Session 3 - in Class Packet - Carlos Ortiz

SAT PREPARATION READING/WRITING/MATH TOPICS = ALL
Mr. Carlos Ortiz | CARLOS ORTIZ / GABBY NOVO / CARO GARCIAGN & CG page 1 of 36
Copyright 2017 Carlos Ortiz / 305.785.5005 / carlos@mrcarlosortiz.com
# of Questions: 19R&W & 19M in Main Lesson
Topics: WRITING, READING, & MATH
Time: About 120-150 minutes
TBCB: NEXT LESSON
WRITING Parts of Speech
3
MATH Linear Equations
QUIZ 24Q / 20min
READING Command of Evidence
READING What is Meant by Command of Evidence?
MATH Random 1 & Random 2
Notes/Instructions:
Check these off as we READING Determining the Best Evidence
complete them. QUIZ 6Q / 5 min
Okay Carlos, lets see how this exercise evolves for you. We are
going to be doing something a bit different that WILL HELP YOU
with the reading section if you embrace the exerciseif not, then it
will not help. OPEN YOUR MIND!

WRITING -
Parts of Speech
Okay, continuing our preparation, let us recall that there are eight parts of speech in the English
language, seven of which are relevant to the SAT. By now, you should be MORE THAN
COMFORTABLE identifying them. You will find that some of these definitions are repeated
throughout our preparation and that is ON PURPOSE reviewing never hurt anyone and it will just
make them become second nature to you.
Here is a VERY QUICK REVIEW:
The FIRST of the seven parts of speech tested on the SAT is as follows:
1. Verb: Verbs, of course, indicate actions or states of being.
Examples: To be
To have
To seem
To go
To speak
To believe
The "to" form of a verb is known as the infinitive and all verbs listed above are infinitives. If you
are uncertain whether a word can be used as a verb, try placing to in front of it to form an
infinitive.
Verbs are not always used as infinitives, however. To indicate who is performing an action,
we must conjugate the verb (to make it AGREE with its subject) and, of course, provide its
subject.
To be and to have are the most common verbs. Because they are irregular, their
conjugated forms are different from their infinitives; we must therefore be very comfortable
distinguishing between their singular and plural forms.
To be is also unique in that it is conjugated in both the present and past.
Conjugation of the verb to be:

PRESENT PAST
Singular Plural Singular Plural
I am happy. We are happy. I was happy. We were happy.
You are happy. You are happy. You were happy. You were happy.
He, She, It, One is They are happy. We were happy. They were happy.
happy.
Conjugation of the verb to have:

PRESENT PAST
Singular Plural Singular Plural
I have a cold. We have a cold. I had a cold. We had a cold.
You have a cold. You have a cold. You had a cold. You had a cold.
He, She, It, One has They have a cold. We had a cold. They had a cold.
a cold.
The number of a verb Indicates whether is singular or plural. Singular verbs end in -s. Plural
verbs do not end in -s.
I, you, he, she, it, one speaks = SINGULAR
We, you, they speak = PLURAL
(NOTE: this is opposite to the rule for common nouns: e.g. book = SINGULAR, books =
PLURAL)
HOW ABOUT VERB TENSE?

The tense of a verb tells us WHEN an action occurred.
She speaks = Present (it occurs NOW)

She would speak = Conditional (it WOULD OCCUR if a condition is met)
She has spoken = Present Perfect (it just occurredjust done)
She would have spoken = Past Conditional (it WOULD HAVE OCCURRED if a condition
had been met)
She spoke = Simple Past (good ol past tense)
She will speak = Future (action WILL occur)
She had spoken = Past Perfect (action HAD ALREADY OCCURRED by the time something
else occurs)
She will have spoken = Future Perfect (indicating that one action WILL ALREADY HAVE
OCCURRED by the time something else occurs)
LOOK OUT!! WE ARE CHANGING DIRECTIONS!
MATH Linear Equations

Ladies, you are both well educated in the ways of Algebra and so linear equations should be A
WALK IN THE PARK for you! Before we get going, let us recall that the phrase A WALK IN THE
PARK is an example an idiomatic expression.

As of the redesign of this SAT, one thing is now very certain: linear equations and their
accompanying linear graphs are definitely some of the more popular topics that appear on
the test. WHY? The answer is quite simple:
THEY CAN BE USED TO MODEL RELATIONSHIPS AND RATES OF CHANGE: e.g. time,
temperature, speed, population growth or decay, totals, etc.
The graphs we must immediately absorb will be as important as the equations from which
they stem. Additionally, we will always see either a LINE or a LINE OF BEST FIT overlaid
on scattered points.
Finally, it is worth going over ONE MORE TIME let us NEVER FORGET THE FOLLOWING:
THE SLOPE OF OUR LINE WILL REPRESENT SOME KIND OF

RATE OF CHANGE: meters per second, texts per hour,
people per room, cats per dog, kids per pizza, etc.
NOTE: The icon will be present for calculator problems. If it is not present, you must work it
out WITHOUT your calculator.
Directions: For questions 1 3, use the following figure indicating the level of Magnetization in a
sample of iron ore versus the percentage of Cobalt Ferrite in the sample:
1
According to the labeled axes, approximately how
many grams of cobalt ferrite would we expect to find
in a 120-g sample with a magnetization measured to
be between 35 and 40 emu per gram?
A) 94
B) 78
C) 65
D) 38
2
Which of the following is accurate regarding the relationship between the cobalt ferrite
composition of an iron ore sample and its magnetization?
A) With each additional 10% of cobalt ferrite, the magnetization of the sample increases by 10
emu per gram

B) With each additional 10 emu per gram, the magnetization of the sample increases by 10%
C) Pure cobalt ferrite has a magnetization between 50 and 60 emu per gram
D) A sample with 20% cobalt ferrite has a magnetization of about 30 emu per gram
3
A sample of iron ore comprised of 90% cobalt ferrite is likely to have what level of
magnetization measured in emu per gram?
A) 90
B) 70
C) 60
D) 50
Ladies, before you jump the gun and solve this next one, stare at it for a few momentsthink
about the best way to solve this. Remember what weve learned about proportions.
4
16 + p - 2 ( 5 + p ) 10 p - 4(3 - p)
=
12 120
What is the value of p in the equation above?
A) 6
B) 3
C) 2
D) 1
CONCLUSION: Dont always perform a FULL CROSS-MULTIPLICATIONsometimes a HALF

CROSS-MULTIPLICATION will do the trick quite nicelyAND SAVE YOU VALUABLE TIME!
Heres another one:
5
For what value of m will the following equation be satisfied?
10 ( 4 - m ) = 2 ( 4 - m ) - 8 ( m + 1)
A) m = 3
B) m = 6
C) no m value will satisfy the equation
D) any m value will satisfy the equation

CONCLUSION: If the term containing the variable appears on either side of the = symbol
WITH THE SAME COEFFICIENT, it will disappear. You must then look at the resulting terms and
determine if the equation will either have no solution or infinite solutions.
Heres another one now you get to use your calculator:
6
Consider the equation 3 ( y - 8 ) + 3 ( 6 x + 2 ) = 24 + 3 y . Which approximate value of x satisfies
this equation?
A) 0.80
B) 1.33
C) 2.33
D) The value cannot be determined from the given information.
CONCLUSION: Decimal answers are a GREAT CLUE that you should likely let your calculator do
all the heavy lifting. Jump the gun and heavy lifting are idiomatic expressions. ;-)
QUIZ: 20 minutes

