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Outline
Q Introduction and motivation for wireless
wearable biomedical sensors
Q The requirements and challenges for
wireless biomedical sensors
Q Energy efficient system architecture
Q A design example of wireless ECG-on-
chip
Q Conclusions
CICC2017, April 30, 2017, Austin, Texas, USA Prof. Yong LIAN, eleliany@gmail.com
17-03-26
CICC2017, April 30, 2017, Austin, Texas, USA Prof. Yong LIAN, eleliany@gmail.com
17-03-26
CICC2017, April 30, 2017, Austin, Texas, USA Prof. Yong LIAN, eleliany@gmail.com
CICC2017, April 30, 2017, Austin, Texas, USA Prof. Yong LIAN, eleliany@gmail.com
17-03-26
CICC2017, April 30, 2017, Austin, Texas, USA Prof. Yong LIAN, eleliany@gmail.com
CICC2017, April 30, 2017, Austin, Texas, USA Prof. Yong LIAN, eleliany@gmail.com
17-03-26
CICC2017, April 30, 2017, Austin, Texas, USA Prof. Yong LIAN, eleliany@gmail.com
17-03-26
The Challenges
Q Regulatory requirements
Internaonal Standard: IEC 60601 (Internaonal
Electro-technical Commission)
Local Standard: ANSI (American Naonal
Standards), AAMI(Associaon for the
Advancement of Medical Instrumentaon)
Q Skin-electrode interface
Q Moon artefacts
Q System integraon
CICC2017, April 30, 2017, Austin, Texas, USA Prof. Yong LIAN, eleliany@gmail.com
17-03-26
Q Regulatory requirements
Q Performance requirements
Q Lead placement
Q Signal characteriscs
CICC2017, April 30, 2017, Austin, Texas, USA Prof. Yong LIAN, eleliany@gmail.com
CICC2017, April 30, 2017, Austin, Texas, USA Prof. Yong LIAN, eleliany@gmail.com
17-03-26
CICC2017, April 30, 2017, Austin, Texas, USA Prof. Yong LIAN, eleliany@gmail.com
ST level 0 mV 0.1 mV
CICC2017, April 30, 2017, Austin, Texas, USA Prof. Yong LIAN, eleliany@gmail.com
Source: M. Puurtinen, et. al., Best Electrode Locations for a Small Bipolar ECG Device, ABE, 37, 2, Feb. 2009
CICC2017, April 30, 2017, Austin, Texas, USA Prof. Yong LIAN, eleliany@gmail.com
17-03-26
*Measurements
from 236 healthy
subjects.
Power Management
Micro Wireless
ADC
Controller Transceiver
Sensor Memory
Amplifier
Inputs
CICC2017, April 30, 2017, Austin, Texas, USA Prof. Yong LIAN, eleliany@gmail.com
CICC2017, April 30, 2017, Austin, Texas, USA Prof. Yong LIAN, eleliany@gmail.com
17-03-26
CICC2017, April 30, 2017, Austin, Texas, USA Prof. Yong LIAN, eleliany@gmail.com
*M. Khayatzadeh, WS Liew, X Zhang, J Tan, and Y Lian, A 0.7-V 17.4-W 3-Lead
2.5mm Wireless ECG SoC, IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Circuits and Systems, Vol.
7, No.5, pp.583-592, Oct. 2013.
CICC2017, April 30, 2017, Austin, Texas, USA Prof. Yong LIAN, eleliany@gmail.com
17-03-26
ECG Recording
1
Measured
Lead I (mV)
-1 - Lead I +
0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 - -
1
Derived
Lead II
Lead II (mV)
0
Lead III
-1
0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3
1
Measured
+
Lead III (mV)
0 DRL
-1
0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3
time (s)
CICC2017, April 30, 2017, Austin, Texas, USA Prof. Yong LIAN, eleliany@gmail.com
*CJ Deepu, XY Zhang, CH Heng, and Y Lian, A 3-lead ECG-on-chip with joint QRS detection and lossless compression for
wearable sensors, IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems II, Vol.63, No.12, pp.1151-1155, Dec. 2016.
