The Research on the Technology of the Degaussing coil Based on UHV

Transformer of the Double Column Type

Ma Hua-hui,Yang Zai-bao, Shi Dong-wei

Shandong Electrical Engineering & Equipment Group Co.,Ltd,Jinan,China,349682592@qq.com

ABSTRACT:
Due to the double column type 1000kV / 1000MVA auto-transformer in the process of design, neutral and
medium voltage coil head on the same side, and the neutral point and high pressure head in two, first half a turn
coil through the core window. When the high voltage current flows through the coil, the half turn coil can not
participate in running the ampere turns balance coil, therefore in the big box of iron yoke excitation flux " half",
make the transformer loss, the noise, and the cost of the transformer operation increase. In order to reduce the
operating cost of the transformer, this paper theoretically analyzed the main magnetic flux and half turn coil
magnetic flux distribution, designed the corresponding ampere-turns balance coil, calculated demagnetizing coil
is established physical model test data, puts forward the degaussing coil testing scheme, proves the correctness
and the rationality of the design of degaussing coil, provides security guarantee the normal operation of 1000kV /
1000MVA auto-transformer.
KEY WORD: Double hundred thousands of transformer; Ampere-turns balance; Electromagnetic induction;
Degaussing coil

1.Introduction
The role of ultra-high voltage transformer in the power grid is becoming more and more important with the
vigorous construction of ultra-high voltage grid.1000kV / 1000MVA auto-transformer works in the form of
step-down . As the core equipment of ultra-high voltage gridwhether the economic and safe operation of dual
million transformer is directly related to ultra-high voltage grid .
Due to the capacity of the dual million transformers is too large, according to the comprehensive
consideration of insulation requirements and design costs, the capacity is divided into two-limb or three -limb
core.In the design and production production of two-limb core transformer, the neutral and the MV winding head
on the same side, and with HV winding head respectively on both sides, half turn coil passes through the window
of the core, when the high-voltage coil through the rated load current, the half turn coil is formed on the ampere
turn (actually half turn coil by high voltage power supply and head to the neutral form 1 turn), can not participate
in the operation coil ampere turn balance is bound to in the yoke frame excitation produced " half", the
transformer loss increases, greatly increasing the cost of the operation. Therefore, in order to eliminate the yoke
frame " half" flux. In this paper, the design of the degaussing coil, and through theory and experiment on the
degaussing coil for analysis and verification.
2 Analysis of two-limb core magnetic circuit
1000kV transformer is made up of two limb and two side yokes. According to the law of electromagnetic
induction E = 4.44fW [1], E is determined by the voltage of the grid,so the main magnetic flux of the
transformer limb is locked by the voitage of grid . Thus, " half" can not enter the main limb, the magnetic
circuit is formed only in the york. As shown in Figure 1.
 Fig.1. The main and the half magnetic flux of the transformer
When the transformer is running, half-turn coil flux yoke additive effect in the transformer primary flux, so
that the core and the upper and lower yoke side yoke are moving the flux size vary. Thus, it makes the loss and
noise of the transformer increase. Figure 1 shows that the specific flux distribution is as follows:
Two lengths in the upper and lower yoke: =main/2+half
One length in the upper and lower yoke :=main/2-half
Side yoke :=main/2+half
3 The working principle and design calculation of degaussing coil
In order to eliminate the half-turn coil magnetic flux, we design a degaussing coil according to the principle
of electromagnetic induction.It has a function that the two different magnetic flux cancel each other out according
to the magnetic flux walking path.
3.1 The working principle of degaussing coil.
Two degaussing coils as a group, the main magnetic flux of two degaussing coils must be same end
connection otherwise it will form a short circuit ring. If the main magnetic flux of two degaussing coils is
different, the dotted terminal will be auto changed to synonym terminal for the same magnetic flux of half-turn
coil. It is "automatic formation of short ring", and it will produce degaussing circulation. If the main magnetic
flux two degaussing coils consistent, then for a half-turn along the lines of magnetic flux, the same end
connection will not be auto changed different name end connection for the same magnetic flux of half-turn coil. It
is "no automatic formation of short ring" , and it does not produce degaussing circulation. Since the double-limb
double million transformer the magnetic flux of side limb is agreement, requiring two degaussing coil on upper
yoke and side limb ,composed of the main magnetic flux of each group of coils is not consistent (a set is enough
in theory).
According to the actual test, the main magnetic flux is not exactly equal between the big box and small
box,and big box is 5-15% bigger than small box.For two-limb core, each degaussing coil due to differences in
EMF will produce balance in the circulation circuit ring . The balance circulation mkes the main magnetic flux of
the big and small box exactly equal, and value of balanced circulation is 11A when the primary flux perfectly
balanced. Since the two degaussing coil current imbalance, and both have degaussing current balance current,
according to empirical data, power density should be <0.85A / mm2. The design principle is shown in Figure 2.
 Fig.2.Schematic design of degaussing coil
3.2 The Calculation of the degaussing coils
The rated HV of 1000kV transformer is 1050 kV,and the rated current = 1000000/1050 / 3 = 1650 (A).
Degaussing coil design calculation table as shown in Table 1:
Tab1.Degaussing coil design calculations
The max ampere-turn of the half coil in the yoke 1*Ir1=1*1650= 1650 A/Turn
Number of the degaussing coils N= 4 a
Each turns Wo= 5 Turn
The max potential of turn in the yoke et=470.666/2 235.333 V/Turn
The max induction-potential in each degaussing coils Eo=5*235.333= 1177 V
The max ampere-turn balance current of each ideal degaussing coil Io=1650/(5*4)= 83 A
Each cross-sectional area of each coil after considering the un-balance of two groups current S=83/0.85= 100 mm2
The turns of each group of the degaussing coils=5*2= 10 Turn
Total numbers of the degaussing coils turns =10*2= 20 Turn
Wire sizes of the degaussing coilsCombination ZJZ-2.45(0.3+2.15) 3*2.36*14 71 kg
The Cross-sectional area of the degaussing coils =3*(2.36*14-0.549)= 97.473 mm2
Ideal current calculation of the degaussing coils=1650*1/20= 82.5 A