Q1 Q
Ronnie, I _______________ you in a long 5
time. How have you been? The time on the clock ___________ correct.
A) was seen
A) is
B) havent seen
B) should be
C) wont see
C) could be
D) hadnt seen
D) All of the above are correct
Q2
Q
6n 4
Consider the equation = . Which 6
11 n
For what integer value(s) of x will the
approximate value of n satisfies this equation?
following equation be satisfied?
A) 7.3
4
B) 53.3 4x ( 3 + 2x) = 6
2x + x2 +
3
C) 0.37
D) 2.7 A) 2
B) -2
Q3 C) 2 and -2
Albert does not like ______________ on
D) No x value will satisfy the equation.
weekends.
A) working Q
7
B) to work
I _____________ all the requirements for the
C) work job already.
D) A & B
A) am meeting
Q4 B) meet
Variable m is found to be linearly related to variable n with the following table of values:
m 10 14 18 C) will meet
n 0.4 x 2.6 D) have met
What is the value of x?
Q
8
Marsha ____________ her homework in
A) 0.8 weeks. It is not surprising as she ___________
B) 1.5 her homework for any class.
C) 1.8 A) hasnt done; doesnt do

D) 2.2 B) doesnt do; hasnt done
C) will do; cannot do
D) is doing; will be doing

Q9 Q1
She ____________ to school on the bus 3
temporarily. I _________________ time to work on that
project tomorrow.
A) go
B) will go A) will have
C) has gone B) am going to have
D) B & C C) dont have
D) All of the above are correct
Q10
In the equation d = 15t + 4 , in increase in t Q1
4
by 2 units will result in
Consider the equation 3 y = 0.75 x + 4 . When
A) an increase in d by 30 units the value of y decreases by 3 units, the value
of x
B) an increase in d by 15 units
C) an increase in d by 4 units A) increases by 4 units
D) an increase in d by 34 units B) decreases by 12 units
C) increases by 12 units
Q11 D) decreases by about 1.33 units
The sun _______ in the east, and _______ in
the west.
Q1
5
A) sets, rises
Dont bother me now, _____________ the
B) rises, sets
movie.
C) will rise, will set
D) B & C A) be watching
B) am watching
C) have to watch
Q12
D) B & C
A function f of t is defined as f (t ) = 4t - 1 ,
where t is the number of hours elapsed and f is
the number of bottles labeled by a machine.
Q1
What are the units of the constant 4 in the
6
function?
I have _____________ to travel throughout
A) hours per bottle Brazil.
B) bottles A) always wanted

C) bottles per hour B) wanted always
D) hours C) always been wanted
D) None of the above are correct

Q17 Q2
She ______________ six days a week. 1
When it ____________ hot tomorrow, the
fans will turn on automatically.
A) usually works
B) works usually A) is going to get
C) is usually works B) will get
D) is working usually C) gets
D) is gets
Q18
At a local supermarket, the more avocados
you buy, the cheaper they each get. When 5 Q2
avocados are purchased, they each cost $0.80. 2
When 6 avocados are purchased, they drop in The rate of change of p with respect to x is 4
price to $0.70. Assuming this relationship to 5.5. When x is 0, p is 10. What will the new
holds until the price reaches $0.40 per value of p be when x increases from 0 to 5.5?
avocado, how much would 8 avocados cost?
A) 4
A) $4.00
B) 5.5
B) $4.20
C) 14
C) $4.50
D) 20
D) $4.80
Q19 Q2
Charlie ____________ telling silly jokes. 3
Did you ___________ early today?
A) always is
B) is always A) want to leave
C) has always B) left
D) had always C) are going to leave
D) will leave
Q20
A function f of t is defined as f (t ) = 4t - 1 ,
where t is the number of hours elapsed and f Q2
is the number of bottles labeled by a machine. 4
What are the units of the constant 1 in the 7 - k - 2( 2 + k ) k + 2
function? =
12 8
A) hours per bottle What is the value of k in the equation above?

B) bottles
C) bottles per hour
A) 4
D) hours
B) 3
C) 1
D) 0
WHOA!! AGAIN, CHANGING DIRECTIONS!

READING Command of Evidence
Despite important differences in purpose, topic, format, content, and style, well-done pieces of
writing still have a lot in common. Authors of all kinds writing for all sorts of reasons must make
use of support details, examples, reasons, facts, figures, and so on to help make their ideas
compelling, their points clear, and their claims convincing.
Think for a moment about the job of a movie director. Its OK if you dont know the spe cifics; a
general idea will do:

Movie directing is in some ways a good parallel to the work that writers do. Directors tell
camera operators where to stand, whether to shoot at a distance or up close, and how long
to hold a particular shot. Directors also work with actors on how to deliver their lines and
what physical actions to use. Music, lighting, costumes, setting, scripts directors often
have input into all of these. EVERY part of the production must work together and have a
clear purpose IF the project is to be successful. The same is true for good writing: Every
word, every sentence, and every paragraph has a role to play in the overall text.
Understanding and being able to explain those roles are parts of skilled reading, and
theyre among the many important skills that the SAT gives you an opportunity to
demonstrate.
The SAT asks you to pay attention to how authors use support in texts that cover a range of
subjects and styles. One important way that the SAT does this is by including questions that ask
you to identify the part of the text that provides the best evidence (textual support) for the
answer to another question (ladies, this is a NEW TYPE OF QUESTION that began appearing in
March of 2016).
Youll also be asked to make sense of information presented in graphics or figures, such as tables,
graphs, and charts, and to draw connections between that information and the information
presented in words (the accompanying text). You might be asked other sorts of related questions
as well, such as how the focus of a piece of writing could be improved (perhaps by deleting
irrelevant information or even adding additional information) or what role a piece of evidence
plays in an authors argument.
Your command of evidence will be tested throughout much

of the SAT, including the Reading Test, the Writing and
Language Test, and the optional Essay. Command of
Evidence questions accompany each Reading and Writing
and Language passage and contribute to a Command of
Evidence subscore. While your response to the Essay
prompt doesnt contribute to this subscore, it will still call on
your skill in understanding how an author uses support to
make an argument effective.
True or False
T To make an argument about health care compelling, a writer should include details,
examples, and facts to support that argument.
F A typical command of evidence question will test you on a words definition.
T Jumping the gun is an example of an idiomatic expression.
READING - What is meant by Command of

Evidence?
The Command of Evidence category includes questions that focus on many of the ways in which
authors use support. These include:
Determining the best evidence in a passage (or pair of passages) for the answer to a previous
question or the best evidence for a specified conclusion (youll see these on the Reading Test)
Interpreting data presented in informational graphics (including tables, graphs, and charts)
and drawing connections between words and data (these will appear on the Reading Test and
the Writing and Language Test)

Understanding how the author of an argument uses (or fails to use) evidence to support the
claims he or she makes (this would be primarily on the Reading Test)
Revising a passage to clarify main ideas, strengthen support, or sharpen focus ( this would be
primarily on the Writing and Language Test)
Having a strong Command of Evidence is also central to the Essay as well. Remember that the
Essay is optional, but definitely recommended the best schools want to see a sample of your
writingit goes a long way in helping them determine if you are up to par. Additionally, your
Analysis score on the Essay is based in large part on how well you can explain how the author of a
passage uses evidence, reasoning, stylistic or persuasive techniques, and/or other means to
persuade an audience.
THE BREAKDOWN:
Ten (10) Reading Test questions two per passage or pair of passages contribute
to the Command of Evidence subscore (remember, there are 5 passages on the Reading
Test).
Eight (8) Writing and Language Test questions again, two per passage also
contribute to the subscore (remember, there are 4 passages on the Writing & Language
Test) . Although not part of the Command of Evidence subscore, the Essays Analysis
score is based heavily on skills related to Command of Evidence questions.
OH MY!! MAKE A LEFTMAKE LEFT!

