/
; W/WONT ?:

W ? = WILL ? , ? ?
/
DIDNT you see him last Sunday? =
.
? ?

WONT she read this book? =

!!! W , ? ?

182 183
 (l), (see, read) , = = . .
DOES the dog wag its tail?

? ?
+ ?
, w ?;
!!!

) ? = DID ?
.
, ():
,
DID you know her? DID they read this book?
? ?,
? ? ? ?
, , ), ), ) ):
? , , ?
) ? = DO ?
DID your parents receive my letter?
, , , , ,
? ?
+ :
?;
to !

DO they read newspapers? DO you speak English?
) W ? = WILL ? =
? ? ? -?
, ? ? = ?, ?, ? ..

DO the children play that game?
? ? !!!
, , ?; .. -,
!
) ? = DOES ?
1 2 1+2
,
WILL she come here? = ?
, ,
W ? = ?
:

DOES he know this lady? DOES it grow? - 2

? ? ? ? ( ), -
, ? ? 1 (= Will / Shall ).

184 185
 o :
to, 1 2 1 2
Why dont we take a bus? = ?
!!!; W w ?

3)
: 23 :

Where? = W? = ? ? ? = Who? ?
When? = W? = ? ? = Whom? Who? ? ?
Why? = W? = ? ? ? = Whose? ?
Who? = ? = ? ? ? = Where? W?
Whom? = ? = ? ? ? = Where from? W ?
? ...? ? = What? W?
Whose? = ? = ?
? ? ? = What for? W ?
What? = W? = ? ?
? ? = In what way? w w?
How? = ? = ? ()? ()? = Which (of)? W ()?
Which (of)? = W ()? = ()? ()? ... ? = What kind of ... ? W ... ?
How many ? = ? = ? ( , ...? = What color ... ? W ?
) ? = When? W?
How much ? = ? = 1) ? ( , ? ? = Why? W?
? = How? ?
);
() ... !? = How come ... ? ... ?
2) ?
... ? = How long? ... ?
How come ? = ? = ?! ()? = How many? ?
How often ? = ? = ? ()? = How much? ?
How long ? = ? = ? ? = How often? ?
... - ... ?
+ ... ... } = ... ever ... ? ... ... ?
What kind of ? = W ? = ? ? ,
What colour ? = W ? = ? In what manner? w ?.

186 187
+ NB.
3
,
: Who ? ? = ?
1) ...? = How dare you + ... ? Do?, Does? Did?
+ ... ? ( ),
+ ?
How dare you + insult her? .. Who
+ ? Do?, Does? Did?.
:
() ...? = How dareS he + ...? ... ...? :
***

2) () /- ...? = Would you like to + ... ?
...? W + ... ? WHO loveS you more than I do? = ?
, ?
1 2
+ ?
Would you like to + come with me? WHO receiveD this letter? = ?
W + w ? , ?
***
3) ... ? = Do you care to + ... ?
..! + ... ? / WILL :

1 2 1 2 1+2
+ ! = Do you care to + dance? Wh WILL drive us back home? = ?
+ ? + aa?
W ?
:
1 2

/-() + ...? = DoeS s/he care to ...?

,
!

188 189
. 5) :

, -, WHERE + is that guy? = + () ?;

W + , ?
:

:
1) () :
6) + :
WOULD you + like + to come with me?
W + + w, ? WHERE + DID + she go? = + ? + ?;
+ + ?; W + ?

2) HAVE : 7) + be (. . 5),
+ have,
HAS she + any + friends?
+ :
+ + ?
+ - + ?;
WHERE + ARE you? = + ?
W + ?
3) BE:

ARE you + all right? WHEN + HAVE you started? = + ?

+ ? W + ?
+ ?;
WHAT + CAN you say? = + ?
4) : W + ?

DO you + know ? = ? + ?
DOESNT he + know ?
+ ?
= } ? + ?

190 191
10) ? , :

= I DONT know
= He DOESNT want + +
= I DIDNT run. ( to).
= I WONT{
= I WILL NOT run.
run.

!

: .
, - - /-/-, + + :
,
, I + DONT + WANT + this apple.
+ + w + ,  .

+ + + .

, , , , , ?
!
( )
, ,
4 = = DOESNT ,
( = doeS+not),
= 4

,

:
, +S :
1) DONT , /, , ,
; He/ she/ it + + ( ):


2) DOESNT (), (), (), ()? 1 2

() ; HE + DOESNT + WANT to swim.

+ + w w.
3) DIDNT /
; () + + .

4) WONT / ?
. to !!!

192 193
 The teacher + DOESNT + write books. 11) ?
+ + .
+ + .

= NOT !
(= +NT) , , , ,
,
DID:
,
!
+ = = DIDNT,
,

(: -
.
),

: We + DIDNT + see him.

W + + .
( ).
+ + .
- :
, , , ,
No, I dont go there! = , !,
= NOT = +NT
, ,!
-
= , , , ,
= WILL, ,
: .

W = WILL NOT W = WONT: I. = :

1) NOT, /
, + . ,
We WILL NOT buy a new car unless + we sell the old one. (, could not =
W w + w , w. not me = , ,
= We WONT not him = ,
! I am not ..),

194 195
 : NO + THING = NOTHING = , ,
2) +NT, : 6 , .

) NO + WHERE = NOWHERE = ,
(, cant = ), w , :


1 2 1+2
) , , = He NEVER lies.
.
(dont, doesnt, didnt wont)

1 2 1+2
= She loves NOBODY.
isnt, wasnt, hasnt ..); .

3) NO 1 2
, t .
( ):
1+2
I have NO (big) money = () ; She does NOTHING to help me.
;

II. : ***
) NOT + ANY DONT + ANY ,
) ,
NO: ANY ( NO!) -
, / ,
NO + EVER = NEVER = , . , NO+ .
ANY+

NO + BODY = NOBODY = , ,
. ( ANY !):
1 2 1 2
NO + ONE = NONE = , , DONT touch ANYthing! = !
. 6! = !

no! = Touch NOTHING!

196 197
 1 2 1 2 2 3 1 1 2 3
She DOESNT go ANYwhere! = ! = I DIDNT give ANYthing to ANYone.
w! 6 w;

1 2 1 2
I DIDNT meet ANYone = . IV. - -

w.

1 2
neither nor , = 1) , ;
She will NOT talk to ANY stranger. = 2) , :
w .
1 2 1 2
; , .
, .
) : without + ING neither drinks, nor smokes.

(. 80): 1 2 3 1+2 3
, ! = Do neither this, nor that!
, + + = He left + without saying + a word. , !
+ w, + w;

III. ( )
= ANY
(
!):

1 2 3 1+2 3
= I NEVER loved ANYbody.
.
2 3 1
=
1 2 3
= I DIDNT touch ANYthing ANYwhere.
6 w.

198 199
12) ? ! = !
= Be nice to me!
! !
, ! =
C ! HE !
= , !
!
= Go and buy that book right now!
! !,
/,
.. , , ? , !

! : ()!:

- 1) ! (DONT !),
, 1- , ( to),
.. , .
: , DONT + ! (= )
!. you: Dont + you + !!!!

:
:
!, !
!, Dont YOU waste your precious time for foolish things!
!, w 6!
!
( = ! = Dont mix vodka and beer!
= ).  !
:
! = Dont move!
(-) , ! = , !
!
= Help me, please!
100 ! = w! = !
= , ! DONT GO ANYwhere! (= ).
= Give me a hundred bucks, now!
NO!

200 201
 , t ! = Dont tell him to do this! 1 2
,! + .
: + 6 .
C + ! = Tell him + NOT to do this! DONT try + to think about promotion.
T + ,! : 1 2
+ .
, be + 6 .
, : Try + NOT to think about promotion;
! = DONT BE an asshole! !
!

2) , + , , + :
:
1+2 1 2 L + +
NEVER + TRUST a pretty face! = +
( to),
+ ! !

..
You can regret it! = !
! + + + !.

1+2 1 2 1 2 NB. LET = , , .

TAKE + NOTHING! = + ! = DONT TAKE + ANYTHING!
:
+ 6!
+ + ! =
1 NO!
= Let + him + go! =
= + + !
NB 1. Do not:
:
Do NO T come to me + anymore!
, + ! = Let me + do it for you!
+ !
+ ! + !
+ !
: = + !

NB 2. , , + ! = Let her + buy that book for you!

.. + ! + , !
to:

202 203
 13) ?
, -:

(-) + ! = (-) + ! = Let ME + go!
+ !

(-) + ! = Let me + NOT go!
+ !
=
Let him + NOT do it! Lets + NOT dance!
+ (-)! (-) + !
= / THERE IS/ARE =
: = (.) .

+ ! + !:

!!!
Dont let + him + ( to):
/ !

Dont let + him + do it! IS

+ + ! (= // )

:
, w, w, w =
+ ! = Dont let him + grasp you!
= are, was, were, will be,
+ !
!,
+ ! = Dont let her + mock you!
.. ,
+ !
,
: (.. ),

Dont lets dance! = (-) ! , ,

(.. ):
204 205
 ! 1 2+3 4 2 3 4 1

There is + a table in the room = + + = There is + a cat + on the table.
= . + + ,.
!
= (..) + + .
There are + (many) tables in the room =
= . 1 2+3 4 2 3 4 1
!
+ () + = There are + many dogs + in the yard.
There was + a table in the room =
+ + ,.
!
= .
= (..) + + .

There were + (many) tables in the room =
! = . , -
,
There will be + a table in the room =
= () .

!
, , ,
There will be + (many) tables in the room =
= () . ,
= () . ,

,

, , , :
1 2 3 4
There is/are/was/were/will be + ! + =
1 3 4 2
NB. , !: = Last year + there was a house here.
+ w .
= There is = . + .
!, 1 2 3 4
=
( in the room , on the table ),
1 3 4 2
, , = In the summer + there will be + many people + here.
, + w + + .
:

206 207
 = + :
= be =
(, , , w, w, w = am, is, are, was, were, will be) THERE IS NO money + in my pocket = +
 + . + .


THERE isNT ANY money in my pocket =

( ):
 . .
NO
THERE WAS NOTHING in the room =
1 2 4 3 1+2 3 4
IS THERE + anybody there? = + -?  W ,. .
+ ,?
THERE NEVER WAS a pool here =
2 3 4 1 1 2+3 4
 W . .
ARE THERE + many dogs in the yard? = (?) + ?
+ ,?
NB.
1 2 5 3 4 1+2 3 :
WAS THERE + a house here last summer? = (?) +
W + ? ? There
4 5

:
there.
1 2 3 5 6 4 1+2+3 4 5 6
WILL THERE BE any shop here? = - ? !:
W ?

1 2 3 5 6 4 2 1
WILL THERE BE + any shops here? THERE is + a house + there.
W + ? + + .
+ - ? 1 2
1+2+3 4 5 6 + + .

208 209
14) ?
: w If I will come

W w When I will come .
,
( will/shall !!!):

-: IF = , + , = +
: IF = , If I + come
-: WHEN = W . () + , = + C
If she + writeS

( - + /, = +
4-5 If I + cant
, , 10)
+ = w +
: If we + have
) ,
) () + () , = + ()
If he + (only) learnS.
: , +(e)S +(e)D
( ). () + , = +
If it + happenS
IF WHEN
1 2 2 1 2+2
W = WILL = SHALL, + - = +
If he + ever haD
..
( , , + , = +
if If you + dont do it
: () + = +
, , If it + never happenS
..
+ , = W w + ,
, - : ?)! When we + arrive there

210 211
 + , = W + w , W WERE ( werent).
When I + was there
:

+ , = W w E + = + W
When youre quite allright If I + WERE
+ , = + w
:
If you + were here

+ , = + + = w + w
If I + only could If we + were rich
+ , = + w
1 2 2 1 2+2 If I + were you
+ , = +
If I + haD money
+ , =
= + w ,
If I + werent your brother,
+ ,= +
If I + had no money
IF
:
+ , = +
If I + came
WAS ( );

+ , = +
If he + knew
IF I/he
( () / )
+
{ WERE ( / ,
).

NB.
,
,

.
( !)
,
IF If I was .
BE
( !
212 213
15) ? = w .
= = She wouldNT do it.


:

HE = She wouldNT do it.
.
!

:
+ W + 1-
1 2 1 2
(WOULD) ( ):
? = Would you like to ?
: W ?
+ () + 1- ( to). () ? = Wouldnt you like to ?
I + WOULD + speak. W ?
:
+ , + .
+ () + 1- w + + w .
I + WOULDNT + speak. ( to). It would be + great if + you were here.

, .
,
W w .
WOULD D
Wed buy a car if we had money.
,
WOULD NOT WOULDNT = I would NEVER take it,
: /:
1 2 1 2 1 2 = I WOULDNT go ANYwhere.
= I would like to w
= Id like to , .
w w ,.
1 2 1 2
? = W ? If I were you I WOULDNT go there.

= Wouldnt you like to ? . . !

214 215
 A : 16) ?
I wouldnt charge my people
()
w ( )

with a mission * I myself , ()
w, *
,
1 2 1 2
wouldnt like to execute. . ,
w .

* that , = ! , ?

( - ,
) , -
- = SHOULD
. : = SHOULDNT,
: :

Neither would I! = ( )!.

w !. = !. + SHOULD(+NT) +
( to):

: + + .

1) : I + SHOULD + GO ( to).

I would Neither = I wouldNT either = ;

w , w , ,
( )!
2) ( !) :
, , ..
Neither would I! = !.
, w !. :
,, ,. I shouldnt do it! = () !

216 217
 : 17) ?

You + shouldnt + leave without permission = + ()

+ .

You + should + behave properly! = + +

!
!
= + + !
= , + ! SHOULD =
= + + ! ( !).

:
You should go and take a walk! = !
= ! + () + (-).
: I + SHOULD BE + punishED,
He + should + learn some words by heart = , + :
.
+ SHOULD BE + 3- .

She + should + obey! = + + /! ,
= + + ! - ,
:
We should have planned it beforehand! =
+ + .
!

1 2 3 2 3 , , :
Should + we really leave this place? = +
1) 3- = +()D,
1
+ ( ) ?
: ) 3- ,
Shouldnt + he shut up? = + ? : ) !!!;
= ?

218 219
 2) 18) ?
( )!
()
()
: = +
()

()
= I should be promoteD.

,
= You should be senT away. - 2 + 1 ,
c w ,
:
= He should be checkED.

1) , , , , , = CAN ;
= She should be encourageD.

2) , = COULD
- = We should be rewardED.
,
w
WOULD BE ABLE TO
/ = You should be hangED! w ;
!
3) , , , = WILL BE ABLE TO
= They should be preserveD.
, w

.
= The car should be washED.
w , ,

= The rooms should be tidieD. , , , , = CANNOT

() = The table should be clearED. .: CANT


: cannot
= The hair should be CUT shorter.
= . can, not !!!.

220 221
 , = OULD NOT Could you + do me a favor? = +
, : COULDNT, + ? ?
1 2
: WOULDNT BE ABLE TO Would you be able to + steal? = / + ?
w W + ?

1 2
.. = WILL NOT BE ABLE TO
Will she be able to + learn English? = +
: WONT BE ABLE TO
W + ? ?
w + ..?
:
They cannot + arrive that* soon = + *
+ , . .
, CAN, COULD,
BE ABLE TO We cant + stay here any longer = +
to. W + . + .

He couldnt + say anything = + .

( ) + 6.

1 2
( Do ? ..). I wouldnt be able to + deceive people = / +
w + . + .
: +

to! 1 2
She wont be able to + come in time = +
Can you + swim? = + ?
+ w? = + ? w + . + .

Could you + see her yesterday? = ? * ,

+ ? so

that .

222 223
19) ? = I need a new suit.
.
,
, = Youneed a new girlfriend.
, .
,
, = He needS some sun.
, .

: M ()
= She needS money.
.
:
= We need pens.
W .
(HE) ,
= You need elephants.

.
!

= NEED .
= They need protection.
 .

NEED = = We need an accountant.

, : W .
NEED, needS, needED, needING.
= I needED a lawyer.
, , , ,
.
a :
= He needED the stewardess.
DONT need, DOESNT need, DIDNT need, WONT need
,.
, , .
/ = You needED shoes.
,
.
(- )!:

224 225
 = needED a loan. 20) ?
.
: () ()
()
= I dont need any accountant. ()
()
= We dont need any accountant.
() - - /,
= He doesnt need any loan.

= She doesnt need any lovers.
NEED + + .
.
= He diDnt need any loan. ,
= I diDnt need a lawyer.
(- /) -

NEED + TO (+ ) !!!
= I WONT need a lawyer.
= WONT need a lawyer. 2 :
= They WONT need
1) , ,
any lawyer.
( ) ,
NB. TO =
=
, DONT ..
( = - : , , ),


ANY ,
( need);
.
2)
+ + .
( )!,
= I + DONT + se + ANY + tigers.
I / you / we / they / he / she / it:
+ + + + .

226 227
 : 1-2)
1 2
+ = I need TO + leave in the morning. DONT =
,. DOESNT = ,
:
+ 2 = You need TO + sleep for 2 hours. 1 2
. + = I dont need to + repair my car.
+ .
+ = He needS TO + send a letter.
+ = He doeSnt need to + leave today.
.
= ;
, () + = She needS + be kissed.
. 3) DIDNT = ,

:
+ = We needED TO + go. 1 2
W . + = We DIDNT need to + steal it.
W ;
+ =
= YouLL need TO + come here. 4) WONT = w:
. 1 2
HE + = They WONT need to + run away.
+ =  w w.
= They WILL need TO + break it.
 w . NB.

.

