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Rule #11
Heat Stress
By Steven R. Hemler and Subhi K. Abderrezaq, Planning and Technical Services
Division, Loss Prevention Department
Heat cramps, heat exhaustion or heat stroke likely 30:10 1 cup every
III. Danger 3951
with prolonged exposure and physical activity. 15 minutes
II. Extreme 3038 Heat cramps, heat exhaustion or heat stroke possible 50:10 1 cup every
Caution with prolonged exposure and physical activity. 20 minutes
I. Caution 2529 Fatigue possible with prolonged exposure and/or 1 cup every
physical activity. Normal/scheduled 20 minutes
Relative Humidity
Heat Index
10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90%
50 ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** **
50 48 ** ** ** ** ** ** ** **
49 47 ** ** ** ** ** ** ** **
48 45 53** ** ** ** ** ** ** **
47 44 51 ** ** ** ** ** ** **
46 43 49 ** ** ** ** ** ** **
45 42 47 ** ** ** ** ** ** **
44 41 46 52** ** ** ** ** ** **
43 40 44 49 ** ** ** ** ** **
42 39 42 47 54** ** ** ** ** **
Air Temperature C
41 38 41 45 51 ** ** ** ** **
40 37 39 43 48 ** ** ** ** **
39 36 38 41 46 52** ** ** ** **
38 35 37 39 43 49 55** ** ** **
37 34 35 38 41 46 51 ** ** **
36 33 34 36 39 43 48 54** ** **
35 32 33 35 37 41 45 50 ** **
34 31 32 33 35 38 42 47 52** **
33 31 31 32 34 36 40 44 48 54**
32 30 30 31 32 34 37 40 44 49
31 29 29 30 31 33 35 38 41 45
30 28 28 29 30 31 33 35 38 41
29 27 27 28 29 30 31 33 35 37
28 27 27 27 28 28 29 31 32 34
27 26 26 26 27 27 28 29 30 31
26 25 25 26 26 27 27 27 28 28
In addition to the unpredictability of knowing when fires can happen, they are also
unpredictable when it comes to measuring the time they last. Fires can last for less
than a second or can burn for several days. In all cases, being able to make a safe
escape from a fire in the workplace is essential. Wearing flame-resistant clothing
(FRC) can help you make this escape as well as significantly reduce burn injuries.
What is FRC? worn over FRC then the jackets must This form of personal protection may
also be made from flame-resistant be an appropriate supplement to
F
lame-resistant clothing (FRC) is materials. engineering and administrative controls.
personal protective clothing worn
over or instead of ordinary clothing to Who should wear FRC? Proper fit, maintenance and
reduce the severity of burns from flash training
FRC is recommended in the following
fires, jet fires, electrical flashovers or
areas: Proper size and fit of FRC is important.
other types of fires, and to provide
FRC needs to be closed properly to
protection while the wearer escapes a Where there is the possibility of a
maintain an air gap between the body
fire. release of flammable material.
and garment. It should fit comfortably,
Where an open flame is being used.
FRC is made from a variety of materials; but not be too tight or snug. Never roll
however, Saudi Aramco currently uses FRC should also be worn when working up FRC sleeves or cut them off. FRC
FRC manufactured from NOMEX. on live electrical systems that operate at can only provide protection when it
NOMEX dissipates static generated more than 220 volts or when working in separates the wearer from the flash fire.
from fabric-to-fabric and fabric-to- bulk plants.
Never home launder contaminated
surface rubbing. All FRC must have a
FRC is the last line of defense garments. A fire can start in the dryer
permanently attached label, stating that
if you attempt to dry FRC that is soiled
it meets the National Fire Protection Arc-flash and fire hazards should be
with hydrocarbons. FRC garments must
Association (NFPA) 2112, Standard on eliminated, mitigated or controlled using
be laundered according to specific
Flame-Resistant Garments for Protection one or more of the following:
washing and drying instructions listed
of Industrial Personnel against Flash
1. Engineering controls Risks are in NFPA 2112. Always follow your
Fire requirements. NOMEX Comfort
avoided, eliminated or minimized departments established laundry and
garments are available through the
through good engineering design, repair procedures. Never patch, repair,
Saudi Aramco SAP B2B Materials System
such as remote switching and alter or cut FRC. It should be replaced
in a range of sizes and colors.
racking. every two years or when no longer
Why is FRC worn? 2. Administrative controls These
serviceable.
FRC provides a barrier between a heat controls include operating and All Saudi Aramco personnel who are
source and the skin, and increases the maintenance (O&M) procedures, required to wear FRC should complete
chance of survival in the event of a flash training, certification and work the online Flame-Resistant Clothing
fire. It does not ignite and continue assignments. FRC training course.
to burn nor does it melt to the skin. 3. Personal protective equipment FRC is the last line of defense against
Ordinary clothes can be worn under (PPE) controls FRC helps prevent burn injuries. It deserves proper care
FRC, but these should be made from injury from flash fire and arc-flash and attention to keep workers safe
natural fibers like cotton, not of synthetic hazards for personnel working near when working near fire and arc-flash
material. FRC should be the outermost flammable liquids and gases, or on or hazards.
layer of clothing. If jackets need to be near energized electrical equipment.
Why review Saudi Aramco 5. Periodic review of contents and standards based on extensive
design standards? requirements against company experience as well as research and
needs. development. When significant
The editorial staff welcomes readers comments and ideas. Please email your suggestions to
SafetyinFocus@aramco.com or mail them to Safety in Focus, Saudi Aramco Loss Prevention
Department, A-117, Building 3150, LIP, Dhahran 31311, Saudi Arabia or call 872-8868.
Safety in Focus (ISSN 1319-1802) is produced by the Support Services Unit of Saudi Aramcos Loss
Prevention Department and focuses on operational and on-job safety.
Copyright 2011, Saudi Aramco. All rights reserved. Designed & Printed by AFAN P. PRESS 8561510