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Mobile Computing is an umbrella term used to describe technologies that enable people to
access network services anyplace, anytime, and anywhere. Ubiquitous computing and nomadic
computing are synonymous with mobile computing. Information access via a mobile device is
plagued by low available bandwidth, poor connection maintenence, poor security, and
addressing problems. Unlike their wired counterparts, design of software for mobile devices
must consider resource limitation, battery power and display size. Consequently, new hardware
and software techniques must be developed. For example, applications need to be highly
optimized for space, in order to fit in the limited memory on the mobile devices. For Internet
enabled devices, the good old TCP/IP stack cannot be used; it takes too much space and is not
optimized for minimal power consumption. Given the plethora of cellular technologies that
have emerged in such a market, it becomes extremely difficult to provide support for inter-
device communication

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Mobile computing used to be exclusively a matter of dragging a laptop computer around,* plus
various adapters and other widgets. ͞Road warriors͟ have more choices now. Of course, USB
thumb drives, also called USB flash drives, are probably the benchmark technology for mobile
computing these days; before you think about other methods, check if you can do it cheaper
and easier with a thumb drive.

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Mobility services can be classified into three groups. First there are services designed to
overcome common restrictions of mobile computing, which arise mainly from the slowness,
insecurity and instability of wireless or analogous connection lines utilized by the mobile user.
These services are called common mobility services (CMS). Examples are connection
management, caching or encryption services. The second group of services handles the
management and administration of mobile users moving around and connecting their portables
to networks at different places. These mobility management services (MMS) include tasks such
as the authentication of users, accounting and billing issues or profiling of the users͛ habits. The
tasks necessary to adapt certain existing applications to mobile usage are implemented by high
level services, which are called special mobility services (SMS). Special mobility services adapt
existing services to the mobile conditions. For example to allow remote database access over a
wireless connection line one has to take special care of possible frequent connection losses
especially in the context of the state of the database. Viewing services as distinct building
blocks, we are able to sketch an architecture for a ͞mobility services enhanced system͟.
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Bluetooth is an industrial specification for wireless personal area networks (PANs). Bluetooth
provides a way to connect and exchange information between devices such as mobile phones,
laptops, PCs, printers, digital cameras, and video game consoles over a secure, globally
unlicensed short-range radio frequency. The Bluetooth specifications are developed and
licensed by the Bluetooth Special Interest Group.

Bluetooth technology relies on two things, a radio frequency technology and the protocol
software enabling it to transmit data to other devices. Bluetooth-capable devices can transmit
data to other devices not within the line of sight of the user. It also enables different devices to
communicate using certain rules such as the amount of data that will be sent, the type of
communication between the devices and the radio frequency or frequencies this
communication will take place. These protocols ensure that Bluetooth devices experience the
least amount of interference from other Bluetooth capable objects while communicating with
each other.

smartphones are the ideal productivity solution for both voice and data for your mobile
workforce. They͛ll be able to stay in touch with the people and information that matter most.
Access email, instant message, access the Internet, run business applications and
more.Communicate your way: Call, email, instant message, or text message, all with one
device.

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(Voice Over IP) A telephone service that uses the Internet as a global telephone network. Many
companies, including Vonage, 8×8 and AT&T (CallVantage), typically offer calling within the
country for a fixed fee and a low per-minute charge for international. Broadband Internet
access (cable or DSL) is required, and regular house phones plug into an analog telephone
adapter (ATA) provided by the company or purchased from a third party.

,"-* .

A blog is a lot like a journal except it is generally intended to be read by others. The topics for
blogs vary greatly; some being about day to day activities and others taking a more corporate or
political slant. There is no defined or widely accepted format and so blogs range from one liners
that the author adds every few hours to relatively long, well thought out arguments for or
against a topic of interest.

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A Personal Area Network (PAN) is a computer network used for communication among
computer devices (including telephones and personal digital assistants) close to one person.
The devices may or may not belong to the person in question. The reach of a PAN is typically a
few meters. PANs can be used for communication among the personal devices themselves
(intrapersonal communication), or for connecting to a higher level network and the Internet (an
uplink). Personal area networks may be wired with computer buses such as USB and FireWire. A
wireless personal area network (WPAN) can also be made possible with network technologies
such as IrDA and Bluetooth.

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Short for (Virtual Private Network), VPN is a type of network that allows a user to connect to a
network through a tunneling protocol and access internal internet and intranet web sites and e-
mail. Virtual Private Networks are commonly used to allow an employee with a large company
to connect to the company͛s intranet

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A wireless LAN (or WLAN, for Wireless Local Area Network, sometimes referred to as LAWN, for
local area wireless network) is one in which a mobile user can connect to a local area network
(LAN) through a wireless (radio) connection. The IEEE 802.11 group of standards specify the
technologies for wireless LANs. 802.11 standards use the Ethernet protocol and CSMA/CA
(carrier sense multiple access with collision avoidance) for path sharing and include an
encryption method, the Wired Equivalent Privacy algorithm. A personal area network


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WiMax is the industry term for a long-range wireless networking standard. WiMax technology
has the potential to deliver high-speed Internet access to rural areas and other locations not
serviced by cable or DSL technology. WiMax also offers an alternative to satellite Internet
services.WiMax technology is based on the IEEE 802.16 WAN communications standard. WiMax
signals can function over a distance of several miles / kilometers. Data rates for WiMax can
reach up to 75 megabits per second (Mb/s). A number of wireless signaling options exist
ranging anywhere from the 2 GHz range up to 66 GHz.

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Mobile computing (like the peer to peer transaction model did) brings about a new paradigm of
distributed computing in which communication may be achieved through wireless networks
and users can compute even as they relocate from one support environment to another. The
impact of mobile computing on systems design goes beyond the networking level and directly
effects data management. Although being a relatively new area, mobile data management has
attracted a lot of research efforts, motivated by both a great market potential and by many
challenging research problems
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Book

Shelly Cashman,SVermat (2004),Thomson Course Technology, Discovery Computer.



http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/image:Bluetooth.headset.jpg

www.wimax.com/deployment/network