CICC2017, April 30, 2017, Austin, Texas, USA Prof. Yong LIAN, eleliany@gmail.com
17-03-26
CICC2017, April 30, 2017, Austin, Texas, USA Prof. Yong LIAN, eleliany@gmail.com
DTCA CTCA
(e.g. switched-capacitor
Continuous in Time
filters)
DTDA CTDA
(e.g. microprocessors (e.g. continuous-time
and digital filters) digital filters)
Discrete in Amplitude
Y. W. Li, K. L. Shepard, and Y. P. Tsividis, "Continuous-time digital signal processors," in Proc. 2005 IEEE Int. Symp. Async.
Circuits Syst. (ASYNC'05), 2005, pp. 138-143.
CICC2017, April 30, 2017, Austin, Texas, USA Prof. Yong LIAN, eleliany@gmail.com
17-03-26
CICC2017, April 30, 2017, Austin, Texas, USA Prof. Yong LIAN, eleliany@gmail.com
CICC2017, April 30, 2017, Austin, Texas, USA Prof. Yong LIAN, eleliany@gmail.com
17-03-26
CICC2017, April 30, 2017, Austin, Texas, USA Prof. Yong LIAN, eleliany@gmail.com
Implementation of CTDA
ULP System
17-03-26
Event-Driven Sampling
Q Level-crossing (LC) sampling
(a) Signal waveforms of a level-crossing ADC
An event in LC
sampling is defined as
the change of
magnitude exceeds a
predefined value.
ti tii tiii tiv
t
(b) Power consumption
Power consumption
is a function of
event, i.e. no power
is consumed if there
is no event.
ti tii tiii tiv
t
CICC2017, April 30, 2017, Austin, Texas, USA Prof. Yong LIAN, eleliany@gmail.com
An Example of LC Sampling
2
ECG Signal
1.5 LC-ADC Output Samples
Peak Flag
1
0.5
ECG (mV)
-0.5
-1
peak1
peak2
peak3
peak4
N Ravanshad, HR Dehsorkh, R Lotfi, and Y Lian,A Level-Crossing Based QRS-Detection Algorithm for
Wearable ECG Sensor, IEEE Journal of Biomedical and Health Informatics, Vol.18, No.1, Jan. 2014
CICC2017, April 30, 2017, Austin, Texas, USA Prof. Yong LIAN, eleliany@gmail.com
17-03-26
CICC2017, April 30, 2017, Austin, Texas, USA Prof. Yong LIAN, eleliany@gmail.com
N Ravanshad, HR Dehsorkh, R Lotfi, and Y Lian,A Level-Crossing Based QRS-Detection Algorithm for
Wearable ECG Sensor, IEEE Journal of Biomedical and Health Informatics, Vol.18, No.1, Jan. 2014
CICC2017, April 30, 2017, Austin, Texas, USA Prof. Yong LIAN, eleliany@gmail.com
17-03-26
LC-ADC Implementation
*C Weltin and Y Tsividis,An event-driven clockless level-crossing ADC with signal-dependent adaptive
resolution, IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits, Vol.48, No.9,pp.2180-90, Sept. 2013
CICC2017, April 30, 2017, Austin, Texas, USA Prof. Yong LIAN, eleliany@gmail.com
CICC2017, April 30, 2017, Austin, Texas, USA Prof. Yong LIAN, eleliany@gmail.com
17-03-26
CICC2017, April 30, 2017, Austin, Texas, USA Prof. Yong LIAN, eleliany@gmail.com
CICC2017, April 30, 2017, Austin, Texas, USA Prof. Yong LIAN, eleliany@gmail.com
17-03-26
Adaptive level-cross
CICC2017, April 30, 2017, Austin, Texas, USA Prof. Yong LIAN, eleliany@gmail.com
XY Zhang, and Y Lian, A 300-mV 220-nW Event-Driven ADC With Real-Time QRS Detection for Wearable
ECG Sensors, IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Circuits, Vol. 8, No, 6, pp.834-843, Dec. 2014.
CICC2017, April 30, 2017, Austin, Texas, USA Prof. Yong LIAN, eleliany@gmail.com
17-03-26
DIR
XY Zhang, and Y Lian, A 300-mV 220-nW Event-Driven ADC With Real-Time QRS Detection for Wearable
ECG Sensors, IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Circuits, Vol. 8, No, 6, pp.834-843, Dec. 2014.
CICC2017, April 30, 2017, Austin, Texas, USA Prof. Yong LIAN, eleliany@gmail.com
XY Zhang, and Y Lian, A 300-mV 220-nW Event-Driven ADC With Real-Time QRS Detection for Wearable
ECG Sensors, IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Circuits, Vol. 8, No, 6, pp.834-843, Dec. 2014.