(- ), ( ):
( !) ()
:
NEEDNT ,

228 229
 ! NB 2: , - - ,
, -
( ), -,
( - : )
,
to

( neednt !) /

neednt
SHOULD / shouldnt = / :
,

: :

I
,
,


} + =

You
He, she
We
They
}
neednt + buy it.

to!
( ) + ! =

= She should + have some sleep!
+ !

+ = He should + be braver.
+ .
// NB 1:
+ =
= We should + eat some fruits.
, W
 + .
( !!!)
() + ! =

= They should + go and kiss her!
(I, you, we, they, he, she, it),
+ !
(

, , .;

230 231
21) ? 1) MUST + BE ,
,
( ..) (). ,
() (). .
, MUST ,

( , ) ) ,
NOT MUST
/ +NT ;
:
) must
,
* + + + ().

I* + MUST + BE + punishED
+ HAVE/HAS TO + + punishED. ) MUST ,
+ VE GOT TO + BE + punishED.
+ AM + BE + punishED, (
: + + 3- . will/shall).

+ . . 219 237. /
(are) /:
* !!!

-, ! 2) HAVE TO + + 3- , ,
:
4
)
(must, have to, ve got to am to)
HAVE
(= ) (are) - ( has, had, will have);
,
: )
dont , doesnt , didnt wont ;
232 233
) (= be to ) -
(-!!!) , - -
, ,
Do ?, Does ?, Did ? Will ?,
.
Have/Has/Had ?;
,
3) + VE ( S) GOT TO + + ED =
=
HAVE TO + BE + 3- .
HAVE TO + ;
+ + , , ..
4) (is)
:
AM TO + BE + (e)D, , :
I + must + be + instructED.
) / + + + .
( is, are, was, were will be + + + .
!); = .

He + must + be + eecuteD = .
) NOT
= + + + .
+NT ;
= + + + .

) be He + must NOT + be executeD = + + .

( = + + .

}
m I to ..?, Is he to ..?, Are ..?,
Ive got to + be instructED = .
Was ..?, Were ..?, !!!
.
Will be ..?),
+ .
:
Hes got to + be executED = .
Is + he + to be blameD? = () ?
+ .
+ + ?

234 235
They + have to + be fed up = + . 22) ?
. = .

They + DONT have to + be fed up
+ + =
= + .

She + has to + be + sen away.
MUST /
+ + + w.
HAVE TO
+ + + () = (+ . . 219 232):
= + + .
+ + .
She + DOESNT have to + be sen away.
I + must + get you home.
+ + (= ). + + .
= + + . I + have to + get you home.
He + has to + get you home.
We + haD to + be + taughT to fly.
+ had to + get you home.
W + + + .
+ will have to + get you home.
+ + + =
I + ve got to + get you home.
= + + .
He + s got to + get you home.
We + DIDNT have to + be taughT to fly.
+ + = MUST VE ( S) GOT TO
= + + . ,

( -!),
, :

+ = I must/ have to / ve got to + leave tomorrow.

Ive got to + go = + .
Hes got to + run away = + .
Weve got to + get it! = + !

236 237
 HAVE to , 1 2
+ = ,.
( have to , has to , had to ),
You have TO + sell the car.
.
+ = ,.
: He haS TO + change the situation.

}
I haVE to + go = + . + = .
.
He haS to + run away = () + .
. You have TO + leave tomorrow.

We haD to + get it! = + ! + = .

. .
I haD TO + call in time.
. +
WeLL have to + leave = + . + =
= w.
NB. , You haD TO + come at once.

+ = w .
must to:
She haD TO + wait for him.
to! + = W .
= ,6. We haD TO + forgive him.
I must tell the truth.
= . + = + .
You must save him. ILL have TO + inform him.

= . + =
He must do it.
= .
= W . YouLL have TO + write to us.
We must check her.
+ =
:
1 2
+ = + . = w (= ) .
I have TO + apologize. He will (= eLL) have TO + come back.

238 239
 + = 23) ?
1 2
= They will (= heyLL) have TO + pay.
 w (= ) . X,
,
,
, MUST HAVE to
,
:
,

?
MUST . :
(= has) .
+ + + c (= )
HAVE I + WANT + HIM + TO + KNOW,

:

( ).
C + WANT/-s/-ed + + to.

NB. Ho e - !

:
1 2
: , + + !,
to ( AM to ),
: I want + HIM TO + make this!,
, ,
: 2 1
:
= + + !
1 2
I am to + go there = + . ,
,. ,
He is to + go there = + . ( make )
We are to + go there = + . !!!
She was to + go there = + .
, , ,
They were to + go there = + .
(= him) !!!
!!!

240 241
 , to to, (-) -
to !!! - , -

/ ( ) , (= +()S -
), ,
WANT ( WANTS, WANTED, WILL WANT)
!!!:

I want + the child(-ren) + to + play = , t
(. HIM ),
w +, () . () + /.
,
: , + + t
( ),
( 27 . 253!).
( ,
):
, :

= ; ; , , t ,
YOU = , , ; , , ; ,
:
HIM = ; ;
HER = ;
I + DONT WANT + HIM + TO (= + ),
IT = , ( , ), ; ,
US = ; ;
( ,
THEM , = ; ; .
) , ,
DONT DOESNT, DIDNT WONT.

,t ME to , ( ,
,t / YOU to ,
,t HIM to , TO):
,t HER to ,
1 2 3 2 1 3
,t US to ,
, = I dont want the children play.
,t THEM to .
w , .

242 243
 1 2 3 2 1 3 24) ?
() , = I (dont) want you know.
() , = You (dont) want me know. ,
,
1 2 3 2 1 3
,
, = He wantS us know.
,
, = He doesnt want us know.

1 2 3 2 1 3 , .
, = We wantED him know.
, = We didnt want him know. -
/ :
:
1 2 3 2 1 3
He wantS ME TO leave = , /. + + (* = , ) +
He DOESNT want YOU TO leave = , ( ) +
.
1 2 3 2 1 3 * ( -!!!)
You want HER TO cry = , . THAT = ,
We want YOU TO start = , .
!
We DONT want YOU TO start = , .

1 2 3 2 1 3 :
I wantED THEM TO speak = , .
He wantED US TO listen = , .
, () = I think (that) she knows him.
He DIDNT want US TO listen = , .
6 (,) .
1 2 3 2 1
ILL want YOU TO drive me back home = , , () =
w . . = He supposes (that) you saw it.
3
(,) .

244 245
 , * = 25) ?
= We hoped (that) you would* come.
W (,) w .
/
, * = /
= She knew (that) we wouldnt* come back. ?
(,) w w . ?
( )?
, =
!!!
= They will think (that) youve done it.
 w 6 (,) . :

1) () MAY =
* would - ?:
( will) !
? = May I come in?
. . 363. ? = May she come with me?
? = May we speak?

MAY NOT
(= ).

, ( !)
, ,
I, HE/SHE, WE ..:

= I MAY NOT come back alone.

.

= He MAY NOT speak English.

- .

246 247
 . = We MAY NOT swim here. 2) /
W w .
1 2
BE allowED to : ,
, : : , .

) MAY, MAY HE to; ( ,

).
) MAY
BE

MAY she ? MAY she NOT ?;

) MAY , :
NOT MAY,
!
+NT MAY
I am (not) + allowed to + swim = () + .
(maynt );
You are (not) + allowed to + run = () + .

) MAY He is (not) + allowed to + smoke = () + .

( ), We are (not) + allowed to + speak = () + .
MAY I was (not) + allowed to + swim = () + .
( +s, +(e)d +ing); She was (not) + allowed to + read = () +

We were (not) + allowed to + speak = () +

) MAY ,
You were (not) + allowed to + run = () +
will/shall.
They were (not) + allowed to + smoke = () +
( ) MAY You . + will (not) be allowed to + =
,
= ( .) () + ;
may
/:

248 249
 3) CAN 26) ?
( . 221).
(-) !
, can ,

, !
, !
CAN I walk? = ? 1) E (-) !:
,
DONT MAKE + + to
AY I walk? = ? (. .) ( ),

,
- make
,
.
, :
Walk w = ().
+ ! =
= Dont make + regret about it!
!
+ ! = Dont make + HIM ay!
+ ! = Dont make + US cry!
( , !) + ! = Dont make + THEM laugh!
-, +  !

www.dragunkin.ru + !
Dont make + YOUR PARENTS regret about it!
+ !;
5 !!! 2) , - -
- -,
!!! ,
www.dragunkin-nsp.spb.ru !
( 12 ! . 200).

250 251
 : 27) ?

+ !, ,
: ,
DONT LET HIM MAKE you + !. (+ . . 241).

+ !.
to! to! 2 :

1) , , , -
, - /-/-/-,
let = , , ,
let !!!
6 :

see c =
( : 2- hear =
(are) = - feel =
!!!): notice =
to! observe =
+

=
+
+ +
! =
!
watch w = {
( ),
( ).
Dont let him + make + her suffer!
+ + ! 6
+ + ! =
= + + ! to
Dont let her + make + them regret!

+ + , !
,
+ + ! = :
= + + !
Dont let them + make + us spoil everything! !

, + + 6! + + + 1- .
+ ( to)
, , ,
. .
2 !

252 253
 ( ()
, t ) , , 10 ,
( !),
.
,
:
( !)
/ = me ,
(Mick Jagger) Rolling Stones:
/ = you ,
/ = him , It is the evening of the da-a-a--y. = .
/ = her , , ,.
/ = it , I sit and WATCH (= . ) =
/ = us , M ( ),
/ = you , The children PLAA-A-A-A-AY. = .
/ = them , .  .
= = to


, , ! :
I saw him shake your hand!.
: !.
, !.
, ,
,
, , ..?
:
:
+ + + .
+ , + + .
I + saw + HER + DANCE.
Every day I + HEAR + my uncle + SNORE.
+ + + . + + + .

, + , + + .
- , , , She + FEELS + him TOUCH + her.
, - ING + + + .

254 255
 2) , 28) ?
,
/ - /-/-, ,
:
, , 2
!
:
+ + + +ING.
1) , :

. .
, =

: = There is a necessity .
 .
+ + .
,
+ + . ,
I saw + HER + DANCING. .
+ + .
, + :

a) There is a necessity + OF + OUR + COMING,

There is a necessity + OF + + ING ;

) There is a necessity + FOR + US + TO COME,

There is a necessity + FOR + + TO;

256 257
 ) There is a necessity + THAT + WE SHOULD COME, 29) ?

: ,
,
There is a necessity + THAT + + SHOULD + ,

. ( )
:
( )

( ) ;
,
, ,
2) / -
-
, ,
- (= ):
= SHOULD
SHOULDNT, , ?
!
, , =
!
to,
:
= :
(-),
to! ( -),

+  .

You should + go and take it by force =
(-- --),
= , + .
+ (++)
= + .
(, , )
to!

+ = , + .
She shouldnt + do it again. + .
= + + . :
C+ (= + ).
, , !!!

258 259
 - Harder than stone = (= , ).
/ - , .
,
! , ?

(, hard = , ) .

- -,


+,

- ( !)
+,
.
- +ER
, ,
( +R , ):
!

HARD + ER = HARDER , () :
: + .
, / / /
THICK + ER = THICKER ,
..
: + .

BRAVE + ER = BRAVER , : Stronger than ME / HIM / US / THEM ..

: + ,
.

-- !!! (hard, thick, long, brave)

, - ,
(: , ), , ,
,
,

- THAN : +()ST,
()!!!

260 261
 - , , ,
, , , , , - = the most ,
, ( ).
the  = ,
:
( !):
This book is more interesting than that (one).
the longEST = , (),  (w).
.

the brightEST = , (), This book is the most interesting book in the world.
,w.
the shortEST = , (), .

NB: = the most
the bravEST = (),
NB.
the slowEST = . , /:
1) , -
( +D: tireD = /,
. afraiD = / ), -
3- , -
, ,
: MORE (the) MOST,
+ ,
:

MORE = , = R. more tired (the) most tired,
more afraid (the) most afraid;
- ( ) = more (than ) (,)
( )

262 263
 2) , - !
/,
4
more most. .

, :
.
. . 1) ,
-: -: -:
+eR, +eST, +eS +eD

quickly more quickly most quickly -Y,
-Y ,


likely more likely most likely.
-Y -I-.

, ,
( )
(= ) :

, happY happIer the happIest
,
: !!! ,
earlY earlIer the earlIest
( :
, ,

NB !!! feel feelING feelingS, easY easIer the easIest

, ;

seem seemiING seemingLY, :

-
studY studIes studIed
tire tireD tiredLY.
;
() ).

264 265
2) -,
-VES
+eS, +eD, +ING, +eR +eST (leaF leaVES = ):
- :
calF = calVES = ,
coarsE coarsEr = ,
halF = halVES = ,

liFE = liVES = ,
teasE teasEs, teasEd = , kniFE = kniVES = ,
scarF = scarVES = ,
( ); shelF = shelVES = ,
3) wiFE w = wiVES w = .
, /
+eD, +ING, +eR +eST 4 ,

:
,
:
beG beGGed = ,
chieF = , : chieFS = ,
paT paTTed = ,
:
beG beGGing = /-,
wolF w = , : wolVES w = .
forgeT forgeTTing = , ,
paT paTTing = , ,
biG biGGer = , NB. 9 , -
faT faTTer = . (= have) 14
, /
I paTTed her . -
The biGGest tower  = . .
The faTTest woman  w = ;
: .
: :
4)
-f -fe good better the best ,
(, leaF = ), ,
-f
-V-,
266 267
 bad, evil worse the worst ,w :
, , /,
1) ,
, w ,

much, many more the most ,
, , -, AS + + AS .
, , + + :

His flat is + AS big AS + mine.
little, few less the least ,
+ + .
, , ,
+ , + ;
,
,
2) ,
far farther the farthest ,, :
, ,
: further the furthest ,, NOT SO + + AS .
, , + + :

, This way to wealth is + NOT SO long AS + that one.
+ , + .
old elder the eldest ,
w w6 + +, w.
, ,
, ,
:
,
,
- WELL, goodly!
.
O WELL BETTER.
older the oldest, W
, . .

268 269
30) ? +S,
s ,
?

! :
1- :
the girlS room = .
, , , .
( -
), S
:
S ( +()S),
yesterdays news = ,
todays information = .
, ( )!

S , ,
, :
, ,

: 1) ,
( +S (= S),
2 3 1 1 2 3
)
My motheRS flat = .
,
, .
(
2 3 1 1 2 3 );
His brotheRS ambitions = .
,  .
2) ,
2 1 1 2 ,
LenAS hair = ,
:
. .

270 271
 ( )
1 2 3
, mother
.
, mothers
1 2 3
, .
M .
:
1 2 3
My motherS flat. I saw + THIS girlS + father = + + .

( )
, father/;

2- :
, , ; OF
,
3) , ,
, :
, ,
The hair OF my father = B .
,
.  ,. .
=

NB. , , , , ,
=
= the .

NB. , ,
OF
, , . -:

The hair OF my father =

!  ,.
= .

272 273
31) ? TECNICAL TECNICALLY
, ..
, ,
? .

! :

COSY COSILY.
/-

, ( )
-Y ,
(, first =
= ) ,
-I-
+ly = -.

,
-Y ( -
? ( ?),
) (-Y -I-),
,
-
- -:
-!
: :
NICE NICELY BRIGHT BRIGHTLY crY = ,

crIes = .
SLOW SLOWLY COSY COSILY
NB. 4 ,
PART PARTLY WEEK WEEKLY :
,
well w =
little =
FIRST FIRSTLY SECOND SECONDLY
much =
-, -
very = .
-

274 275
 : 32) ?

1) well, ()
good+ly , ()
()

2) very, , :
=
( -!). 1) 2

A -
BE GOING TO
-: BE ABOUT TO ,
: = bardz,
: = . : , ,
(- ).

:
1 2
Im (not) going to leave = () .
.
1 2
Im (not) about to leave = () .
.
1 2
You are (not) going to fight = () .
.
1 2
She is (not) going to stay = () .
.

276 277
 1 2
III
We are (not) going to wait = () (-).
W w. -
1 2 ( -)
They are (not) going to read = () . !
. -
1 2 , ,
I/he was (not) going to run = / () . !
/ w . ,
,
1 2
, ..!
You/we/they were (not) going to write = /// ()
/w/, w . ; ,
,
-
2) going + ( )
ING , : , .
1 2
().
Im (not) planning to leave today = () . 30 ,
-
; ( .. not
+nt).
3) -
, : .
intend = ,
:
plan = ,
want w = , ., 1) , +D
W (woulD), a (haD)
: -D (= -),
1 2 1 2 :
I (dont) intend to + leave = () + .
= + ( Id),
1 2 1 2
She (doesnt) want to + read = () + , = + ( youd),
W = W + ( wed),
.. = + ( hed), ..

278 279
 2
280

: ...: : ; : : .

:
: to be / to break
I am 2 / broke
// , , he is 3 brokEN
...: are , breakING

W was : should
W you were : W would
W were ; if
: W + will be

he has ( ) he doesnt
...: have ...: () dont
had , didnt
W + will have : () W+ will not = wont

he loveS :
...: love . .: () ? ? Does he ?
/ lovED ...: ? ? Do ?

( ) W + } . .: : ?
will love . . : W ?
Did ?
Will ?
lovING . be: Am/Is/Are/Was/Were/Will be ?

3) ,

2) , ... + ...

