Synopsis

Title Electronic stick for Blind

Features
1. Obstacles detecting using IR proximity detectors.
2. Wireless design using RF link.
3. Audio playback on detection of obstacles.
4. Low power consumption.
5. Compact due to use of microcontroller.
6. Simple and low cost.

Block Diagram

Receiver

RF
RFRx
Rx
ATMEL
ATMEL
89C2051
89C2051
Audio
Audioplayback
playback
DECODER Unit
DECODER Unit

6V
6VBattery
Battery
Transmitter

RF
RFTx
Tx

IR
IR
PROXIMITY
ENCODER PROXIMITY
ENCODER DETECTOR
DETECTOR

6V
6VBattery
Battery

Description

Micro controller-AT89C51

The AT89C51 is a low-power, high-performance CMOS 8-bit microcontroller with 8K bytes of in-
system programmable Flash memory. The device is manufactured using Atmels high-density
nonvolatile memory technology and is compatible with the industry- standard 80C51 instruction set and
pinout.

Features:
4K Bytes of Programmable Flash Memory
Endurance: 1000 Write/Erase Cycles
4.0V to 5.5V Operating Range
256 x 8-bit Internal RAM
32 Programmable I/O Lines
Full Duplex UART Serial Channel
Fully Static Operation: 0 Hz to 33 MHz

Vital role of micro controller in Electronic stick for blind

The micro controller is programmed to read the detection signal from decoder and activates the audio
playback unit.
In order to do all the activities a program (sequence of instruction) must be written for the
microcontroller. This program is called firmware. In order to execute the program,
Microcontroller requires basic configuration like 5V regulated power supply, clock, and reset
circuit.

Audio playback unit, play the pre-stored audio when the obstacles is detected. This unit is
driven by microcontroller.

IR proximity detector unit detects the objects from the range of 3 meters.

Microcontroller and ICs requires 5V regulated power supply, which is obtained from 230V
AC by using step down transformer , rectifier, filter and regulators.

Encoder
Encoder takes the data from microcontroller, then encodes it with the locally configured
address and then it sends to RF transmitter in serial format.
Decoder
Decoder receives the data from RF receiver in serial format, and then decodes the frame into
address and data. The received address is compared with locally configured address, if the
match is fund; a logical high signal is generated at VT pin.

Regulated Power supply:

The microcontroller and other devices get power supply from AC to Dc adapter through 7805, 5
volts regulator. The adapter output voltage will be 12V DC non regulated. The 7805/7812 voltage
regulators are used to convert 12 V to 5V/12V DC.

Vital role of power supply in Electronic stick for blind

The adapter output voltage will be 12V DC non regulated. The 7805/7812 voltage regulators are used
to convert 12 V to 5V/12V DC.

PROJECT CYCLE
1. Specification of the Project.
2. PCB Layout.
3. Device Test.
4. Code Implementation.
5. Program Test.
6. Pilot Run.
7. Documentation.
SOFTWARES USED:
Embedded C.
Keil uVision
ATMEL Programmer

Tools for schematic design

1. CAPTURE CIS (ORCAD)

Hardware

1. ATMEL AT89C51 controller,

2. AUDIO PLAYBACK,

3. RF Tx and RF Rx,

4. IR PROXIMITY DETECTOR,

5. ENCODE & DECODER HT12E & HT12D,

6. POWER SUPPLY AND PCB.

Working Principle

IR proximity detector in the transmitter detects the obstacles, and then sends the detection
signal to receiver through RF link. This signal is received by microcontroller, which activates
the audio playback unit. The audio playback unit plays the stores audio signal through
headphone.