SUMMARY OF STRUCTURAL CALCULATION OF 1-BARREL BOX CULVERT

1 Design Dimensions and Bar Arrangements Class III Road (BM50)

Type of box culvert B2.0 x H2.0

Clear width m 2.00

Clear height m 2.00
Height of fillet m 0.15

Thickness Side wall cm 30.0

Top slab cm 30.0
Bottom slab cm 30.0

Cover of reinforcement bar (between concrete surface and center of reinforcement bar)
Side wall Outside cm 6.0
Inside cm 6.0
Top slab Upper cm 6.0
Lower cm 6.0
Bottom slab Lower cm 6.0
Upper cm 6.0

Bar arrangement (dia - spacing per unit length of 1.0 m)

Side wall Lower outside Tensile bar mm 16@250

Distribution bar mm 12@250
Middle inside Tensile bar mm 12@250
Distribution bar mm 12@250
Upper outside Tensile bar mm 16@250
Distribution bar mm 12@250

Top slab Upper edge Tensile bar mm 16@250

Distribution bar mm 12@250
Lower middle Tensile bar mm 16@250
Distribution bar mm 12@250

Bottom slabLower edge Tensile bar mm 16@250

Distribution bar mm 12@250
Upper middle Tensile bar mm 12@125
Distribution bar mm 12@250

Fillet Upper edge Fillet bar mm Err:504

Lower edge Fillet bar mm Err:504

2 Design Parameters

Unit Weight Reinforced Concrete gc= 2.4 tf/m3

Backfill soil (wet) gs= 1.8 tf/m3
(submerged) gs'= 1.0 tf/m3

Live Load Class of road Class III (BM50)

Truck load at rear wheel P= 5.0 tf
Impact coefficient(for Class I to IV road Ci= 0.3 (D<4.0m)
0.0 (D>4.0m)
Pedestrian load (for Class V roads) 0 tf/m2

Concrete Design Strength sck= 175 kgf/cm2

(K175) Allowable Compressive Stress sca= 60 kgf/cm2
Allowable Shearing Stress ta= 5.5 kgf/cm2

Reinforcement Bar Allowable Tensile Stress ssa= 1,400 kgf/cm2

(U24, deformed bar) Yielding Point of Reinforcement Bar ssy= 3,000 kgf/cm2

Young's Modulus Ratio n= 24

Coefficient of static earth pressure Ka= 0.5

1 / 63 362472412.xls/Summary
STRUCTURAL CALCULATION OF BOX CULVERT Type: B2.00m x H2.00m Class III Road
Soil Cover Depth: 3.0 m
1 Dimensions and Parameters
Basic Parameters
Ka: Coefficient of static earth pressure 0.5
gw: Unit weight of water (t/m3) 1.00 t/m3
gd: Unit weight of soil (dry) (t/m3) 1.80 t/m3
Gwd
gs: Unit weight of soil (saturated) (t/m3) 2.00 t/m3
D
gc: Unit weight of reinforced concrete (t/m3) 2.40 t/m3
sck: Concrete Design Strength 175 kgf/m2
sca Allowable Stress of Concrete 60 kgf/m2
t2
ssa: Allowable Stress of Reinforcement Bar 1400 kgf/m2
ta: Allowable Stress of Shearing (Concrete) 5.5 kgf/m2
ssy: Yielding Point of Reinforcement Bar 3000 kgf/m2
n: Young's Modulus Ratio 24
H
Fa: Safety factor against uplift 1.2
Hf HT
Basic Dimensions
Hf
H: Internal Height of Box Culvert 2.00 m
t3 B: Internal Width of Box Culvert 2.00 m
t1 t1 Hf: Fillet Height 0.15 m
B t1: Thickness of Side Wall 0.30 m (> 0.25m)
t2: Thickness of Top Slab 0.30 m (> 0.25m)
B t3: Thickness of Invert (Bottom Slab) 0.30 m (> 0.25m)
T
BT: Gross Width of Box Culvert 2.60 m
HT: Gross Height of Box Culvert 2.60 m
D: Covering Depth 3.00 m
Gwd: Underground Water Depth for Case 1, 2 3.00 m (= D)
hiw: Internal Water Depth for Case 1, 2 0.00 m
for Case 3, 4 2.00 m

Cover of R-bar Basic Conditions

Top Slab d2 0.06 m Classification of Live load by truck Class 3
Side Wall d1 0.06 m PTM: Truck load of Middle Tire 5.00 t
Bottom Slab d3 0.06 m Ii: Impact coefficient (D4.0m:0, D<4.0m:0.3) 0.3
am: Ground contact length of Middle Tire 0.10 m
bm: Ground contact width of Middle Tire 0.25 m
PTR: Truck load of Rear Tire 5.00 t
ar: Ground contact length of Rear Tire 0.10 m
br: Ground contact width of Rear Tire 0.25 m
PTF: Truck load of Front wheel 1.25 t
af: Ground contact length of Front Tire 0.10 m
bf: Ground contact width of Front Tire 0.25 m
qp: Pedestrian load 0.00 t/m2

Dimension of frame

t1 B t1
H0: Height of frame t2/2 + H + t3/2 2.300 m
D1 B0: Width of frame B + t1 2.300 m
D1: Covering depth at middle of top slab D + t2/2 3.150 m
t2

H H0

t3

B0

2/ 63 (1)362472412.xls, Load
 Load distribution of truck tire

(1) Middle tire's acting point: center of the top slab

a) distributed load of middle tire
Pvtm: distributed load of middle tire 2PTM(1+Ii)/(am'bm') = 0.2664 tf/m2, B= 2.300
am': length of distributed load 2D+1.75+bm = 8.000 m
bm': width of distributed load 2D+am = 6.100 m
b) distributed load of rear tire
Pvtr: distributed load of rear tire not reach to top slab 0.0000 tf/m2, B= 0.000
ar': length of distributed load 2D+1.75+br = 8.000 m
br': width of distributed load 2D+ar = 6.100 m
c) distributed load of front tire
Pvtf: distributed load of front tire 2PTF(1+Ii)/(af'bf') 0.0666 tf/m2, B= 2.300
af': length of distributed load 2D+1.75+bf = 8.000 m
bf': width of distributed load 2D+af = 6.100 m

(2) Middle tire's acting point: on the side wall

a) distributed load of middle tire
Pvtm: distributed load of middle tire 2PTM(1+Ii)/(am'bm') = 0.2664 tf/m2, B= 2.300
am': length of distributed load 2D+1.75+bm = 8.000 m
bm': width of distributed load 2D+am = 6.100 m
b) distributed load of rear tire
Pvtr: distributed load of rear tire 2PTR(1+Ii)/(ar'br') 0.2664 tf/m2, B= 2.300
ar': length of distributed load 2D+1.75+br = 8.000 m
br': width of distributed load 2D+ar = 6.100 m
c) distributed load of front tire
Pvtf: distributed load of front tire 2PTF(1+Ii)/(af'bf') 0.0666 tf/m2, B= 2.300
af': length of distributed load 2D+1.75+bf = 8.000 m
bf': width of distributed load 2D+af = 6.100 m

(3) Rear tire's acting point: on the side wall

a) distributed load of rear tire
Pvtr: distributed load of rear tire 2PTR(1+Ii)/(ar'br') = 0.2664 tf/m2, B= 2.300
ar': length of distributed load 2D+1.75+br = 8.000 m
br': width of distributed load 2D+ar = 6.100 m
b) distributed load of middle tire
Pvtm: distributed load of middle tire 2PTM(1+Ii)/(am'bm') 0.2664 tf/m2, B= 2.300
am': length of distributed load 2D+1.75+bm = 8.000 m
bm': width of distributed load 2D+am = 6.100 m
c) distributed load of front tire
Pvtf: distributed load of front tire not reach to top slab 0.0000 tf/m2, B= 0.000
af': length of distributed load 2D+1.75+bf = 8.000 m
bf': width of distributed load 2D+af = 6.100 m

(4) Combination of load distribution of track tire

Case.L1: Pvt1 = 0.2664 tf/m2, B= 2.300 m Combination for Case.L2 (2) (2) (3)
Pvt2 = 0.0666 tf/m2, B= 2.300 m a) + b) a) + c) a) + b)
Case.L2: Pvt1 = 0.5328 tf/m2, B= 2.300 m Distributed load total 0.5328 0.3330 0.5328
Pvt2 = 0.0000 tf/m2, B= 0.000 m Select the combination case of 0.5328 tf/m2,
for Case.L2, which is the largest load to the top slab.

In case of covering depth (D) is over 3.0m, uniform load of 1.0 tf/m2 is applied on the top slab of culvert instead of live load calculated above.

Distribution load by pedestrian load

Pvt1 = 0.000 tf/m2

2 Stability Analysis Against Uplift

Analysis is made considering empty inside of box culvert.
Fs=Vd/U > Fa Fs= 3.0728 > 1.2 ok
where, Vd: Total dead weight (t/m) Vd= 20.772 tf/m
U: Total uplift (t.m)
U=BT*HT*gw U= 6.760 tf/m

Ws: Weight of covering soil Ws = BT*{(D-Gwd)*(gs-gw)+Gwd*gd} = 14.040 tf/m

Wc: Self weight of box culvert Wc = (HT*BT-H*B+2*Hf^2)*gc = 6.732 tf/m
Fa: Safety factor against uplift Fa= 1.2

3/ 63 (1)362472412.xls, Load
3 Load calculation

Case 1: Box Culvert Inside is Empty, Underground Water up to Top slab, Track load Case. L1

1) vertical load against top slab

Acting Load (tf/m2)
Wtop= (t2*BT+Hf^2)*gc/B0 Wtop= 0.8374
Pvd=Gwd*gd+(D-Gwd)*gs Pvd= 5.4000
Pvt1 Pvt1= 0.2664
Pvt2 Pvt2= 0.0666
Pv1= 6.5704

2) horizontal load at top of side wall

Acting Load (tf/m2) Horizontal pressure by track tire
P1=Ka*we1 P1= 0.1332 we1= 0.2664 tf/m2
P2=Ka*we2 P2= 0.0333 we2= 0.0666 tf/m2
P3=Ka*gd*Gwd P3= 2.7000
P4=Ka*gs*(D1-Gwd) P4= 0.1500
P5=gw*(D1-Gwd) P5= 0.1500
Ph1= 3.1665

3) horizontal load at bottom of side wall

Acting Load (tf/m2)
P1=Ka*we1 P1= 0.1332
P2=Ka*we2 P2= 0.0333
P3=Ka*gd*Gwd P3= 2.7000
P4=Ka*gs*(D1+H0-Gwd) P4= 2.4500
P5=gw*(D1+H0-Gwd) P5= 2.4500
Ph2= 7.7665

4) self weight of side wall

Acting Load (tf/m)
Wsw=t1*H*gc Wsw= 1.4400

5) ground reaction
Acting Load (tf/m2)
Wbot=(t3*BT+Hf^2)*gc/B0 Wbot= 0.8374
Wtop Wtop= 0.8374
Ws=Wsw*2/B0 Ws= 1.2522
Pvd Pvd= 5.4000
Pvt1 Pvt1= 0.2664
Pvt2 Pvt2= 0.0666
Wiw=(hiw*B-2Hf^2)*gw/B0 Wiw= 0.0000 hiw: internal water depth 0.00
Up=-U/B0 U= -2.9391
Q= 5.7208

summary of resistance moment

Item V H x y M
(tf/m) (tf/m) (m) (m)
(tf.m/m) acting point of resultant force
Self weight top slab 1.9260 - 1.1500 - 2.2149 X = SM/SV = 1.150 m
side wall (left) 1.4400 - 0.0000 - 0.0000 e = B0/2 - X = 0.000 m
side wall (right) 1.4400 - 2.3000 - 3.3120
invert 1.9260 - 1.1500 - 2.2149 ground reaction
load on top slab Pvd 12.4200 - 1.1500 - 14.2830 q1 = SV/Bo + 6SVe/Bo^2 = 5.7208
Pvt1 0.6127 - 1.1500 - 0.7046 q2 = SV/Bo - 6SVe/Bo^2 = 5.7208
Pvt2 0.1532 - 1.1500 - 0.1762
soil pressure side wall (left) - 12.5729 - 0.9887 12.4310
side wall (right) - -12.5729 - 0.9887 -12.4310
internal water 0.0000 - 1.1500 - 0.0000
uplift -6.7600 - 1.1500 - -7.7740
total 13.1579 15.1316