SHOULD WOULD W (= )

.
, ,
.. , , ,

,
, , ,

,

, ,
IF ...,
WERE W:

IF

, , .. 1-
I WERE ..., IF YOU WERE ..., IF HE WERE ...
..., .;

-:

( to) :
-:

!
.

haD

I would

woulD

.

w.
....
BUY ... ;

281
 ... W ... ... WILL ... = ... ... ... = SHALL
( SHALL . ).
, () ,
IF ! :
: IF I + COME ... = + ... You shall do it! = !
: She shall obey! = !
1) + , ... , !
2) + , ... , They shall surrender! = !
3) + , .... !
: C:
IF HE + comeS ... = + ...,
I shall never let a woman in my life!.
: w !.
1) + , ..., !
2) + , ..., Higgins .
3) + , ....
!!!
!; , ,
(,
4) , - ,
, 1- ( ) - .
.. = I WE , , , -
= -

, .
SHALL, 2
, , , ?

= W WILL. ,
,
, SHALL
:
,
, : + + = I want + TO BE + healthy.
w + + 6.

() = He + IS + stupid.
YOU, HE, SHE, IT THEY + + .

282 283
 + + = You + WERE + a crook. + + + , + + + .
+ W + . + W + + + + W +
I + wouldnt + have done + it + IF + I WERE + ill.
+ + = Yesterday we + WERE + busy.
w + W + . ! = ID eagerly have a drink!
!
1+2 1 2
+ ! = YOUD TER + go home!
+ + = Tomorrow I + WILL BE + here.
+ !
+ W + .
! = I DONT want TO break your
+ + = Tomorrow I + WILL read + this book. w ! heart!
+ W +, .
() = WELL HAVE a date tomorrow.
1+2 1 2 W W . W .
+ + = Tomorrow I + WILL come + here.
+ W + . = THEY HAD an accident.
.
() + = He HAS + a big car. ! = YOU SHOULD study English!
+ . !
+
:
:
) () ... = . .... ( ,
() ... = -- ...; = break ,
.. 3 , , ):
) 3- = +()D ... = IF ... :
3- EC ... =
. = ... (.. + ? + 2- ).

() + = W HAVE + brave hearts. , =

W + . = (2- know = ).

+ + = Yesterday + they HAD + money. + ... = + ... =

+  + . = + ...
=
+ + , ...
= W ( W).
+ + (= = 2- . . know = )
IF I WERE you.
IF + I + knew ...

284 285
 ... ... = ... SHOULD ... = (3- know = ).
= W (3-
= ,. respect = ).
= You SHOULD be there. = W W = ,
..:
= ,. = . () + 3- .
= I SHOULD have broken this. ... = + 3- .
... = . + 3- .
( ...) ...: ... = . + 3- .
... = . ... ... + /,
= ... / ... ave/has broken. + 3- .

() = ()
+ 3- : () ,
. .
..
I shouldnt disturb you.

... = ... WOULD C , .

= WOULD 6 * .
= WOULD Thank you for all * youve done for me.

/ ... = W Done = 3- do = .
= I WOULD break ...
* that , = , !!!
+ = W + , .
= I WOULD have broken + this house. 2 2- 3- :
, ,
+ = W + ,.
,
= You WOULDNT have taken + this.
If I knew from the very beginning how to use it,
+ = W + . + + .
= She WOULDNT curse + you. W + ( ) + , 6.
I wouldnt have spoiled ( spoilt) + this thing.
...
!
:
= = W .

= A = W W . !
= = , -
(= 3- love). ,

286 287
 , , .. sleep (slept, slept) () =
.. smell (smelt, smelt) () =
! speed (sped, sped) () =
spend (spent, spent) c () =
, , spit (spat, spat) () =
teach (taught, taught) () = ,
+ + tell (told, told) () =
+ think (thought, thought) 6 (6) =
! weep (wept, wept) w (w) =

.
:
( 2- 3- )
:
bend (bent, bent) () = -?.
bind (bound, bound) () = ;
bleed (bled, bled) () =

bring (brought, brought) () =
...
build (built, built) () =
, ,
burn (burnt, burnt) () =
, .
buy (bought, bought) () =
( -
atch (caught, caught) () =
) 800 1800 ,
deal (delt, delt) () = ...;
30-50.

, ,
feed (fed, fed) () =
+
feel (felt, felt) () =
+ 1 2
hang (hung, hung) () = ;
hear (heard, heard) () = .
keep (kept, kept) () = ()
lead (led, led) () =
lend (lent, lent) () =
make (made, made) () = , ( ):
mean (meant, meant) () = ;
meet (met, met) () = () = (. : ...).
read (read, read) () = I AM a boy = Im ...
sell (sold, sold) () = = (.: ...).
send (sent, sent) () =
e IS a schoolboy = es ...
shoot (shot, shot) () =

288 289
/ / / ... = ... W ... :
... WAS ...
= .
, (.) = . Youll run every day.
, You ARE an officer.
:
... = W + ... () = .
You WERE + an officer.
Youll be good teacher.
... = We W ... +S
, , ,
:
be afraid =
= You WERE ...
(.: ),
O ... = They WERE ...: hey were officerS. , be
...
(= ) !!!

}
!
...
... ... = ... W ... W . -
:
... ... will be ... : !
... ...ll be ... = W, = W
... (-) Ill = I will, well = we will = w = ( ) = Im afraid of you.
..
... = W ... = e was afraid of ...
be.
... = W ... =
, , = They will be afraid of ...
: ... =
W = WILL = Theyll be afraid of ...
= / !
,
... = ...= You are not afraid of ...
= BE = ,
= = He is tired.
. = () .

, : = W W = We were proud of you.

, , , = .

: ? = = They are asleep.

!!! = () .

290 291
 . + + = + + .
This + is NOT + my house.
? : :
1) + = This house + IS NOT + MINE.
 + + .
WHO ?:
?:
? . ?
, ? This is my father.
WHO is this man?  ,.
, : = good
? N = man
,
This is THE famous artist N ...; + + = He + is not + a good man.
+ + .
2) , -
: / (an/) (the)
W WHAT ... ?: (= ),
,
? =
= ? = 1:
= W , ? .
1 2 3 1 2 3
WHAT is this man? Hes a teacher. = = A good man.
() = = THE bad man.
Then, if she wasnt a tourist, WHAT was she?. _________________________________________________________________
, w W w ?.
, , ? .
(D.Morrels Assumed Identity).
( ) , = , .
Its a car, NOT a bike.
.
C:
=
= : ? ? = IS it a car?.
?() ?.
She
+ + w + was = !!! , ,
+ + w + a widow.
RE, IS, WILL ..:

292 293
 (-) = ( ) + ? = Which (of these) is + your house?
= Tomorrow we WILL fly back home. W () + ?
w W . + ? = Is he + really a student?
+ y?
(-) ? = W w ?
? + = We wont + go to the south this
WILL we fly back home tomorrow? W w ,6 , . summer.

, = We were here, not there. + ? = Wont we + go to the south this

W w , ,. W w ,6 , ? summer?

? ? = Were we here or there? :

W w ,? ... .:
,
= You are a schoolboy. - : ... = I HAVE ... ..
,
:
= = HAVE:
? = Are you a shoolboy?
? , , , ?
-
Are you alright? = ? = ? , +S
Is it a book? = ? = ? ( -) HAS =
? = .
1 2 1 2 1+2 HAVE 6 ,
Will you go home? = W ? = ? , , 2 (. 280):

: HAVE WILL HAVE

HAS H AV
. + + ? = Where is + your + shool? HAD HAVING
W + + ?
!!! ( )

+ ? = W + ? ? = + ? ... = ... ... = ... HAVE ... = /-/-/-/-/- ...

Where are + you? Who is + it? ( - = ... ve,
: Ive ... , weve ... ..),
+ ? = When is + your birthday? :
W + 6? Ive got ... , weve got ...
... , w ...
294 295
 ... = ... = He HAS ... ( = = I HAVE a house.
= () ... = hes), = = I have NO house.
: es got ... = = IVE GOT NO house.

... = ... = She HAS ... = = shes) = = You HAVE many houses.
= () ... : Shes got ...

, =
... ... }
... ... = ... HAD ... = ... , ...
= = You have NO houses.

= = They have NO books.

... = ...W ... = ...WILL HAVE... = ...... .
= w .
= They will have NO problems.
:
... = ... I have ... Ive = I have my birthday tomorrow.
6 .
... = ... You have ... Youve
:
... = W ... We have ... Weve
... = ... You have ... Youve = I have NO birthday tomorrow.
6 .
... = ... They have ... Theyve
, , t !
/ ... = You will have ... W ...
c !
= = Youll have ,
You have NO choice but to study perfectly!
W (will) -, .: ... = ...
= .
Ill have ...
e haS NO chance.

( !)
... ..., ... ... ... ...,
, -
HAVE VE GOT :

We should be thinking
= NO ( NOT !!!).
About some drinking!!! !!!.
: Im sorry, honey! , !
W / = W w/ = Im short of money!!! !!!.
Well / = We will / have NO time tomorrow. .

296 297
 + : ,
+()D,
I WAS born (on ...) = ... (- ) = - ,
= .: .... ( !).

My cheek SWELLED after I fell from tree. !

W .
, . 1)
!!!;
: 2) , , ?

arise (arose, arisen) , , +()S;
bear (bore, born) , , ; 3) TO ( )
bear (bore, borne) , , , ; -, -, - ..
()
beat (beat, beaten) , ,

bite (bit, bitten) , ,
:
blow (blew, blown) , ,
break (broke, broken) , , W ...? ? ? ?
choose (chose, chosen) , , What kind of ...?
do (did, done) , , kind , this , ,
draw (drew, drawn) , , ; if ; that , ,
drink (drank, drunk) , , back , know
drive (drove, driven) , , to , (..) tell
eat (ate, eaten) , , , from , now
rot (rotted, rotten) , , with w, () drink
out ; ! milk
saw (sawed, sawn) , ,
about ,
sew (sewed, sewn) , , like ()
shave (shaved, shaven) , , without w, cry
show (showed, shown) , , on see
swell (swelled, swallen) w, w, w (-) your , , , ..
my , , , ..
every day
! often seldom
, - in (?) speak c
! be able to morning
for ; thing 6
...

298 299
NB. (of), (by) W (with): , -,
,
= OF , WITH w (= ...):
: o eat + WITH a fork = + .
+ W .
, + + , = This is the house + OF MY + father.
I built it + WITH my own hands = +
() + + (= ).
+ W . .
+ + = The story + OF YOUR + life.

+ + .
.
: (OF) (DO), .
,
? , !

( ).
-,
:
= (the) car OF my brother. DO, , , .
,
S ( !!!), do ,
: ,
1 2 3 2 3 1
= My fatherS house. -
, .
? ...?, ? ...?, ..
=

;
W ...? = WILL ...?:
= BY - : 1 2 2 1
W ? = ?
= , =
A mistake made BY you. = . , ,
-
 , = , do
The house built BY this man. ; , , do.

300 301
 ( ? + ? = D?O + they fix our cars?
) , +, ?
?
- / ? DO?.
? + ? = D?ID + they fix our cars?
do = :
= , ? + ? = WI?LL + they fix our cars?
:
? = DO you read books every day?
... ? DOES HE ? = ? ?
, ,
. ; ? ? = D?O I know you?
... ? DO ... ? = ?

. ; ? = ? ?
... ? DID ... ? = DI D she call you yesterday?

. ,
,
,
, ( -
m) !!!
DO ( ):
, 1+2 2 1
, ? ? = What DO?ES he do in the South?
!!! W ? ,6 ?

, 1+2 2 1
- , = , ? ? = W ? , ?
, ? Where D?ID you see this man?
( ?):
! +NT DO
? + ? = D?O + you write letters?
+ ? (= 3 ... ...):
?

? + ? = DO?ES + she write letters? = .
+ ? = I DONT remember him.
?

? + ? = DO?ES + it crawl? () = .
+ ? = He DOESNT remember me.

302 303
 = W ,. T !
= We DIDNT remember them. -
(.: , ..),
NB. , , ,
, DO+NT:
+
( +) = +()S. :
+ = = DONT : ...,
= DO: / ...,
..., ... ..
DO+S = DOES = (.: ).
+ = = DOESNT : ...,
..., ... ,
, :
...?;
() ?,
:
:

? + ? = + , ? + = = DINT ;
DoeS + she know this lady?
:
? + ?
W+ = W = WONT .
NB. ,
... ... - (NOT), !!!
NOT (, , , , ) ... = ( ..) .
I (you ..) DONT know.
c be, have do,
(, ) = .
+NT :
He DOESNT know.
= = Im NOT a student. ... , ... ... = ... ...
... DIDNT know ...
= = He hasNT any money.
.

w ,! = ! = You wouldNT do that!

304
= !










} + = ... W
WONT
= WILL NOT
} + know.

305
? ...? = ...? = DO you know ...? , , :
? ...? = ...? = DOES he know ...?
T , : .
?......?......? = ... ...? = DID ... know ...? I havent much money. I havent got much money,
?... ... ...? = W ... ...? = WILL ... know ...?
:
.
NO! ! = I dont have any problems!

I have NO ... () ... () .
... I dont have (any) ... .
... = () .... :

() ... =
e doesnt have (any) . + + !
= () , I + dont have any + money problems!
+ + !
... () ... =
... didnt have (any) .... C:
= () ...,
many = (, ,
W () = : );
wont have (any) . much = ( , ,
= () .... : );
() (a) few = (, ,
: : );
a little = (,
, : );
ANY, MANY, MUCH, A LITTLE, A FEW, little = ( ).

, , , , M,
:

? HOW MUCH? = ?
... ..., ... ... ... ..., , , ..
.. + = DO+NT :
? HOW MANY? = ?
(+ W ). , , , ..

306 307
 : :

..!. -NESS: friendly = friendliness =

(, -y -i-)

UN-... = -..., -AGE: bond = bondage =

( ) , -ER: custom = customer =
,
-DOM: free = freedom =


.
-HOOD: neighbour = neighbourhood =
.
-SHIP: friend = friendship =

:
-LEDGE: know = knowledge =
:

uncivilized = uncork = -MENT: punish = punishment = .

unpopular = undres = (-) /:

-FUL = -:
uncommon = undo = hope = hopeful = ,

-LESS = -/- ...:
uncomfortable = unfasten = fruit = fruitless =

-SOME = ...:
, trouble = troublesome =
,
- -ABLE = ...:
, punish = punishable = .
.
,
. ! !

308 309
 . !!! + ? = (= ) ?
(, to): Who + likeS the piano?
1 2 1 2
+ + = I + dont like + to cry. + W + ? = Who + WILL + come tomorrow?
+ + . + ?
1 2 1 2
+ + = I like + to read this + ,? = + ? = Who + callED
+ , + . book + every day. the police?
1 2 1 2 :
? + + ? = Do you like + to drink milk
+ + ,? + in the morning? + ! = !
+ !
M + + = We dont + eat bread + often. She DIDNT + like him so much!
W + + .
W + + ? =
Why + DIDNT she + like him so much? ?
+ + = You + didnt hurt + me.
+ + .
W + + ? = ?
Where + DID you + study English?
.
+ W + ,? = How often + WILL you + go there?
? WHO? = ?
+ + ?

DOES ...? DID ...? + , + + !
ID LIKE TO + know what + youve got + in your bags!
( 2 )
+ w + + !
WHO
( +S, 2- = +()D, / , () + .
2- )!!! I think WE SHOULD + call cops.
6 w + .
/ WILL ?
!!!: = tomorrow
+ ? = ? + ? = ? = meeting
Who + careS? Who + dareS? = participate
(-) = be able to
+ ? = ?, : + ? = because
Who + needS it? Who doeSnt + need it?
+ ? = ? ,
Who + profitS? w ,,
Tomorrow I will not be able to participate in the meeting,

310 311
 + . , -
+ . , +D
because + I fly to Monaco. !!!
, ,
? ...? = WILL you be able to ...? = W ...? GO = 2- ..
a (!)
WEND w.
: , /-/- ,
..!
fall (fell, fallen) , ,
fly (flew, flown) , , , ,
forget (forgot, forgotten) , , (..
freeze (froze, frozen) , , , ), 2- 3- ,
get (got, got) , , :
: , LIE (lay, lain) = ,
: LIE (lied, lied) =
give (gave, given) , ,
(.. lie,
go (went, gone) , w, ,
,
grow (grew, grown) , , (-)
).
hide (hid, hidden) , ,
know (knew, known) , , (
lie (lay, lain) , , . 398)
ride (rode, ridden) , , .
rise (rose, risen) , , !
see (saw, seen) , , - , -
shake (shook, shaken) , , (-) ,
shrink (shrank, shrunken) , ,
speak (spoke, spoken) , , !!!
steal (stole, stolen) , ,
strike (struck, struck) , , - :
swear (swore, sworn) w, w, w
take (took, taken) , , 1
tear (tore, torn) , , ( ,
throw (threw,thrown) 6, 6, 6 !!!):
wear (wore, worn) w, w, w
() A.: If I had + a lot of money, Id buy + an island.
+ + .
write (wrote, written) , ,
+ , + .

312 313
B.: But you havent got + a lot of money. B.: Im so sorry * you havent got a lot of money!
+ * !
+ . , () !
* that , !
A.: I know. But if I had a lot of money,
. , C:
. , a lot of ... = ...,
wife w =
Id definitely buy an island. island =
. clean = ,
. buy = ,
cook =
B.: If you bought an island, what would you do? ill =
, w w ? get ill =
, ? take care of ... ... = ...
other , =
A.: If I bought an island, Id live on it . definitely =
, .
, . Im (youre, he is ..) SORRY! = (, ..) !
!
B.: If you lived on an island, you might get ill someday. UNLESS = ...; ...
, .
, . Unless I had ... = ... = ...

A.: Of course, I wouldnt live there UNLESS I HAD thre wives. 2:

, w ,  6 w. S.: Did you buy a pair of shoes, Dad?
, , . , ?
? , ?
B.: If you had thre wives, what would they do?
H.: No. None of the shoes (that)* I liked
 6 w, w w , ?
. (,)*
, ?
. , () ,

A.:One would clean, one would cook, and the other would take care of me. was the right size.
W w , w w , ,, w . w , .
, , . .