After the direction of degaussing coil is designed,the degaussing current and balance current can be
subtracted (This product is designed to be subtracted, and pay attention to balancing current flows from the
dotted terminal of degaussing coil in big box to the dotted terminal of degaussing coil in small box ), also can be
added[2]. Power density should consider adding in the design of the degaussing coil.
4 Degaussing coils test
The key point of the working principle of the degaussing degaussing coil:
The dotted terminal connection of the main magnetic flux will not form a short-circuit ring.For the half-turn
coil flux will automatically reverse the synonym terminal connection,it will immediately form a short ring. Since
the half-turn coil through the high and medium voltage coil and high and medium voltage or low voltage
[3-4]
automatic ampere-turn balance is a complex system . Therefore, you can not use Kirchhoff's second law to
calculate the magnetic circuit of a half-turn coil flux density, it can only be obtained by the method of testing.
4.1 Test program
According to the experimental requirements, the test program of degaussing coils is formulated as follows:
(1)The two ends of the same name from the degaussing coil positioned nail temporary cover 10kV bushing
lead, and by CT / PT connection power analyzer, as shown in Figure 3.
 (2)The loss must be measured in the load test of 1000kV transformer.Among them, including H-M load,
H-L load, M-Lload .The degaussing coil voltage,current and loss of the sample must be measured in 25%, 50%,
75%, 100% of rated current.
(3)The loss must be measured in the no-load of 1000kV transformer.The degaussing coil voltage,current and
loss of the sample must be measured when the degaussing coil is all opened and all shorted.