6) load against invert

Acting Load (tf/m2)
Pvd 5.4000
Pvt1 0.2664
Pvt2 0.0666
Wtop 0.8374
Ws 1.2522
Pq= 7.8226

4/ 63 (1)362472412.xls, Load
Case 2: Box Culvert Inside is Empty, Underground Water up to Top slab, Track load Case. L2

1) vertical load against top slab

Acting Load (tf/m2)
Wtop= (t2*BT+Hf^2)*gc/B0 Wtop= 0.8374
Pvd=Gwd*gd+(D-Gwd)*gs Pvd= 5.4000
Pvt1 Pvt1= 0.5328
Pvt2 Pvt2= 0.0000
Pv1= 6.7702

2) horizontal load at top of side wall

Acting Load (tf/m2) Horizontal pressure by track tire
P1=Ka*we1 P1= 0.1332 we1= 0.2664 tf/m2
P2=Ka*we2 P2= 0.1332 we2= 0.2664 tf/m2
P3=Ka*gd*Gwd P3= 2.7000
P4=Ka*gs*(D1-Gwd) P4= 0.1500
P5=gw*(D1-Gwd) P5= 0.1500
Ph1= 3.2664

3) horizontal load at bottom of side wall

Acting Load (tf/m2)
P1=Ka*we1 P1= 0.1332
P2=Ka*we2 P2= 0.1332
P3=Ka*gd*Gwd P3= 2.7000
P4=Ka*gs*(D1+H0-Gwd) P4= 2.4500
P5=gw*(D1+H0-Gwd) P5= 2.4500
Ph2= 7.8664

4) self weight of side wall

Acting Load (tf/m)
Wsw=t1*H*gc Wsw= 1.4400

5) ground reaction
Acting Load (tf/m2)
Wbot=(t3*BT+Hf^2)*gc/B0 Wbot= 0.8374
Wtop Wtop= 0.8374
Ws=Wsw*2/B0 Ws= 1.2522
Pvd Pvd= 5.4000
Pvt1 Pvt1= 0.5328
Pvt2 Pvt2= 0.0000
Wiw=(hiw*B-2Hf^2)*gw/B0 Wiw= 0.0000 hiw: internal water depth 0.00
Up=-U/B0 U= -2.9391
Q= 5.9206

summary of resistance moment

Item V H x y M
(tf/m) (tf/m) (m) (m)
(tf.m/m) acting point of resultant force
Self weight top slab 1.9260 - 1.1500 - 2.2149 X = SM/SV = 1.1500 m
side wall (left) 1.4400 - 0.0000 - 0.0000 e = B0/2 - X = 0.0000 m
side wall (right) 1.4400 - 2.3000 - 3.3120
invert 1.9260 - 1.1500 - 2.2149 ground reaction
load on top slab Pvd 12.4200 - 1.1500 - 14.2830 q1 = SV/Bo + 6SVe/Bo^2 = 5.9206
Pvt1 1.2254 - 1.1500 - 1.4092 q2 = SV/Bo - 6SVe/Bo^2 = 5.9206
Pvt2 0.0000 - 1.1500 - 0.0000
soil pressure side wall (left) - 12.8027 - 0.9916 12.6953
side wall (right) - -12.8027 - 0.9916 -12.6953
internal water 0.0000 - 1.1500 - 0.0000
uplift -6.7600 - 1.1500 - -7.7740
total 13.6174 15.6600

6) load against invert

Acting Load (tf/m2)
Pvd 5.4000
Pvt1 0.5328
Pvt2 0.0000
Wtop 0.8374
Ws 1.2522
total Pq= 8.0224

5/ 63 (1)362472412.xls, Load
Case 3: Box Culvert Inside is Full, Underground Water up to invert, Track load Case. L1

1) vertical load against top slab

Acting Load (tf/m2)
Wtop= (t2*BT+Hf^2)*gc/B0 Wtop= 0.8374
Pvd=D*gd Pvd= 5.4000
Pvt1 Pvt1= 0.2664
Pvt2 Pvt2= 0.0666
Pv1= 6.5704

2) horizontal load at top of side wall

Acting Load (tf/m2) Horizontal pressure by track tire
P1=Ka*we1 P1= 0.1332 we1= 0.2664 tf/m2
P2=Ka*we2 P2= 0.0333 we2= 0.0666 tf/m2
P3=Ka*gd*D1 P3= 2.8350
WP=-gw*0 P4= 0.0000
Ph1= 3.0015

3) horizontal load at bottom of side wall

Acting Load (tf/m2)
P1=Ka*we1 P1= 0.1332
P2=Ka*we2 P2= 0.0333
P3=Ka*gd*(D1+H0) P3= 4.9050
WP=-gw*H P4= -2.0000
Ph2= 3.0715

4) self weight of side wall

Acting Load (tf/m)
Wsw=t1*H*gc Wsw= 1.4400

5) ground reaction
Acting Load (tf/m2)
Wbot=(t3*BT+Hf^2)*gc/B0 Wbot= 0.8374
Wtop Wtop= 0.8374
Ws=Wsw*2/B0 Ws= 1.2522
Pvd Pvd= 5.4000
Pvt1 Pvt1= 0.2664
Pvt2 Pvt2= 0.0666
Wiw=(hiw*B-2Hf^2)*gw/B0 Wiw= 1.7196 hiw: internal water depth 2.000
Up=0 U= 0.0000
Q= 10.3795

summary of resistance moment

Item V H x y M
(tf/m) (tf/m) (m) (m) (tf.m/m) acting point of resultant force
Self weight top slab 1.9260 - 1.1500 - 2.2149 X = SM/SV = 1.1500 m
side wall (left) 1.4400 - 0.0000 - 0.0000 e = B0/2 - X = 0.0000 m
side wall (right) 1.4400 - 2.3000 - 3.3120
invert 1.9260 - 1.1500 - 2.2149 ground reaction
load on top slab Pvd 12.4200 - 1.1500 - 14.2830 q1 = SV/Bo + 6SVe/Bo^2 = 10.3795
Pvt1 0.6127 - 1.1500 - 0.7046 q2 = SV/Bo - 6SVe/Bo^2 = 10.3795
Pvt2 0.1532 - 1.1500 - 0.1762
soil pressure side wall (left) - 6.9839 - 1.1456 8.0007
side wall (right) - -6.9839 - 1.1456 -8.0007
internal water 3.9550 - 1.1500 - 4.5483
uplift 0.0000 - 1.1500 - 0.0000
total 23.8729 27.4538

6) load against invert

Acting Load (tf/m2)
Pvd 5.4000
Pvt1 0.2664
Pvt2 0.0666
Wtop 0.8374
Ws 1.2522
total Pq= 7.8226

6/ 63 (1)362472412.xls, Load
Case 4: Box Culvert Inside is Full, Underground Water up to invert, Track load Case. L2

1) vertical load against top slab

Acting Load (tf/m2)
Wtop= (t2*BT+Hf^2)*gc/B0 Wtop= 0.8374
Pvd=D*gd Pvd= 5.4000
Pvt1 Pvt1= 0.5328
Pvt2 Pvt2= 0.0000
Pv1= 6.7702

2) horizontal load at top of side wall

Acting Load (tf/m2) Horizontal pressure by track tire
P1=Ka*we1 P1= 0.1332 we1= 0.2664 tf/m2
P2=Ka*we2 P2= 0.1332 we2= 0.2664 tf/m2
P3=Ka*gd*D1 P3= 2.8350
WP=-gw*0 P4= 0.0000
Ph1= 3.1014

3) horizontal load at bottom of side wall

Acting Load (tf/m2)
P1=Ka*we1 P1= 0.1332
P2=Ka*we2 P2= 0.1332
P3=Ka*gd*(D1+H0) P3= 4.9050
WP=-gw*H P4= -2.0000
Ph2= 3.1714

4) self weight of side wall

Acting Load (tf/m)
Wsw=t1*H*gc Wsw= 1.4400

5) ground reaction
Acting Load (tf/m2)
Wbot=(t3*BT+Hf^2)*gc/B0 Wbot= 0.8374
Wtop Wtop= 0.8374
Ws=Wsw*2/B0 Ws= 1.2522
Pvd Pvd= 5.4000
Pvt1 Pvt1= 0.5328
Pvt2 Pvt2= 0.0000
Wiw=(hiw*B-2Hf^2)*gw/B0 Wiw= 1.7196 hiw: internal water depth 2.000
Up=0 U= 0.0000
Q= 10.5793

summary of resistance moment

Item V H x y M
(tf/m) (tf/m) (m) (m) (tf.m/m) acting point of resultant force
Self weight top slab 1.9260 - 1.1500 - 2.2149 X = SM/SV = 1.1500 m
side wall (left) 1.4400 - 0.0000 - 0.0000 e = B0/2 - X = 0.0000 m
side wall (right) 1.4400 - 2.3000 - 3.3120
invert 1.9260 - 1.1500 - 2.2149 ground reaction
load on top slab Pvd 12.4200 - 1.1500 - 14.2830 q1 = SV/Bo + 6SVe/Bo^2 = 10.5793
Pvt1 1.2254 - 1.1500 - 1.4092 q2 = SV/Bo - 6SVe/Bo^2 = 10.5793
Pvt2 0.0000 - 1.1500 - 0.0000
soil pressure side wall (left) - 7.2137 - 1.1457 8.2649
side wall (right) - -7.2137 - 1.1457 -8.2649
internal water 3.9550 - 1.1500 - 4.5483
uplift 0.0000 - 1.1500 - 0.0000
total 24.3324 27.9823

6) load against invert

Acting Load (tf/m2)
Pvd 5.4000
Pvt1 0.5328
Pvt2 0.0000
Wtop 0.8374
Ws 1.2522
total Pq= 8.0224

Summary of Load Calculation

Item Pv1 Ph1 Ph2 Pq Wsw q1

7/ 63 (1)362472412.xls, Load
Case (tf/m2) (tf/m2) (tf/m2) (tf/m2) (tf/m) (tf/m2)
Case.1 6.5704 3.1665 7.7665 7.8226 1.4400 5.7208
Case.2 6.7702 3.2664 7.8664 8.0224 1.4400 5.9206
Case.3 6.5704 3.0015 3.0715 7.8226 1.4400 10.3795
Case.4 6.7702 3.1014 3.1714 8.0224 1.4400 10.5793

8/ 63 (1)362472412.xls, Load
Class III Road

(> 0.25m)
(> 0.25m)
(> 0.25m)

9/ 63 (1)362472412.xls, Load
m

(3)
a) + c)
0.2664

10/ 63 (1)362472412.xls, Load

m

tf/m2
tf/m2

11/ 63 (1)362472412.xls, Load

m

tf/m2
tf/m2

12/ 63 (1)362472412.xls, Load

m

tf/m2
tf/m2

13/ 63 (1)362472412.xls, Load

m

tf/m2
tf/m2

14/ 63 (1)362472412.xls, Load

4 Analysis of Plane Frame

Case 1: Box Culvert Inside is Empty, Underground Water up to Top slab, Track load Case. L1

1) Calculation of Load Term

Ph1 Horizontal Pressure at top of side wall 3.166 tf/m2
Ph2 Horizontal Pressure at bottom of side wall 7.766 tf/m2
Pv1 Vertical Pressure(1) on top slab 6.570 tf/m2
Pv2 Vertical Pressure(2) on top slab 0.000 tf/m2
Pq Reaction to bottom slab 7.823 tf/m2
a Distance from joint B to far end of Pv2 2.300 m B (t2) C
b Distance from joint B to near end of Pv2 0.000 m
H0 Height of plane frame 2.300 m
H0 (t1) (t1)
B0 Width of plane frame 2.300 m
t1 Thickness of side wall 0.300 m
t2 Thickness of top slab 0.300 m A (t3) D
t3 Thickness of invert (bottom slab) 0.300 m
B0

CAB = CDC = (2Ph1+3Ph2)H02/60 = 2.61260 tfm

CBA = CCD = (3Ph1+2Ph2)H /60 0
2
= 2.20703 tfm
CBC = CCB = Pv1B02/12 + {(a2-b2)B02/2 - 2B0(a3-b3)/3 + (a4-b4)/4}Pv2/B02 = 2.89644 tfm
CDA = CAD = PqB /12 0
2
= 3.44844 tfm

2) Calculation of Bending Moment at joint

k1 = 1.0
k2 = H0t2 /(B0t1 ) =
3 3
1.0000
k3 = H0t /(B0t1 ) =
3
3 3
1.0000

2(k1+k3) k1 0 k3 -3k1 qA CAB - CAD

k1 2(k1+k2) k2 0 -3k1 qB CBC - CBA
0 k2 2(k1+k2) k1 -3k1 qC = CCD - CCB
k3 0 k1 2(k1+k3) -3k1 qD CDA - CDC
k1 k1 k1 k1 -4k1 R 0

As load has bilateral symmetry, the equation shown below is formed.

qA = -qD qB = -qC R =0

2k1+k3 k1 qA CAB - CAD

=
k1 2k1+k2 qB CBC - CBA

3.0000 1.0 qA -0.83584694

=
1.0 3.0000 qB 0.68941361

By solving above equation, the result is led as shown below.