314 315
 My feet are very wide and = .
w = He liveS in Russia.

= .
most of the shoes were for narrow feet.
w . = He DOESNT live in Russia.
.
? = ? ?
* that! = DOES he live in Russia?

NONE (OF ...) ( ...) = ( ...). = .

MOST OF ... = ... = I DIDNT live in Russia.
(-).
+
? = ? ?
= DIDNT I live in Russia?
= I dont let him swim much.
w .
= ? = ? ?
= DID I live in Russia?
NB. LET (= , )
1- () , W = .
. . : = I WILL live in Russia.
( to):
! W = .
!
() !
} = + ! = LET him + GO! = w = I WONT live in Russia.

W ? = ? () ?
? ? = Does it cost only one dollar? = WILL I live in Russia?
w ?
:
= .
= I live in Russia.
? ? = D?O you LOVE me?
= . (?) ? = HOW MUCH DID you pay for this?
= I DONT live in Russia.
1+2 1 2
? = ? ? + ? = WHEN + WILL we go + home?
= DO I live in Russia?
316 317
 !!! () ,
= will shall:
:
1) ;
CAN = BE ABLE TO ... :
2) , ;
3) Able, , ;
..., ... = ... I can ...
4) to ()
... = ... ... I cannt ...

; = cant ...
5) , () ... ... = ... could ...
/, ... ... = , ... could not, couldnt ...
(= be have) ..., . = w ... will be able to ...
, ... = w ... wont be able to ...
!!!
A : ! MUST = HAVE TO ... :

CAN = BE ABLE TO ... = ,
... () ... = ... must ...
MUST {= HAVE TO ...
= } = / ... ...
... ...
=
=
...,
...
must nOt ..., mustnt ...
had to ...
MAY = BE ALLOWED TO ... = ... ... = ... didnt have to ...

{
DONT/DOESNT ... ... ... = w ... will have to ...
NEEDNT = DIDNT
WONT }
+ need to =
= (-. ).
... ... ...
()
...
=
=
=
w ...
...
...
wont have to ...
I have to ...
I dont have to ...
( - = ... I dont need to ...
) , , / =
be have, ( dont need :
to ..),
: 1 2 + ... = w + ... I would have to ...
dont/doesnt / didnt / wont + need to . + ... = w + ... I wouldnt have to ...
+ ... = + ... Id rather have to ...
. .

be have, - MAY = BE ALLOWED TO ... :

, - ... = ... I may ...
. ... = w ... I was allowed to ...
/ be able to, have to, be to be ... = w ... I will be allowed to ...
allowed to = ... Ill be allowed to ...

318 319
 ... = ... I may nOt ... ( !) / -
... = w ... I was not allowed to ... , , BE
= w ... I wasnt allowed to ... HAVE BE HAVE ,
... = w ... I will not be allowed to ...
... ...,

WONT{
DONT/DOESNT
NEEDNT = DIDNT
} + need to =
= (-. ):
I

, ,
!
have to

leave =
...:

.
2 : He haS to leave = () .
= = . We haD to leave = .
= I neednt run = I dont need to run. They will have to leave = .
= = .
= He neednt run = He doesnt need to run. I will be able to leave = ( .) ( ..) .
j !

1 :
I was allowed to leave = .
You were allowed to leave = / .
= .
He will be allowed to leave = .
= I DIDNT need to run.
,. ,
1 : . CAN
= w . I CAN do this.
= I WONT need to run. (to)
, , , . ,
/ - . .. 1-
! I MUST go. (= ) .
,
() = , . , ,
- , , , w, ,

. +S,
. He SHOULD eat this apple. :
, , .. / ... ..,
+()d W W , . ,
. ..
will / shall. We WOULD buy this bag.

320 321
 = to!
. . ...? = ...? = Can I...?
. . ? = w? = Should he swim?
They MAY come. He shouldnt insult his neighbours. = W = Would you do
? , ? this for me?
? ? = Did he live in London? ? = ? = May I come in?
? ?
live = (= ),
: ( )
leave = , -
= . (= -, -, - ..) = to.

2- 3- : left, left !!!

NB. . + = + ,.
() I can carry this,
, : + ,.
= NOT Im able to + carry this.
,
... = ... I could ...,
, , .. +NT!
:
. W ... I was able to...
, .. = CANNOT = W + ,
( ): = , CANT I will be able to + carry this.
, = MUST NOT ,
.. = MUSTNT
CAN =
... ... = SHOULDNT
NOT, ,
() ... = w WOULDNT , , will,
... ... = MAY NOT .
()
() !!!
-
D ?, Does ? Did ?
: ...
( ... ?, ... ?, ... ?).
, can!

to: : w ... = I will be able to ...

322 323
 , ABLE ,
, / .... ( , ) .
, -
:
, :
w =
() (- )!
= .
... = W ... I WANT to ...
... = W ... He WANTS to ... !!!
... ... = ... W ... ... WANTED to ...
... ... = ... W ... ... WANTED to ... :
... / ... = ... W ... = .: ...
...d like to ..., = W .
I will have leave tomorrow.
: ID LIKE TO KISS YOUR EYES.
. . = .
. I haD to leave yesterday.
+
.
MUST = -
= I dont have to leave today.
, , :
= .
I HAVE TO ... = ... I DONT have to = I must not leave today.
... ... ...
MUST -
,
(= ) (= ). , -
. , :
e HAS leave e DOESNT HAVE to leave. () = I MUST leave TOMORROW.
= .
I dont have to leave today.
, ...ve got ...s got
(+ to)
NB. ( , , ):
MUST =
1 2 1 2
Ive got to + say NO = + .
( !) Youve got to + read it all = + .
WILL
324 325
 1 2 1 2 !!!
Hes got to + buy that car = + .
Shes got to + study = + . = W = I WOULD =
Its got to + give up = + . + + + BUY + +
Weve got to + write this = + . + , + , 6 + this thing + , +,
Theyve got to + rest = + . + + + IF + +
+ + + I HAD + (.) +
+ + .
, -
+ + + money.
,
.. !
= I would break his neck (= Id break ...).
w .
, ,
. .
, ! should be isolateD. I wont be able to give you money at once.
w w.
:
+ + , .
If + I had + money I wouldnt steal.
( ), + + w .
: Steal = , .

+ + + (. ) = :
You + DONT + HAVE TO + leave = .
= . 1) IF / ...
( , ),
: BE =
WERE W:
, If I were ... , If he were ... , If you were ... =
,
= / / ... , ..;
:
2) IF ...
(YOU) GOT ANY KIDS? (.) = DO YOU HAVE CHILDREN? (.).
W WILL,
= ?
..
- !!! ( to)
+(e)S,

326 327
: :
If I go there ... : 1) , ... ; ? + !
2) , ... ; W w ,? + w !
3) , ... , Why do you want to give me this? Because + I want you!
:
+
If he goES there ..., , :
:
1) , ... ;
2) , ... ; , , + t + .
3) , ... . (,) + ( ) + .
Ill do all (that) I can + (in order) to + make you happy.
: , = If I can ,
: , = If I can !
, ,
.
SHOULD WOULD
(.. 1- ) ( to):
:
You shouldnt go there! She should do that again! ..., ... (... that ...)
,! , !
! ! ... in order ... =
... in order to ... = to.
This wall + should + be removed.

w + + .
(= in order ),
+ + .

to,
What would you do + if + you were rich?
W w + + w ? to.
, + + ? :

I would + never + let her down. .

w + + . Ill do all I can to make you happy.
+ + .

in order , t (to
He would spend the money + if he only could. separate) to () can,
w , + . to (
, + () . , to).

328 329
 !
,
(to) = I should have known
( - , . this beforehand.
), ,
, =
to !!!: w . .
= his watch CANNOT BE repairED.
I can + do anything + to help them!
+ 6 +  ,! = I have nowhere (: no place) to go.
+ , + to ! w (: ) .
_______________________________________________________________
+ = Nobody + plays with him.

+ w, .
(
, = My daughter had nothing to do.
, .
):
1 2 3 1+2 3
= I will never lie to anybody.
, t = w .
= .: :
= w . + + .
I want you to do it for me. + + .
She + never + saw his smiling face.

, t = + = Never + trust a pretty face.

= . : + .
= w w. ! = Yu can regret it!
He doesnt want her to fly away. !

5- -
, t = :
= :
= W w , . awake (awoke, awaken) w, w, w =
We dont want the child to cry. become (became, become) , , = ,

330 331
begin (began, begun) , , = (-) = I was wounded. = I was astonished.
come (came, come) , , = , w w. w .

dig (dug, dug) , , = .
fight (fought, fought) , , = w , .
find (found, found) , , = , A smiling woman caressed the crying child.

hold (held, held) , , =
, ! = ,, !
ring (rang, rung) , , = (-)
CLOSE the door, please!
run (ran, run) , , = ,

! , !
shine (shone, shone) , , = (-)
! , !
sing (sang, sung) , , = /
Dear! Go and buy that big cake for me!
sit (sat, sat) , , =
spring (sprang, sprung) , , = ,
:

stand (stood, stood) , , =
H.: Do you smoke, Bob? = ? , ?
stick (stuck, stuck ) , , = (-)
, ?
stink (stank, stunk) , , =
strive (strove, striven) , , = B.: No, I used to smoke = , .
swim (swam, swum) w, w, w = , , .
H.: Do you drink? = ? ?
swing (swung, swung) w, w, w = (-) ?
understand (understood) , = ,
B.: No, not now. I used to drink, but Im married now and I have three children,
win (won, won) w, w, w = , , . 6 ,
, . , 3 ,

wring (wrung, wrung) , , =
so I cannot afford to drink and my wife doesnt allow me to smoke.
w .
, .
+ = My leg was + broken.
smoke =
w + .
married = ;
use = ,
+ .
used to ... ... = ,
w + .
afford =
My car was + bought at a very low price.
allow =
332 333
 three 6 = ,
now = ,
place =
(!)
wife w =
wound w = ; (JEFFRY ARCHER)!
leg =
play = ; !
repair = . 46 280.
happy =
cry = The entrance to the Embassy on the ground floor was firmly shut.
fly =  ,  , w .
.

Why do you require this information? she asked sharply.
.. , , :
W w , ? .
?, .
Im the sheik of Araby. = .
, . Stephens answer C =
motivated the girl , =
Your heart belongs to me. = . to immediate action  =
. ,
and she produced =
Tonight when youre asleep = , , a file =
w within a few minutes. w, . = .

Into your tent Ill creep = . , ?

.
:
... = + = YOURE ..., .. 1) K
( ) S = C,
S
belong to ... ... = (-)
,
heart =
tent = , (= ) :
tonight = , M ,C = .
creep (crept, crept) = , My fatherS house.
( ) MiltonS poems = ;

334 335
2) , c , , + ! = + !
.. . Be so kind as + to buy me flowers!

,
, , GET = + 3-
!!! . ( ).

!!! (GET ..!, ..!).

+ ..! = + ..! Give + me ..!. H:
+ ..! = + ..! Dont give + me ..!. ! = ! = dress = :
+ Get dressed! dress+ed = 3- dress.
+ ... = + 6 ! = ! ! , : !!!.
DONT try to think . Get ready!
+ ... = + 6 ... Ready = /-
Try NOT to think ;
:
3)
= lease Get lost! = !, c
! ,
,
!: .
, ! Lost = 3- lose = .
, !
Please, show me your suitcase! + ! = Get ready + as quick as possible!
+ w !
, ! = , !
Dont drive so fast, please!
GET ( ) + 3-
NB.
, ! ,
.
: ...
!
()
W ( w)
Will (would) you be so kind as to give me your hand! !

336 337
 ! = Dont move! ! = Freeze! ...
! ! THERE IS ... (= , , )
:
-, ! = Go and buy that book
 , ! right now! ) , NO NOT = ,

! = Youd rather get out from here!
! ) NO :

, ! = Dear, let me kiss THERE IS NOBODY here now! = !

, ! your hand!  !

+ ? = Would you do + me a favour? 1.

W m + ?
-
, t ! = Dont tell him to do this! : , , -
.
,!
2 :
C ! = Tell him NOT to do this! every ... ( ...) = ...
, t ! ,! each of ... ( ...) = ...

, ,
! , , :

... = ... = + = . ach of the two boys ... = () ...

NOBODY ... Nobody + knowS. ...
,
... = ... = + = .
:
NOTHING ... Nothing + acheS.
very one of the boys ... = ...;
... = ... = + + = . w , ...
NEVER ... It + never + hppenS.
2.
:

+ + . , ,
-w ,6 + + . -
Nowhere on the Earth there is + a better place + for living. , :

338 339
game () = a GAME hall = , = first
+ = second
hall () = , a HALL game = . ( = fifty second )

= third 6
border () = a BORDER = (-) = fifth 6
+ state , = eighth 6
state () = a STATE border = .
= ninth 6
.
= twelfth w6
spring () = , SPRING water = ,
+ ,
water (w) = a WATER spring = . ?
,
, , ?
: , , ...
,
mail () + box () = MAILBOX (), ..
+ = ;
/ the :
3.
he second day = ;
-,
4.
/
, , , (-) ..
+th (= +), (.. ?) -
: ( -
, -
Four () + +th = fourTH () = .

Eleven () + +th = elevenTH () = . ).
2 () :
Thirty seven (6 ) = thirty sevenTH (6 ). !
= .

, , (-!!!) 7 - : I: II:
, , MY mine
(= +th) ( ) , , YOUR yourS
: (-) HIS his

340 341
 HER herS
, (.) ITS itS (= ) :
OUR ourS
(-) THEIR , theirS , N.: Her name CANNOT be Doolittle.
.
, , MY .
, , , ...
H.: Why?
! W?
?
1-
: N.: Because Doolittle is an English name. And she is not English.
MY house, YOUR sister, HIS car, .. ... . .
- . .
.
2- , H.: Oh, nonsense! She speaks English perfectly!
, ! !
?, , : , ! - !

Whose house is this (one)? Its mine!, : Mine!. N.: Too perfectly! Can you show me ANY
(-) !. !
The money is YOURS, and nobody will take it from you! !
 w !
, () ! English woman who speaks English as it should
w 
( !): , - ,
Scratch my back, and Ill scratch YOURS!!! = , !. be spoken? Only foreigners who ARE TAUGHT to speak it,
!!!. ? ,
, !. = ! ? , ,
:
speak it perfectly!
A: : !
Its MY pleasure to have the honour of ... The pleasure is MINE !!!. !
, ....  !!!.
.... !.

342 343
: ,

1) - , -
(, ..) ; , -
2) be spoken = (.: ) = , , -
... -
spoken = 3- speak = ; SEQUENCE of TENSES w ,
-
3) ... are taught ... = (.: ... ) = ... . , -
taught = 3- teach = ; :

4) simpLY, perfectLY ,
- ( ..) ( -,
+LY; !!!).
5) GET marriED ,
GET + 3- ,
,
,
, .
: -
(= , -
F...k off and GET it DONE !!! = , ),
...  !!! !!! ,
She GOT KIDNAPPED = E .
. , .. ,

I GOT SACKED! = !, , ..
!. .
,
SLIDING DOORS. -
:
..!
Hes GETTING MARRIED in the morning! = -
,! ! ,
So GET him t the church on time! = , 7 -
, !. !. : ,

344 345
 ( -
be have
3 !!!
. !!!). + ( = 3-
= ING ),
, -
! = , , , .
, -
!!!

, ...
, , 4
, ( , write = ):
(, )
! 1) I + WRITE = =
();
: 2) I + AM + WRITING = =
( );
, : ... ...,
3) I + WILL + WRITE = W =
:
(),
();
( ... ...). 4) I + WILL BE + WRITING = W =
( );
7
5) I + WROTE = = (-)
(= ). ( );
6) I + HAVE + WRITTEN = =
5- -
( );
(
7) I + WAS + WRITING = W =
, ):
( ).
1) --;
2) --;
3) --;
4) ---;

5) --.
(= , , , w ),
:
HAVE
- ...
( //,w/w, w
, -
(= +S, +(e)D ), .., , -
WILL + ), - be have
(!) : (. !!!):
346 347
 ! -ING
e IS walking, you ARE playing, she HAS found .. !!!
w
,
. ,
,
4
4 /, -
- ,

:
,
I love = = ( +()S) , .
I loveD = = 2-
I WILL love = = WILL + ,
I HAVE won = , = HAVE HAS
+ 3- . . :
, !!!
( ),
!!! be ING
, , ,
3 , , ,

, -
! , .
, :
, !!!:
,
.
- : - :
() .
.. ( 2, 4 7), (AM) (+ING)
.. , , , .
6- (WAS) (+ING)
() .
.. ING (. 347). (WILL BE) (+ING)

, , !
. :
+ING = , - ,
= --, --, -, -, --: -
, cryING = , , ( -!)

348 349
 - :
- !, ( --
After midnight you HAVE to BE waitING for me in the PLAZA.
) ING ,
w , .
.
, ( !!!)
BE c ING ! 7 :

, -
, , , -
:
- ! - 1) ,
ING , = (1- )
, (, , +()S):
: ()

= ing = ing = ing + + 5 = I + wash + my hands every 5 minutes.

, , , + w + .
-
+ + 7 = He + washES + his hands every 7 minutes.
/-/- - ! + w + ;
= ing = ing = ing = ing

! 2) , = AM/IS/ARE
( BE )
: () + +ING (= + 6- ):
,
All my life I + AM (IM) tryING + to learn English.
I + AM writING ( ) = ( . ) = .
+ () + .
He + IS sleepING ( ) = ( . ) = .
+ + . You + ARE workING ( w) = ( . ) =
= ,
I + WAS cryING + when you came in.
.. ... ... // ..;
+ W + w .
+ + =
= + , + . :

At 5 oclock you + WILL BE waitING + for us at the station. 3) , = WILL +

+ W w + ,. () :
5 + + . , /

+ +
350 351
I + will brush + my teeth after lunch = + + . 7) = HAVE / HAS
+ w + 6 . , , , +
3-
I + will brush + my teeth evry morning = + + ( : +()D,
+ w + 6 . ; : !)