R1
ax3 + bx 2 + cx + d = 0
In the equation above, a, b, c, and d are constants. If the equation has roots -2, 4, and -1, which of the
following is a factor of the expression ax3 + bx 2 + cx + d ?
A) x 2
B) x + 4
C) x + 1
D) x + 2
CONCLUSION:
R2
2 2 2
The expression k - 2 can be rewritten as ( k - a ) ( k + a ) , where a is a positive constant. What is the
5 5
value of a?
A) 5
B) 5
C) 2
D) 2
CONCLUSION:
WHEW!! THAT WAS CLOSE!!

NOW MAKE RIGHT!
Lets consider the types of questions in a little more detail.

Determining the Best Evidence (Reading Test)
Sometimes the Reading Test will ask you a question and then present you with another question
that asks for the best evidence to support the answer you selected in response to the first
question. This is actually simpler than it might seem at first youve already seen these in play.
You should begin by reading and answering the first question to the best of your ability. This
question will often ask you to draw a reasonable conclusion or inference from the passage. As
youre reaching that conclusion or inference, youre using textual evidence. Textual evidence can
be as simple as a small piece of information, such as a fact or a date, but it can also be more
complex, such as the words an author uses that signal his or her point of view on an issue.
Textual evidence helps you defend the answer you might give to a teacher asking how you
reached a particular interpretation of a text. Consider the following examples:
I think the author supports clearer labeling on food because . . .
The narrator seems to feel sympathy for the main character because . . .
THROWBACK: What are the subtle differences in meaning among the words sympathy and
empathy? What does apathy mean?
Back to our examples: What would follow because in each of these examples is likely to be
textual evidence the how I know it part of the statement.
All that the second question in a pair of SAT Reading Test questions is asking you to do, then, is
to make explicit what youre already doing when you answer the first question in a pair. That
second question will present you with four snippets from the passage (along with the line
numbers of their locations), generally a sentence each, and ask you which one you think
provides the best evidence for your answer to the previous question. All you need to do is figure
out which one does the best job of answering the question of how I know it in other words,
which one provides the best textual evidence.
It could be that looking at the choices in the second question makes you reconsider your answer
to the first one. That can be OK. Maybe rereading particular parts of the passage made something
clearer than it had been before or drew your attention to a crucial detail you hadnt considered.
While you dont want to second-guess yourself endlessly, sometimes it can be a good idea to
rethink an answer based on new information.
You may also see questions that present you with a conclusion already drawn and ask you to
determine which of the four answer options provides the best evidence from the passage for that
conclusion. You can treat these questions just like the textual evidence questions described
earlier, except this time you dont have to draw the conclusion yourself in a separate question
theyve given it to youyou just need to provide the best evidence for it.
QUIZ - FIND THE EVIDENCE & OTHER QUESTIONS 5 min

3 It doesnt have to be like this. Done right, public Q
5 transport can be faster, more comfortable, and cheaper 3
than the private automobile. In Shanghai, German-
The central idea of this paragraph (lines 35-57)
made magnetic levitation trains skim over elevated
tracks at 266 miles an hour, whisking people to the is that
airport at a third of the speed of sound. In provincial A) European countries excel at public
4 French towns, electric-powered streetcars run silently
transportation.
0 on rubber tires, sliding through the narrow streets
along a single guide rail set into cobblestones. From B) Much international public transportation is
Spain to Sweden, Wi-Fi equipped high-speed trains engineered for passengers to work while on
seamlessly connect with highly ramified metro board.
networks, allowing commuters to work on laptops as
4 they prepare for same-day meetings in once distant C) Americans should mimic foreign public
5 capital cities. In Latin America, China, and India, transportation systems when possible.
working people board fast-loading buses that move D) Some public transportation systems are
like subway trains along dedicated busways, leaving superior to travel by private automobile
the sedans and SUVs of the rich mired in dawn-to-
dusk traffic jams. And some cities have transformed
5 their streets into cycle-path freeways, making giant Q
0 strides in public health and safety and the sheer 4
livability of their neighborhoodsin the process Which choice provides the best evidence for the
turning the workaday bicycle into a viable form of answer to the previous question?
mass transit.
A) Line 35 (Itthis)
5
5 B) Lines 35-37 (Doneautomobile)
C) Lines 37-40 (Insound)
Q1
D) Lines 44-48 (Fromcities)
According to the paragraph, which of the
following is true regarding train networks across
Q
Europe?
5
A) They contain the latest in technology. In line 51, the word mired most nearly means
B) They contain many branches.
C) They all are guided by single rails. A) stuck
D) Their biggest competition are fast-loading B) broken down
buses
C) freed
Q2 D) unfettered
The speed of sound is nearest to
Q
A) 89 miles per hour 6
B) 266 miles per hour The author uses what kind of French town to
C) 800 miles per hour support his argument about public
transportation?
D) 1,200 miles per hour
True or False A) small and local

F In some cities, some subway trains move B) large and metropolitan
along dedicated busways.
C) medium-sized and developed
T In some cities, the everyday bicycle is a
significant means of transportation. D) esoteric and regional

Reading Test/Writing Test Hybrid
Questions 1-8 are based on the following passage. 3
A) NO CHANGE
The Bront Sisters
B) Yet
The Bront sisters - Charlotte, Emily, and Anne - were born in Yorkshire, England, in the early nineteenth century. As
children, all three sisters spent much of 1 their free time writing stories and poems for fun. They had no idea that they C) Although
would one day write some of the greatest novels 2 about all time. D) When
Line The Bront family was very poor. The girls father was an Episcopal priest, and their mother died when they were
5 young. The sisters were determined to make money to help the family. By 1847, each sister had written a novel. They 4
decided that they would attempt
to have their books published. After much searching, Emily found a publisher for her novel, Wuthering Heights. Anne, too, A) NO CHANGE
was able to sell her book, Agnes Grey. Charlottes novel, Jane Eyre, was published within months of her sisters novels. B) notwithstanding
3 Because Wuthering Heights is considered a classic today, it received poor reviews from critics. The public, 4
10 moreover, responded favorably. Annes book was 5 lesser successful, and Charlottes novel was loved by the public and C) therefore
critics alike.
[1] Unfortunately, Anne and Emily died of tuberculosis soon after their books were published. [2]Anne was only 29; D) however
Emily was 30. [3] Then in 1855 Charlotte died of tuberculosis at the age of 39.
[4] Charlotte went on to publish two more novels. [5] Despite the untimely deaths of the Bront sisters, their work lives 5
15 on. [6] Their novels provide the world with an example of what can be achieved in the face of hardship. 6 r A) NO CHANGE
B) less
C) much lesser
20 D) least
6
To make this final paragraph most logical, sentence 3 should
25
A) remain where it is now
B) placed after sentence 4
C) placed after sentence 5
D) placed after sentence 6
7
1 As children, the Bront wrote stories
A) because it was fun

B) because they wanted to be famous
C) to earn money for their family

D) because their father considered writing part of their religious training
8
1 In line 27, the word untimely most nearly means
A) mysterious
B) quick and painless

C) sooner than expected
D) completely unexpected
1
A) NO CHANGE
B) her
C) there
D) theyre
2
A) NO CHANGE
B) in
C) of
D) beyond
True or F alse
F The death of the Bront sisters was expected.