15/63 (2)362472412.xlsMSN
qA = -0.39962 qC = -0.36301
qB = 0.36301 qD = 0.39962

16/63 (2)362472412.xlsMSN
 MAB = k1(2qA +qB) - CAB
MBA = k1(2qB+qA)+CBA
MBC = k2(2qB+qC) - CBC
MCB = k2(2qC+qB)+CCB
MCD = k1(2qC+qD) - CCD
MDC =k1 (2qD+ qC)+CDC
MDA = k3(2qD+qA) - CDA
MAD = k3(2qA+qD)+CAD
= -3.0488 tfm
= 2.5334 tfm
= -2.5334 tfm
= 2.5334 tfm
= -2.5334 tfm
= 3.0488 tfm
= -3.0488 tfm
= 3.0488 tfm

2) Calculation of Design Force

2-1) Side Wall in left
a) Shearing Force at joint MBA
w2 w1
w1 Load at end A 7.766 tf/m2 w1 w1
w2 Load at end B 3.166 tf/m2 w1 B
w1
MAB Bending moment at end A -3.0488 tfm w1
MBA Bending moment at end B 2.5334 tfm
L
L Length of member (=H0) 2.300 m x
ch Protective covering height 0.060 m w
t Thickness of member (height) 0.300 m 1
A w
d Effective height of member 0.240 m
w1 1
SAB = (2w1+w2)L/6 - (MAB+MBA)/L w1
w1 MAB
= 7.392 tf
SBA = SAB - L(w1+w2)/2 = -5.181 tf

b) Shearing Force at 2d point from joint

Shearing force at the point with a distance of 2d from joint is calculated by following equation.
Sx = SAB - w1x - (w2 - w1)x2/(2L)

(i) In case of x1 = 0.480 m

Sx1 = 3.895 tf
(ii) In case of x2 = 1.820 m
Sx2 = -3.430 tf

c) Bending Moment
MA = MAB = -3.049 tfm
MB = -MBA = -2.533 tfm

The maximum bending moment occurs at the point of that shearing force equal to zero.
Sx = 0 = SAB - w1x - (w2 - w1)x2/(2L)
= 7.3922 -7.7665 x + 1.0000 x2 , x = 6.656
1.111
Bending moment at x 1.1106 m is;
Mmax = SABx - w1x /2 - (w2-w1)x /(6L) + MAB
2 3
= 0.828 tfm

17/63 (2)362472412.xlsMSN
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2-2) Top Slab
a) Shearing Force at joint

w1 Uniform load 6.570 tf/m2

a
w2 Uniform load 0.000 tf/m2 b
a Distance from end B to near end of 0.000 m
b Length of uniform load w2 2.300 m
MBC Bending moment at end B -2.5334 tfm w2
MCB Bending moment at end C 2.5334 tfm
L Length of member (=Bo) 2.300 m w1
ch Protective covering height 0.060 m
t Thickness of member (height) 0.300 m B C
d Effective height of member 0.240 m
MBC x MCB
SBC = (w1L+w2b)/2-(MBC+MCB)/L = 7.556 tf L
SCB = SBC -w1L - w2b = -7.556 tf

b) Shearing Force at 2d point from joint

Shearing force at the point with a distance of 2d from joint is calculated by following equation.

Sx = SBC - w1x - w2(x-a) in case of 0.000 m <= x <= 2.300 m

(i) In case of x1 = 0.480 m

Sx1 = 4.402 tf
(ii) In case of x2 = 1.820 m
Sx2 = -4.402 tf

c) Bending Moment
MB = MBC = -2.533 tfm
MC = -MCB = -2.533 tfm

The maximum bending moment occurs at the center of member due to symmetry loading distribution.
Bending moment at x 1.150 m is;
Mmax = SBCx - w1x /2 - w2(x-a)2/2 + MBC
2
= 1.811 tfm

2-3) Side Wall in right

a) Shearing Force at joint

w1 Load at end C 3.166 tf/m2 MCD

w2 Load at end D 7.766 tf/m 2

w1
MCD Bending moment at end C -2.5334 tfm C
MDC Bending moment at end D 3.0488 tfm L x
L Length of member (=H0) 2.300 m
ch Protective covering height 0.060 m D w2
t Thickness of member (height) 0.300 m
d Effective height of member 0.240 m MDC

SCD = (2w1+w2)L/6 - (MCD+MDC)/L

= 5.181 tf
SDC = SCD - L(w1+w2)/2 = -7.392 tf

19/63 (2)362472412.xlsMSN
20/63 (2)362472412.xlsMSN
 b) Shearing Force at 2d point from joint
Shearing force at the point with a distance of 2d from joint is calculated by following equation.
Sx = SCD - w1x - (w2 - w1)x2/(2L)

(i) In case of x1 = 0.480 m

Sx1 = 3.430 tf
(ii) In case of x2 = 1.820 m
Sx2 = -3.895 tf

c) Bending Moment
MC = MCD = -2.533 tfm
MD = -MDC = -3.049 tfm

The maximum bending moment occurs at the point of that shearing force equal to zero.
Sx = 0 = SCD - w1x - (w2 - w1)x2/(2L)
= 5.1807 -3.1665 x -1.0000 x2 , x = -4.356
1.189
Bending moment at x 1.1894 m is;
Mmax = SCDx - w1x /2 - (w2-w1)x3/(6L) + MCD
2
= 0.82787 tfm

2-4) Bottom Slab

a) Shearing Force at joint

w1 Reaction at end D 7.823 tf/m2

w2 Reaction at end A 7.823 tf/m2 L
MDA Bending moment at end B -3.04882 tfm MAD x MDA
MAD Bending moment at end C 3.04882 tfm
L Length of member (=B0) 2.300 m A D
ch Protective covering height 0.060 m
t Thickness of member (height) 0.300 m
d Effective height of member 0.240 m w2 w1

SDA = (2w1+w2)L/6 - (MDA+MAD)/L

= 8.996 tf
SAD = SDA - L(w1+w2)/2 = -8.996 tf

b) Shearing Force at 2d point from joint

Shearing force at the point with a distance of 2d from joint is calculated by following equation.
Sx = SDA- w1x - (w2 - w1)x2/(2L)
(i) In case of x1 = 0.480 m
Sx1 = 5.241 tf
(ii) In case of x2 = 1.820 m
Sx2 = -5.241 tf

c) Bending Moment
MD = MDA = -3.049 tfm
MA = -MAD = -3.049 tfm
The maximum bending moment occurs at the point of that shearing force equal to zero.
Sx = 0 = SDA - w1x - (w2 - w1)x2/(2L)
= 8.9959 -7.8226 x , x = 1.150

21/63 (2)362472412.xlsMSN
Bending moment at x 1.1500 m is;
Mmax = SDAx - w1x /2 - (w2-w1)x3/(6L) + MDA
2
= 2.124 tfm

22/63 (2)362472412.xlsMSN
Case 2: Box Culvert Inside is Empty, Underground Water up to Top slab, Track load Case. L2

1) Calculation of Load Term

Ph1 Horizontal Pressure at top of side wall 3.266 tf/m2
Ph2 Horizontal Pressure at bottom of side wall 7.866 tf/m2
Pv1 Vertical Pressure(1) on top slab 6.770 tf/m2
Pv2 Vertical Pressure(2) on top slab 0.000 tf/m2
Pq Reaction to bottom slab 8.022 tf/m2
a Distance from joint B to far end of Pv2 2.300 m B (t2) C
b Distance from joint B to near end of Pv2 0.000 m
H0 Height of plane frame 2.300 m
H0 (t1) (t1)
B0 Width of plane frame 2.300 m
t1 Thickness of side wall 0.300 m
t2 Thickness of top slab 0.300 m A (t3) D
t3 Thickness of invert (bottom slab) 0.300 m
B0

CAB = CDC = (2Ph1+3Ph2)H02/60 = 2.65664 tfm

CBA = CCD = (3Ph1+2Ph2)H /60 0
2
= 2.25107 tfm
CBC = CCB = Pv1B0 /12 + {(a -b )B /2 - 2B0(a -b )/3 + (a -b )/4}Pv2/B
2 2 2
0
2 3 3 4 4
0
2
= 2.98452 tfm
CDA = CAD = PqB /120
2
= 3.53652 tfm

2) Calculation of Bending Moment at joint

k1 = 1.0
k2 = H0t23/(B0t13) = 1.00000
k3 = H0t33/(B0t13) = 1.00000

2(k1+k3) k1 0 k3 -3k1 qA CAB - CAD

k1 2(k1+k2) k2 0 -3k1 qB CBC - CBA
0 k2 2(k1+k2) k1 -3k1 qC = CCD - CCB
k3 0 k1 2(k1+k3) -3k1 qD CDA - CDC
k1 k1 k1 k1 -4k1 R 0

As load has bilateral symmetry, the equation shown below is formed.

qA = -qD qB = -qC R =0

2k1+k3 k1 qA CAB - CAD

=
k1 2k1+k2 qB CBC - CBA

3.0000 1.0 qA -0.87988511

=
1.0 3.0000 qB 0.73345178

By solving above equation, the result is led as shown below.

qA = -0.42164 qC = -0.38503
qB = 0.38503 qD = 0.42164

23/63 (2)362472412.xlsMSN
24/63 (2)362472412.xlsMSN
 MAB = k1(2qA +qB) - CAB
MBA = k1(2qB+qA)+CBA
MBC = k2(2qB+qC) - CBC
MCB = k2(2qC+qB)+CCB
MCD = k1(2qC+qD) - CCD
MDC =k1 (2qD+ qC)+CDC
MDA = k3(2qD+qA) - CDA
MAD = k3(2qA+qD)+CAD
= -3.1149 tfm
= 2.5995 tfm
= -2.5995 tfm
= 2.5995 tfm
= -2.5995 tfm
= 3.1149 tfm
= -3.1149 tfm
= 3.1149 tfm

2) Calculation of Design Force

2-1) Side Wall in left
a) Shearing Force at joint MBA
w2 w1
w1 Load at end A 7.866 tf/m2 w1
w1
w2 Load at end B 3.266 tf/m2 w1 B
w1
MAB Bending moment at end A -3.1149 tfm w1
MBA Bending moment at end B 2.5995 tfm
L
L Length of member (=H0) 2.300 m x
ch Protective covering height 0.060 m w
t Thickness of member (height) 0.300 m 1
A w
d Effective height of member 0.240 m
w1 1
SAB = (2w1+w2)L/6 - (MAB+MBA)/L w1
w1 MAB
= 7.5071 tf
SBA = SAB - L(w1+w2)/2 = -5.2956 tf

b) Shearing Force at 2d point from joint

Shearing force at the point with a distance of 2d from joint is calculated by following equation.
Sx = SAB - w1x - (w2 - w1)x2/(2L)

(i) In case of x1 = 0.480 m

Sx1 = 3.962 tf
(ii) In case of x2 = 1.82 m
Sx2 = -3.497 tf

c) Bending Moment
MA = MAB = -3.115 tfm
MB = -MBA = -2.599 tfm

The maximum bending moment occurs at the point of that shearing force equal to zero.
Sx = 0 = SAB - w1x - (w2 - w1)x2/(2L)
= 7.5071 -7.8664 x + 1.0000 x2 , x = 6.755
1.111
Bending moment at x 1.1113 m is;
Mmax = SABx - w1x /2 - (w2-w1)x /(6L) + MAB
2 3
= 0.828 tfm

25/63 (2)362472412.xlsMSN
26/63 (2)362472412.xlsMSN
2-2) Top Slab
a) Shearing Force at joint

w1 Uniform load 6.770 tf/m2

a
w2 Uniform load 0.000 tf/m2 b
a Distance from end B to near end of 0.000 m
b Length of uniform load w2 2.300 m
MBC Bending moment at end B -2.5995 tfm w2
MCB Bending moment at end C 2.5995 tfm
L Length of member (=Bo) 2.300 m w1
ch Protective covering height 0.060 m
t Thickness of member (height) 0.300 m B C
d Effective height of member 0.240 m
MBC x MCB
SBC = (w1L+w2b)/2-(MBC+MCB)/L = 7.786 tf L
SCB = SBC -w1L - w2b = -7.786 tf

b) Shearing Force at 2d point from joint

Shearing force at the point with a distance of 2d from joint is calculated by following equation.

