Parapet:

A parapet is a barrier which is an extension of the wall at the edge of

a roof, terrace, balcony, walkway or other structure. The word comes
ultimately from the Italian parapetto (parare "to cover/defend"
and petto "breast"). The German equivalent Brustwehr has the same
meaning. Where extending above a roof, a parapet may simply be the
portion of an exterior wall that continues above the line of the roof surface,
or may be a continuation of a vertical feature beneath the roof such as
a fire wallor party wall.[1] Parapets were originally used to defend buildings
from military attack, but today they are primarily used as guard rails and to
prevent the spread of fires.

FIG: Parapet
Staircase:
A stairway, staircase, stairwell, flight of stairs, or simply stairs is a
construction designed to bridge a large vertical distance by dividing it into
smaller vertical distances, called steps. Stairs may be straight, round, or
may consist of two or more straight pieces connected at angles.
Special types of stairs include escalators and ladders. Some alternatives to
stairs are elevators (lifts in British English), stairlifts and inclined moving
walkways as well as stationary inclined sidewalks (pavements in British
English).

Fig: Staircase

Roof Covering
 Roofing tiles are used to cover sloping roofs.
Supported on wooden reapers or Light gauge steel
or steed rods are also used.

Normally these tiles are having curved surface having

ribbed sections, so that with thin section they are
sufficiently strong to resist the load.
Sometimes flat tiles are used under
curved/ribbed tiles.
The Desirable properties of Roof are:
1. They should not absorb moisture more than
20 per cent by weight.
2. They should give pleasing Look.
3. They should be capable of taking Load of a man
safely, after they are supported on reapers.
4. They should be durable.
5. They should be uniform in shape and size.
6. Warpage should not exceed 2% along the
edges and 1 .5% along the diagonal.
 Fig: Roof Covering

Rainwater Spout :
A downspout, waterspout,[1] downpipe, drain spout, roof drain
pipe,[2] leader, or rone (Scotland)[3] is a pipe for carrying rainwater from
a rain gutter.
Downspouts are usually vertical and usually extend down to ground level.
The water is directed away from the building's foundation, to protect the
foundations from water damage. The water is usually piped to a sewer, or
let into the ground through seepage.
The first ever downspout to be installed was in 1240 on the Tower of
London, as it was whitewashed and the newly painted walls had to be
protected from the rain. Decorative heads are sometimes added, these
being low-height gargoyle
Fig: Rain Water Spout
.

Elevator machine room or lift machine room:

Typically, entrance to elevator machine rooms are located off a public corridor, usually located on a
rooftop penthouse of a building or through a mechanical equipment room. if they are located in a
room or space containing other machinery (such as the controllers) and equipment essential to the
operation of the building, provided that they are separated from the other machinery or equipment by
a substantial metal grille enclosure. In an existing building, locating a machine room in such a
location is unavoidable, the enclosure are constructed to restrict sound transmission to the adjacent
occupied spaces.
Traction elevator machine rooms are located directly over the hoist way of the elevator served by
that equipment. On bottom drive type, machine rooms are usually located next to the elevator bank
or bottom of the shaftway. In older installations where space is at a premium; particularly in high-rise
buildings, the machine room is often split over two levels in order to house the traction
equipment, motor-generator (MG) sets and the relay controllers. Typically, an upgrade to a solid
state controller and variable frequency drive (in place of the M-G set) can free up this space for other
uses.