4) , C, , .., //.
= WILL BE + +ING
- (= + 6- ): NB.
( )

At 5 oclock I + will be waiting + for you = 5 + + .
() :
+ w w + .

I + will be waiting + for you all my life = + + = I have + bought + a car.

+ w w + . ; () + / + .
: + + .
: + + .

5) = 2- = She has + made + a mistake.

( ( : ...+()D), () + /- + .
5 ) !): : + + .
() + + .
I + wrote + a letter every week = + + .
+ + w.
! = Lets go shopping!
!.
Yesterday he + planted + a tree = + + ; :
+ + . = But we HAVE already
w
BOUGHT everything.
6) . , = WAS/WERE
+ +ING (= + 6- ): 6.
( ... ...)
, .
I was finishing an article when she came in = ,
:
() .
+ .
They were flying like big birds all day long = + .
w . ; I HAVE already + bought a table.

352 353
 , , - usually =
- , , ,
generally =
= ,
now =
. today =
always w =
every day = ,
= , !!! often =
daily =
(),
rarely =
, ? sometimes =
seldom =
(= +()D once a month w 6 =
2- ) , : nowadays =
I did it many times = ( !), +
/
:
every ... = ... (every Friday ..):
I begn it two hours ago = 2 .
.
USUALLY + I EAT + soup with a fork = + +
II- + + w,. .
3,5+... : She + OFTEN + SMILES .
4 + + ;
:
1 ) , , ( -!!!)
: ,
, :
1) ,
+ + = I + LEAVE + TMORROW;
=
+ + .
,
(, , +()S 1 ) -
() , , Have
?). + 3- = 4-
= !!!: !.
, , -
() : , (-) :
354 355
 10 ( . ) = 2 ) :
= + ...
ING
= I have lived + in this house for 10 years already. (. . 1), , ,
+ , . :
4- , + + = IM + LEAVING + TOMORROW;
-
,
:
, :
1 2+3
3) , = WILL +
= ,
( )
1 2 3 ,
, .
Lately Ive been constantly thinking about you;
.
. (ve)
-
;
,
=
2) ,
AM/IS/ARE = !!!:
(), = + + + + .
, , +ING I + WILL + drink milk + every day;
(= !), + W + + .
(= ):
3 ) 1 2 ;
( . ) = I AM writING.
. 4) ,
= WILL BE + +ING:
( . ) = ou ARE workING. -
w. (, ,
( . ) = e IS sleepING, ),
, ... ...,
, (= !):
.. ... ... // ..:
+ + + .
= Im constantly thinking about you. I + will be waiting + for you + all my life.
. + w w + + .

356 357
 5 + + . .
At 5 oclock he + will be waiting + for you.
+ w w + . (
+ + 5 7 = ) :
= I + will be waiting + for you from 5 till 7. yesterdy =
the day before yesterday , =
. recently =
last = ()
- = WILL HAVE + 3- . last time =
last Friday =
(= ): last Sunday =
last Christmas =
She + will have written + this letter BY 7 oclock tomorrow. last week w =
+ w + , . last month 6 =
+ + 7 . last spring =
: last year =
+ + ... .... last autumn =
5 minutes ago = 5 .
:
, ( -
!!!; -
= all day long ,
: )
5) : = 2- 2- .
( ), ( : ...+()D, ( !!!)
, !):
:
= - first =
after that , = , ,
+ + .
by midnight =
Last Christmas + I receiveD + a letter from him.
at that time , =
+ + . then , = ,
+ + = Yesterday + I BROKE + that window. when ... w = ...
+ +, w. next = ..., .
before =
(= !!! = !!!). on the eve of ... , ... = ...

358 359
 , before I WE
Have + 3- . ,
, :
,
, = You and I
!!! ( : You and me).

: The Scorpions: You and I ....

1) I, he, she, we, they. Ho ()

me, him, her, us, them , :
, , , , ,.
Who did it? : HIM! = !.
, , , -
:
YOU IT.
= Me and HIM,
, , = Him and HER,
= Us and THEM, ..;
.
,
2)
.
: , :

1- 2- WILL she go to school this year? YES, she WILL.

: : (?) ? , .
I me :
he him , NO, she WONT.
she her . , ;
we us
they them , , : ! !, 3) , ,
:

, WHY + DO + YOU GO THERE? I HAVE TO!
, + ? + ? !
: :
ARE you going + to spend the night in the open? Yes, I AM!
WHOLL DO IT? ME ! + , ,? , !
? ! + ? , !

360 361
 WAS he planning to + rob the bank? YES, he WAS! ..
W ,? , W! :
+ ? , !
, = I askED what his name WAS.
D you want to ...? YES, I DO, : NO, I DONT. w W.
...? , , : , .
, + () + .
I tolD him that he + WAS allowed to + do that.
DID it taste fine? YES, IT DID, : NO, IT DIDNT.
, + W + ,.
? ,
() ? : , . , * = I tolD him I WOULD come*.
W .
:

1) - :
, -
, .. :
(= ) (). , ! = I know (that) he saiD it!
- , !
: , !
I WILL never believe (that) he saiD such a thing!
I THOUGHT (that*) I WAS GETTING MAD = W (,) 6!
= , .
= , . ,
6 , W . I have hearD that he IS coming back.
, ;
* c that.
thought 6 = 2- think 6 = 2) : .
mad =
, .
ow 6 (,) W + .
: I always THOUGHT (that*) I WOULD + become a pilot.

, , * .
I saiD that I WOULD* return the book to him in a weeks time.
= 2- , W , w .
( would ).

362 363
 , . 3) , THE
(,) W + .
You never suspecteD (that*) he WOULD + betray you. , ,!!!

, . , ,
(,) W . ,
He diDnt know (that*) he WOULD regret about it all his life. !:

(= + ) THE nswer, my friend, is flowing in THE wind ...

-
, . , , w .... Peter,
(,) W + . Paul & Mary
I diDnt expect (that*) I WOULD + HAVE leave. , , ....
( ).

) , , , ,
:

, , = use,
... W ... = ... WOULD ... ( = ), = 5- ( to)
WILL W; ,
,
) , - .
,
that , = ..., ..., ..., ... USED to ... = - , .
I useD to come here every day =
, .. . .
!
He useD to drink all his life = .
.
( ( ) ):
() useD
HereS the postcard I THOUGHT I WOULD never SEND. to
, 6 W . (= - )
, () , () . ,

* that ; .

364 365
 . :

, do up = go on =
, ,
walk on = go ahead =
. w
put on = put off =
,
: get up = () get out =

... I read so many books ABOUT = ..., O () get on = come up =
... . .
hold out = take off =
Who are you working FOR? = ?

What FOR? = ? ? make up = run away =
w
- call at = -. call on =
: -.
call out = help down = -
...? ...!
come in = come upon =
, ..!.

. go out = go in =

- look round = look for =
, ,
, ? set about = flow together =
,
keep from = turn off =
, , -
, grow upon = stretch out =
, , - ( )
, sit up = bring up =
( ).
, , , - be in = be up = ,
,
.

366 367
be like = ... be about = Sir, THERE ISNT much time = , ( )
, . .
find out = calm down =
We know that, captain, = , ,
break up = fall asleep = W ,,
the colonel lookED
give up = () ,

!!! irritatED, = ,
,

I saiD weLL get back to you. () ,

w . () .
, :
But in the meanwhile, =
: : ,w,
... look AT ... what DO I do?. ?.
( -. = on). w ?.

... (-) wait FOR ... Isnt it obvious? = ?

for - ..). ?

, (: ) , DO whatever he WOULD do!. (= ),

A , w W !. .
( !)
V
. , -
(= you will be able to)
. , -
.
,
( !) :
+
But what about Bailey? Bucanan askED = ?

w ? . .

WeLL give you our decision latR =
X + Y + Z = .
W . .

368 369
 IV. . A robbED bank.
! DONT look at THE Sun!
, . . He liveS in THE West.
! I DONT see ANY dogs!
. I NEVER
. kissED ANYbody.
1- .
2-e :
1 (. 46), -
( )
) , , ;
( ).
) ;
1-3 18- . ) , Who? = ?
, do
to: ( Do ?, Does ? Did ?)
.
. I like TO read.
. I like to read bookS.
/ Will ? :
I want t buy
- AN ( SOME)
? Who knowS this pussycat?
. interesting book.
. . Here is A tree. It is big. ? Who paintED the door?
Here is A new ship ? Who bit my cat?
. she IS very beautiful ? Who will swim?
(: it is ...). ? Will you be afraid?
Many CHILDREN ? Where will you go in the summer?
. play gameS. She was a very nice girl.
(= ) December HAS . Was she a very nice girl?
31 . 31 dayS. . The elephant drank much water.
.

HE eatS very quickLY.
She studiED English
: {
Did the elephant drink much water?
What did the elephant drink?
. all her life. ? Whose dress is it?
We paintED ? Will you have a lecture tomorrow?
. the wallS of the room. I had no lectures yesterday.
. I want TO run every day. . Had I (any) lectures yesterday?
() . SmokING IS dangerous. Did I have (any) lectures yesterday?
SmilING womEN I didnt have any guests yesterday.
. were everywhere. .

370 371
 () ? Where are my slips? ! Dont cut fish with a knife!
Ill have no time next week. ? -? Does an elephant ever sleep?
. Will I have any time next week?
:
, When I was in the South
. I ate grapes every day. wallet w = deliver =
restaurant = camel =
Did I eat grapes every day?
belt = fruits =
? Who did it before? the States , = fish =
crocodile = knife =
C: train = elepfant =
before = ; week w =
dress = time = 4- .
lecture = grapes =
guest = every = :

3- .
, :
.
{ I must visit my Dad.
I have to visit my Dad.
Ive got t visit my Dad.
. He needs to go home.

{
? Who stole my wallet?
He should go home.
? What kind of restaurant is that one? .
. I didnt bite your cat.
He should have gone home.
, . She doesnt know where her belt is. Our elephant cant make friends
, . We dont know where to go. . with our cat.
Are you going to leave We cant allow you
? for the States? . to spend so much money.
. He is not going to leave you. . We wont be able to find her.
. I dont have much money. / . We couldnt find her.
.
- ?
.
He had a little money.
Do you have any money?
Weve got no crocodiles today.
. { We neednt leave.
We dont need to leave.
.
+ ?
We dont have any crocodiles.
DiD you come here + by train?
. { We must not leave.
We dont have to leave.
. This wall WAS broken + by a train. We shouldnt leave =
+ . = .
+ . The goods were deliverED + by train. . Ill have to keep it.
2

.
.
A camel can do 2 weeks
without water.
We ate fruits with our hands.

. {
They havent got any music-box.
They dont have any music-box.
They havent any music-box.

372 373
 Shouldnt you accept A. ,
? our present? Because todays my nephews
() You shouldnt bite our cat! . birthday.
6.
! You shouldnt have bitten our cat!
, + . Ill come + if I can. B. -? 6?
Have you bought anything?
:
A. , . No, nothing.
I. , .
A. ! W !
What a busy shop! B. ()? Why not?
W ?
B. , -? , w 6?
A. ! 6!
Yes, would you like anything?
Because hes got everything!

III.
A. , - , w 6 .
. Yes, I want something for my girlfriend. B. + + ,
Ive never been + to this restaurant
B. ()  6 . + .
. They havent got anything for girls here. before.
(have been to = ).
A. ! w !
A. ? W ?
Its the best one in London!
Why not?
.
B. , ! . They usually make a very good lunch.
! Because its a shop for men!
B. - ?
II. ? Have you ever been here before?
A. ! !
Im so tired! A. , , ow
Yes, I always come here
B. , . , . . w, .
Yes, you look tired. with my friends.
A. ! B. ? ? ow ?
! Ive shopped all day!
Do you always pay?
B. ? W?
Why? A. , ,
I sometimes pay,

374 375
 , .
. other times my friends do. I havent seen a car

B. ? ? ? , w .
Are you paying today? () . as old as this one for years.

A. , . , . V.
No, today my friend is paying. . W w?
? Would you like to go for a swim?
IV.
. . .
A. I cant go. Ive got to
Ive got to be in London . ,.
make the lunch.
. w .
at twenty to eleven (10.40). . W w?
? Why dont you all go for a swim?
?
( = ) ? How far have I got to drive? . . .
Im going to help Clare.
B. . .
. . .
About sixty miles.
You havent got to help Clare.
A. . w .
() w.
Its twenty past nine already (9.20).
. Shes done most of the work.
B. , . W, .
. . .
( = ...) Well, youve got to go now.
Id like to stay here.
A. .
. , ? W ... W w ?
. Im not going to be early. Well ... Why dont we go?
B. ? Why not? + W + w ?
? What time + have we got to come back?
A. , w
Because my cars the slowest one . . w.
. . About one (1.00).
in England.
VI.
B. ! ! A. ? W ,?
Youre right!
Would you like to go to the beach?

376 377
B. , . , 6.
No, thanks. Its too cold Ill be able to help you
(t) . w. . , .
to go for a swim. the day after tomorrow.

A. .  ,w w . P. ! ? ! W ?
But the waters warm in August. Harry! What about you?

B. , w w, ? ?
The water might be warm, Can you help me?
. , .
but the beach is cold.
H. ! 6 !
I dont think so!
A. () w 6 6 .
. It was colder three months ago.
w
B. w 6 6 , I wont be able to help you
, I wasnt here three months ago, . w.
! 6 . until next week.
thank goodness!
P. ! W !
What helpful friends!
VII.
P. , , w VIII.
Mary, will you be able A. . w ,.
? , ? Im going for a swim in the lake.
to help me this evening?
J. ? W? Why?
M., , , w
No, I wont but Ill be able A. ! , !
. . So that Ill catch a cold!
to help you tomorrow.
J. , ,
P. , , ? If you catch a cold,
? John, can you help me today?
.
M. , , . youll have to stay in bed.
Im sorry, but I cant help you
, , A. , . w.
today or tomorrow, but I suppose I will.

378 379
J. ? W w ? X.
( = ) Why do you want to catch a could? A. , ,
How much money have you spent,
A. , w ? ?
So that I wont have Simon?
. w .
to go to work tomorrow. S. (). .
I havent added it up yet.
IX.
A. , W,
B. + + w. Well, heres a pencil and
+ . John looks + as if hes worried. . .
A. . w, . a piece of paper.
I agree with you.
, ,
B. , w Add it up and then
Perhaps hes worried . w ,w.
- . w. well discuss the watch.
about his school work.
, () .
A. , , w , . Perhaps youll be able to afford it.
, Yes, if he wants to go to college,
S. ! !
w  . I hope so!
. hes got to do well at schol. 7 40 . .
It comes to seven pounds forty.
B. w w ,
, And if he wants to do well at school, XI.
J. , () w w !
. . ! I dont know what to do or were to go!
he mustnt be lazy.
B. . ,.
A. ! ! Take yourself to the cinema.
I agree! J. ! !
Ive no mny!
B. , () 6 w w B. . .
I think weve got to persuade him Visit a friend.
() . 6 . J. , . .
to think about his future. I dont know who to visit.
() . .
I havent got any friends.

380 381
B. () . , w. J.: , . . ! , . , . !
Take the dog for a walk. Yes, Mum. Oh, all right. Im coming!

J. , , , 6! XIII.
! No, Id rather do nothing!
A.: ! ? ! W ?
Hi! What can I do for you?
XII.
Mrs.S.: ! ? ! W ? T.: , W, ,
John! Where are you? , Well, Im trying to find the National

J.: ! ! , ,
Im upstairs! , Park, but I havent seen any signs,

Mrs. S.: ? W ? , , , .
What are you doing? . so Im not sure this is the right road.

J.: ! w ! A.: . . ,!
Im watching television! ! It sure is. Just follow the signs!
! !
Mrs.S.: ! ! You cant miss it!
Come downstairs immediately!
T.: ! Thanks a lot!
, . w .
I want you TO do your studying. A.: . ! . !
Sure. Have a nice day!
J.: w , .
, . I prefer watching television, Mum. XIV.
Mrs.S.: , t w O.: ! . ! .
Its much too early to watch Hello! Heres your form.
! !
television! T.: () ? , w w,?
Uh, what should I do with it?
J.: , , .
. But I dont like studying, Mum. O.: , , ,?
Mrs.S.: w ? See that officer there by the gate?
Dont you want to go . .
? , ? Hell take it.
to the university?
T.: .: ! Thank you very much!

382 383
XV.
P.: ? W ? and youll see it next to
What are your plans? , ,
the Continental counter
C.: w . w , .
I want to go into Manhattan when you get to the top.
. .
for a few days.
M.: ! 6 !
P.: . . Thanks a lot!
Thats a good idea. Its a great
, -. , . W.: ! w!
town, New York. Youre welcome!
? ,?
You going to take the bus? XVII.
.: - , ?
C.: . , .
? Hi, can I help you?
Oh, yes. Arent you going
? ?
R.: , ! , !
to Manhattan?
Yes, I hope so! Id like to buy
P.: . .
No. Ive got to catch a flight to L.A. . .
. . some travellers cheks. Can I pay
in a coupl of hours. ? , w, ?
for them with Roubles?
,
Ill take the shuttle
T.: ? . ? ...
. , .
Roubles? Im not sure ... Let me ask
to the airport.
. , , ... ,, ,
my supervisor ... Yes, thatll be fine,
XVI.
M.: ! !
, Excuse me! Could you tell me c as long as you have a proper
w , ? . .
? where the Eastern airlines counter is? identification.
W.: . ! , R.: . . . .
Sure! Just go up the escalator Of course. Heres my passport.
,
here on your left, ,
Id like to write two checks

384 385
 . . ... ...
for fifty pounds each. But I just dont know ...

