3/17/2017 EIGRPNotes

notestakentohelpstudyforCCIE...usedEnablingIPRoutingwithCiscoRoutersbyR.Das&
K.Chakrabarty,CCIERoutingandSwitchingbyA.AnthonyBruno,EnhancedInteriorGatewayRouting
Protocol(CiscoDocumentID:16406),Pearson'sCCNARoutingandSwitching200101CompleteVideo
Course,aswellaslotsofInternetresources.Alotofthisstuffisplagarizedfromthestatedsources,andshould
bereworkedifeverputintoanofficialpublication

EIGRP
TableofContents
EIGRP
Highlights
Concepts
EIGRPMetrics
DefaultKvalues
TimerComparison
Packets
Tables
Type/Length/Value(TLV)
Commands
IPv4config
AUTHENTICATION
Unequalcostrouting
Autosummarization
Passiveinterface
IPv6config
Troubleshooting

Highlights
Ciscospecial...
fastconvergence
Scalable
Loadbalancingoverunequalcostlinks
Classless(VLSMsupport)
Hybridroutingprotocol(distancevectorthathaslinkstatecharacteristics)
Multicast224.0.0.10
IPprotocol88
classless(VLSM).
Neighborsadvertisedistancetospecificnetwork(s)
Defaultcompositemetricofbandwidthanddelay
LoadandreliabilityandMTUcanbefactoredintometric
Sendspartialrouteupdatesonlywhenchangesoccur,triggered(onevent),bounded(onlysendtortrsthat
needit)
Supportforauthentication.MD5.Useskeychainsinconfig.
Bydefault,equalcostloadbalancingunequalcostloadbalancingwiththevariancecommand.variance
multipliesbysuccessorrouteandthanifothermeetfeasibilityconditionsuccessorgetsunequallycost
loadbalanced.
Admindistanceis
90forEIGRPinternalroutes
170forEIGRPexternalroutes
5forEIGRPsummaryroutes.
110OSPF
1STATIC
120RIP

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Supportssplithorizon,poisonreverse.
Doesautosummarybydefault(tomostcommonbit).Sometimesdoesitwrong.Goodideatodisableanddo
summarizationmanually.
multicastpacketsgoto224.0.0.10
usesDUAL(DiffusingUpdateAlgorithm)
Neighborsadvertisedistancetospecificnetwork(s)

Concepts
ProtocolDependentModulesUsesdifferentmodulestosupportIP,IPX,Appletalk.
NeighborDiscoveryandRecoverySends/Monitorshellopackets.RtrbuildstablewithEIGRPneighbor
info.Ifhellonotreceivedwithinholdtime,neighborremovedfromtable.
RTPusesRTPwithsequencenumberstoensurereliabledeliveryofrouteupdates.Updatepacketsaresent
usingmulticastaddress224.0.0.10.Updatesareack'edusingunicasthellopacketswithnodata.
DUAL(DiffusingUpdateAlgorithm)developedbyDr.J.J.GarciaLunaAceves.Selectsbestpath
(successor)and2ndbestpath(feasiblesuccessor)toreachdestination.
Advertiseddistanceisdistancedadvertisedby1routertoanotherasthecosttogettoaspecificnetwork
Feasibledistanceisthelowestcalculatedmetricofpathtoreachdestination.DistancetoEIGRPneightbor
plusthatneighbor'sadvertiseddistancetoaspecificnetwork
Feasiblerouteprimarypathtodestnetwork,basedonbestfeasibledistance.
Sucessorroutebackuppathtodestnetwork,basedonfeasibledistance.
FeasibilityConditionBeforeroutecanbecomeFeasibleSuccessorRoute,itsAdvertisedDistance(AD)has
tobelowerthanFD(Feasibledistance)ofSuccessorRoute

EIGRPMetrics
bandwidth(K1default) big
delay(K3default) dogs
reliability(K5) really
load(K2) like
mtu me

DefaultKvalues
K1=1
K2=0
K3=1
K4=0
K5=0
routereigrp100
metricweight011100(last5numbersareKvalues)
(EIGRPneighborshavetohavematchingKvalues)

DefaultFormula
256*(Bw+Delay)
256*((10,000,000/minbwinkbs)+(sumofinterfacedelays/10))
FullFormula
K2*BwK5
256*([K1*Bw++K3*Delay]*[])
(256Load)(Reliability+K4)

Valuestorightofdecimalsgetdroppedduringcalculation.

Stubroutershubroutercontainsinfo,performsroutingforallnetworks.Spikeroutershaveonlyenoughinfo
toreachhubrouter.