9 Choose the best word to complete the statement. 12 Choose the best word to complete the statement.
1 1
As far as classroom behavior goes, little Johnny has become more attentive and ---------- to the Gabby usually provides at least a short thesis in her opening paragraph, but this time she
classroom rules. ---------- omitted it.
A) disdainful A) partially
B) contemptuous B) utterly
C) preposterous C) gladly
D) amenable D) clandestinely
10 Choose the best word to complete the statement. 13 Choose the best word to complete the statement.
1 1
When Jonathan becomes heavily inebriated, his comments become ---------- and embarrassing The American Heart Association recently disseminated some new literature replete with
to those around him. information about the ---------- effects of fatty foods.
A) jovial A) beneficial
B) unseemly B) magnanimous
C) conflictive C) deleterious
D) ambiguous D) disdainful
11 Choose the best word to complete the statement.

1 True or F alse
Constances ostensible apathy about her grades was of great concern to her parents. They were T A jovial host is someone who is exudes a positive, joyous attitude.
visibly ---------- by her latest report card.
F From #12 above, to omit is to include.
A) content T A clandestine operation is carried out secretly or surreptitiously.
B) impressed F If you disseminate information, you collect it.
C) perturbed T Carlos ate until he felt full; alternatively, he ate until he felt replete with food.
F From choice D of #10 on this page, ambiguous means unclear or indistinct.

D) compelled
T Caro acted with condescension toward Carlos; we can say she was quite disdainful toward him.
True or F alse F From choice B of #13 on this page, magnanimous means to be of higher character, able to forgive an insult or
T In #9 above, choices A and B are synonyms. slight.
T In #10 above, Jonathans comments are apparently affected when he gets drunk. T To slight someone is to treat him/her with indifference.
F In #11 above, Constance was obviously very concerned about her own grades. F To be impartial is to not show bias.
T To be compelled to do something is, in a sense, to be overwhelmed or overpowered to do it. T To utter a phrase is to simply say it.
F To be content with a situation is to be quite upset and dissatisfied with it.
F If you are amenable to a suggestion, you are against it.

N DIVIDING A FRACTION BY AN INTEGER 5 16
1
NOTES: Carlos, pay attention this mini-lesson that will shine a light on how
1
25 49
to QUICKLY divide a fraction by an integer.
3 = 53 =
WHEN YOU divide a fraction by an integer, you should do the following:
5 -7
Check first if the NUMERATOR of the fraction is perfectly divisible by the
integer. If so, go ahead and divide and write your answer over the 6 17
original denominator. 1
100 -54
Example 1:
ten-thirds divided by 2
19 = 55 =
10 10 9
7 18
3 5 1
26 27
the numerator "10 " of the top fraction

is divisible by the integer " 2 "
= -
2 3 3 = 25 =
Example 2:
13 -9
fifteen-elevenths divided by 5
8 19
15 1
140 18
11 3 23 = 91 =
the numerator "15" of the top fraction
is divisible by the integer "5"
= 14 9
5 11 9 20
Example 3:
twenty-sevenths divided by 20
1
18 28
20 19 = 99 =
6 -14
7 1
the numerator " 20 "
=
is divisible by the integer " 20"
10 21
20 7
1
160 6
ISNT THAT SIMPLY FANTABULOUS? Now, you practice (no calculator, 207 = 109 =
please:
160 2
1 3
1
4 22 11 22
1
24 22
13 = 101 =
173 = 101 =
2 2
3 22
2 4
1
16 22 12 23
1
1600 24
17 = 101 =
29 = 173 =
4 11
16 12
13 24
1
2 1600
37 = 29 =
2 100
14 25
1
40 24
17 = 133 =
8 2
15 26
1
30 45
-
29 = 17 =
5 -9
27 SAT-STYLE QUESTION 32
1
15 5 1 On Monday morning, Angie sent out a texts each hour for 3 + c total hours, and Conchi sent
If x - 10 = 23, then x = out c texts each hour for 4 + a total hours. Which of the following represents the total number
of texts sent by Angie and Conchi on Monday morning?
n n
(Hint: Add "10" to both sides and then ask yourself
15 5
how x can mathematically be turned into x )
n n
A) 99
A) 3a + ac + 4c
B) 33
B) 4a + 2ac + 3c
C) 11
C) 9a2c2

D) 3 D) 3a + 2ac + 4c
11
28 SAT-STYLE QUESTION 1 Raul has to sort through many files at the end of each work day. The number of files that he
has to sort through completely at the end of each day is N(h) = 22 7h, where N is the number
1
Constance and Michelle recently ordered and of files left to sort through after h hours. What is the meaning of the -7 in the equation?
received a pizza that was mysteriously cut into
9 identical slices. They shared just one slice A) Raul takes 7 hours to completely sort through all files.
(because, like most women, they are perpetually B) Raul sorts through 7 files each hour.
C) Raul takes 7 hours to sort through each file.
dieting) and then took the remaining fraction of D) Raul sorts through 22 files in 7 hours.
slices and divided it among their four children.
12
What fraction of the original pizza did each child 1
receive?
(Hint: After eating just "1" slice, what fraction
of the pizza remains? Remember how it arrived...)
2 1
A) C)
9 4
1 4
B) D)
8 9
29 SAT-STYLE QUESTION
1
24 1
A student is given the equation m-4=
25 3 The graph above is a line representing function k where g(x) = 6x 3. If g(p) = 0, what is the
4 value of p?
and asked to find the value of m. The student
25 1
A)
first adds "4" to both sides. Which of the 2
following could be the student's next step so B) 2
C) 6
that he arrives at the answer? D) 18
A) Multiply both sides by 24

B) Divide both sides by 25
C) Divide both sides by 6
D) Multiply both sides by 4
30 31
1
-444 3
1087 = 13 =
4 3
HOMEWORK
The following is an excerpt from a readers online submission to an advice columnist; the man is writing in about a tattoo his
fianc recently had put on her body.
2
1 It can be inferred from the account above that the author
A) will likely leave his fianc

B) will go out and get a tattoo of his own
C) will probably have a follow-up conversation with his fianc about her getting the tattoo
D) will suppress his true feelings and encourage his fianc to get more tattoos
3
1 According to the passage, the author
A) makes class assumptions about people who have tattoos

B) is dismayed that society applauds such an egregious marring of the human form
C) believes he and his future wife will have to talk to his kids before they get tattoos
D) is not going to propose to his girlfriend until she agrees to have the tattoo removed
4
1 In line 14, the word repulsed can be replaced with which of the following so as to not change
the meaning of the sentence?
A) interested
B) angered

So imagine my surprise when I got home to discover my fiance had lovingly had my name C) repented
tattooed on a private area of her body.
For me, tattoos represent low-life, trailer-trash graffiti of the body. To be fair, I dont recall D) appalled
ever having discussed my views of such with her, so I tried to sound excited: Wow, honey, I
cant believe you did that. I feel so ... honored. However, privately, Im really kind of 5
(5) bummed out about it, and the idea of watching that thing age and stretch over the years is totally 1 The author primarily feels
turning me off.
No, I wont break off the engagement over this, but what on earth do I do to not be repulsed
by this going forward, and how do I make sure it never happens again? If it becomes a habit, I
really might not be able to continue with the relationship, and I wouldnt want any future kids to A) insulted
(10) think its okay because Mommy has it. These are points that should definitely be part of some B) conflicted
discussion between us at some moment.
What also bothers me is that she went ahead and did it without even consulting with me. C) disgusted
Yeah, her body is her own, but still, were going to spend the rest of our lives together and it D) deceived
seems kind of insulting to make such a dramatic decision without even a conversation (although
(15) it was meant to surprise me and make me happy). Ugh!
(20)
(25)
1
1 The author recounts a moment when he first learned of the tattoo and had to
A) express genuine emotion