? ?
All right? XIX.
W.: , ! , !
XVIII. Oh, its lovely!
C.: 6?
M.: ! , w!
-? May I help you find something?
Mmm, it smells wonderful!
A.: , , . ,6. .
? w ?
No, thanks. Im just looking.
Shall we find a table?

W.: , : , , :
Id like to buy a nice pair of jeans
No, the sign says:
w ,
and one of these tailored jackets , , , w !
!. Please, wait to be seated!.
, ,
for my husbands birthday, - w w
so someone will come
,
but Im not sure . .
and show us to a table.
(= ) w ,
which of the jackets ! !
Here she comes now!
.
. hed like best. H.: ! ? ! ?
Good evening! Two?
C.: w
This one is cut very nicely .: W
Were expecting two more
. . , ,
and its very popular right now. in a few minutes,
A.: , . , , .
Yes, I like it, too.
. , .
so therell be four of us.
, w .
. And the color would look good on him.

386 387
H.: , , N.: ! ? ! w ?
() Then Im afraid I see! And whats the matter?

itll be about ten minutes Sh.: ,
Im dizzy and
. ( ) .
before I can seat you. . I have a pretty bad diarrhea.

W N.:
Would you like to Can you come in
3 ? 6--?
have a coctail in our this afternoon at 3:00?

, ? w w? Sh.: ! , ! ! 6!
lounge while youre waiting? Thats fine! See you at three!

W.: , ! , , ,!
XXI.
Oh, yes, lets do that!
B.: ! !
XX. Hello!
Sh.: . . . A.: ! ! ! !
. Hi. My names Sheila Berger. Hi! This is Andy!
( ) ? ?
( ) How are you doing?
Id like an appointment
. w,, . B.: ! ( !). .
with the doctor as soon as possible. Not so good.
N.: ? ? . ,.
Have you been in before? Ive got the flu.
Sh.: , . , . A.: , ! , ,!
No, I havent. Oh, Im sorry to hear that!
N.: , . , ,.
Okay, youre a new patient then. ? W ,?
( ?). What kind of flu is that?
Sh.: , . W, , .
Well, yes, but I dont live here. B.: . .
() .  . Stomach flu.
Im passing through town.

388 389
 , , , , () . .
You know, terribly upset stomach, hurt my wrist.
, ,
nausea, vomiting D.: , ! !
Ill say you did! It looks
yesterday I couldnt even - . w.
pretty swollen.
. w w .
, ... ... , ?
keep warm water down.
? Lets see ... Does that hurt?
A.: ! ! C.: ! !
That sounds awful! Ow!
-, , 6 ?
? Is there anything I can do? D.: - ?
? Can you move it at all?
B.: , . , 6 . C.: ! !
No, I dont think so. It hurts too much!
. .
Pegs taking care of me. D.: , ? w ?
Does it hurt when I bend it?
w C.: .: ! ! ! ( !).
, I just have to wait Yes! (It does!).
() . .
until its over.
XXIII.
G.: ! !
A.: , W, .
Gee! Its nice to have you here
. Well, I hope it doesnt take long.
! !
, .
in Manhattan!
. Let me know if I can help.
Mr.& Mrs. W.: . . .:
B.: , ! ! , w! ! , ! !
Okay, I will! See you! Its nice to be here!
XXII. G.: W w
D.: ! ! . What would you like to do
. Hi! Im Dr. Crawford. ? , w?
? W ,? this weekend?
? Whats the problem?
- Itd be nice to see a play
C.: .: , , . .
I fell down some steps and or maybe a musical.

390 391
M.: w . J.: , ..! Okay, okay ..!
. If we can get tickets. , , ! , !
So, Im Jay!
G.: ! ? W ?
! That may be a problem! Whats your name?
, , W,
Well, lets check K.: . Karen.
1 2
, . , w , ,. J.: , ! Hi, Karen!
the paper and see what there is there. ? w ?
You want to dance?
...
Lets see Movies are K.: , , ? , , w ?
. 19, 2 a. 19, 2 . Yeah, okay, why not?
on page 19, section 2 of he Times. _________________________________________________________________

, ? , , ?
Can you check that out, honey? !

.: ! ! -
Sure!
www.dragunkin-books.ru,
XXIV. - -,
J. : , ! , !
Hi, Im Jay!
? W ?
Want to dance? 5 ,

M.: , . , 6.
No, thanks. .

J.: ...! , ... ! :

Aw, come on ... !
www.dragunkin-nsp.spb.ru,
M.: : , !. : ,6!.
I said: No, thanks!.
. .
! !
Now get lost!

392 393


: ? ?

(
: :
paint = ):
quickLY = = ;
4. +LY :
: ? ?
timeLY = = ,
dayLY = = ;

1. +S : . : : :
boyS = = ; 5. +Y windY = = ;

O/-/- K?
6. +TH : :
1. +S sevenTH = = ;
:
paintS = = ; : ...:
smartER = =
7. +ER :
:
S : earliER = = , ;
1.
my motherS = = ,
:
MichaelS = = ;
{ ,

{
the smartEST = =
8. +EST ;
) : :
+(e)D , : = (-); the earliEST = = .

2. , paintED = ) .:
= /,
being paintED = = ;

{
!!!
) :
= ;
: ) .: ( )
3. +ING paintING = = , !!!
= ;

) :
= ;

394 395


- . = ()
= I will be able (to)
, (II)
: = () + (-)
= I have + bought

I: = II: = .:
= + + .
= = I was born = I + should + go.
= , = Stronger than me.
= 1) + + .
= + ! = Id like to + eat an apple;
! = Let him + do it!
2) + + .
... = ... = I have ... I + should + eat an apple.
= = Ive got
... = ... = He has ... = = I was told
= = Hes got ...
= = I want (to) ...
? , ...
No, I DIDNT DO that ... ... = / ...
= I like (to) ...
= = I was punished
= = He was offended
!!!
1 2 3 2 3 1
= a. : , , ,
= My mothers flat.
Me !.
, to = + (-).
= I want + to be rewarded.
w

= + + .
= I + will be + an artist

396 397


- .
( )
2- 3-
( (1- 27 ).
(22 ), NB. ,
, 2- ,
3- () ,
.

): ?
a) , 2- 3-
bet (bet, bet,) = ,
.
burst (burst, burst) =
cast (cast, cast) = ; ()
cost (cost, cost) = :
cut (cut, cut) =
hit (hit, hit) = bleed (bled, bled) () =
hurt (hurt, hurt) = breed (bred, bred) () =
knit (knit, knit) = feed (fed, fed) () =
let (let, let) = lead (led, led) () =
put (put, put) = , speed (sped, sped) () = ,
quit (quit, quit) w =
rid (rid, rid)* =
+
have (had, had) () =
set (set, set) = ( ve- +d);
shed (shed, shed)* =
shred (shred, shred)* =
shut (shut, shut) = )
slit (slit, slit)* = -d -t :
split (split, slplit) =
spread (spread, spread) = bend (bent, bent) () =
sweat (sweat, sweat) w = build (built, built) () =
thrust (thrust, thrust)* = . lend (lent, lent) () =
send (sent, sent) () =
* . spend (spent, spent) () = ;

398 399


) 2- 3- !

, 2- 3-

(2- 18 + 6 ).
-t ,
?
) ,
( !!!): 2- 3-
,
burn (burnt, burnt) () = ( ):
creep (crept, crept) () =
deal (dealt, dealt) () = 1- .: 2- . = 3- .:

dwell (dwelt, dwelt) w (w) = , cling (clung, clung) () =
feel (felt, felt) () = dig (dug, dug) () =
keep (kept, kept) () = () fight (fought, fought) () =
find (found, found) () =
kneel (knelt, knelt) () = ;
grind (ground, ground) () =

hold (held, held) () =
mean (meant, meant) () = say (said, said) () =
( : y i)
meet (met, met) () = (-) sell (sold, sold) () = ()
shoot (shot, shot) () = ( +d)
sleep (slept, slept) () = shine (shone, shone) () =
smell (smelt, smelt) () = , sit (sat, sat) () =
spell (spelt, spelt) () = slide (slid, slid) () =
spin (spun, spun) () = ;
spill (spilt, spilt) () = (-), (-)
(-) stand (stood, stood) () =
sweep (swept, swept) w (w) = , stick (stuck, stuck) () =
weep (wept, wept) w (w) = . sting (stung, stung) () =
swing (swung, swung) w (w) =
win (won, won) w (w) =
wind (wound, wound) w (w) = ;
;

400 401


)
2- =
3- =
. ( 2- 3- 55 ):

)
1- .
3 ?
?
! 3-
- , :
!.
2-3- become (became, become) (, ) =
=
-ought = -oo:
come (came, come) (, ) = ,
run (ran, run) (, ) = , ;
bring (brought, brought) () =
buy (bought, bought) () =
catch (cought, cought) () = ; )
, ;
seek (sought, sought) () = ?
teach (taught, taught) () = , ,
think (thought, thought) () = . 2- +D,
3- = +N:
NB !
lade (laded, laden) (, ) =
5 , mow (mowed, mown) (, ) = ()
rive (rived, riven) (, ) = ()
. saw (sawed, sawn) (, ) =
shave (shaved, shaven) (, ) =
show (showed, shown) (, ) = ()
!!! sow (sowed, sown) (, ) =
strew (strewed, strewn) (, ) =
swell (swelled, swllen) w (w, w) = ;
- :
www.dragunkin-books.ru
. .
402 403


) sing (sang, sung) (, ) =

! slay (slew, slain) (, ) = ()
speak (spoke, spoken) (, ) =
arise (arose, arisen) (, ) = spring (sprang, sprung) (, ) =
bear (bore, born) (, ) = () steal (stole, stolen) (, ) = ()
bear (bore, borne) (, ) = , stink (stank, stunk) (, ) =
beat (beat, beaten) (, ) = stride (strode, stridden) (, ) =
begin (began, begun) (, ) = strive (strove, striven) (, ) =
blow (blew, blown) (, ) = swear (swore, sworen) w (w, w) =
break (broke, broken) (, ) = swim (swam, swum) w (w, w) = ,
choose (chose, chosen) (, ) = () take (took, taken) (, ) = ,
do (did, done) (, ) = tear (tore, torn) (, ) =
draw (drew, drawn) (, ) = ; throw (threw, thrown) (, ) =
drive (drove, driven) (, ) = ; wear (wore, worn) w (w, w) = ()
() weave (wove, woven) w (w, w) =
eat (ate, eaten) (, ) = , write (wrote, written) (, ) = ().
fall (fell, fallen) (, ) =
fly (flew, flown) (, ) = * :
forbear (forbore, forborne) (, ) = 2- go
forget (forgot, forgotten) (, ) = () (= went w = )
freeze (froze, frozen) (, ) =
give (gave, given) (, ) = () wend, !
go* (went*, gone) (w, ) = ; , (. . 411)!
grow (grew, grown) (, ) =
know (knew, known) (, ) =
70%
lie (lay, lain) (, ) = , /
ride (rode, ridden) (, ) = () .
ring (rang, rung) (, ) =
rise (rose, risen) (, ) = ()
see (saw, seen) (, ) = ,
shake (shook, shaken) (, ) =

404 405


cleave = clave/cleft cleft

,
( .
dare = dared/durst dared
! = ,
= 29 ).
, , , dream = dreamed/dreamt dreamed/dreamt
, ,
2- 3-
- ! drink = drank drunk/drunken
(. ). ,

! get = got got/gotten*
,
,
grave = graved graved/graven*
!, ,
()
! hang = hanged/hung hanged/hung
, ,
1- : 2- 3-
(): (. ): (): hide = hid hid/hidden*
,
awake = awoke awaked/awoke
w w w, w
lean = leaned/leant leaned/leant
bid = ; bid/bade bid/bidden , ,
, ,
learn = learned learned/learnt*
bind = () bound bound/bounden* ,
,

bite = bit bit /bitten light = lighted/lit lighted/lit

, , ,

406 407


melt = melted melted/molten* thrive = thrived/throve thrived/thriven

, , ,

owe = owed/ought owed tread = trod trod/trodden

, ,

quit = quitted/quit quitted/quit work = worked/wrought worked/wrought.

w w, w w, w w w, w,

rot = rotted rotted/rotten* * , ,

,
,
seethe = seethed seethed/sodden
() ,
:
sew = sewed sewed/sewn*
,
) ,
shrink = () shrank shrunk/shrunken* :
,
A SUNKEN ship = .
sink = sank sunk/sunken*
, A LEARNT scholar = .

spit = spit/spat spat WROUGHT iron = ;

,

) ,
spoil = spoiled/spoilt spoiled/spoilt
, , :
An horror-STRICKEN man = ,
strike = struck struck/stricken* . (= -).
,

408 409


rend =
(rent, rent) ()

( ). shear =
(sheared, sheared/shorn*) (, /)
20 :
sling =
abide = (slung, slung) () ( )
(abode, abode) ()
slink =
beget =
(slunk, slunk) ()
(begot, begotten) (, )

behold = smite =
(beheld, beheld) () (smote, smit/smitten) (, /)

beseech = stave =
(besought, besought) () (staved/stove, staved/stove) (, )

chide = string = ()
(chid, chid/chidden) (, /) (strung, strung) ()
fling =
wend** w =
(flung, flung) ()
(went, went) (w)
forsake = ,
(forsook, forsaken) (, ) = wring = ().
(wrung, wrung) ()
gild =
(gilded, gilded/gilt*) (, /) * 3-
gird = () ;
(girded/girt, girt) (/, )
** ,
hew = / went
(hewed, hewed/hewn*) (, /) 2- go.
ken** =
(kent, kent) ()
410 411


. ,

( ):
,
, . archives = /-
- SPELLING, binoculars =
= to spell, : clothes , =
APPLE glasses =
- - - , jeans =
pants = ;
= double pyjamas =
, - scissors =
( 2 ). shorts =
tights =
[] [] [] V [:]
[:] I [] [:] W [ :] * trousers =
[:] J [] Q [:] [] trouser
D [:] [] R [:] Y [w] ( );
[:] L [] S [] Z []
F [] [] T [] , ,
G [:] N [] U [:]
(= +(e)S):

1. . thletics 6 =
billiards = ,
: draughts =
a) +s, +es: economics =
book books; bus buses; shoe shoes; gymnastics =
hysterics =
) - -ie+s:
mathematics 6 =
lady ladies; fly flies; city cities;
physics =
-f -ve+s: politics =
half halves; knife knives; leaf leaves; statistics = ;

412 413


, 3. .
:
H
:
: : (. ):

arm = arms = My: Its my car. Mine: Its mine.

colour = colours = Your: Its your car. Yours: Its yours.
His: Its his car. His: Its his.
custom = customs = Her: Its her car. Hers: Its hers.
good = goods = Its: The bird hurt its wing. Its: Its its.
iron = irons = Our: Its our car. Ours: Its ours.
Your: Its your car. Yours: Its yours.
pain = pains =
Their: Its their car. Theirs: Its theirs.
part = parts =
scale = scales = . 4. (= , -c):

myself I looked at myself.

yourself You looked at yourself.
2. . himself He looked at himself.
herself She looked at herself.
C: : itself It looked at itself.
ourselves We looked at ourselves.
yourselves You looked at yourselves.
I: I like Ann. me: Ann likes me. themselves , They looked at themselves.
you: You like Ann. you: Ann likes you.
he: He likes Ann. him: Ann likes him. 5. :
she: She likes Ann. her: Ann likes her.
all = , :
it: It likes Ann. it: Ann likes it.
He worked all year round.
we: We like Ann. us: Ann likes us.
.
you: You like Ann. you: Ann likes you.
they: They like Ann. them: Ann likes them. either , = , ():
Either plan is corect.
. =
= .

414 415


either or , = : 7. .

Either you are wrong or I am.

, . SOME: ANY: NO: EVERY:

neither , = ():
: somebody anybody nobody everybody.
Neither of the two is happy.
someone anyone no one everyone.
.
: something anything nothing everything.
neither nor , = ..., ...:
neither drinks, nor smokes. : somewhere anywhere nowhere everywhere.
, . : sometimes at any time never every time.
every = :
She visits them every third week. 8. .

. : 2 + 3 = 5:
two plus three equals (or: is) five (w).
each = ():
: 6 2 = 4:
They cost a pound each. six minus two equals (or: is) four.
no . : 2 3 = 6:
two times three equals (or: is) six.
6. OTHER ,: : 8 : 2 = 4:
eight divided by two equals (or: is) four.
:
7:
other pen = /
the result is 7.
another pen = /
the other pen = () ,
: 42:
;
four squared
: 43:
other boys = four cubed
the other boys = // 44:
others* are swimming = / four to the fourth
the others* went = // 4n:
four to the n-th;
* .