Sx = SBC - w1x - w2(x-a) in case of 0.000 m <= x <= 2.300 m

(i) In case of x1 = 0.480 m

Sx1 = 4.536 tf
(ii) In case of x2 = 1.820 m
Sx2 = -4.536 tf

c) Bending Moment
MB = MBC = -2.599 tfm
MC = -MCB = -2.599 tfm

The maximum bending moment occurs at the center of member due to symmetry loading distribution.
Bending moment at x 1.150 m is;
Mmax = SBCx - w1x2/2 - w2(x-a)2/2 + MBC = 1.877 tfm

2-3) Side Wall in right

a) Shearing Force at joint

w1 Load at end C 3.266 tf/m2 MCD

w2 Load at end D 7.866 tf/m2
w1
MCD Bending moment at end C -2.5995 tfm C
MDC Bending moment at end D 3.1149 tfm L x
L Length of member (=H0) 2.300 m
D w2
ch Protective covering height 0.060 m
t Thickness of member (height) 0.300 m
d Effective height of member 0.240 m MDC

SCD = (2w1+w2)L/6 - (MCD+MDC)/L

= 5.296 tf

27/63 (2)362472412.xlsMSN
SDC = SCD - L(w1+w2)/2 = -7.507 tf

28/63 (2)362472412.xlsMSN
 b) Shearing Force at 2d point from joint
Shearing force at the point with a distance of 2d from joint is calculated by following equation.
Sx = SCD - w1x - (w2 - w1)x2/(2L)
(i) In case of x1 = 0.480 m
Sx1 = 3.497 tf
(ii) In case of x2 = 1.820 m
Sx2 = -3.962 tf

c) Bending Moment
MC = MCD = -2.599 tfm
MD = -MDC = -3.115 tfm

The maximum bending moment occurs at the point of that shearing force equal to zero.
Sx = 0 = SCD - w1x - (w2 - w1)x2/(2L)
= 5.2956 -3.2664 x -1.0000 x2 , x = -4.4551
1.1887
Bending moment at x 1.1887 m is;
Mmax = SCDx - w1x /2 - (w2-w1)x3/(6L) + MCD
2
= 0.8278 tfm

2-4) Bottom Slab

a) Shearing Force at joint

w1 Reaction at end D 8.022 tf/m2

w2 Reaction at end A 8.022 tf/m2 L
MDA Bending moment at end B -3.1149 tfm MAD x MDA
MAD Bending moment at end C 3.1149 tfm
L Length of member (=B0) 2.300 m A D
ch Protective covering height 0.060 m
t Thickness of member (height) 0.300 m
d Effective height of member 0.240 m w2 w1

SDA = (2w1+w2)L/6 - (MDA+MAD)/L

= 9.226 tf
SAD = SDA - L(w1+w2)/2 = -9.226 tf

b) Shearing Force at 2d point from joint

Shearing force at the point with a distance of 2d from joint is calculated by following equation.
Sx = SDA- w1x - (w2 - w1)x2/(2L)
(i) In case of x1 = 0.480 m
Sx1 = 5.375 tf
(ii) In case of x2 = 1.820 m
Sx2 = -5.375 tf

c) Bending Moment
MD = MDA = -3.115 tfm
MA = -MAD = -3.115 tfm
The maximum bending moment occurs at the point of that shearing force equal to zero.
Sx = 0 = SDA - w1x - (w2 - w1)x2/(2L)
= 9.2257 -8.0224 x , x = 1.1500

29/63 (2)362472412.xlsMSN
Bending moment at x 1.1500 m is;
Mmax = SDAx - w1x /2 - (w2-w1)x3/(6L) + MDA
2
= 2.190 tfm

30/63 (2)362472412.xlsMSN
Case 3: Box Culvert Inside is Full, Underground Water up to invert, Track load Case. L1

1) Calculation of Load Term

Ph1 Horizontal Pressure at top of side wall 3.001 tf/m2
Ph2 Horizontal Pressure at bottom of side wall 3.071 tf/m2
Pv1 Vertical Pressure(1) on top slab 6.570 tf/m2
Pv2 Vertical Pressure(2) on top slab 0.000 tf/m2
Pq Reaction to bottom slab 7.823 tf/m2
a Distance from joint B to far end of Pv2 2.300 m B (t2) C
b Distance from joint B to near end of Pv2 0.000 m
H0 Height of plane frame 2.300 m
H0 (t1) (t1)
B0 Width of plane frame 2.300 m
t1 Thickness of side wall 0.300 m
t2 Thickness of top slab 0.300 m A (t3) D
t3 Thickness of invert (bottom slab) 0.300 m
B0

CAB = CDC = (2Ph1+3Ph2)H02/60 = 1.34167 tfm

CBA = CCD = (3Ph1+2Ph2)H /60 0
2
= 1.33550 tfm
CBC = CCB = Pv1B0 /12 + {(a -b )B /2 - 2B0(a -b )/3 + (a -b )/4}Pv2/B
2 2 2
0
2 3 3 4 4
0
2
= 2.89644 tfm
CDA = CAD = PqB /120
2
= 3.44844 tfm

2) Calculation of Bending Moment at joint

k1 = 1.0
k2 = H0t23/(B0t13) = 1.00000
k3 = H0t33/(B0t13) = 1.00000

2(k1+k3) k1 0 k3 -3k1 qA CAB - CAD

k1 2(k1+k2) k2 0 -3k1 qB CBC - CBA
0 k2 2(k1+k2) k1 -3k1 qC = CCD - CCB
k3 0 k1 2(k1+k3) -3k1 qD CDA - CDC
k1 k1 k1 k1 -4k1 R 0

As load has bilateral symmetry, the equation shown below is formed.

qA = -qD qB = -qC R =0

2k1+k3 k1 qA CAB - CAD

=
k1 2k1+k2 qB CBC - CBA

3.0000 1.0 qA -2.10676944

=
1.0 3.0000 qB 1.56094111

By solving above equation, the result is led as shown below.

qA = -0.98516 qC = -0.84870
qB = 0.84870 qD = 0.98516

31/63 (2)362472412.xlsMSN
32/63 (2)362472412.xlsMSN
 MAB = k1(2qA +qB) - CAB = -2.46329 tfm
MBA = k1(2qB+qA)+CBA = 2.04774 tfm
MBC = k2(2qB+qC) - CBC = -2.04774 tfm
MCB = k2(2qC+qB)+CCB = 2.04774 tfm
MCD = k1(2qC+qD) - CCD = -2.04774 tfm
MDC =k1 (2qD+ qC)+CDC = 2.46329 tfm
MDA = k3(2qD+qA) - CDA = -2.46329 tfm
MAD = k3(2qA+qD)+CAD = 2.46329 tfm

2) Calculation of Design Force

2-1) Side Wall in left
a) Shearing Force at joint MBA
w2 w1
w1 Load at end A 3.071 tf/m2 w1
w1
w2 Load at end B 3.001 tf/m2 w1 B
w1
MAB Bending moment at end A -2.4633 tfm w1
MBA Bending moment at end B 2.0477 tfm
L
L Length of member (=H0) 2.300 m x
ch Protective covering height 0.060 m w
t Thickness of member (height) 0.300 m 1
A w
d Effective height of member 0.240 m
w1 1
SAB = (2w1+w2)L/6 - (MAB+MBA)/L w1
w1 MAB
= 3.686 tf
SBA = SAB - L(w1+w2)/2 = -3.298 tf

b) Shearing Force at 2d point from joint

Shearing force at the point with a distance of 2d from joint is calculated by following equation.
Sx = SAB - w1x - (w2 - w1)x2/(2L)

(i) In case of x1 = 0.480 m

Sx1 = 2.215 tf
(ii) In case of x2 = 1.820 m
Sx2 = -1.854 tf

c) Bending Moment
MA = MAB = -2.463 tfm
MB = -MBA = -2.048 tfm

The maximum bending moment occurs at the point of that shearing force equal to zero.
Sx = 0 = SAB - w1x - (w2 - w1)x2/(2L)
= 3.6861 -3.0715 x + 0.0152 x2 , x = 200.634
1.207
Bending moment at x 1.2073 m is;
Mmax = SABx - w1x2/2 - (w2-w1)x3/(6L) + MAB = -0.243 tfm

33/63 (2)362472412.xlsMSN
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2-2) Top Slab
a) Shearing Force at joint

w1 Uniform load 6.570 tf/m2

a
w2 Uniform load 0.000 tf/m2 b
a Distance from end B to near end of 0.000 m
b Length of uniform load w2 2.300 m
MBC Bending moment at end B -2.048 tfm w2
MCB Bending moment at end C 2.048 tfm
L Length of member (=Bo) 2.300 m w1
ch Protective covering height 0.060 m
t Thickness of member (height) 0.300 m B C
d Effective height of member 0.240 m
MBC x MCB
SBC = (w1L+w2b)/2-(MBC+MCB)/L = 7.556 tf L
SCB = SBC -w1L - w2b = -7.556 tf

b) Shearing Force at 2d point from joint

Shearing force at the point with a distance of 2d from joint is calculated by following equation.

Sx = SBC - w1x - w2(x-a) in case of 0.000 m <= x <= 2.300 m

(i) In case of x1 = 0.480 m

Sx1 = 4.402 tf
(ii) In case of x2 = 1.820 m
Sx2 = -4.402 tf

c) Bending Moment
MB = MBC = -2.048 tfm
MC = -MCB = -2.048 tfm

The maximum bending moment occurs at the center of member due to symmetry loading distribution.
Bending moment at x 1.150 m is;
Mmax = SBCx - w1x2/2 - w2(x-a)2/2 + MBC = 2.297 tfm

2-3) Side Wall in right

a) Shearing Force at joint

w1 Load at end C 3.001 tf/m2 MCD

w2 Load at end D 3.071 tf/m 2

w1
MCD Bending moment at end C -2.048 tfm C
MDC Bending moment at end D 2.463 tfm L x
L Length of member (=H0) 2.300 m
D w2
ch Protective covering height 0.060 m
t Thickness of member (height) 0.300 m
d Effective height of member 0.240 m MDC

SCD = (2w1+w2)L/6 - (MCD+MDC)/L

= 3.298 tf

35/63 (2)362472412.xlsMSN
SDC = SCD - L(w1+w2)/2 = -3.686 tf

36/63 (2)362472412.xlsMSN
 b) Shearing Force at 2d point from joint
Shearing force at the point with a distance of 2d from joint is calculated by following equation.
Sx = SCD - w1x - (w2 - w1)x2/(2L)
(i) In case of x1 = 0.480 m
Sx1 = 1.854 tf
(ii) In case of x2 = 1.820 m
Sx2 = -2.215 tf

c) Bending Moment
MC = MCD = -2.048 tfm
MD = -MDC = -2.463 tfm

The maximum bending moment occurs at the point of that shearing force equal to zero.
Sx = 0 = SCD - w1x - (w2 - w1)x2/(2L)
= 3.2979 -3.0015 x -0.0152 x2 , x = -198.33
1.093
Bending moment at x 1.0927 m is;
Mmax = SCDx - w1x /2 - (w2-w1)x3/(6L) + MCD
2
= -0.243 tfm