B) feign enthusiasm
C) create an ambience of comfort
D) appear dismayed with another person
6 9
1 The family members were encouraged to eat something to stave off their hunger. 1 Action verbs can be transitive or intransitive.
In the line provided after each statement, write the word transitive or intransitive to identify
In the statement above, the word family is a(n) the underlined verb.
A) abstract noun (i) The scent of fresh sheets welcomes the guests to their rooms. ___________
B) collective noun (ii) The new album is slated to arrive in stores at midnight. _____________
C) proper noun
C) The ball landed only inches from the hole. _____________
D) personal pronoun
D) A blues singer does not always sing sad songs. ___________
7
1 The explosion that shook the town was caused by an error at the factory.
The best categorization for the phrase that shook the town is that of a 10
1 Underline the verb in each of the following sentences then, in the space provided, write a
A) subordinate clause
LIVELIER VERB to enhance the sentence.
B) prepositional phrase
C) interrogative noun phrase (i) The car drove by at a dangerously high speed. ___________
D) relative pronoun phrase
8
1 Use an appropriate interrogative pronoun (e.g. who, whom, whose, what, or which) to come up (ii) The parachutist fell to the ground.
with a question to which each of the following statements might serve as an answer. _____________
Write your new interrogative sentence in the space provided. (there may be more than one way to phrase it) (iii) The rain came down in buckets. __________
(i) These are Caros jeans? 11

1 Use one of the following prepositions to complete each statement. Each one THAT IS USED
will be used JUST ONCE; one of them is NOT USED.
after between among without in above

(i) Mary arrived at the party ___________ everyone else.
(ii) Lawrence was defeated ___________ his sword and armor.

(ii) This car belongs to Gabriella.
(iii) ____________ Carlos and Amy, Amy is the better piano player.
(iv) The red-breasted willow whipper is the loudest _____ all the whipper species.
(b) She found the keys _____ the hamper.
(iii) The Pulitzer Prize is named after Joseph Pulitzer.
12 14
1 Underline the subordinating conjunction in each of the following sentences. 1
(i) Although Carlos studied for hours, he still failed the exam.
(ii) Some teachers assign homework that basically serves as busy work.
(iii) Marta kept practicing her speech until she knew it from memory.
(iv) Angel always puts on goggles before turning on the table saw.
13
1 For each of the following sentences, underline the direct object ONCE and the indirect object
TWICE.
(i) Carlos has always given his students a fair chance to earn a good grade.
Rounded to the nearest whole number, what is the perimeter of the sector above?
A) 15
B) 12
C) 9
(ii) The players usually give the ball boy their bats.
D) 3
(iii) The parents rewarded their children with money for their good behavior.
Lessons and Practice Questions

Carlos, there are two main types of multiple-choice questions on the SAT Language and Writing Test (they are the same type on the ACT) English Test:
questions about usage and mechanics, and
questions about rhetorical skills.
Let us be mindful always of the following: while the exam does test your knowledge of grammar and rhetoric, the test is NOT actually about reciting grammar rules or proper writing techniques. To this end, you
will NOT be asked to correct any misspelled words or name five ways to introduce an essay. But you will be asked to identify the correct use of words and punctuation and to evaluate or employ certain writing
strategies in context.
In other words, you WILL apply your knowledge of grammar and rhetoric to written passages and along the way you will be responsible for correcting errors within sentences and choosing rhetorical techniques to
make passages more effective.
So, while you DO NOT need to be able to recite grammar rules, you DO need to know how to apply those rules to write grammatically correct sentences. You also need to know some basic strategies for effective
writing. Thats what we will review starting in just a moment. First, lets take a quick look at the breakdown of how your English score comes to be:
SPECIFIC CONTENT AREA SPECIFIC SKILLS ON WHICH YOU ARE TESTED THE CORRESPONDING SCORING PERCENTAGE
Sentence Structure just about 24%

Usage and Mechanics
(about 53% of exam)
Punctuation about 13%
Grammar and Usage about 16%
53%

General Writing Strategies about 16%
Rhetorical Skills
(about 47% of exam)
Organizational Techniques about 15%
Style just about 16%
47%
A Couple More Things: The passages on the SAT Writing & Language cover myriad general-interest topics such as the life of a famous person or the history of an interesting invention. Each passage is typically four
to five short paragraphs in length. As you saw in the pretest, questions about grammar and usage generally refer to specific, underlined words or phrases in the passages while questions about rhetorical skills may
refer to one or more sentences or paragraphs or even to the entire passage.
You may have noticed that the sentences and paragraphs are often numbered to correspond with specific questions. For each question, you will need to determine which of the four choices is the best answer. You will
always have the option of selecting no change if you believe the sentence or paragraph is correct or most effective as it stands.
Because the questions are contextual, you may need to read several sentences beyond an underlined passage or section to determine the best answer to the question
Usage and Mechanics

(about 53% of exam)
SUBJECTS, PREDICATES, & OBJECTS

When we write, we express our ideas in complete and correctly written sentences. But what is a sentence, exactly?
A SENTENCE is the basic unit of written expression in English it can be very simple or very complex but what NEVER, EVER changes is that it consists of two essential parts:
a subject and
a predicate
Furthermore, any sentence must express a complete thought. This idea is sometimes hotly debated but putting aside our own passions about what constitutes a COMPLETE THOUGHT, we need to really focus on
the rules of standard written English.
SUBJECT PREDICATE
The subject of a sentence tells us who or what the sentence is The predicate tells us something about the subjectalternatively,
aboutalternatively, who or what is performing the action of the what the subject is or does.
sentence.
Thus, in the following sentence where the subject is separated from the predicate by a forward slash (/ ):
The wind / is howling .
the word wind is the _______. It TELLS US what the sentence is about in the phrase is howling is what we call a ______ phrase. It describes the action that is
this case, it is who or what PERFORMS THE _______ of the sentence. BEING PERFORMED by the ________.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------
SINGULAR/PLURAL SUBJECT
The subject of a sentence can be singular or compound (plural):
I / drove for hours.
Omar and I / drove for hours.
singular subject compound subject
(two subjects are PERFORMING the action)
-----------------------------------------------------------------------
SINGULAR/PLURAL PREDICATE
The predicate of a sentence can ALSO be singular or compound (plural):
I / washed the windows.
I / washed the windows and
hung new curtains.
singular predicate compound predicate
(two actions BEING PERFORMED by the subject)
DIRECT OBJECT
In many sentences, someone or something receives the action expressed in the ___________ (specifically, the ___ _). This person or thing RECEIVING THE ACTION is called the ______ object of the verb.
In the sentences below, the subject and predicate are separated by a slash (/) and the direct object is underlined and blue:

I / washed the windows . Rover / wants food .
direct object
direct object
The windows receive the action of Food receives the action
being washed by whomever I represents. of being wanted by Rover.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------
INDIRECT OBJECT
Sentences can also have an ________ object: a person or thing which receives the ______ object. In the sentences below, the direct object is underlined and blue and the indirect object is in underlined
and bold blue notice the indirect object typically COMES BEFORE the direct object:
I / asked Vladimir a question .

indirect object direct object
The guest / gave the host a gift .
indirect object direct object
Vladimir receives the question; The host receives the gift; the gift, in turn, receives the action of being given.
the question, in turn, receives
the action of being asked.
PRACTICE
For each of the following sentences, please do each of the following:
A. Put a slash (/) between the subject and the predicate.