416 417


:
4: ( )
the square root of four p.m. :
4: 5 p.m. = 17:00 5 .
the cube root of four 10 p.m. = 22:00 10 .
4:
the n-th root of four; , , :

: 1/2: at 9 in the morning = 9

one half at 5 in the afternoon = 5
1/3: at 7 in the evening = 7
at 11 at night = 11 .
one third
11/13:
eleven thirteenths. : :
8th June 1986 = the eighth of June nineteen eighty-six
June 8th 1986 = June the eighth, nineteen eighty-six.
9. :
10. ()
? = What is the time? :
What time is it now?
l:00 = Its one oclock 3:30 = Its half past 3
3:00 = Its three oclock 3:35 = Its 25 to 4 .: .: .:
3:05 = Its 5 past 3 3:40 = Its 20 to 4
3:10 = Its 10 past 3 3:45 = Its a quarter to 4 , : , /: ,
3:15 = Its a quarter past 3 3:50 = Its 10 to 4 :
3:20 = Its 20 past 3 3:55 = Its 5 to 4 I can I could I can
I am able to I was able to I will be able to
1700 = Ill meet you at 5 p.m.
. He , : , : , ,
Ill meet you at seventeen 00. :
-. I cannot, I can't I could not, I couldn't I cannot, I can't
I am not able to I was not able to I will not able to
(. . )
a.m. : (): : :
5 .m. = 5 . I may I may
10 a.m. = 10 . I am allowed to I was allowed to I will be allowed to

418 419


12. :
: : :
I may not I may not :
I must not I must not
I am not to I was not to said, I study English every day.
I am not allowed to I was not allowed to I will be not allowed to He said, I studied English.
He said, I will study English;
: : :
I must I must :
I have to I had to I will have to He said (that) he studied English every day.
I am to I was to Ill be to ... , .

: : : said he had studied English.

I must not I dont have to I will not have to , () .
I am not to I was not to
I dont have to I didnt have to I will not have to He said (that) he would study English.
, .
: : :
I need not/neednt I need not/neednt
I dont need to I didnt need to I wont need to ... 13. :

and ,
NB. , , as well as ... , ...
both ... and ... ...; ..., ...
but ,
!!! either ... or ..., ...
for , ,
however
11. : neither ... nor ..., ...
nevertheless .
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. or ,
so , ,
: : : : : : still , ,
Everybody studies languages intensively at school now. therefore
spoke English fluently at our lesson yesterday. thus ,
yet , ,

420 421


14. : wherever ; ,
,
after , , whether
as ...; ... while ... , ...
as ... as ... ...,
as if (as though) ...
15. .
as long as ; ,
as soon as -
because , , , -
before , , .
if ;
,
in order that ;
.
, ...
in spite of ... !
(the fact that) ... ( , ) ... -
lest , !
no sooner than , ...,
, ... :
not as (not so) ... as ..., ...
provided (that ) , ...; 1)
, ... and, or, but, for, nor, neither, yet:
since ; ;
...; Mary works hard, but her sister is lazy.
... , .
so that
so ... that , ... NB. :
such ... that , ...
supposing (that) ... , , ... Mary studied and John played.
till, until ; ..., , ;
a ...
... than ... ..., ... 2) -
that , , ,
though, although , :
unless ... ...
when The date of Easter, as is well known, changes from year to year.
where , , , ;

422 423


3) - ) :
.
: Come in, John!
, !
however
nevertheless , ... ) :
in m opinion ... cars, lorries, ships and planes ... - , ,
therefore , ;
indeed , )
evidently obviously , , :
well , ...
When she returned, I made a cup of coffee.
, ;
In my opinion, he was guilty.
, . 6) :
The judges opinion, however, was that he was innocent.
Ho no , , ; Mr. Green, the headmaster of our school, told me to write to him.
Mp. , , ;
4) , 7) :
:
came here, having first parked his car.
His name is Michael, not John. , ;
, ;
8) :
5) :
) PLEASE: She said, Its none of your business!.
: !.
Can you lend me the book, please?
, ? By mistakes we learn!, said John.
!, .
) YES NO:
In my view, said the judge, he is innocent!.
, , !;
Yes, I can.
, .
No, I cannot.
, ;
424 425


9) : around = ;
at = ; ; ;
left May 10, 1998 to go to London. ( )
10 1998 , to . before = ( ),
( )
There he met a young woman from Cincinnati, Ohio.
behind = ;
, ;
below = ;
10) , , - beside = ;
: between w =
beyond = ;
Outside, a lot of people were waiting for me. by = ( - ); ; ;
; during = ;
except =
11) : for = ;
from = ;
This house is theirs, isnt it?
in = ( );
, ?
( )
John wasnt ill, was he? of , = ; ;
, ? . ,

Jack didnt find the key, did he? on = ( ); ; ;
, ? ,
out, ,
16. : out from }
=
over = ; ;
about = , ; ; ; through 6 = ; -
above = , ; , ... till = ;
across = ; ; towards w = ;
after = ( ); under = (-)
( ); up = ;
against = (-, -) with w, =
along = ;
among = ;
426 427


against ; , ()
We discussed the arguments for and against.
.

He leaned against the wall.

about ,
() .
They are talking about nature.
. along ,
I love driving along narrow country lanes.
about , ( ) .
8:00 Ill come about 8 oclock.
. among ,
He was never particularly popular among his
colleagues.
about , ( )

She likes to have people about her. .
.
around (round)
above , The satellite has passed once more around
The temperature was above average recently. the Earth.
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at , , ( ),
across ,
He was standing at the window.
I helped the blind man across the street. .
.
at , , , ()
across He picked up a stone and threw it at me.
My house is just across the square. .

. at ( )
7:00 He is having breakfast at this moment.
.
after , ( )
She returned after me. before , , ( )
. Ill get home an hour before the time.
.

428 429


before , ( , down ,
) Steve was running down the hill, crying
His name comes before mine on the list. silently.
.
.
behind , ,
The garden behind your house is beautiful. during , ,
, ,
. 20:00 24:00 During the night a woman was shot dead in the hotel.
.
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The water reaches to just below the knees. for , , , - ()
. Children couldnt speak for laughing.
- .
beside , ,
She sudddenly got up from beside me for , ();
and hurried out. A poor man brought his old watch for sale.
.
.
for , , ()
between () Before you take a train for Glasgow, you must
The train was standing on the border between change twice.
France and Spain.
.
.

for ,
beyond , , Her hatred for her husband was obvious.
; , ; .
Beyond our house we have a long sandy beach.
for (-),
. I paid two pounds for the new textbook.
.
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by , ,
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During summer holidays they spent three days from ,
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. .

430 431


in ; ( ) over , , , ()
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( ).
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Ill be back in a sec.
. over (), , ,
Garry stumbled over a stone and fell over the railings.
in front of (),
.
The car in front of me stopped suddenly
and I had to brake. past
, She went to sleep past sunset.
. .

into , , past ,
Two rivers flow into the Baltic Sea. The bus runs past the house every day.
.
.
of ;
since , , ( ),
People who stay abroad often dream of home.
home
, ,
Ive worked abroad since my school-leaving exams.
.
.
on ( )
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1234567890123456789012345 Their clothes hung on a couple of nails. through , ,
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. I searched through the whole house.
.
on , ( )
A long period of peace followed on the war. throughout ,
You can find these flowers throughout the country.
. .

throughout ,
out of
Throughout his life he was always interested
With your passport you cant travel out of Russia. in nature.

.
}

.

432 433


till (untill) ( ) 17. .

I was cooking from morning till night.
.

(Cardinal Numerals): (Ordinal Numerals):
to , , , ( ) 1 one the first
The old man was sitting with his feet to fire. 2 two the second
. 3 three the third
4 four the fourth
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under , , 5 five the fifth
12345678901234567890123
Theres a cat under the table. 6 six the sixth
. 7 seven the seventh
8 eight the eighth
up , ; , 9 nine the ninth
Go up the stairs and then turn to the left. 10 ten the tenth
. 11 eleven the eleventh
12 twelve the twelfth
with 13 thirteen the thirteenth
With your help I will be able to do it. 14 fourteen the fourteenth
. 15 fifteen the fifteenth
16 sixteen the sixteenth
without 17 seventeen the seventeenth
There is no milk, so we have to do without it.
,
18
19
eighteen
nineteen
the eighteenth
the nineteenth
. 20 twenty the twentieth
21 twenty-one the twenty-first
30 thirty the thirtieth
NB ! 40 forty the fortieth
50 fifty the fiftieth
60 sixty the sixtieth
70 seventy the seventieth
.
80 eighty the eightieth
. 90 ninety the ninetieth
100 one hundred the hundredth
!
101 one hundred and one the one hundred and first
E-mail: dbooks@mail.ru 110 one hundred and ten the one hundred and tenth
1000 one thousand the thousandth
. 1 000 000 one million the millionth

434 435


18. : 22. .

..., ... neither ... nor , ... ... C

..., ... either ... or ... , ... oo... ( (
..., ... both ... and ... 6 ... ... : ) )
: :

19. : one w one orange

1- : 2- : 3- : ach each orange
soon sooner soonest
very every orange
quickly more quickly most quickly
two two oranges

20. : both 6 both oranges
o
: 1- : 2- : 3- : a couple of a couple of oranges
badly [bdli] worse [w9s] worst [w9st] ,
far [fa:] further/farther furthest/ farthest three (or more) three oranges
[ f9,G/f:,G] [ f 9,ist/fa:,ist] ( )
little [litl] less [les] least [li:st] a few a few oranges
much [mat] more [mo:] most [must]
well [wl] better [betG] best [best] several several oranges

many many oranges
21. :
a number of a number of oranges
: :
a dog dogS
(-) (-) a great deal of a great deal of sugar
an orange orangeS
(-) (-)
the dog the dogS much much sugar
() ()
(the orange the orangeS a little a little sugar
() ()
436 437


all all oranges all sugar 24. ( ):

,
most most oranges most sugar January
February
plenty of plenty of oranges plenty of sugar March
, April
lots of lots of oranges lots of sugar May
June
a lot of a lot of oranges a lot of sugar July
August
some some oranges some sugar September
; October
not any/ not any oranges/ not any sugar/ November
no no oranges no sugar December
, NB: = in June

25. :
:
spring
summer
. autumn
fall (US)
winter w
23. ( ):
NB: = in summer
US: UK:
26. ?
Sunday ,
- -
Monday ,
, :
Tuesday , 312-59-36 =
Wednesday W, W = three - one - two - five - nine - three - six,
Thursday , =6 - w - - - -6 - .
Friday , -
Saturday , (, 358), :
NB: = on Friday extension number three - five - eight,
6 - - .
438 439

V

K
dialing code
area code

27. :

( ) bigger
blue = ( ) more
light/dark / = c/ a bigger (one)
light blue = () will (do)
dark blue = ... (, , there will be ...
violet = , ...)
purple = , will be allowed to ,
ll be allowed to
red =
wont be allowed to
pink = (-, -) I will be ..., Ill be ...
orange = ( -) I will ..., Ill ...
black = () I will ..., (Ill) be ... (here)
grey = ( I will (Ill) have to ...
white w = -)
brown = ...
beige
yellow
green
knaki
azure










=
=
=
=
=





...
...
...
...
} (+
-)

( )
... WILL ..., ll ...

will be here
( ?, ?) ... WAS ...
/ /-/- ( -) had to ...
would
... ... ... would ...
, , () used to eat
... WERE ...
... (), ... It would be (great) ... if ...
... ... needed to ...,
It was necessary to ...,
... should ...
... ... ( -) would (= ...d) like to ...
440 441


B
in any case, however ? How come ...?
, you, for you, to you () ? How come (can) you ?
, you ...! ...! Lets ...!
, (1) your (-) Give me
, (2) yourS (-)- ! Let me !
, he was seen to , / (- ) Let me !
they saw him to ... twenty ONE spoonS

- , ! Do whatever you want!
, ... anything you want, all you want, Do anything you want!
whatever you want -! Do anything!
for
? What for?
... ... ( have (has) to ...
+D +D
- ...)
(LOVED)
( -) had to
enpa ,
... ... SHOULD ...
(., break BROKE) !
(E) ... should be ... (deliverED),
/ (, , ) you ARE ... ... has/is to be (deliverED)
you were
, ? Dont you mind if I ...?
(?) him
( ?) his
... wherever it is, (?) her
wherever it would be ... (?) 1 her
... wherever I am ... (?) 2 herS
/ / wherever You are ... ( ) her, for her, to her
... wherever He is ... she needed
- somewhere, some place she needed to , she had to
- somewhere, some other place she neednt , she doesnt need to
anywhere, any place, wherever / she/he may not ..., she cant ...,
! wherever you want, she/he is not allowed to ...
any place you want,
/ she/he likes
anywhere you want
/ she needs (to)

442 443


/ ... she/he should ... (do) ? What for? Why?

( -) wanted
... she wants ..., she feels like ...ing will want
him, for him, to him ! Make him !
hell be allowed to ? What for? Why?
he will not (= wont) be allowed to ... here
hell need (to) ... (, , ...) There is here.
he was allowed to ... There was here.
he was not (= wasnt) allowed to ... There were here.
he needed (to) , he had to / There will be here.
... he may ..., he can ...,
he is allowed to ...
he neednt , he doesnt need to , , have
he needs (to) has
he should , he needed to ... there is
... he wants ..., he feels like ...ing / had
IF ... there were
... IF ... there was ...
... ... IF ... WERE ... , I/they have
(-) there are
... // IF ... HAD ... , , ...? I WONDER if ...
IF , IN CASE (?) them
... unless ... ( ?) 1 their
... (not) ... yet (?) 2 theirS
HE ! He hasnt come yet!

? How?
, Its a pity (that) ? How could I ? How can I ?
But ... How should I ... ?
, wishED, wantED ... , whatever ... would do
wish, want, desire , whatever hed do ...
() , whatever ... did ...
( )
() for , however
() behind

444 445


... (), it would be ... (great) if ... ...? = Who...?

...? How can I ...? (does?) (did?) ,
? How can / could I get there? :
as soon as possible, ASAP Who careS?
...? How can we ...? How could we ? - somebody, anybody, someone
- (- ) somehow - somebody, someone
- (-) someday anyone, anybody, whoever
- (- ) somehow ? Where?
- (-) someday ... ... wherever ... go ...
anyway, anyhow, in any way , ... wherever HE goes ...
Ka ! As you like! As you wish! ! Anywhere! Wherever you want!
s you want!
K ! As you like! As you wish!
As you want! ... (, ) There was
- somehow ... (, ) There were
1 2 3 ... (, ) There are
... (, ) There is ...
my motherS flat
( ... ) years old (Im ... years old)
whoever I am ...
! LOVE me!
// / ... whoever you are
loveS
... whoever he is/ was
/-a/-o, loveD
... whenever, anytime
I lovE
- someday lovING
- once; someday lovING
! Anytime! Whenever! ... any ...
! Anytime! Whenever you want! () anyone
, ... when I come
? Who? Whom?
... anyone, whoever ... () little
Anyone you want! () few
!
{ Anybody you want!
Whoever you want!




boyS
my motherS flat
? Whom? For whom? To whom? ( ) less
? Who wants (to) ? ( ) smaller
? Who? , me, for me, to me

446 447


I should be + 3- ? May I ...? Can I ...?

. I will be allowed to , ... CAN , ... IS able to ...
Ill be allowed to / ? May she/he ?
I was allowed to ? May I ...? Can I ...?
( ) Im (being) beaten , , , .. (1) my
I was seen , , , (2) mine
I should be + 3- ... (//) We ARE ...
... ( Id ..., I should ; Id rather ... () WE WILL ...
-) (-, -) WE WILL BE ...
... Id better ... ... (-, -) WE WERE ...
... Im ... years old
I may , Im allowed to
I have to ..., I should (do smth) ... the other day ...
( -) I need to H ( -) Its necessary to...,
I dont need any need/s to
I neednt , I dont need to should (do smth),
have (has) to ...
I shouldnt
the biggest (one)
I dont want (to) ;
the smallest (one), the least
I wouldnt like to
us, for us, to us
I like
us
/ ... I need , (1) our
( I have to ..., I need to , (2) ourS
-) ... ... were
, I was told (that) , ... was
They told me (that) ... ... is
... Id like to ..., I want , I feel like ...ing ... are
... I should ... I am ..., Im
I want to , I feel like ...ing / will not be , wont be
() much (-, -)
() many 6() ... WONT love
( wont have to ...
+S +ES ( -)
e ) ! Dont do that!
... I can , Im able to ... ... must not , shouldnt
/ ... COULD , was/were able to ... (do smth.),
we CAN , we are able to ... ... dont / doesnt have to
448 449


HE ( ... shouldnt (do smth), TO + (love, ..)

-) didnt have to
! Dont make ! some, several
! Dont love me! ... ... () ... have (has) none,
I dont love ... dont (doesnt) have any ...,
e / diDNT love There is no ...,
e we dont love There isnt any ...
... ... isnt loved nothing
e ... doesnt love () NOWHERE
e you dont love () NEVER
e you dont love () NOBODY
e they dont love () NOBODY
/ ... couldnt ... () NOTHING
/ ... cannot ..., cant ..., () NOTHING
(I am) not able to ... ... Its necessary (to) ...,
... we cannot ..., we cant ..., ... have (has) to ...
we are not able to ... ... Its not necessary ...,
... ( Its not necessary (to ...); Dont !; ... dont (doesnt) have to ...
-) shouldnt (do smth) ... ... should ...
... shouldnt ...
It would be better not to ... O
!!! Dont !!! , , used to eat
... ... Its not necessary for ... (to) ..., obliged
... dont (doesnt) have to ... (, , , ) (you, he, you, they) shall
! Dont do that! , , (, , ...)
! Dont let him ! (SHE, IT) IS ...
, without saying a word ... (, ) ... HE (SHE, IT) WAS ...
wouldnt like to , He thinks that
dont/doesnt want to ; // , to He wants to be + 3-
... dont/doesnt feel like ...ing
nobody, no one // , to He/ she/ it wants you to
may not , Its impossible to ..., ( ...) THEY ARE ...
... shouldnt (do); Dont ...! ... THEY WILL BE there ...
Its not allowed (to )! ( -) THEY WILL
some, a little ... THEY WERE ...
a little, a few
450 451


: () ? Why should I ?
! with anyone!
MY MINE with whoever you want!
, YOUR YOURS ... 1) THE + +(e)ST
HER HERS (the strongeST guy);
OUR OURS 2) THE MOST +
(-) THEIR THEIRS (the MOST beautiful girl)
EVERY EACH ! Do it!
MUCH MANY /-/- have/has done
LITTLE FEW ()? How much?
( )? How many?
! Its time (to) ...! ... ? How old ...?
, ... I am supposed to ... ...? How much (does it cost)?
, I was supposed to ... I will be able to ..., I can ...
() (he) is going to ...
: = (= 1-)
(= ) (you) are going to ...
(?) = 1) of + ()
(... of my father); ... were going to ...
= 2) +S ()
(my fathers); / () ... was going to ...
= 3) YOU were going to ...
()
() BE GOING TO +
-S,
() () Im going to ...
,
(, ) = (1-)
(our fathers deeds = ) (= / )
: (= 1-) = 1) +ER + than ...
(= ) ... ( ...):
biggER THAN a tree;
1) +D
: +ED; = 2) 14 ,
2)
. .
452 453


... (, ) There is ... 1) +D +ED

(, ) There was ... LOVE+D = LOVED;
... (, ) There were ... 2)
... (, ) There are ... :
BREAK BROKEN

... (, , ) You ARE ...