2-4) Bottom Slab

a) Shearing Force at joint

w1 Reaction at end D 7.823 tf/m2

w2 Reaction at end A 7.823 tf/m2 L
MDA Bending moment at end B -2.463 tfm MAD x MDA
MAD Bending moment at end C 2.463 tfm
L Length of member (=B0) 2.300 m A D
ch Protective covering height 0.060 m
t Thickness of member (height) 0.300 m
d Effective height of member 0.240 m w2 w1

SDA = (2w1+w2)L/6 - (MDA+MAD)/L

= 8.996 tf
SAD = SDA - L(w1+w2)/2 = -8.996 tf

b) Shearing Force at 2d point from joint

Shearing force at the point with a distance of 2d from joint is calculated by following equation.
Sx = SDA- w1x - (w2 - w1)x2/(2L)
(i) In case of x1 = 0.480 m
Sx1 = 5.241 tf
(ii) In case of x2 = 1.820 m
Sx2 = -5.241 tf

c) Bending Moment
MD = MDA = -2.463 tfm
MA = -MAD = -2.463 tfm
The maximum bending moment occurs at the point of that shearing force equal to zero.
Sx = 0 = SDA - w1x - (w2 - w1)x2/(2L)
= 8.9959 -7.8226 x , x = 1.150

37/63 (2)362472412.xlsMSN
Bending moment at x 1.1500 m is;
Mmax = SDAx - w1x /2 - (w2-w1)x3/(6L) + MDA
2
= 2.709 tfm

38/63 (2)362472412.xlsMSN
Case 4: Box Culvert Inside is Full, Underground Water up to invert, Track load Case. L2

1) Calculation of Load Term

Ph1 Horizontal Pressure at top of side wall 3.101 tf/m2
Ph2 Horizontal Pressure at bottom of side wall 3.171 tf/m2
Pv1 Vertical Pressure(1) on top slab 6.770 tf/m2
Pv2 Vertical Pressure(2) on top slab 0.000 tf/m2
Pq Reaction to bottom slab 8.022 tf/m2
a Distance from joint B to far end of Pv2 2.300 m B (t2) C
b Distance from joint B to near end of Pv2 0.000 m
H0 Height of plane frame 2.300 m
H0 (t1) (t1)
B0 Width of plane frame 2.300 m
t1 Thickness of side wall 0.300 m
t2 Thickness of top slab 0.300 m A (t3) D
t3 Thickness of invert (bottom slab) 0.300 m
B0

CAB = CDC = (2Ph1+3Ph2)H02/60 = 1.38571 tfm

CBA = CCD = (3Ph1+2Ph2)H /60 0
2
= 1.37954 tfm
CBC = CCB = Pv1B02/12 + {(a2-b2)B02/2 - 2B0(a3-b3)/3 + (a4-b4)/4}Pv2/B02 = 2.98452 tfm
CDA = CAD = PqB /120
2
= 3.53652 tfm

2) Calculation of Bending Moment at joint

k1 = 1.0
k2 = H0t23/(B0t13) = 1.00000
k3 = H0t33/(B0t13) = 1.00000

2(k1+k3) k1 0 k3 -3k1 qA CAB - CAD

k1 2(k1+k2) k2 0 -3k1 qB CBC - CBA
0 k2 2(k1+k2) k1 -3k1 qC = CCD - CCB
k3 0 k1 2(k1+k3) -3k1 qD CDA - CDC
k1 k1 k1 k1 -4k1 R 0

As load has bilateral symmetry, the equation shown below is formed.

qA = -qD qB = -qC R =0

2k1+k3 k1 qA CAB - CAD

=
k1 2k1+k2 qB CBC - CBA

3.0000 1.0 qA -2.15080761

=
1.0 3.0000 qB 1.60497928

By solving above equation, the result is led as shown below.

qA = -1.00718 qC = -0.87072
qB = 0.87072 qD = 1.00718

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40/63 (2)362472412.xlsMSN
 MAB = k1(2qA +qB) - CAB = -2.52934 tfm
MBA = k1(2qB+qA)+CBA = 2.11380 tfm
MBC = k2(2qB+qC) - CBC = -2.11380 tfm
MCB = k2(2qC+qB)+CCB = 2.11380 tfm
MCD = k1(2qC+qD) - CCD = -2.11380 tfm
MDC =k1 (2qD+ qC)+CDC = 2.52934 tfm
MDA = k3(2qD+qA) - CDA = -2.52934 tfm
MAD = k3(2qA+qD)+CAD = 2.52934 tfm

2) Calculation of Design Force

2-1) Side Wall in left
a) Shearing Force at joint MBA
w2 w1
w1 Load at end A 3.171 tf/m2 w1
w1
w2 Load at end B 3.101 tf/m2 w1 B
w1
MAB Bending moment at end A -2.529 tfm w1
MBA Bending moment at end B 2.114 tfm
L
L Length of member (=H0) 2.300 m x
ch Protective covering height 0.060 m w
t Thickness of member (height) 0.300 m 1
A w
d Effective height of member 0.240 m
w1 1
SAB = (2w1+w2)L/6 - (MAB+MBA)/L w1
w1 MAB
= 3.801 tf
SBA = SAB - L(w1+w2)/2 = -3.413 tf

b) Shearing Force at 2d point from joint

Shearing force at the point with a distance of 2d from joint is calculated by following equation.
Sx = SAB - w1x - (w2 - w1)x2/(2L)

(i) In case of x1 = 0.480 m

Sx1 = 2.282 tf
(ii) In case of x2 = 1.82 m
Sx2 = -1.921 tf

c) Bending Moment
MA = MAB = -2.529 tfm
MB = -MBA = -2.114 tfm

The maximum bending moment occurs at the point of that shearing force equal to zero.
Sx = 0 = SAB - w1x - (w2 - w1)x2/(2L)
= 3.8009 -3.1714 x + 0.0152 x2 , x = 207.200
1.205
Bending moment at x 1.2055 m is;
Mmax = SABx - w1x2/2 - (w2-w1)x3/(6L) + MAB = -0.243 tfm

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42/63 (2)362472412.xlsMSN
2-2) Top Slab
a) Shearing Force at joint

w1 Uniform load 6.770 tf/m2

a
w2 Uniform load 0.000 tf/m2 b
a Distance from end B to near end of 0.000 m
b Length of uniform load w2 2.300 m
MBC Bending moment at end B -2.114 tfm w2
MCB Bending moment at end C 2.114 tfm
L Length of member (=Bo) 2.300 m w1
ch Protective covering height 0.060 m
t Thickness of member (height) 0.300 m B C
d Effective height of member 0.240 m
MBC x MCB
SBC = (w1L+w2b)/2-(MBC+MCB)/L = 7.786 tf L
SCB = SBC -w1L - w2b = -7.786 tf

b) Shearing Force at 2d point from joint

Shearing force at the point with a distance of 2d from joint is calculated by following equation.

Sx = SBC - w1x - w2(x-a) in case of 0.000 m <= x <= 2.300 m

(i) In case of x1 = 0.480 m

Sx1 = 4.536 tf
(ii) In case of x2 = 1.820 m
Sx2 = -4.536 tf

c) Bending Moment
MB = MBC = -2.114 tfm
MC = -MCB = -2.114 tfm

The maximum bending moment occurs at the center of member due to symmetry loading distribution.
Bending moment at x 1.150 m is;
Mmax = SBCx - w1x2/2 - w2(x-a)2/2 + MBC = 2.363 tfm

2-3) Side Wall in right

a) Shearing Force at joint

w1 Load at end C 3.101 tf/m2 MCD

w2 Load at end D 3.171 tf/m2
w1
MCD Bending moment at end C -2.114 tfm C
MDC Bending moment at end D 2.529 tfm L x
L Length of member (=H0) 2.300 m
D w2
ch Protective covering height 0.060 m
t Thickness of member (height) 0.300 m
d Effective height of member 0.240 m MDC

SCD = (2w1+w2)L/6 - (MCD+MDC)/L

= 3.413 tf

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SDC = SCD - L(w1+w2)/2 = -3.801 tf

44/63 (2)362472412.xlsMSN
 b) Shearing Force at 2d point from joint
Shearing force at the point with a distance of 2d from joint is calculated by following equation.
Sx = SCD - w1x - (w2 - w1)x2/(2L)
(i) In case of x1 = 0.480 m
Sx1 = 1.9206 tf
(ii) In case of x2 = 1.820 m
Sx2 = -2.2822 tf

c) Bending Moment
MC = MCD = -2.114 tfm
MD = -MDC = -2.529 tfm

The maximum bending moment occurs at the point of that shearing force equal to zero.
Sx = 0 = SCD - w1x - (w2 - w1)x2/(2L)
= 3.4128 -3.1014 x -0.0152 x2 , x = -204.9
1.095
Bending moment at x 1.0945 m is;
Mmax = SCDx - w1x /2 - (w2-w1)x3/(6L) + MCD
2
= -0.243 tfm

2-4) Bottom Slab

a) Shearing Force at joint

w1 Reaction at end D 8.022 tf/m2

w2 Reaction at end A 8.022 tf/m2 L
MDA Bending moment at end B -2.529 tfm MAD x MDA
MAD Bending moment at end C 2.529 tfm
L Length of member (=B0) 2.300 m A D
ch Protective covering height 0.060 m
t Thickness of member (height) 0.300 m
d Effective height of member 0.240 m w2 w1

SDA = (2w1+w2)L/6 - (MDA+MAD)/L

= 9.226 tf
SAD = SDA - L(w1+w2)/2 = -9.226 tf

b) Shearing Force at 2d point from joint

Shearing force at the point with a distance of 2d from joint is calculated by following equation.
Sx = SDA- w1x - (w2 - w1)x2/(2L)
(i) In case of x1 = 0.480 m
Sx1 = 5.375 tf
(ii) In case of x2 = 1.820 m
Sx2 = -5.375 tf

c) Bending Moment
MD = MDA = -2.529 tfm
MA = -MAD = -2.529 tfm
The maximum bending moment occurs at the point of that shearing force equal to zero.
Sx = 0 = SDA - w1x - (w2 - w1)x2/(2L)
= 9.2257 -8.0224 x , x = 1.150

45/63 (2)362472412.xlsMSN
Bending moment at x 1.1500 m is;
Mmax = SDAx - w1x /2 - (w2-w1)x3/(6L) + MDA
2
= 2.775 tfm

46/63 (2)362472412.xlsMSN
Summary of Internal forces

Check M N S (tf)
Member Case
Point (tfm) (tf) at joint at 2d
Side wall A -3.049 8.996 7.392 3.895
(left) Case.1 Middle 0.828 8.301 0.000 -
B -2.533 7.556 -5.181 -3.430
A -3.115 9.226 7.507 3.962
Case.2 Middle 0.828 8.530 0.000 -
B -2.599 7.786 -5.296 -3.497
A -2.463 8.996 3.686 2.215
Case.3 Middle -0.243 8.240 0.000 -
B -2.048 7.556 -3.298 -1.854
A -2.529 9.226 3.801 2.282
Case.4 Middle -0.243 8.471 0.000 -
B -2.114 7.786 -3.413 -1.921
Top slab B -2.533 5.181 7.556 4.402
Case.1 Middle 1.811 5.181 0.000 -
C -2.533 5.181 -7.556 -4.402
B -2.599 5.296 7.786 4.536
Case.2 Middle 1.877 5.296 0.000 -
C -2.599 5.296 -7.786 -4.536
B -2.048 3.298 7.556 4.402
Case.3 Middle 2.297 3.298 0.000 -
C -2.048 3.298 -7.556 -4.402
B -2.114 3.413 7.786 4.536
Case.4 Middle 2.363 3.413 0.000 -
C -2.114 3.413 -7.786 -4.536
Side wall C -2.533 7.556 5.181 3.430
(right) Case.1 Middle 0.828 8.301 0.000 -
D -3.049 8.996 -7.392 -3.895
C -2.599 7.786 5.296 3.497
Case.2 Middle 0.828 8.530 0.000 -
D -3.115 9.226 -7.507 -3.962
C -2.048 7.556 3.298 1.854
Case.3 Middle -0.243 8.240 0.000 -
D -2.463 8.996 -3.686 -2.215
C -2.114 7.786 3.413 1.921
Case.4 Middle -0.243 8.471 0.000 -
D -2.529 9.226 -3.801 -2.282
Invert D -3.049 7.392 8.996 5.241
Case.1 Middle 2.124 7.392 0.000 -
A -3.049 7.392 -8.996 -5.241
D -3.115 7.507 9.226 5.375
Case.2 Middle 2.190 7.507 0.000 -
A -3.115 7.507 -9.226 -5.375
D -2.463 3.686 8.996 5.241
Case.3 Middle 2.709 3.686 0.000 -
A -2.463 3.686 -8.996 -5.241
D -2.529 3.801 9.226 5.375
Case.4 Middle 2.775 3.801 0.000 -
A -2.529 3.801 -9.226 -5.375