B. Identify whether the subject is singular or compound.
C. Identify whether the predicate is singular or compound.
D. Underline any direct objects.
E. Circle or box any indirect objects.
(first one has been done for you)

A. Lukas / painted a picture .
Lukas painted a picture.
direct object
B. singular subject
The zookeeper gave the sea lions their dinner.
C. singular predicate
D. picture
E. no indirect object
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
Carlos studied hard and passed the exam easily.

A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
Carlos and Peter have been friends since grade school.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
INDEPENDENT & DEPENDENT CLAUSES

A _______ contains a subject and a predicate and may also have direct and indirect objects.
An ___________ clause expresses a complete thought; it can stand on its own as a sentence.
A _________ clause, on the other hand, cannot stand alone because it expresses an incomplete idea. When a dependent clause stands alone, the result is a sentence __________.
He forgot his keys.

Because he forgot his keys
independent clause dependent clause
(can stand on its own) (cannot stand on its own)
Notice that the dependent clause is incomplete; it requires an additional thought to make a complete sentence, such as:
Because he forgot his keys, he was late.

OR
He was late because he forgot his keys.
Carlos, did you notice that there is a comma in the first option in which the dependent clause comes first. This brings us to a simple COMMA RULE:
COMMA RULE #1
Use commas after introductory
i) clauses
ii) phrases or
iii) words that come before the main clause.
Common starter words (or subordinating conjunctions) for introductory clauses that should be followed by a comma include after, although, as, because, if, since, when, while.
While I was eating, the cat scratched at the door.
Because her alarm clock was broken, she was late for class.
If you are ill, you ought to see a doctor.
When the snow stops falling, we'll shovel the driveway.

However, DO NOT put a comma after the main clause when a dependent (subordinate) clause follows it (except for cases of extreme contrast).
INCORRECT: The cat scratched at the door, while I was eating.
CORRECT: She was still quite upset, although she had won the Oscar. (This comma use is correct because it is an example of extreme contrast.)
BACK TO THE INDEPENDENT CLAUSE:
Again, the dependent clause CANNOT STAND ALONE; the independent clause, however, can stand alone. It IS a complete thought.

Remember our dependent clause again:
Because he forgot his keys

What makes the dependent clause above dependent is the word because. Because, you may recall, is one of many _____________ conjunctions which include the following:
SUBORDINATING CONJUNCTIONS
after before that when
although if though where
as, as if once unless wherever
because since until while
When a clause begins with a subordinating conjunction, it MUST BE connected to an independent clause to become a complete thought the independent clause may appear BEFORE or AFTER the dependent
clause as we have already seen:
Because he forgot his keys, he was late.

dependent clause independent clause
I was so tired that I left the party.

independent clause dependent clause
A sentence with both a dependent clause (DC) and independent clause (IC) is called a ________ sentence. Both sentences on the previous page are complex sentences.
ARE ALL SENTENCES WITH TWO CLAUSES CONSIDERED COMPLEX? NOT EXACTLY: When two independent clauses are combined, the result is a _________ sentence like the following:
He was late, so he lost the account.

Notice the use of the comma (,) The most common way to join two independent clauses is with a comma and a _________ conjunction: and, but, or, nor, for, so, yet.
Independent clauses can also be joined with a _____-colon IF the ideas in the sentences are CLOSELY RELATED otherwise, it will not sound quite right.
I am tall , and he is short. [IC, CC + IC] comma is OK!
I am tall ; he is short . [IC; IC] no CC, so comma is NOT OK!
I was late, yet I still got the account. [IC, CC + IC] comma is OK!
PHRASES & MODIFIERS

Sentences are often filled out by phrases and modifiers.
PHRASES MODIFIERS
_______ are groups of words that do not have both a subject and predicate; Modifiers are words and phrases that qualify or _______ people, places, things, ideas,
and actions.
phrases might have either a subject or a verb, but not both, and sometimes neither.
Modifiers include adjectives (e.g., red, exclusive, humid) and ________ (e.g., happily,
The most common phrases are cautiously).
prepositional phrases, which consist of a preposition and a noun or pronoun that will
serve as the object of that preposition. (e.g., in the barn) Like prepositional phrases, modifiers help us ENHANCE our sentences, giving them
greater substance and more meaning.
In the following examples,
the subject and predicate are separated by a forward slash (/)

prepositional phrases are underlined,
the preposition and its object are in red, and
the modifiers (or adjectives/adverbs) are in bold blue:

He / was very late for an important meeting with a new client.
The motel room / had a small refrigerator in the corner and a large table by the door.
Sandra / was so upset by his rude remark that she immediately left the birthday party.
PREPOSITIONS
Prepositions are extremely important; they help us understand how objects relate to each other in space and time. Recognizing them can help you quickly check for
subject-verb agreement and other grammar issues. Here is a list of the most common prepositions:
about behind down like since up
above below during near through upon
across beneath except of throughout with
after beside for off till without
against besides from on to
around between in out toward
at beyond inside outside under
before by into over until
PRACTICE
Rewrite each of the following sentences. As you do:
A. Place brackets, [ ], around any dependent clauses.

B. Underline any prepositional phrases and write out (or shade) the preposition and object in red.
C. Circle or box any modifiers in blue.
(first one has been done for you)
Since the research paper is due in precisely two weeks, I should finish my research over the upcoming long weekend.
Since the research paper is due in precisely two weeks

, I should finish my research

over the upcoming , long weekend .
Xiu picked up Maria up at her house and they drove to the beach in her brand, new convertible.
After Sean put the entertainment center together, he realized that it wouldnt fit through the door of the TV room.
Lily felt uncomfortable at the party even though she knew almost everyone.
High-rise window washing is one of the most dangerous jobs on Earth.

1 INDEPENDENT (or MAIN) CLAUSES
1
NOTES: Okay, let us delve a bit deeper into the idea of CLAUSES.
When you studied some prepositional phrases in a previous portion of this packet, you HOPEFULLY learned that:
A phrase: is a group of words without a subject and a verb.

A clause: is a group of words with a subject and a verb.
Furthermore, under the category of clause, we know that there are TWO KINDS:
An independent (or main) clause it can STAND ALONE without any other clauses necessary.
A dependent (or subordinate) clause it CANNOT STAND ALONE; it needs to be coupled with an independent clause for it to make sense.
Let us focus on the INDEPENDENT CLAUSE. To identify such a clause, we need to find a verb and a subject.

EXERCISE 1: In the following sentences, identify the underlined group of words as a phrase or an independent clause. Write your answer on the line at the right.
Many people complain loudly about junk mail. ___________________
It arrives in large quantities daily. ___________________
Getting on these mailing lists is easy. ___________________
Companies have always exchanged information regarding consumers. ___________________
Rented memberships and subscription lists have been another resource used by advertisers. ___________________
2 CONNECTING INDEPENDENT CLAUSES

1
NOTES:
THE SIMPLE SENTENCE

A simple sentence contains only ONE clause. Which of the following two sentences is a simple sentence?
Mr. Hughes has dreamed of graduating.