... (, ) There is ... there.
... (, T) There are ... there. () You WILL ...
T ..../ T ... There will be ... there. (-, -) You WILL BE ...
() You would ; you should
... (, ) There was ... there. ... You WERE ...
... () There were ... there. , , You seem to
(1) your
(2) yourS
you, for you, to you () ... (I) WILL HAVE ...
... ( -.) YOUD ..., You should () (, ) (I) HAD ...
! You should have/find a good friend! () ... I HAVE ..., IVE GOT ...
... Youd better ..., () ... I HAVE NO ...,
It would be better for you to , IVE GOT NO ...,
It would be better if you ... I HAVENT ANY ...,
... Youd better
I HAVENT GOT ANY ...,
... Youd rather not ...,
I DONT HAVE ANY ...
Youd better not
() (I) HAVE NOTHING,
! It would be better for you not to !
... You should ... (I) DONT HAVE ANYTHING,
() ... You should ... IVE GOT NOTHING
... You need to ..., You should ... ... ... ... DIDNT HAVE ANY ...
... You need (a ...) HAD NO ...
( You need to ..., you should ... () (I) DIDNT HAVE ANYTHING,
-) (I) HAD NOTHING
T You were + seen (.. + 3- ) ... ... ... WONT HAVE ...,
1) IF ... WILL HAVE NO ...

{ (: If I ever see you ... );
2) WHEN
(: When I came back ... )
...

...
... WILL HAVE NOTHING,
... WONT HAVE ANYTHING
HE HAS ..., HES GOT ...

454 455


... HE HAS NO ..., HES GOT NO ..., , ... what would happen if ...
HASNT ANY ..., - something, anything
HE HASNT GOT ANY ..., ! Anything! Whatever!
HE DOESNT HAVE ANY ... ! Whatever/Anything you want !
() ... HAVE/HAS + 3- ,
: HAVE/HAS DONE
(, ) I AM ...
() I will ..., Ill
x/ ... wantED ... (-, -) I will be ..., Ill be
wanted ... I WOULD ..., ID ...
you WANT ... Id better
- anywhere ... I WOULDNT ...
() ... Id like to ...
- ever
... I WONDER ...; Id like to know :
- ever
, ? = I wonder where he is now?.
- anyone , anybody
... (-, -) I WAS ...
... - ... anything
/ If I/he WERE
- anything
I saw her dancing;
...
... (, , )
they WANT ...
he (she, it) wants
, {
I saw her dance
, Im better than HIM
() (I) want , (I) feel like ...ing ...
, I work better than he does
(/) want/s , ... feel/s like ...ing ...
, Id rather go then
you want , you feel like ...ing ...
, to ( .) I want you (him) TO ...
... I want to ..., I feel like ...ing ...
, to ! I want HIM to leave!.

? Whose?
? ( ?) With what?
..., ... ( ) ... than ...
... ... ( ) whatever, anything
... whatever it is ...
... whatever you do ...
... whatever he does ...
, to ? What can I do to make you ?
to to , in order to
- something, anything

456 457


-! Hold on!
USEFUL EXPRESSIONS ! Ill call you back!
! See you tomorrow!
, ..! ..?
(ARE NOT) , - I guess youve heard ..! Who hasnt ..?
, - , ! I guess its a mistake!
! Just like that!
( , , ? Is that it?
, , ): ! Thats it!
! ! Thats it!
? How is it going?
! Thats right!
() ?
?
} Whats the matter with you? ! Id be happy!
! Here we are!
() ... ? Whats the point (in ..ing)?
! Here we go!
! ? Yes, why?
! ! You bet!
? Whats up?
/ /-/-! I needed you so badly!
? ? What now?
!? ! Youre kidding!?
? , ?
?
} Like what? ?
} What are you talking about?
, , ?
? Mean?
! ! ! Hold it! Hold on!
? Why not?
! ! Now!
, ? Are we clear?
! Youre nuts!
? Whats on your mind?
! Quiet!
? Still awake?
! Just do it!
? Is that right?
!
..?
?
So ..?
So what?
! } Take my advice!

C! ! Listen up!
? Hows work?
! You too!
-? - ? Anything else?
, ! This way, please!
! O boy! Its great! Its cool!
! !
() ! Yore doing well!
!
} In here!
, ...
}
- , ...
Actually ... , ...?
..!
Do/dont you mind if I ...?
Id better be going!
! Guess!

458 459


! ! No way! ?
? What made you do this? ?} Who cares?

? What brought you here? ? Really?

! ! ( ) ! We can manage (it)!
, ! } Got it!
!
?! ? Got it? , ! } Were gonna make it!

( )! So do I! !
, , ...! You must be ... ! } Mind your own business!

/ ! I cant hear/see you! ( )! Sit tight!

! I cant understand men! ! It hurts like hell!
! I cant feel my legs! ! Chek that out!
! I wouldnt hear! ! Check him!
! ! Trust me! !
() ! Ill be right back! ! ! } You turn me on!

() - ! It must be me! ! Im hard to please!

? Got the message? , !
? Coming? -! } Do it my way!

! Coming! Im on my way! , ! Do it his way!

! Absolutely! Sure! ! ! I gt the message!
! You bet! ! Ill bet!
! You bet! /- ! Take it easy!
! What a pity! ! Its up to you!
() ! Shame on you! As you wish! As you like!
! Will do! , ! I guess thats it!
, ... Like I said ... , ! I guess youre right!
, ! Come on in! , () ! I guess youre wrong!
() ! ! You bet!
! } Come on up here!
! ! ! Hold it! Hold on!
() ! ! ! Youre welcome!
! } Come on down here! ! ( )
! Here he comes! ! }
Never mind!
Its pretty big. (-) ! Lets make things clear!
! Its on me! ! Lets get down to business!

460 461


! Four more to go! ! , ! No matter what!

- ? Anybody home? ! , ! No matter who!
/- , ! Hold the line, please! ... , ... Neither of us ...
..! Get me ..! Ill do my best!
/ ..! Ill get you ..!
(), ! { Ill do all I can!
/ ! Ill get you a drink! ! Im ready to give it up!
() ? What is it? - ! Excuse me!
( ) ! He wouldnt see me! !
/ Would you step out ! } I would be delighted!

? for a moment? ! Great!

We are in a need of ... , ? ? Deal?
... { We need ... , ! , ! Deal!
! We need to talk! , , I guess you ...
! Heres to your success! o ! Youre on your own!
. Disorderly conduct , ! Im afraid thats wrong!
Drunk driving ! Thats not quite true to the
That will do! Thatll do! fact!
! ! { Enough! ! Thats (quite) right!
! Ill tell you what! ..! ! Just in case!
? Whats your problem? ... According to your story ...
, ... The point is that ... / ! And whats your story?
, ... What I mean is ... ! Hold the line!
? So what? ! ! Any time!
? You what? ? Excuse me?
... , ? What the hell is/was that? Ill get back to you!
! Just get out from here!
! { Ill call you back!
/-/- ! Take a chance! /- ! Call me back!
! Sure! Sure thing! Absolutely! ! Your time is up!
! Thats okay! ! Hang up!
! You look great! ()! Youll be cut off!
/-/- ! Get back to work! ! Far out! Great!
? Whats your point? . I ran out of money.
, ... ? All right if I ... ? ! Im short of cash!

462 463


? Whats up? , Wine and dine ones guests.

? What do you mean (by that)? .
, ... I take it ... ! Ill let you know!
! I take it for granted! (-)! Were out of it!
/- ! !
! !
Take a left! Turn left!
Big deal! ! } Go easy on the mayo!

? Are you kidding? (-)! I cant keep anything down!

!
!
Lay off!
Leave me alone!
? { What happened?
Whats the matter?
! Fill er up! () ! Its your turn (now)!
()! Keep your shirt on! - ! Im coming down with something!
!
!
!
Calm down!
Comin right up!
Forget about it! } You might as well forget it!
! It upsets my stomach!
! Sure! Sure thing!
- ! Take something for it!
( -) ?
, -? } By any chance? - .
!
Im not feeling too hot.
Youll get the hang of it!
! Dont worry!
! Its on the hour!
! Never mind! ! Ill talk him into it!
( ) ! Lets pick up some chicks!
! In no time! Right away! Now! ! Ill bet!
, ! Here you go! Here it is! ! You have my word!
! Its not the whole story! ? Do you feel like a beer?
! ! My check bounced! ! Ill have to take a raincheck!
! Ring it up! , ! Glad you looked me up!
. As long as you have some ID. ! ( ) Just help yourself!
! Im just looking! ! ( ) Help yourselves!
! I can get along without it! ! Take it easy!
Its a good way to carry ! Dont count on me!
. cash. ! Im open to that! With pleasure!
! Ill treat you! ! I want to get out of it!
! Ill take your word for it! ! Its up to you!
? Whats it like? /- ! Drop me a line!
! ! Now!

464 465


: ! w !
! } QUIET EVERYBODY!
! , ! /- ! W !
SO FAR, SO GOOD! WATCH YOUR STEP!
(- ) !
! } ! NO TRICKS! ...! ...!
ITS TIME TO ...!
? W ? WHAT NOW? , !
... ? W ...?
WHY DONT YOU ...?
! } ! MOVE IT!

! ! ! ! ! HOLD IT!
! } ILL BE DAMNED!
!
W ?
! } ! NO SPEEDING!
/- !
? WHY DONT YOU GO O HELL?
! LETS STICK TOGETHER!
, ...? W ...? WHAT IF I...?
- ! !
, W ?
DONT BE EMBARRASSED!
? WHAT IF I TELL HER ABOUT THIS?
C()! !
, ...? W ...?
WHAT IF I DONT ...?
! } KEEP YOUR PANTYHOSE ON!
/ ! !
? W ?
YOU GONNA LIKE IT!
WHATS GOING ON?
?
! ! JESUS!
6 ?
? } W ? WHATS WRONG?

?
{ WHO YOU THINK YOU ARE?
?
WHO THE FUCK YOU ARE?
- ?
{
6 ?

6 ?
SOMETHING WRONG?

ANYTHING WRONG?
! ! LOOK!
? W w ?
! !
!
!
} ! GET LOST!
!?
WHATS WRONG WITH YOU?
...?
HOW COME DO YOU ...?
! ! ! GO AHEAD!
... !? ...?
!
! } ! COME ON!

HOW COME DOES HE ...?
!
! ! SHUT UP!
!
!
} MIND YOUR OWN BUSINESS!

466 467


! ! ! W !
!
!
!
I MEAN IT!
I DONT CARE!
! !
} WHY DONT YOU FUCK OFF!

NO HARD FEELINGS! ! ! FUCK YOU!

...! w! ()
DONT YOU WORRY !
!!!
, ?!
?..
! !
} ?!

!
6!
JUST LIKE THAT ?!
SURE!
SURE THING!
!
... ...!
... !
} ! FUCKING SHIT!

! ! { ! ABSOLUTELY! !
W !
{
W !
WHAT THE FUCK !
WHAT THE HELL !
! ! ...! LETS!
! JUST IN CASE.
!
!
} ...! BLOODY! !!! ...!
? W ?
DONT!!!

WHAT ELSE DO YOU NEED?

..?
..? } W ..? WHAT THE FUCK ..? !
! } ! BULLSHIT!
, , W ?
! !
?
(!)
WHAT THE HELL IS GOING ON HERE?
W ? ... THE FUCK ...? ! } ! EASY!

...! ! UP YOURS! ...! W ...! WATCH YOUR ...!

( ) ? w? SO WHAT?
! ! SON OF A BITCH! ? W ? WHAT NOW?
!
! ! ! ! ! JERK! FREAK!
, , !
()
,
!

, , ! !
ASSHOLE!

NUTS
BASTARD!
!
!
!
,
} ! SHIT!

, ?
... ...! ? GOT THE MESSAGE, YOU ASSHOLE?

... ! } ... !
...S FULL OF SHIT!
?
- ...?
?
}
!
DOES IT BOTHER YOU?
I SAY!
... ... ( )!
! ! !
SHIT! ILL BE DAMNED!
!
{
!
!
, -
LOOK!
LISTEN TO ME!
RATHER

468 469


C , before the Perestroyka =

: during the Perestroyka =

at dawn = ; after the erestroyka =
at first =
in a week w =
at last = (-)
in four months 6c =
at noon =
in a year =
at midday =
at midnight =
every day = ,
at 5 oclock 5 = 5 every week w = ,
by 5 oclock 5 = 5- every month 6 = , o
since 5 oclock 5 = () 5 every year = ,
from 5 to 7 oclock 5 7 = 5 7
till 12 oclock 12 = () 12 for a long time =
for 4 hours 4 = for about five months 6c =
4- , for ages = , ()
for 7 months 6 = 7
in the evening = for less than a year =
in the morning = for the last three weeks 6 w =
in January = ,
in (the) spring () = (, )
in (the) summer () = (, )
in (the) autumn () = (, ) from time to time =
in (the) winter () w = (, )
ever = () -,
in 1999 = 1999 . () -
in the year 1999 1999 = 1999 never = ,
in the 1990s = 90- for ever =
in the 18-th century 6 = 18 / now = ,
often =
during the nineties = 90- , seldom =
90- then = ,
during the 20-th century w6 = usually =
= 20- ,
last month 6 =
20-
last week w =
during the World War II w w =
last year =
=
470 471


since I got married = , be = ,

since (my) childhood () = :
since that time = ,
since then = ,
= be anxious
in a day or two = , = ..
( ) (-) = be afraid (of ) ( )
one of these days w = ( )
= be sared (of ) ( ) =
for the last days = ( ),
= ..
for the last few days = = be in =
= ..
some day = ,
today , = = be bak =
the day after tomorrow = = ..
the day before yesterday =
the other day = = be out
( )
= be exhausted =
some other day =
yesterday = = ..
= be over
on Sunday / =
on the eve (of ) ( ) = , () ... , = be aware (of ) w ( )
,
next Sunday / =
next week w = = be on
next month 6 = (-) = be in love with w
next year =
= be silent =
less than a year ago = () = ..
over a year ago = ()
5 years ago 5 = 5 () = be able to =
= ..
this time last yr = ()
= be about
the year before last =
_________________________________________________________________ = be nervous =
= ..

472 473


= be late = = be hungry =
= .. = ..
, = be thirsty =
= be well away w w = ..

{
= be absent = = be asleep =
= .. = ..

= be away w = = be in for
= ..
= be tired =
= be after = ..
= be present =
= ..
= be hungry =
= ..
= be upset =
= ..
= be jealous =
= ..
= be angry =
= ..
= be sorry for
= be sorry about
= be in a hurry =
= ..
= be razy about =
= ..
= be in a hurry

474 475


/- bent
/- sought
(= 3- ):
/- spoilt, spoiled ,
/- spent
/- beaten
/- bought
/- shaven
/- ground
/- thrown
/- laden
/- led
/- found
/- taken
/- fed
arisen
/- wound w
, risen
/- strung
/- met
/- written
/- chosen
/- drawn
/- won w
/- taught
/- dug
/- began
/- drunk
/-, /- borne
grown
/- ( ) worn w
/- grown
/- thought
/- graved, graven ,
/- lent
e/- shot
swallen w
/- learned
/- melted, molten ,
/- rotten
/- shaven
/- driven
/- hanged, hung ,
/- (/-) given
/- laden
/- forgotten
/- thought
bound
/- aught
/- bounden
/- shown
frozen
/- forsaken
/- frozen
/- fed
/- shot
/- got, gotten ,
, /- sunk, sunken ,
/- torn
,
/- bred
(/-) known
/- hewn
/- made
/- sown

476 477


/- sent /- woven w
/- stood /- () shaken
/- lost /- sung
/- spend /- sawn
/- built /- spun
/- felt /- hidden
/- sewed, sewn , /- shorn
stuk /- sewn
/- brought /- eaten
/- spoken /- slain
/- sold /- seen
/- staved /- struk, stricken ,
sprung /- stung
/- drunk /- stolen
/- broken /- bit, bitten ,
/- spilt fallen
/- torn /- sat
/- () left gone ,
/- melted, molten ,
swallen w
/- strewn
/- born
rotten
/- rotten
burnt
/- done
/-
(/-) made
/- ( ) wrung
/- said
/- told
/- mown
/- broken
/- bent

478 479


!!!

,
,
,

,
.

1)
,
( )
ING .
, ,
, , -,
(, ,
) = Continuous Progressive.
, :

- :
!!!;

2) - ,
- ,

= Perfect.
:
+ +
- :
+ + !!!

480