47/63 (3)362472412.xlsSum MSN

5 Calculation of Required Reinforcement Bar
5-1 Calculation of Required Reinforcement Bar
1) At Joint "A"of side wall
Case.1
M= 3.0488 tfm sca = 60 kgf/m2 h= 30 cm (height of member)
N= 8.9959 tf ssa = 1400 kgf/m2 d= 24 cm (effective height of member)
S0= 7.3922 tf n= 24 d' = 6 cm (protective covering depth)
S2d= 3.8947 tf c= 9.00 cm (distance from neutral axis)
b= 100 cm
e = M/N = 33.89 cm
Solving the formula shown below, sc = 38.729 kgf/cm2 ( 0 kgf/cm2) o.k. h d
sc^3+{3ssa/(2n) - 3N(e+c)/(bd^2)}sc^2 - 6N(e+c)ssasc/(nbd^2) - 3N(e+c)ssa^2/(n^2bd^2) = 0 d
0 = sc^3 +67.4 sc^2 -2344.6 sc -68382.70 1
s = nsc/(nsc+ssa) = 0.3990
Asreq = (sc*s/2 - N/(bd))bd/ssa = 6.8199 cm2

Case.2
M= 3.1149 tfm sca = 60 kgf/m2 h= 30 cm (height of member)
N= 9.2257 tf ssa = 1400 kgf/m2 d= 24 cm (effective height of member)
S0= 7.5071 tf n= 24 d' = 6 cm (protective covering depth)
S2d= 3.9616 tf c= 9.00 cm (distance from neutral axis)
b= 100 cm
e = M/N = 33.76 cm
Solving the formula shown below, sc = 39.304 kgf/cm2 ( 4.1E-06 kgf/cm2) o.k.
sc^3+{3ssa/(2n) - 3N(e+c)/(bd^2)}sc^2 - 6N(e+c)ssasc/(nbd^2) - 3N(e+c)ssa^2/(n^2bd^2) = 0
0 = sc^3 +66.95 sc^2 -2397.3 sc -69919.91
s = nsc/(nsc+ssa) = 0.4026
Asreq = (sc*s/2 - N/(bd))bd/ssa = 6.9718 cm2

Case.3
M= 2.4633 tfm sca = 60 kgf/m2 h= 30 cm (height of member)
N= 8.9959 tf ssa = 1400 kgf/m2 d= 24 cm (effective height of member)
S0= 3.6861 tf n= 24 d' = 6 cm (protective covering depth)
S2d= 2.2152 tf c= 9.00 cm (distance from neutral axis)
b= 100 cm
e = M/N = 27.38 cm
Solving the formula shown below, sc = 34.762 kgf/cm2 ( 0 kgf/cm2) o.k.
sc^3+{3ssa/(2n) - 3N(e+c)/(bd^2)}sc^2 - 6N(e+c)ssasc/(nbd^2) - 3N(e+c)ssa^2/(n^2bd^2) = 0
0 = sc^3 +70.45 sc^2 -1988.8 sc -58005.35
s = nsc/(nsc+ssa) = 0.3734
Asreq = (sc*s/2 - N/(bd))bd/ssa = 4.7003 cm2

Case.4
M= 2.5293 tfm sca = 60 kgf/m2 h= 30 cm (height of member)
N= 9.2257 tf ssa = 1400 kgf/m2 d= 24 cm (effective height of member)
S0= 3.8009 tf n= 24 d' = 6 cm (protective covering depth)
S2d= 2.2822 tf c= 9.00 cm (distance from neutral axis)
b= 100 cm
e = M/N = 27.42 cm
Solving the formula shown below, sc = 35.359 kgf/cm2 ( 0 kgf/cm2) o.k.
sc^3+{3ssa/(2n) - 3N(e+c)/(bd^2)}sc^2 - 6N(e+c)ssasc/(nbd^2) - 3N(e+c)ssa^2/(n^2bd^2) = 0
0 = sc^3 +70 sc^2 -2041.5 sc -59542.56
s = nsc/(nsc+ssa) = 0.3774
Asreq = (sc*s/2 - N/(bd))bd/ssa = 4.8482 cm2

The maximum requirement of reinforcement bar is 6.9718 cm2 in Case2 from above calculation.

Case. 1 2 3 4
Requirement 6.8199 6.9718 4.7003 4.8482 (cm2)

2) At Joint "B"of side wall

Case.1
M= 2.5334 tfm sca = 60 kgf/m2 h= 30 cm (height of member)
N= 7.5559 tf ssa = 1400 kgf/m2 d= 24 cm (effective height of member)
S0= 5.1807 tf n= 24 d' = 6 cm (protective covering depth)
S2d= 3.4304 tf c= 9.00 cm (distance from neutral axis)
b= 100 cm
e = M/N = 33.53 cm
Solving the formula shown below, sc = 34.350 kgf/cm2 ( 0 kgf/cm2) o.k. h d
sc^3+{3ssa/(2n) - 3N(e+c)/(bd^2)}sc^2 - 6N(e+c)ssasc/(nbd^2) - 3N(e+c)ssa^2/(n^2bd^2) = 0 d
0 = sc^3 +70.76 sc^2 -1952.6 sc -56951.65 1
s = nsc/(nsc+ssa) = 0.3706
Asreq = (sc*s/2 - N/(bd))bd/ssa = 5.5151 cm2

Case.2
M= 2.5995 tfm sca = 60 kgf/m2 h= 30 cm (height of member)
N= 7.7857 tf ssa = 1400 kgf/m2 d= 24 cm (effective height of member)
S0= 5.2956 tf n= 24 d' = 6 cm (protective covering depth)
S2d= 3.4973 tf c= 9.00 cm (distance from neutral axis)

48/ 63 (4)362472412.xls, R-bar req

 b= 100 cm
e = M/N = 33.39 cm
Solving the formula shown below, sc = 34.950 kgf/cm2 ( 0 kgf/cm2) o.k.
sc^3+{3ssa/(2n) - 3N(e+c)/(bd^2)}sc^2 - 6N(e+c)ssasc/(nbd^2) - 3N(e+c)ssa^2/(n^2bd^2) = 0
0 = sc^3 +70.31 sc^2 -2005.3 sc -58488.85
s = nsc/(nsc+ssa) = 0.3747
Asreq = (sc*s/2 - N/(bd))bd/ssa = 5.6627 cm2

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 Case.3
M= 2.0477 tfm sca = 60 kgf/m2 h= 30 cm (height of member)
N= 7.5559 tf ssa = 1400 kgf/m2 d= 24 cm (effective height of member)
S0= 3.2979 tf n= 24 d' = 6 cm (protective covering depth)
S2d= 1.8537 tf c= 9.00 cm (distance from neutral axis)
b= 100 cm
e = M/N = 27.10 cm
Solving the formula shown below, sc = 30.914 kgf/cm2 ( 0 kgf/cm2) o.k.
sc^3+{3ssa/(2n) - 3N(e+c)/(bd^2)}sc^2 - 6N(e+c)ssasc/(nbd^2) - 3N(e+c)ssa^2/(n^2bd^2) = 0
0 = sc^3 +73.29 sc^2 -1657.5 sc -48343.89
s = nsc/(nsc+ssa) = 0.3464
Asreq = (sc*s/2 - N/(bd))bd/ssa = 3.7812 cm2

Case.4
M= 2.1138 tfm sca = 60 kgf/m2 h= 30 cm (height of member)
N= 7.7857 tf ssa = 1400 kgf/m2 d= 24 cm (effective height of member)
S0= 3.4128 tf n= 24 d' = 6 cm (protective covering depth)
S2d= 1.9206 tf c= 9.00 cm (distance from neutral axis)
b= 100 cm
e = M/N = 27.15 cm
Solving the formula shown below, sc = 31.538 kgf/cm2 ( 0 kgf/cm2) o.k.
sc^3+{3ssa/(2n) - 3N(e+c)/(bd^2)}sc^2 - 6N(e+c)ssasc/(nbd^2) - 3N(e+c)ssa^2/(n^2bd^2) = 0
0 = sc^3 +72.84 sc^2 -1710.2 sc -49881.10
s = nsc/(nsc+ssa) = 0.3509
Asreq = (sc*s/2 - N/(bd))bd/ssa = 3.9250 cm2

The maximum requirement of reinforcement bar is 5.6627 cm2 in Case2 from above calculation.

Case. 1 2 3 4
Requirement 5.5151 5.6627 3.7812 3.9250 (cm2)

3) At Joint "B"of top slab

Case.1
M= 2.5334 tfm sca = 60 kgf/m2 h= 30 cm (height of member)
N= 5.1807 tf ssa = 1400 kgf/m2 d= 24 cm (effective height of member)
S0= 7.5559 tf n= 24 d' = 6 cm (protective covering depth)
S2d= 4.4022 tf c= 9.00 cm (distance from neutral axis)
b= 100 cm
e = M/N = 48.90 cm
Solving the formula shown below, sc = 32.854 kgf/cm2 ( 0 kgf/cm2) o.k. h d
sc^3+{3ssa/(2n) - 3N(e+c)/(bd^2)}sc^2 - 6N(e+c)ssasc/(nbd^2) - 3N(e+c)ssa^2/(n^2bd^2) = 0 d
0 = sc^3 +71.88 sc^2 -1822.7 sc -53163.05 1
s = nsc/(nsc+ssa) = 0.3603
Asreq = (sc*s/2 - N/(bd))bd/ssa = 6.4454 cm2

Case.2
M= 2.5995 tfm sca = 60 kgf/m2 h= 30 cm (height of member)
N= 5.2956 tf ssa = 1400 kgf/m2 d= 24 cm (effective height of member)
S0= 7.7857 tf n= 24 d' = 6 cm (protective covering depth)
S2d= 4.5360 tf c= 9.00 cm (distance from neutral axis)
b= 100 cm
e = M/N = 49.09 cm
Solving the formula shown below, sc = 33.391 kgf/cm2 ( 0 kgf/cm2) o.k.
sc^3+{3ssa/(2n) - 3N(e+c)/(bd^2)}sc^2 - 6N(e+c)ssasc/(nbd^2) - 3N(e+c)ssa^2/(n^2bd^2) = 0
0 = sc^3 +71.48 sc^2 -1869.2 sc -54517.01
s = nsc/(nsc+ssa) = 0.3640
Asreq = (sc*s/2 - N/(bd))bd/ssa = 6.6367 cm2

Case.3
M= 2.0477 tfm sca = 60 kgf/m2 h= 30 cm (height of member)
N= 3.2979 tf ssa = 1400 kgf/m2 d= 24 cm (effective height of member)
S0= 7.5559 tf n= 24 d' = 6 cm (protective covering depth)
S2d= 4.4022 tf c= 9.00 cm (distance from neutral axis)
b= 100 cm
e = M/N = 62.09 cm
Solving the formula shown below, sc = 28.090 kgf/cm2 ( 0 kgf/cm2) o.k.
sc^3+{3ssa/(2n) - 3N(e+c)/(bd^2)}sc^2 - 6N(e+c)ssasc/(nbd^2) - 3N(e+c)ssa^2/(n^2bd^2) = 0
0 = sc^3 +75.29 sc^2 -1424.6 sc -41552.07
s = nsc/(nsc+ssa) = 0.3250
Asreq = (sc*s/2 - N/(bd))bd/ssa = 5.4700 cm2

Case.4
M= 2.1138 tfm sca = 60 kgf/m2 h= 30 cm (height of member)
N= 3.4128 tf ssa = 1400 kgf/m2 d= 24 cm (effective height of member)
S0= 7.7857 tf n= 24 d' = 6 cm (protective covering depth)
S2d= 4.5360 tf c= 9.00 cm (distance from neutral axis)
b= 100 cm
e = M/N = 61.94 cm
Solving the formula shown below, sc = 28.662 kgf/cm2 ( 0.00029 kgf/cm2) o.k.
sc^3+{3ssa/(2n) - 3N(e+c)/(bd^2)}sc^2 - 6N(e+c)ssasc/(nbd^2) - 3N(e+c)ssa^2/(n^2bd^2) = 0
0 = sc^3 +74.89 sc^2 -1471.1 sc -42906.03

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 s = nsc/(nsc+ssa) = 0.3295
Asreq = (sc*s/2 - N/(bd))bd/ssa = 5.6565 cm2

The maximum requirement of reinforcement bar is 6.6367 cm2 in Case2 from above calculation.