CICC2017, April 30, 2017, Austin, Texas, USA Prof. Yong LIAN, eleliany@gmail.com
17-03-26
XY Zhang, and Y Lian, A 300-mV 220-nW Event-Driven ADC With Real-Time QRS Detection for Wearable
ECG Sensors, IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Circuits, Vol. 8, No, 6, pp.834-843, Dec. 2014.
CICC2017, April 30, 2017, Austin, Texas, USA Prof. Yong LIAN, eleliany@gmail.com
TP
Se (Sensitivity %) = , TP is total number of QRS
TP + FN
FN is number of false negative errors
TP
+P (Positive Prediction %)= , FP is number of false positive errors.
TP + FP
XY Zhang, and Y Lian, A 300-mV 220-nW Event-Driven ADC With Real-Time QRS Detection for Wearable
ECG Sensors, IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Circuits, Vol. 8, No, 6, pp.834-843, Dec. 2014.
CICC2017, April 30, 2017, Austin, Texas, USA Prof. Yong LIAN, eleliany@gmail.com
17-03-26
An Example of a 2.89W
Wireless ECG-on-Chip
based on CTDA System
Architecture
XY Zhang, Z Zhang, YF Li, CR Liu, YX Guo, and Y Lian, A 2.89W dry-electrode enabled clockless wireless
ECG SoC for wearable applications, IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits, Vol.51, No. 10, Oct.2016.
CICC2017, April 30, 2017, Austin, Texas, USA Prof. Yong LIAN, eleliany@gmail.com
17-03-26
DC-Coupled IA
Mitigate DC Offset
High-pass with
unity DC gain
Input DC
shielding through
pseudo resistor
R0
PGA stage with
AC-coupling to
remove residual
offsets
XY Zhang, Z Zhang, YF Li, CR Liu, YX Guo, and Y Lian, A 2.89W dry-electrode enabled clockless wireless
ECG SoC for wearable applications, IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits, Vol.51, No. 10, Oct.2016.
CICC2017, April 30, 2017, Austin, Texas, USA Prof. Yong LIAN, eleliany@gmail.com
XY Zhang, Z Zhang, YF Li, CR Liu, YX Guo, and Y Lian, A 2.89W dry-electrode enabled clockless wireless
ECG SoC for wearable applications, IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits, Vol.51, No. 10, Oct.2016.
CICC2017, April 30, 2017, Austin, Texas, USA Prof. Yong LIAN, eleliany@gmail.com
17-03-26
RISE: two
pulses with
~400ns interval
FALL: a single
pulse
XY Zhang, Z Zhang, YF Li, CR Liu, YX Guo, and Y Lian, A 2.89W dry-electrode enabled clockless wireless
ECG SoC for wearable applications, IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits, Vol.51, No. 10, Oct.2016.
CICC2017, April 30, 2017, Austin, Texas, USA Prof. Yong LIAN, eleliany@gmail.com
XY Zhang, Z Zhang, YF Li, CR Liu, YX Guo, and Y Lian, A 2.89W dry-electrode enabled clockless wireless
ECG SoC for wearable applications, IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits, Vol.51, No. 10, Oct.2016.
CICC2017, April 30, 2017, Austin, Texas, USA Prof. Yong LIAN, eleliany@gmail.com
17-03-26
CICC2017, April 30, 2017, Austin, Texas, USA Prof. Yong LIAN, eleliany@gmail.com
Zero-powered wireless
wristband for blood User applications
press, temperature,
SpO2 Hospital
CICC2017, April 30, 2017, Austin, Texas, USA Prof. Yong LIAN, eleliany@gmail.com
17-03-26
Conclusions
Q Wearable biomedical sensors are
necessary for future healthcare
Q Novel ultra low power system architecture
is a must for zero-powered devices
Q Innovations in energy harvesting is the key
to success
Q Flexible circuit and low cost are important
for user acceptance
Q Motion artifacts are challenge in wearable
devices
CICC2017, April 30, 2017, Austin, Texas, USA Prof. Yong LIAN, eleliany@gmail.com
17-03-26
Thank You!
Contact: Yong Lian
email:eleliany@gmail.com
CICC2017, April 30, 2017, Austin, Texas, USA Prof. Yong LIAN, eleliany@gmail.com