For a long time since building his first race care nineteen years ago, Mr. Hughes has dreamed of graduating to the NASCAR Grand National Circuit.
GUESS WHAT? BOTH sentences are simple sentences. Although the second sentence contains more phrases, if you read it carefully youll notice that it has only ONE independent clause: in other words, only
one subject and one verb. In fact, BOTH sentences have the same subject and verb:
Subject (S) Auxiliary Verb (AV) Verb (V)

gets circled gets single underlined gets double underlined
Mr. Hughes has dreamed
THE COMPOUND SENTENCE

Which of the following two sentences contains more than one independent (or main) clause and, therefore, is NOT a simple sentence?
Thousands of drivers like Mr. Hughes test themselves on Americas hundreds of small dirt tracks, hoping to win $1,000, $100, or even just a trophy.
The race-car drivers hope to make it to the big-league tracks, and they love the thrill of driving at very high speeds.
The first sentence has only one subject and one verb: The second sentence, containing TWO independent clauses, is called a compound sentence. It
has two subjects and two verbs:
S V
S V S V
Thousands test they love

drivers hope , and
Look closely again at this sentence and notice that it is simple with ONE independent
clause.
Keep going(unless you need to RE-READ this page and make sure you got it all)
QUICK REVIEW:
A simple sentence contains ONE SUBJECT and ONE VERB. It is an example of an independent clause.
A compound sentence contains TWO independent clauses joined in some grammatically correct way.
Now, try two more sentences. Which one is a simple sentence? Which one is a compound sentence?
Trying to avoid a head-on collision with another car, the driver turned his wheel sharply to the right He wanted to pull off the road, but he could not do it quickly enough.
and crashed into a wall.
This sentence is a compound sentence. It has TWO independent clauses: TWO
This sentence is a simple sentence it contains ONE independent clause. That clause contains SUBJECTS and TWO VERBS.
ONE SUBJECT and in this case, a COMPOUND VERB:
S V S AV V
S V V
he could do
crashed He wanted but
driver turned and
EXERCISE 2:
Begin by circling the SUBJECTS and double underlining the verbs.
Identify each sentence as simple or compound. If the sentence has only ONE independent clause, write S (for Simple) on the line to its right. If the sentence has TWO OR MORE independent clauses, write C
(for Compound) on the line to its right.
Example: Aurelio wanted a new bicycle, but he didnt have enough money for one. _C_
Some people think of Iowa as flat, but some bicyclists know better now. ____
Every year about seven thousand bicyclists ride slowly and painfully across the state of Iowa. ____
The ride begins at the Missouri River along the states western border, and it ends at its eastern edge along the Mississippi. ____
Many riders complain about injured knees as well as sunburns. ____
The bicyclists are surprised by the hills of Iowa, for the land had looked flat to them. ____
JOINING INDEPENDENT CLAUSES

OKAY, pay extra careful attention to the follow:
There are THREE (3) ways to join the independent clauses of compound sentences. You may use:
a coordinating conjunction (or coordinating connective)

a semicolon, or
an adverbial conjunction (or adverbial connective)
Examples:
Karen and Jessica
at work or at school
Karen studies, but Jessica watches TV.
Remember these SEVEN (7) Coordinating Conjunctions (or connectives):
and but for nor or so yet
ALWAYS PUT A COMMA BEFORE the coordinating conjunction when it joins TWO INDEPENDENT CLAUSES into a compound sentence.
Example: Suzanne was trying to lose weight, so she avoided eating desserts.
EXERCISE 3: Change these simple sentences into compound sentences by joining the independent clauses with a comma AND a coordinating conjunction given in parentheses. Also, circle the subjects and
double underline the verbs.
1. (but) The doctor was a well-known specialist. My father would not accept her diagnosis.
Your new compound sentence here, please:
2. (and) The pole vaulter tried again to break the record. This time he succeeded.
3. (so) It is a large house. They will have room for all their furniture.
4. (for) Andrea spent four hours a day practicing the flute. She was determined to improve.
5. (or) We can drive to the beach. We can ride our new bicycles.
A semicolon (;) may be used to connect independent clauses.

Example: Suzanne read the health spa contract several times; she wanted to understand
the terms before signing it.
EXERCISE 4: Circle the subjects and underline the verbs. On the lines at the right, identify each sentence as simple (S) or compound (C). Correct the compound sentence by joining the independent clauses with
semicolons. (if need be, use a different COLOR so it stands out)
Lucy likes to finish her homework before dinner after eating she gets sleepy. ____
Vivian brought pictures of our high-school class to the reunion everyone laughed at the dated clothes and hairstyles. ____
Arturo and his brother have borrowed money and opened a real estate office. ____
Our neighbor was happy about his gold game today for the first time he had a lower score than his wifes. ____
The children entertained themselves for half an hour by riding up and down on the escalator. ____
The adverbial conjunctions (sometimes called adverbial connectives) listed in the following box ALSO may be used to join independent clauses.
Addition: also further in addition moreover

Contrast: however instead nevertheless otherwise
Time: meanwhile then
Result: as a result consequently thus therefore
In Reality: in fact indeed
Use a semicolon (;) BEFORE the adverbial conjunctions

and FOLLOW the adverbial conjunction with a comma (,)
Example: Suzanne has lost ten pounds; therefore, she is proud of herself.
EXERCISE 5: Circle the subjects and underline the verbs. Choose an appropriate adverbial conjunction from the words in the following box to connect the independent clauses in the following sentences
PLEASE REWRITE THE SENTENCE WITH YOUR CHOSEN CONJUNCTION. Use each conjunction ONLY ONCE. Punctuate the sentence correctly.
consequently in addition in fact instead then
We had planned to bicycle through England last summer. We painted the house and built a fence.
Rewrite your sentence here:
I forgot my umbrella this morning. I was soaked to the skin by the time I reached the office.
Milt works six hours a day and overtime on weekends at a restaurant. He takes three classes at a community college.
First Norman reads the comics. He settles down to enjoy the sports section.
Cindy looked very different with her new haircut. I hardly recognized her.
PUNCTUATION
It turns out that the adverbial conjunctions can have a different role. In simple sentences, for example, some adverbial conjunctions serve as ADVERBS and are enclosed by COMMAS. These adverbs DO
NOT join independent clauses like we saw before.
Example: Eric sometimes guesses correctly the meanings of words. He should,

nevertheless, consult a dictionary from time to time.
EXERCISE 6: Punctuate the following sentences correctly. (if need be, use a different COLOR so your punctuation stands out)
Example: A dictionary, indeed, can tell you the meaning of a word.
Besides that a dictionary shows you how to spell a word.
A dictionary in addition shows you how to divide a word into syllables.
It can tell you furthermore the origin and development of a word.
A dictionary in fact is a good source of biographical information.

You must however develop the habit of consulting it frequently.
1 5
1 The audience showed its appreciation with a standing ovation. 1 Use an appropriate interrogative pronoun (e.g. who, whom, whose, what, or which) to come up
with a question to which each of the following statements might serve as an answer.
In the statement above, the word its is a(n) Write your new interrogative sentence in the space provided. (there may be more than one way to phrase it)
A) abstract noun
(i) This book belongs to Carlos.
B) collective noun
C) a possessive pronoun
D) an adverb
2
1 In the statement from #1 above, the word ovation most nearly means
(ii) He is going to the concert alone.