Hydraulic elevator machine rooms are almost always located on the ground floor or in the basement,
normally close to the elevators
Fig: Elevator Machine

Swimming pool:
A swimming pool, swimming bath, wading pool, or paddling pool is a
structure designed to hold water to enable swimming or other leisure
activities. Pools can be built into the ground (in-ground pools) or built above
ground (as a freestanding construction or as part of a building or other
larger structure), and are also a common feature aboard ocean-liners and
cruise ships. In-ground pools are most commonly constructed from
materials such as concrete, natural stone, metal, plastic or fiberglass, and
can be of a custom size and shape or built to a standardized size, the
largest of which is the Olympic-size swimming pool.
Many health clubs, fitness centers and private clubs, such as the YMCA,
have pools used mostly for exercise or recreation. Many towns and cities
provide public pools. Many hotels have pools available for their guests to
use at their leisure. Educational facilities such as universities typically have
pools for physical education classes, recreational activities, leisure or
competitive athletics such as swimming teams. Hot tubs and spas are
pools filled with hot water, used for relaxation or hydrotherapy, and are
common in homes, hotels, and health clubs. Special swimming pools are
also used for diving, specialized water sports, physical therapy as well as
for the training of lifeguards and astronauts. Swimming pools may be
heated or unheated.

Fig: Swimming pool

Helipad:

A helipad is a landing area or platform for helicopters and powered

lift aircraft.
While helicopters and powered lift aircraft are able to operate on a variety
of relatively flat surfaces, a fabricated helipad provides a clearly marked
hard surface away from obstacles where such aircraft can land safely.
Larger helipads, intended for use by helicopters and other vertical take-off
and landing aircraft, may be called vertiports. An example is Vertiport
Chicago,[1] which opened in 2015.[2]

Fig:Helipad

Telecom Tower:
Radio masts and Telecom towers are, typically, tall structures designed
to support antennas (also known as aerials)
for telecommunications and broadcasting, including television. There are
two main types: guyed and self-supporting structures. They are among the
tallest man-made structures.
Masts are often named after the broadcasting organizations that originally
built them or currently use them.
In the case of a mast radiator or radiating tower, the whole mast or tower is
itself the transmitting antenna.
Fig:Telecom Tower.

Garden:
A garden is a planned space, usually outdoors, set aside for the display,
cultivation, and enjoyment of plants and other forms of nature. The garden
can incorporate both natural and man-made materials. The most common
form today is known as a residential garden, but the term garden has
traditionally been a more general one. Zoos, which display wild animals in
simulated natural habitats, were formerly called zoological
gardens.[1][2] Western gardens are almost universally based on plants, with
garden often signifying a shortened form of botanical garden.
Some traditional types of eastern gardens, such as Zen gardens, use
plants sparsely or not at all. Xeriscape gardens use local native plants that
do not require irrigation or extensive use of other resources while still
providing the benefits of a garden environment. Gardens may exhibit
structural enhancements, sometimes called follies, including water
features such as fountains, ponds (with or without fish), waterfalls or
creeks, dry creek beds, statuary, arbors, trellises and more.
Some gardens are for ornamental purposes only, while some gardens also
produce food crops, sometimes in separate areas, or sometimes intermixed
with the ornamental plants. Food-producing gardens are distinguished
from farms by their smaller scale, more labor-intensive methods, and their
purpose (enjoyment of a hobby rather than produce for sale). Flower
gardens combine plants of different heights, colors, textures, and
fragrances to create interest and delight the senses.
Gardening is the activity of growing and maintaining the garden. This work
is done by an amateur or professional gardener. A gardener might also
work in a non-garden setting, such as a park, a roadside embankment, or
other public space. Landscape architecture is a related professional activity
with landscape architects tending to specialise in design for public and
corporate clients

Fig: Garden
Community centre :

Community centre or community centers are public locations where

members of a community tend to gather for group activities, social support,
public information, and other purposes. They may sometimes be open for
the whole community or for a specialized group within the greater
community. Examples of community centre for specific groups
include: Christian community centre, Islamic community
centre, Jewish community centre, youth clubs etc.

Fig: Community centre

cycle track
A cycle track is an exclusive bike facility that combines the user
experience of a separated path with the on-street infrastructure of a
conventional bike lane. A cycle track is physically separated from motor
traffic and distinct from the sidewalk.
Fig:Cycle track.