Fig3.Layout and testing of wiring schematics degaussing coils

4.2 Test results

Accordance with the test program,the load test and no-load test of the degaussing coil is taken in the UHV
Testing Hall of Shandong Electric Engineering and Equipment Group Co.,LTD[5-6].
4.2.1Load test
Load test 1,2 group degaussing coil connection, degaussing current 1 and 2 are not equal. It is because the
two groups voted degaussing coil current distribution depends on the impedance, the current size is inversely
proportional to the impedance of the line and the half-turn degaussing coil. The size and impedance line with a
half turn and degaussing coil self-inductance and mutual inductance coupling transformer coil end runtime
leakage-flux related. Load test data shown in Table 2:
Tab2.Degaussing coil test results

Sample Group 1 Group 2

The state of
Current Type of The current 1+2
the degaussing Current Loss Voltage1 Current 1 Voltage 2 Current 2
% running (A)
coils (A) (kW) (V) (A) (V) (A)

1,2open 415.4 128.0 689.0 0.0 689.5 0.0 0.0

1short,2open 418.2 79.8 65.0 42.5 63.5 0.0 42.5

H-M
1open,2short 415.6 76.8 64.0 0.0 64.0 42.1 42.1

1,2short 413.8 76.4 64.0 17.5 64.0 24.8 42.3

25%
1,2open 137.7 30.7 133.0 0.0 211.0 0.0 0.0
H-L
1,2short 142.9 29.7 54.0 9.0 54.0 6.1 15.1

1,2open 272.3 25.0 37.0 0.0 36.0 0.0 0.0

M-L
1,2short 284.2 27.1 30.0 3.2 30.0 2.5 5.7

50% H-M 1,2open 800.7 440.0 1412.0 0.0 1293.0 0.0 0.0
 1,2short 847.5 313.4 131.0 35.2 130.0 50.5 85.7

H-L 1,2short 277.6 112.2 107.0 17.4 107.0 11.7 29.1

M-L 1,2short 551.1 101.1 58.0 6.0 58.0 4.9 10.9

H-M 1,2short 1269.1 699.0 221.0 50.7 221.0 74.0 124.7

75% H-L 1,2short 413.3 249.5 160.0 25.6 160.0 17.4 43.0

M-L 1,2short 844.5 232.9 100.0 9.8 100.0 7.2 17.0

H-M 1,2short / / 291.0 67.4 291.0 98.0 165.4

100%
M-L 1,2short / 397.7 129.0 12.3 129.0 9.4 21.7

"HV -MV in the" 100% of rated current test : degaussing current 1 = 67.4A, degaussing current 2 = 98.0A,
current 2 = 1.45*current 1; "HV-LV" in 75% of the rated current test: degaussing current 1 = 25.6A, degaussing
current 2 = 17.4A, current1 = 1.47*current 2. "HV-MV in the" 100% rated current, the loss of the degaussing coil
is 7kW and the weight of the degaussing coil is 71kg, and it should be very effective. In "HV-MV" or "HV-LV"
run-time (half a turn line problems), HV current and degaussing current sum of the ampere-turns must comply
with the principle of balance, namely 10: 1 relationship,whether how many groups of the degaussing coil were
running.
According to yoke design data and test result of the transformer, the calculation of core loss is shown in
Table 3.
Tab3. Core loss calculation
The Cross-sectional area of yoke= 6254.7 cm2
Weight of yoke=173803-64004= 109799 kg
Length of the air-gap=4*8/1000= 0.032 m
4
25%current,magnetic density of the half wire B=689/5/(4.44*50*6254.7)*10 = 0.992 T
4
50%current,magnetic density of the half wire B=1293/5/(4.44*50*6254.7)*10 = 1.862 T
25% currentyoke W//kg= 0.415 W/kg
50% currentyoke W//kg= 1.414 W/kg
25% currentyoke loss=1.05*0.415*109799*10^-3= 47.8 kW
50% currentyoke loss=1.05*1.414*109799*10^-3= 163 kW
The Second magnetic circuit theorem HL=IWB25%=415.4/0.032*4*PI()*10^-7= 0.016313 T
The Second magnetic circuit theorem HL=IWB50%=800.7/0.032*4*PI()*10^-7= 0.031443 T

