NATIONAL JUNIOR COLLEGE

PROMOTIONAL EXAMINATIONS
Higher 2

CANDIDATE
NAME

SUBJECT REGISTRATION
CLASS NUMBER

CHEMISTRY 9647
Paper 1 Structured and Essay Questions Mon 5 Oct 2009
Additional Materials: Data Booklet, Writing Paper
2 hours

READ THE INSTRUCTION FIRST For Examiners Use

Write your subject class, registration number and
name on all the work you hand in. Section A
Write in dark blue or black pen on both sides of the
paper. 1
You may use a soft pencil for any diagrams, graphs
or rough working. 2
Do not use paper clips, highlighters, glue or
correction fluid. 3
Answers all questions.
4

Section A : 5
Write the answers on the Question paper itself.
6
Section B :
Section B
Write the answers on the writing paper provided.
Total (Paper 1)
The number of marks is given in brackets [ ] at the
end of each question or part question. Paper 2

Total Final

This question paper consists of 14 printed pages (including this page)

1
 Section A: Write your answers in the space provided.

1 D, E and F are consecutive elements in the third period of the periodic table. Element E
is in Group III. (Note: These letters do not represent their chemical symbols.)

a i) In the space below, draw 6 atoms of element E showing clearly the type of bonding
between these atoms in element E.

ii) Sketch the first 8 successive ionisation energies of element E using the axes below.

IE / kJmol1

No. of electrons
removed

[4]

2
1 b) D and E combine to form a new substance Z.

i) Comment on the electrical conductivity of Z with respect to E.

ii) Comment on the malleability of Z with respect to E.

(Malleability refers to the materials ability to deform under compressive stress.)

[3]

c) State and explain the difference in the first ionisation energy of element E and F.

[2]

[Total: 9 marks]

3
2a) At 75oC, bromine, Br2, reacts with aqueous alkali to form Br and BrO3 ions.

i) Write a balanced equation for the reaction and state the type of reaction undergone
by bromine.

ii) Draw the dot-and-cross diagram of BrO3 ion.

Hence, using VSERP theory, predict the shape of BrO3 ion.

[4]

4
2b) In an experiment, solid sodium bromide, NaBr, was slowly added to 50 cm3 of
0.010 mol dm3 lead(II) nitrate, Pb(NO3)2.

i) Given that the solubility product of lead(II) bromide is 6.60 106 mol3 dm9, what is
the concentration of Br ions when the first trace of precipitate appears?

[2]

ii) When excess NaOH solution was added to the mixture in b(i), the precipitate
dissolved. Explain the observation, writing equations where appropriate.

[2]

[Total: 8 marks]

5
3a) Steam, hydrogen and carbon monoxide are components of water gas, which is widely
used as a commercial fuel.

i) State two assumptions of the kinetic theory as applied to an ideal gas.

ii) Arrange these 3 gases, H2O(g), H2(g) and CO(g), in order of their deviation from ideality,
starting with the gas which is the most ideal. Give reasons for the order you suggest.

[4]

b) Water gas is usually prepared by passing steam over heated coke until the following
equilibrium is obtained.
H2O(g) + C(s) H2(g) + CO(g)
i) The graph below shows the temperature dependence of the equilibrium constant, Kp,
for the reaction. Kp

1/T
Explain whether the forward reaction is endothermic or exothermic.

[2]

6
3bii) At 550oC, the reaction reaches equilibrium under a pressure of 159 kPa with
0.0521 mol of hydrogen and 0.0594 mol of carbon monoxide present at equilibrium in
a vessel of volume 10 dm3.

Calculate the number of moles of steam present in the equilibrium mixture and hence,
the equilibrium constant, Kp, for this reaction, stating its unit.

[4]

iii) Comment on the value of Kp, if the equilibrium system in b(ii) is carried out in a vessel
of 20 dm3, assuming all other conditions remain the same? Explain your answer.

[2]

3c) In a separate experiment, an equimolar mixture of hydrogen and carbon monoxide was
passed over heated coke at 550oC until the equilibrium in (b) is established. Determine
the new equilibrium constant, Kp, if this system is gradually cooled to room temperature
of 25oC and pressure of 101 kPa.

[2]
[Total: 14 marks]

7
4 Chloric(I) acid, HClO, is an oxidising agent and the chlorate (I) ion, ClO, is used as an
effective disinfectant in swimming pools.

a) A solution containing chloric(I) acid, HClO, (pKa = 7.4 at 25oC) and potassium chlorate(I)
can act as a buffer system.

i) Explain what is meant by a buffer solution.

[1]

ii) With the aid of equations, explain how the pH of the system is maintained on the
addition of either acid or alkali.

[2]

iii) Determine the optimum pH in order to have the best buffering efficiency of the
mixture of chloric(I) acid and potassium chlorate(I).

