ONESIMA D.

BELEN, PETITIONER AND APPELLANT,

VS.
BANK OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS AND MILAGROS BELEN
DE OLAGUERA, OPPOSITORS AND APPELLEES

G.R. No. L-14474 31 October 1960

REYES, J.B.L., J.:

FACTS: When Benigno Diaz died, his will together with the codicil he
executed, giving a legacy to Filomena Diaz, were admitted to probate. The
proceedings were closed in 1950 and the estate was thereafter put under the
administration of the appellee bank. Subsequently, Filomena Diaz died,
leaving two legitimate children, Milagros , married with seven legitimate
children and Onesima, single. The latter filed a petition contending that the
amount that would have appertained to Filomena Diaz under the codicil
should now be divided equally only between herself and Milagros, to the
exclusion of the seven legitimate children of the latter. The court denied the
petition.

ISSUE: Whether or not the property shall be divided equally only between
the legitimate children to the exclusion of the grandchildren.

RULING: Under Article 846 of the Civil Code, heirs instituted without
designation of shares shall inherit in equal parts.

The meaning of the word descendants, when used in a will or deed to

designate a class to take property passing by the will or deed, has been
frequently considered and decided that it means all persons descending
lineally from another, to the remotest degree and includes persons so
descended, even though their parents are living and that such descendants
take per capita and not per stirpes.
We conclude that in the absence of other indications of contrary intent, the
proper rule to apply in the instant case is that the testator, by designating a
class or group of legatees, intended all members therof to succeed per capita,
in consonance with Artcile 846. So that the original legacy to Filomena Diaz
should be equally divided among her surviving children and grandchildren.