Case. 1 2 3 4
Requirement 6.4454 6.6367 5.4700 5.6565 (cm2)

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4) At Joint "A"of invert
Case.1
M= 3.0488 tfm sca = 60 kgf/m2 h= 30 cm (height of member)
N= 7.3922 tf ssa = 1400 kgf/m2 d= 24 cm (effective height of member)
S0= 8.9959 tf n= 24 d' = 6 cm (protective covering depth)
S2d= 5.2411 tf c= 9.00 cm (distance from neutral axis)
b= 100 cm
e = M/N = 41.24 cm
Solving the formula shown below, sc = 37.763 kgf/cm2 ( 5.9E-05 kgf/cm2) o.k. h d
sc^3+{3ssa/(2n) - 3N(e+c)/(bd^2)}sc^2 - 6N(e+c)ssasc/(nbd^2) - 3N(e+c)ssa^2/(n^2bd^2) = 0 d
0 = sc^3 +68.16 sc^2 -2256.9 sc -65824.69 1
s = nsc/(nsc+ssa) = 0.3930
Asreq = (sc*s/2 - N/(bd))bd/ssa = 7.4396 cm2

Case.2
M= 3.1149 tfm sca = 60 kgf/m2 h= 30 cm (height of member)
N= 7.5071 tf ssa = 1400 kgf/m2 d= 24 cm (effective height of member)
S0= 9.2257 tf n= 24 d' = 6 cm (protective covering depth)
S2d= 5.3750 tf c= 9.00 cm (distance from neutral axis)
b= 100 cm
e = M/N = 41.49 cm
Solving the formula shown below, sc = 38.275 kgf/cm2 ( 0 kgf/cm2) o.k.
sc^3+{3ssa/(2n) - 3N(e+c)/(bd^2)}sc^2 - 6N(e+c)ssasc/(nbd^2) - 3N(e+c)ssa^2/(n^2bd^2) = 0
0 = sc^3 +67.76 sc^2 -2303.3 sc -67178.65
s = nsc/(nsc+ssa) = 0.3962
Asreq = (sc*s/2 - N/(bd))bd/ssa = 7.6354 cm2

Case.3
M= 2.4633 tfm sca = 60 kgf/m2 h= 30 cm (height of member)
N= 3.6861 tf ssa = 1400 kgf/m2 d= 24 cm (effective height of member)
S0= 8.9959 tf n= 24 d' = 6 cm (protective covering depth)
S2d= 5.2411 tf c= 9.00 cm (distance from neutral axis)
b= 100 cm
e = M/N = 66.83 cm
Solving the formula shown below, sc = 31.398 kgf/cm2 ( 0 kgf/cm2) o.k.
sc^3+{3ssa/(2n) - 3N(e+c)/(bd^2)}sc^2 - 6N(e+c)ssasc/(nbd^2) - 3N(e+c)ssa^2/(n^2bd^2) = 0
0 = sc^3 +72.94 sc^2 -1698.4 sc -49535.81
s = nsc/(nsc+ssa) = 0.3499
Asreq = (sc*s/2 - N/(bd))bd/ssa = 6.7842 cm2

Case.4
M= 2.5293 tfm sca = 60 kgf/m2 h= 30 cm (height of member)
N= 3.8009 tf ssa = 1400 kgf/m2 d= 24 cm (effective height of member)
S0= 9.2257 tf n= 24 d' = 6 cm (protective covering depth)
S2d= 5.3750 tf c= 9.00 cm (distance from neutral axis)
b= 100 cm
e = M/N = 66.55 cm
Solving the formula shown below, sc = 31.945 kgf/cm2 ( 2.8E-06 kgf/cm2) o.k.
sc^3+{3ssa/(2n) - 3N(e+c)/(bd^2)}sc^2 - 6N(e+c)ssasc/(nbd^2) - 3N(e+c)ssa^2/(n^2bd^2) = 0
0 = sc^3 +72.54 sc^2 -1744.8 sc -50889.77
s = nsc/(nsc+ssa) = 0.3539
Asreq = (sc*s/2 - N/(bd))bd/ssa = 6.9741 cm2

The maximum requirement of reinforcement bar is 7.6354 cm2 in Case2 from above calculation.

Case. 1 2 3 4
Requirement 7.4396 7.6354 6.7842 6.9741 (cm2)

5) At Middle of side wall

Case.1
M= 0.8279 tfm sca = 60 kgf/m2 h= 30 cm (height of member)
N= 8.3006 tf ssa = 1400 kgf/m2 d= 24 cm (effective height of member)
n= 24 d' = 6 cm (protective covering depth)
c= 9.00 cm (distance from neutral axis)
b= 100 cm
e = M/N = 9.97 cm
Solving the formula shown below, sc =21.9840 kgf/cm2 ( 0 kgf/cm2) o.k. h d
sc^3+{3ssa/(2n) - 3N(e+c)/(bd^2)}sc^2 - 6N(e+c)ssasc/(nbd^2) - 3N(e+c)ssa^2/(n^2bd^2) = 0 d
0 = sc^3 +79.3 sc^2 -956.98 sc -27912.01 1
s = nsc/(nsc+ssa) = 0.2737
Asreq = (sc*s/2 - N/(bd))bd/ssa = 0.0000 cm2 Tensile is on inside of member

Case.2
M= 0.8278 tfm sca = 60 kgf/m2 h= 30 cm (height of member)
N= 8.5299 tf ssa = 1400 kgf/m2 d= 24 cm (effective height of member)
n= 24 d' = 6 cm (protective covering depth)
c= 9.00 cm (distance from neutral axis)
b= 100 cm
e = M/N = 9.70 cm

52/ 63 (4)362472412.xls, R-bar req

Solving the formula shown below, sc = 22.158 kgf/cm2 ( 0.0 kgf/cm2) o.k.
sc^3+{3ssa/(2n) - 3N(e+c)/(bd^2)}sc^2 - 6N(e+c)ssasc/(nbd^2) - 3N(e+c)ssa^2/(n^2bd^2) = 0
0 = sc^3 +79.19 sc^2 -969.48 sc -28276.46
s = nsc/(nsc+ssa) = 0.2753
Asreq = (sc*s/2 - N/(bd))bd/ssa = 0.0000 cm2 Tensile is on inside of member

53/ 63 (4)362472412.xls, R-bar req

 Case.3
M= 0.2426 tfm sca = 60 kgf/m2 h= 30 cm (height of member)
N= 8.2401 tf ssa = 1400 kgf/m2 d= 24 cm (effective height of member)
n= 24 d' = 6 cm (protective covering depth)
c= 9.00 cm (distance from neutral axis)
b= 100 cm
e = M/N = 2.94 cm
Solving the formula shown below, sc = 16.634 kgf/cm2 ( 0 kgf/cm2) o.k.
sc^3+{3ssa/(2n) - 3N(e+c)/(bd^2)}sc^2 - 6N(e+c)ssasc/(nbd^2) - 3N(e+c)ssa^2/(n^2bd^2) = 0
0 = sc^3 +82.37 sc^2 -598.07 sc -17443.75
s = nsc/(nsc+ssa) = 0.2219
Asreq = (sc*s/2 - N/(bd))bd/ssa = 0.0000 cm2 Tensile is on outside of member

Case.4
M= 0.2428 tfm sca = 60 kgf/m2 h= 30 cm (height of member)
N= 8.4710 tf ssa = 1400 kgf/m2 d= 24 cm (effective height of member)
n= 24 d' = 6 cm (protective covering depth)
c= 9.00 cm (distance from neutral axis)
b= 100 cm
e = M/N = 2.87 cm
Solving the formula shown below, sc = 16.839 kgf/cm2 ( 0 kgf/cm2) o.k.
sc^3+{3ssa/(2n) - 3N(e+c)/(bd^2)}sc^2 - 6N(e+c)ssasc/(nbd^2) - 3N(e+c)ssa^2/(n^2bd^2) = 0
0 = sc^3 +82.26 sc^2 -610.8 sc -17814.87
s = nsc/(nsc+ssa) = 0.2240
Asreq = (sc*s/2 - N/(bd))bd/ssa = 0.0000 cm2 Tensile is on outside of member

The maximum requirement of reinforcement bar is 0.0000 cm2 in Case1 from above calculation.

Case. 1 2 3 4
Requirement 0.0000 0.0000 - - (cm2)
Side inside inside outside outside

6) At Middle of top slab

Case.1
M= 1.8112 tfm sca = 60 kgf/m2 h= 30 cm (height of member)
N= 5.1807 tf ssa = 1400 kgf/m2 d= 24 cm (effective height of member)
n= 24 d' = 6 cm (protective covering depth)
c= 9.00 cm (distance from neutral axis)
b= 100 cm
e = M/N = 34.96 cm
Solving the formula shown below, sc = 27.583 kgf/cm2 ( 0 kgf/cm2) o.k. h d
sc^3+{3ssa/(2n) - 3N(e+c)/(bd^2)}sc^2 - 6N(e+c)ssasc/(nbd^2) - 3N(e+c)ssa^2/(n^2bd^2) = 0 d
0 = sc^3 +75.64 sc^2 -1383.9 sc -40363.64 1
s = nsc/(nsc+ssa) = 0.3210
Asreq = (sc*s/2 - N/(bd))bd/ssa = 3.8899 cm2 Tensile is on inside of member

Case.2
M= 1.8773 tfm sca = 60 kgf/m2 h= 30 cm (height of member)
N= 5.2956 tf ssa = 1400 kgf/m2 d= 24 cm (effective height of member)
n= 24 d' = 6 cm (protective covering depth)
c= 9.00 cm (distance from neutral axis)
b= 100 cm
e = M/N = 35.45 cm
Solving the formula shown below, sc = 28.160 kgf/cm2 ( 0 kgf/cm2) o.k.
sc^3+{3ssa/(2n) - 3N(e+c)/(bd^2)}sc^2 - 6N(e+c)ssasc/(nbd^2) - 3N(e+c)ssa^2/(n^2bd^2) = 0
0 = sc^3 +75.24 sc^2 -1430.3 sc -41717.60
s = nsc/(nsc+ssa) = 0.3256
Asreq = (sc*s/2 - N/(bd))bd/ssa = 4.0759 cm2 Tensile is on inside of member

Case.3
M= 2.2969 tfm sca = 60 kgf/m2 h= 30 cm (height of member)
N= 3.2979 tf ssa = 1400 kgf/m2 d= 24 cm (effective height of member)
n= 24 d' = 6 cm (protective covering depth)
c= 9.00 cm (distance from neutral axis)
b= 100 cm
e = M/N = 69.65 cm
Solving the formula shown below, sc = 29.939 kgf/cm2 ( 0 kgf/cm2) o.k.
sc^3+{3ssa/(2n) - 3N(e+c)/(bd^2)}sc^2 - 6N(e+c)ssasc/(nbd^2) - 3N(e+c)ssa^2/(n^2bd^2) = 0
0 = sc^3 +73.99 sc^2 -1576.1 sc -45968.17
s = nsc/(nsc+ssa) = 0.3392
Asreq = (sc*s/2 - N/(bd))bd/ssa = 6.3478 cm2 Tensile is on inside of member

Case.4
M= 2.3630 tfm sca = 60 kgf/m2 h= 30 cm (height of member)
N= 3.4128 tf ssa = 1400 kgf/m2 d= 24 cm (effective height of member)
n= 24 d' = 6 cm (protective covering depth)
c= 9.00 cm (distance from neutral axis)
b= 100 cm
e = M/N = 69.24 cm
Solving the formula shown below, sc = 30.496 kgf/cm2 ( 1.8E-05 kgf/cm2) o.k.
sc^3+{3ssa/(2n) - 3N(e+c)/(bd^2)}sc^2 - 6N(e+c)ssasc/(nbd^2) - 3N(e+c)ssa^2/(n^2bd^2) = 0
0 = sc^3 +73.59 sc^2 -1622.5 sc -47322.13

54/ 63 (4)362472412.xls, R-bar req

 s = nsc/(nsc+ssa) = 0.3433
Asreq = (sc*s/2 - N/(bd))bd/ssa = 6.5363 cm2 Tensile is on inside of member

The maximum requirement of reinforcement bar is 6.5363 cm2 in Case4 from above calculation.