[1]

8
4 b) A 25.0 cm3 solution of 1.00 mol dm3 chloric(I) acid is titrated with 1.00 mol dm3 NaOH
solution. 25.00 cm3 of NaOH solution were required for complete neutralisation.
Calculate the pH of the resulting solution.

[3]

[Total: 7 marks]

9
5 Haematite ore is the most important source of iron. It consists of almost pure iron(III)
oxide which is reduced in the blast furnace by either carbon or carbon monoxide to give
metallic iron.

Given
3 3
Fe2O3(s) + C(s) 2Fe(s) + CO2(g) H = 234 kJ mol1 .. 1
2 2
Fe2O3(s) + 3CO(g) 2Fe(s) + 3CO2(g) H = 24.8 kJ mol1 .. 2
a) Both reactions produce carbon dioxide which is a greenhouse gas. Briefly comment on
how carbon dioxide affects the environment.

[1]

b) Calculate
i) the volume of CO consumed at 8000C and 101kPa for every one tonne of iron
isolated by reaction 2, (1 tonne = 1000 kg)

ii) the enthalpy change of the following reaction:

C(s) + CO2(g) 2CO(g)
using a relevant energy cycle.

[5]

10
 5c) Species So / JK1 mol1 Species So / JK1 mol1
Fe2O3(s) 89.96 CO2(g) 213.6
Fe(s) 27.15 CO(g) 197.9
C(s) 5.69

Given the table above and the enthalpy changes of reactions 1 and 2 in (a), predict by
means of suitable calculations which reaction, 1 or 2, is the more likely one to take place
in the blast furnace at

i) low temperatures
ii) high temperatures.

[4]

d) Using the H value obtained in a(ii) and given the carbon-oxygen bond energies in
carbon dioxide and carbon monoxide are 806 kJ mol1 and 1075 kJ mol1
respectively, draw an energy cycle and use it to calculate a value for the enthalpy
change of atomization of carbon.
C(s) C(g)

[2]

[Total: 12 marks]

11
6 A Group I metal carbonate, M2CO3, (relative formula mass, Mr, about 120) reacts with
hydrochloric acid as shown in the equation below.

M2CO3 + 2 HCl 2MCl + H2O + CO2

You are given:

o a solid sample of M2CO3,
o 250 cm3 of 0.100 mol dm3 hydrochloric acid and
o the usual laboratory apparatus for volumetric analysis.

Describe how you would carry out a titration that will enable you to determine accurately
the relative molecular mass of M2CO3.

a) What is the mass of M2CO3 that should be used to prepare a 250 cm3 standard solution
for the titration with the hydrochloric acid solution? Justify your answer with relevant
calculations.

b) Describe briefly the procedure for the titration, including the apparatus and the
indicator(s) you would use.

12
6c) Show how you would use the titration results to determine accurately the relative
molecular mass of M2CO3.

[5]

[Total: 5 marks]

13
 Section B: Write your answers on the writing paper provided.

1 Hydrogenation is the process by which liquid vegetable oils are converted to solid or
semi-solid fats such as those found in margarine.

The hydrogenation of but-2-ene is shown in the equation below:

CH3CH=CHCH3(g) + H2(g) CH3CH2CH2CH3(l)

a) But-2-ene is a structural isomer of C4H8. Draw three other structural isomers of C4H8 and
give their IUPAC names.
[3]

b i) Would you expect the hydrogenation of but-2-ene to be exothermic or endothermic?

Explain.

ii) Describe and explain the changes in the bond angle at the site of the hydrogenation
reaction.
[4]

c) Three experimental runs of this reaction were carried out using different concentrations
of CH3CH=CHCH3 and H2 at a temperature of 500 C. The data obtained are recorded in
the table below.

[CH3CH=CHCH3] [H2] Initial rate

Expt
/ mol dm3 / mol dm3 / mol dm3 s1
1 0.040 0.040 9.6 x 106
2 0.080 0.040 2.1 x 105
3 0.080 0.020 9.4 x 106

i) Using the data provided, determine the rate equation for this reaction and hence
calculate the rate constant, stating its unit.
[3]

ii) Nickel metal is a heterogeneous catalyst used for this reaction. Comment, without
the details of the mechanism, on the role of nickel as a catalyst and explain how its
presence enables the reaction to proceed faster.
[3]

d) How would you expect the rate of the hydrogenation to be affected if the reaction is
carried out at 550C? Explain your answer with the aid of a fully labelled diagram.
[3]

e) The hydration of but-2-ene under certain conditions gives butan-2-ol.

CH3CH=CHCH3 (g) + H2O (l) CH3CH(OH)CH2CH3 (l)
In this reaction, gaseous but-2-ene is converted to liquid butan-2-ol.

Explain what structural features in butan-2-ol give rise it having a different physical state
from but-2-ene. Illustrate your answer with a fully labelled diagram.
[4]

[Total: 20 marks]
~ END of Paper~
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