4.2.2 No-load Test

No-load test, the loss of the degaussing coil is 38kW when all degaussing coils is connected. But the total
no-load loss is still reduced by 12kW. The test results are shown in Table 4.
Tab4.Load test data
Sample Group 1 Group 2

Voltage Voltage Current

Voltage Current Loss Sample Current
(V) (V) (A)
(kV) (A) (kW) (A)
Big box Small box Big box Small box

110 4.9 154.1 1,2open 1330 1093 0 1330 1093 0

110 5.1 142.1 1,2short 1120 11.5 1120 11.1

The magnetic density of the boxes can be calculated according to Electromsgnetic Induction E=4.44fWand
the test data.See Tab.5.
 Tab5.Magnetic density calculation
All openedthe magnetic density of the big box B=1330/5/(4.44*50*6254.7)*10^4= 1.916 T

All openedthe magnetic density of the small box B=1093/5/(4.44*50*6254.7)*10^4= 1.574 T

All shortedthe magnetic density of the big box B=1120/5/(4.44*50*6254.7)*10^4= 1.613 T

All shortedthe magnetic density of the small box B=1120/5/(4.44*50*6254.7)*10^4= 1.613 T

4.3 Data analysis

The test data as follows:
(1)Load test 25% of the rated current, when the all degaussing coil is opened, half-turn line excitation yoke
flux density up to 0.992T in big box.The loss can be reduced 51kW after the magnetic flux of half turn coil
completely eliminated when all the degaussing coils is shorted or only one degaussing coil shorted.
(2)Load testing at 50% of rated current, when the all degaussing coil is opened, half-turn coil excitation
yoke flux density up to 1.862T in big box. The loss can be reduced 127kW after the magnetic flux of half turn
coil completely eliminated when all the degaussing coils is shorted or only one degaussing coil shorted.
(3)Test 75-100% of rated load current, when all the degaussing coil is opened, half-turn coil excitation when
the yoke severely saturated. Thus, the degaussing coils is all shorted when 75-100% of the rated current tests. It
can reduce the load loss more than 200kW. In addition, no half-turn coil excitation yoke, the yoke is not saturated,
can greatly reduce the load loss noise.
(4)In the no-load test, when all the degaussing coil is opened, yoke flux density of big box is 1.916 T, yoke
flux density of small box is 1.574T; when all the degaussing coil is shorted , yoke flux density is all 1.613T. This
design is 1.610 T.
5 Conclusion
Through theoretic analysis and experiment proved that degaussing coil can reduce the load loss of the
product is about 300kW,and it can obviously reduce the load noise. The no-load loss can also reduce 12kW , and
it can be moderately reduced the no-load noise. Degaussing coil magnetic flux lines can be eliminated magnetic
flux of a half turn. And it has the function of balancing the size of the magnetic flux. This product design with
two groups or a group of degaussing coils can achieve the same effect. Considering the symmetry of the product
structure, and design groups as well .Only 71kg magnet wire and self-consumption 45kW active power can be
designed to achieve such significant saving and noise reduction effect of degaussing coil, and it is indeed a very
clever design. The theoretical analysis and experimental verification of the design is very perfect.

Reference
[1]Xu Shizhang.Electric Machinery(Third Edition).Beijing.China Machine Press.2011.
[2]ZhaoYang.The Design of the degaussing coils [J].Electronic technology.2001,02:74-76.
[3]Lu Changbo.The Transformer Design.HeilongjiangHeilongjiang Science and Technology Press,1986.
[4]McLymanC.W.T.(America)Transformer and Inductor Design
Handbook.GongShaowen(Translation).Beijing.China Power Press. 2008.
[5]Hu Qifan.Test technology of transformer. Beijing.China Power Press. 2014.
[6]Wang Guanzheng. The test of transformer.Beijing.China Machine Press.2009