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TimerComparison
Hello (RIPInvalid) Dead Holddown
(OSPFSuspicious) (RIPFlush)
RIP 30 180(6x) 240(8x) 180
OSPF 10BMA 90(3x) 120(4x) 5seconddelay+
30NBMA 10secondsHold
EIGRP 5 15(3x)
60WAN<1.544Mbps
STP 2 20blocking
15listening
15learning
forwarding

Packets

EIGRP
Opcode Description
5 Hello Multicastto224.0.0.10.Defaulttimeris(5seconds(60secondsonWAN
linkswith1.544Mbpsorless)).Holddowntimeris3xhellotimer
Acknowledgment hellopacketwithnodata.Acksreceptionofupdatepacket.Sent
tounicastaddressofsenderofupdatepacket.
1 Update containroutinginfoofdestinations.unicasttonewlydiscoveredneighbors
ormulticastto224.0.0.10whenlinkormetricchanges.UsesRTP.
3 Query Multicasttofindfeasiblesuccessorstodestination.
4 Reply Sentinresponsetoquerypackets.Unicasttosenderofqueryinorderto
providefeasiblesuccessor.
6 IPX,SAP

Tables
neighbortableestablishrelationshipwithneighbor
successorisneighborthatcangiveyoubestpathtodestination
feasibledistancevalueofnetworktosuccessor
reporteddistancerouterreportsFDtonextrouter
feasibledistance=myFD+Reporteddistance
feasiblesuccessorisnextbestrouterthatcangettodestinationbasedon
feasibilityconditionreporteddistancehastobelessthanmyownfeasible
distancethroughsuccessor
shipeigrpneighbors
interfacetable
InterfacesparticipatingineigrpAS
shipeigrpinterfaces
topologytable
routesthateigrpknowsabout
feasiblesuccessorgoesinhere(notinroutingtable)
2successorsloadbalancing
shipeigrptopology
shipeigrptopologyalllinks(willseeeverythingincludingbadlinks)
routingtable

Type/Length/Value(TLV)
Takenfromhttp://www.rhyshaden.com/eigrp.htm.
ThereareanumberofTLVs,allofthembeginwitha16bitTypefieldanda16bitLengthfield.Therethen
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followsanumberoffieldsthatvarydependingonthetypeasgivenbelow.

GeneralTLVs
0x0001GeneralEIGRPparameters(appliestoanyEIGRPpacketregardlessofprotocol)
0x0003Sequence(usedbyCisco'sReliableMulticast)
0x0004EIGRPsoftwareversion,theoriginalversionbeing0andthecurrentversionbeing1(usedby
Cisco'sReliableMulticast)
0x0005NextMulticastSequence(usedbyCisco'sReliableMulticast)
IPTLVs
0x0102IPinternalroutes
0x0103IPexternalroutes
AppleTalkTLVs
0x0202AppleTalkinternalroutes
0x0203AppleTalkexternalroutes
0x0204AppleTalkcablesetup
IPXTLVs
0x0302IPXinternalroutes
0x0303IPXexternalroutes

Commands
routereigrp[as](ASusedtobe2bytes65335,maynowbe4
bytes(4billion+?))
(oneASdoesn'tplaywithanotherunlessyou
resdistribute)
network[ipsubnettoparticipateinroutingprocclassfulor
classlessifyouleaveoffsubnet]
noautosummary
ipsummaryaddresseigrpASIPAddrMaskeigrpstub[receiveonly|connected|static|
summary]
defaultnetwork<ipaddrorexitinterface>(likedefaultgwforrouter)
redistributeospf<BW><D><R><L><M>
(e.g.redistributeospf10000100255115000)

showipeigrpneighbor
showipv6eigrpneighbor
showipv6eigrpinterfaces
showipeigrptopology
showipv6eigrptopology
showipprotocols(getsinfoabouteigrpandotherroutingprotocols)showipv6protocols
showiproute
showipv6route

(Show'sroutew/weightsadvertfrdiffrtrIDs)
(FDFeasibleDistancecalc'eddistancedconnected)
(RDReceivedDistanceDistancerecievedfromneighbor)
shipeigrptopologyalllinks(willseeallinclbadlinks)
showipprotocols
debugipeigrpevents

IPv4config
RouterOne
routereigrp2000(The"2000"istheautonomoussystemmustmatchonneighboringrouters)
network172.16.1.00.0.0.255

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metricweight011100(last5numbersareKvalues)
(EIGRPneighborshavetohavematchingKvalues)

AUTHENTICATION

keychainDEMO
key1
keystringDaKEYstring
intfa0/1
ipauthenticationkeychaineigrp100DEMO
ipauthenticationmodeeigrp100md5(sendhashofkeystring)

Unequalcostrouting
FigurevariancebasedonmaxFD.
FD1390123
FD22304357

variance=roundup(2304357/390123)=6

routereigrp100
variance6

showiproute(willshowunequalcostroutesinroutingtable)

Autosummarization

routereigrp100
autosummary

doesn'tworkwellwithdiscontinguousnetworks...

Passiveinterface
listenbutdon'tadvertise
routereigrp100
passiveinterfacefa0/0

showipprotocols(willshowpassiveinterfaces)
showipeigrpneighbors
showipeigrpinterfaces

RouterTwo
routereigrp2000
redistributeeigrp1000routemaptoeigrp2000
network172.16.1.00.0.0.255
routereigrp1000
redistributeeigrp2000routemaptoeigrp1000
network10.1.0.00.0.255.255

routemaptoeigrp1000deny10
matchtag1000
routemaptoeigrp1000permit20
settag2000
routemaptoeigrp2000deny10
matchtag2000
routemaptoeigrp2000permit20
settag1000

IPv6config

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ipv6routereigrp1(1isautonomoussystem)
routerid1.1.1.1
intlo0
ipv6eigrp1(tellinterfacetoparticipateinas1)
intfa0/1
ipv6eigrp1

Troubleshooting
shiproute(checkadmindistancesandFD)
showipeigrptopology(FD/advertiseddistance)
showipeigrpinterfaces
showipeigrpneighbors
NIT
showipprotocols

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