A) a mediocre show of appreciation
B) a sustained and enthusiastic show of appreciation
C) disapproval
D) disdain
3
1 Use the following word bank to complete each definition:
(iii) The letter should be addressed to him.
disdain mediocre sustain ovation
A) __________ (v): to strengthen or support, physically or mentally.
B) __________ (n): the feeling that someone or something is not worthy of ones respect.
C) __________ (n): an enthusiastic display of appreciation (usually involves standing and

clapping)
6
1 Underline the verb in each of the following sentences then, in the space provided, write a
D) __________ (adj): of only moderate quality; not very good. LIVELIER VERB to enhance the sentence.
(i) The car drove by at a dangerously high speed. ___________

4
1 The explosion at the factory was caused by human error.
The best categorization for the phrase at the factory is that of a

(ii) The parachutist fell to the ground.
A) subordinate clause _____________
B) prepositional phrase (iii) The rain came down in buckets. __________
C) interrogative noun phrase
7
D) relative pronoun phrase 1 Underline the subordinating conjunction in each of the following sentences.
(i) Until Jessica arrives, we are not going anywhere.

(ii) Some teachers assign homework that basically serves as busy work.
(iii) Faviola studied for several hours because she had to pass this next exam.
(iv) Before working with dangerous power tools, Peter puts on safety goggles.
Okay scholar, try these five math problems. A CALCULATOR is allowed.

8 10
1 The monthly membership fee for an online television and movie service is $12.99. The cost of 1 A slab of fudge weighs 8 pounds. It is first cut into equal fourths and each of these fourths is then
viewing television shows online is included with the membership. Movies, however, cost extra. further divided into five identical smaller pieces. What is the weight, in ounces, of each of the
Each movie rents for $2.50. In February, Carlos total bill for the service including his smaller pieces? (1 pound = 16 ounces)
membership and movie rental fees was $27.99. How many movies did Carlos rent online in
February?
A) 6.4
A) 4
B) 5.8
B) 6
C) 4.0
C) 8
D) 3.4
D) 9
11
1 3(h 6)(2h + 1)
Which of the following is equivalent to the expression above?

9
1 One of the requirements for becoming a paralegal at a law firm is the ability to sort 80 files per
minute. Emily can currently sort 45 files per minute, and has determined that with practice she can A) 5h2 13h 6
increase her sorting speed by 5 files per minute each week. Which of the following represents the
number of files per minute that Emily has determined she will be able to sort x weeks from now?
B) 5h2 33h 18
A) 5 + 45x
C) 6h2 13h 18
B) 80 + 5x
D) 6h2 33h 18
C) 45 + 5x
D) 80 5x 12
1 Last year, Peter made $4,000 more than Mary who made $2,000 more than Paul. If they earned a
combined total of $128,000, how much did Mary earn last year?
A) $40,000
B) $42,000
C) $46,000
D) $48,000
13 POLYNOMIAL MATH
Which of the following expressions is equivalent to x( x - 8) + 10( x - 8)?

(hint: DO NOT distribute...look carefully and notice the "x - 8" is actually a GCF)
A) ( x - 18) ( x + 8 )
B) ( x + 8) ( x - 10 )
C) ( x - 8) ( x + 10 )
D) ( x + 8) ( x + 10 )
14 NUMBER THEORY

1 3 7
Which of the following inequalities is accurate regarding the numbers , , and ?
4 10 100
7 3 1
A) < <
100 10 4
7 1 3
B) < <
100 4 10
1 7 3
C) < <
4 100 10
3 1 3
D) < <
10 4 10
15 SOLVING FOR x? or x2? or xn?
5 4
What is the value of m if 3m8 - 5 = 427?
6
A) 3
B) 5
C) 8
D) 10
16 POLYGON GEOMETRY
In the figure below, rectangle ABCD is known to have a perimeter P = 64 and area A = 240.
AB
Rectangle MNOP is similar to rectangle ABCD with MN = , which of the following
4
would represent the new perimeter and area of rectangle MNOP?
A) P = 16, A = 60
B) P = 4, A = 15
C) P = 16, A = 15
D) P = 4, A = 60
17 LINE ALGEBRA

A line in the standard ( x, y ) coordinate plane passes through the points ( -3, - 6) and ( x, 10).
If the line is vertical, what is the value of x ?
A) 3
B) 4
C) - 3
D) - 6
18 SQUARE ROOTS & SQUARES/CUBE ROOTS & CUBES, ETC.
The cube root of a certain number is decreased by 4 to yield a result of - 2.584.

The number is between which of the following integers?
A) 1 and 2
B) 2 and 3
C) 3 and 4
D) 4 and 5


Session 3 - in Class Packet - Carlos Ortiz

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SAT PREPARATION READING/WRITING/MATH TOPICS = ALL

SAT PREPARATION READING/WRITING/MATH TOPICS = ALL

Here is a VERY QUICK REVIEW:

1. Verb: Verbs, of course, indicate actions or states of being.

To be is also unique in that it is conjugated in both the present and past.

Conjugation of the verb to be:

SAT PREPARATION READING/WRITING/MATH TOPICS = ALL

Conjugation of the verb to have:

HOW ABOUT VERB TENSE?

She speaks = Present (it occurs NOW)

LOOK OUT!! WE ARE CHANGING DIRECTIONS!

MATH Linear Equations

SAT PREPARATION READING/WRITING/MATH TOPICS = ALL

THE SLOPE OF OUR LINE WILL REPRESENT SOME KIND OF

SAT PREPARATION READING/WRITING/MATH TOPICS = ALL

What is the value of p in the equation above?

CONCLUSION: Dont always perform a FULL CROSS-MULTIPLICATIONsometimes a HALF

Heres another one:

SAT PREPARATION READING/WRITING/MATH TOPICS = ALL

Heres another one now you get to use your calculator:

SAT PREPARATION READING/WRITING/MATH TOPICS = ALL

C) 1.8 A) hasnt done; doesnt do

SAT PREPARATION READING/WRITING/MATH TOPICS = ALL

B) bottles A) always wanted

SAT PREPARATION READING/WRITING/MATH TOPICS = ALL

A) hours per bottle What is the value of k in the equation above?

WHOA!! AGAIN, CHANGING DIRECTIONS!

SAT PREPARATION READING/WRITING/MATH TOPICS = ALL

Your command of evidence will be tested throughout much

READING - What is meant by Command of

SAT PREPARATION READING/WRITING/MATH TOPICS = ALL

OH MY!! MAKE A LEFTMAKE LEFT!

WHEW!! THAT WAS CLOSE!!

Lets consider the types of questions in a little more detail.

QUIZ - FIND THE EVIDENCE & OTHER QUESTIONS 5 min

SAT PREPARATION READING/WRITING/MATH TOPICS = ALL

True or False A) small and local

SAT PREPARATION READING/WRITING/MATH TOPICS = ALL

B) placed after sentence 4

C) placed after sentence 5

D) placed after sentence 6

A) because it was fun

C) to earn money for their family

B) quick and painless

SAT PREPARATION READING/WRITING/MATH TOPICS = ALL

11 Choose the best word to complete the statement.

A) content T A clandestine operation is carried out secretly or surreptitiously.

B) impressed F If you disseminate information, you collect it.

F From choice D of #10 on this page, ambiguous means unclear or indistinct.

F To be content with a situation is to be quite upset and dissatisfied with it.

F If you are amenable to a suggestion, you are against it.

SAT PREPARATION READING/WRITING/MATH TOPICS = ALL

SAT PREPARATION READING/WRITING/MATH TOPICS = ALL

A) Multiply both sides by 24

A) will likely leave his fianc

A) makes class assumptions about people who have tattoos

SAT PREPARATION READING/WRITING/MATH TOPICS = ALL

A) express genuine emotion

(i) These are Caros jeans? 11

SAT PREPARATION READING/WRITING/MATH TOPICS = ALL

after between among without in above

(ii) Lawrence was defeated ___________ his sword and armor.

(b) She found the keys _____ the hamper.