Case. 1 2 3 4
Requirement 3.8899 4.0759 6.3478 6.5363 (cm2)
Side inside inside inside inside

55/ 63 (4)362472412.xls, R-bar req

7) At Middle of invert
Case.1
M= 2.1238 tfm sca = 60 kgf/m2 h= 30 cm (height of member)
N= 7.3922 tf ssa = 1400 kgf/m2 d= 24 cm (effective height of member)
n= 24 d' = 6 cm (protective covering depth)
c= 9.00 cm (distance from neutral axis)
b= 100 cm
e = M/N = 28.73 cm
Solving the formula shown below, sc =31.3560 kgf/cm2 ( 0 kgf/cm2) o.k. h d
sc^3+{3ssa/(2n) - 3N(e+c)/(bd^2)}sc^2 - 6N(e+c)ssasc/(nbd^2) - 3N(e+c)ssa^2/(n^2bd^2) = 0 d
0 = sc^3 +72.97 sc^2 -1694.8 sc -49431.39 1
s = nsc/(nsc+ssa) = 0.3496
Asreq = (sc*s/2 - N/(bd))bd/ssa = 4.1161 cm2 Tensile is on inside of member

Case.2
M= 2.1899 tfm sca = 60 kgf/m2 h= 30 cm (height of member)
N= 7.5071 tf ssa = 1400 kgf/m2 d= 24 cm (effective height of member)
n= 24 d' = 6 cm (protective covering depth)
c= 9.00 cm (distance from neutral axis)
b= 100 cm
e = M/N = 29.17 cm
Solving the formula shown below, sc = 31.902 kgf/cm2 ( 0 kgf/cm2) o.k.
sc^3+{3ssa/(2n) - 3N(e+c)/(bd^2)}sc^2 - 6N(e+c)ssasc/(nbd^2) - 3N(e+c)ssa^2/(n^2bd^2) = 0
0 = sc^3 +72.58 sc^2 -1741.2 sc -50785.35
s = nsc/(nsc+ssa) = 0.3535
Asreq = (sc*s/2 - N/(bd))bd/ssa = 4.3051 cm2 Tensile is on inside of member

Case.3
M= 2.7094 tfm sca = 60 kgf/m2 h= 30 cm (height of member)
N= 3.6861 tf ssa = 1400 kgf/m2 d= 24 cm (effective height of member)
n= 24 d' = 6 cm (protective covering depth)
c= 9.00 cm (distance from neutral axis)
b= 100 cm
e = M/N = 73.50 cm
Solving the formula shown below, sc = 33.146 kgf/cm2 ( 4.8E-07 kgf/cm2) o.k.
sc^3+{3ssa/(2n) - 3N(e+c)/(bd^2)}sc^2 - 6N(e+c)ssasc/(nbd^2) - 3N(e+c)ssa^2/(n^2bd^2) = 0
0 = sc^3 +71.66 sc^2 -1847.9 sc -53897.22
s = nsc/(nsc+ssa) = 0.3623
Asreq = (sc*s/2 - N/(bd))bd/ssa = 7.6614 cm2 Tensile is on inside of member

Case.4
M= 2.7754 tfm sca = 60 kgf/m2 h= 30 cm (height of member)
N= 3.8009 tf ssa = 1400 kgf/m2 d= 24 cm (effective height of member)
n= 24 d' = 6 cm (protective covering depth)
c= 9.00 cm (distance from neutral axis)
b= 100 cm
e = M/N = 73.02 cm
Solving the formula shown below, sc = 33.682 kgf/cm2 ( 0 kgf/cm2) o.k.
sc^3+{3ssa/(2n) - 3N(e+c)/(bd^2)}sc^2 - 6N(e+c)ssasc/(nbd^2) - 3N(e+c)ssa^2/(n^2bd^2) = 0
0 = sc^3 +71.26 sc^2 -1894.3 sc -55251.19
s = nsc/(nsc+ssa) = 0.3660
Asreq = (sc*s/2 - N/(bd))bd/ssa = 7.8531 cm2 Tensile is on inside of member

The maximum requirement of reinforcement bar is 7.8531 cm2 in Case4 from above calculation.

Case. 1 2 3 4
Requirement 4.1161 4.3051 7.6614 7.8531 (cm2)
Side inside inside inside inside

8) Summary of required reinforcement

Required reinforcement for design is the maximum required reinforcement calculated above in 1) - 4).

Item Side wall Side wall Top slab Invert Side wall Top slab Invert
Point bottom top end end middle middle middle
Side outside outside outside outside inside inside inside
Calculation 1) 2) 3) 4) 5) 6) 7)
Requirement 6.972 5.663 6.637 7.635 0.000 6.536 7.853 (cm2)

56/ 63 (4)362472412.xls, R-bar req

6 Bar Arrangement and Calculation of Stress
Type: B2.00m x H2.00m
Side wall Top slab Invert
bottom middle top end middle end middle
outside inside outside outside inside outside inside
Bending moment M kgfcm 311,488 82,787 259,949 259,949 236,298 311,488 277,544
Shearing force (joint) S kgf 7,507 0 5,296 7,786 0 9,226 0
Shearing force (2d) S2d kgf 3,962 - 3,497 4,536 - 5,375 -
Axial force N kgf 9,226 8,301 7,786 5,296 3,413 7,507 3,801
Height of member h cm 30 30 30 30 30 30 30
Covering depth d' cm 6 6 6 6 6 6 6
Effective height d cm 24 24 24 24 24 24 24
Effective width b cm 100 100 100 100 100 100 100
Effective area bd cm2 2400 2400 2400 2400 2400 2400 2400
Young's modulus ratio n - 24 24 24 24 24 24 24

Required R-bar Asreq cm2 6.97 0.00 5.66 6.64 6.54 7.64 7.85

R-bar arrangement 16@250 12@250 16@250 16@250 16@250 16@250 12@125

Reinforcement As cm2 8.04 4.52 8.04 8.04 8.04 8.04 9.05

Perimeter of R-bar U 20.11 15.08 20.11 20.11 20.11 20.11 30.16
M/N e cm 33.763 9.974 33.388 49.088 69.239 41.492 73.020
Dist. from neutral axis c cm 9.00 9.00 9.00 9.00 9.00 9.00 9.00
a' 56.3 -15.1 55.2 102.3 162.7 79.5 174.1
b' 495.1 123.5 490.8 672.5 905.8 584.6 1068.9
c' -11882.3 -2963.9 -11778.0 -16140.4 -21739.8 -14030.0 -25653.1
x 10.16 17.62 10.19 9.38 8.92 9.69 9.27
0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000
(check) ok ok ok ok ok ok ok

Compressive stress sc kgf/cm2 37.7 9.9 31.5 31.4 28.5 37.7 32.2
Allowable stress sca kgf/cm2 60.0 60.0 60.0 60.0 60.0 60.0 60.0
ok ok ok ok ok ok ok
Tensile stress ss kgf/cm2 1232.9 85.7 1023.7 1174.4 1155.0 1336.1 1227.4
Allowable stress ssa kgf/cm2 1400.0 1400.0 1400.0 1400.0 1400.0 1400.0 1400.0
ok ok ok ok ok ok ok
Shearing stress at joint t kgf/cm2 3.13 0.00 2.21 3.24 0.00 3.84 0.00
Allowable stress ta kgf/cm2 11.00 11.00 11.00 11.00 11.00 11.00 11.00
ok ok ok ok ok ok ok
Shearing stress at 2d t2d kgf/cm2 1.65 - 1.46 1.89 - 2.24 -
Allowable stress t2da kgf/cm2 5.50 - 5.50 5.50 - 5.50 -
ok - ok ok - ok -

Resisting Moment Mr kgfcm 496,869 362,613 497,615 459,243 408,023 497,785 469,708
Mr for compression Mrc kgfcm 496,869 410,229 497,615 499,428 501,254 497,785 521,262
x for Mrc cm 9.240 7.521 9.013 8.634 8.359 8.969 8.787
ss for Mrc kgf/cm2 2300.3 3155.3 2394.6 2562.9 2694.5 2413.1 2492.9
Mr for tensile Mrs kgfcm 577,461 362,613 532,234 459,243 408,023 523,749 469,708
x for Mrs cm 12.982 10.971 12.517 11.670 10.986 12.426 11.642
sc for Mrs kgf/cm2 68.7 49.1 63.6 55.2 49.2 62.6 55.0

Distribution bar (>As/6 and >Asmin) 12@250 12@250 12@250 12@250 12@250 12@250 12@250
Reinforcement As cm2 4.52 4.52 4.52 4.52 4.52 4.52 4.52
ok ok ok ok ok ok ok
Reinforcement bar for fillet Err:504 Err:504
Reinforcement As cm2 Err:504 Err:504

57/63 (5)362472412.xlsR-bar stress

Minimum requirement of reinforcement bar As min = 4.5 cm2

58/63 (5)362472412.xlsR-bar stress

DATA PLOT PEMBESIAN

h1

h2
Ha

h3

b1 b2 b1

Bb

Section of Culvert

1. Design Data
b1 = 0.300 m b2 = 2.000 m
h1 = 0.300 m h2 = 2.000 m h3 = 0.300 m d = 0.06 m
Bb = 2.600 m Ha = 2.600 m Fillet = 0.15 m

2. Data Pembesian
Bottom slab : Tumpuan Lapangan Tulangan bagi :
As1 (cm2) : O 16 @ 250 O 12 @ 125 O 12 @ 250
As2 (cm )
2
: O 12 @ 125 O 16 @ 250

Side wall : Tumpuan Lapangan Tulangan bagi :

As1 (cm2) : O 16 @ 250 O 12 @ 250 O 12 @ 250
As2 (cm2) : O 12 @ 250 O 16 @ 250

Top slab : Tumpuan Lapangan Tulangan bagi :

As1 (cm2) : O 16 @ 250 O 16 @ 250 O 12 @ 250
As2 (cm2) : O 16 @ 250 O 16 @ 250

3. Tulangan Miring (fillet) :

Bottom slab : O### @ ###
Top slab : O### @ ###

4. Nama Bangunan : Culvert Type 1 (2 m x 2 m)

Lokasi : . Irrigation Project
DATA PLOT MOMENT AND SHEAR FORCE DIAGRAM

h1

h2
Ha

h3

b1 b2 b1

Bb

Section of Culvert

1. Design Data
b1 = 0.300 m b2 = 2.000 m
h1 = 0.300 m h2 = 2.000 m h3 = 0.300 m
Bb = 2.300 m Ha = 2.300 m

2. Result Calculation
Side wall (left) Ma Mmax Mb Sa Sb Na Nb
Case 1 -3.049 0.828 -2.533 7.392 -5.181 8.996 7.556
Case 2 -2.463 -0.243 -2.048 3.686 -3.298 8.996 7.556

Side wall (right) Mc Mmax Md Sd Sc Nd Nc

Case 1 -2.533 0.828 -3.049 -7.392 5.181 8.996 7.556
Case 2 -2.048 -0.243 -2.463 -3.686 3.298 8.996 7.556

Top slab Mb Mmax Mc Sb Sc Nb Nc

Case 1 -2.533 1.811 -2.533 7.556 -7.556 5.181 5.181
Case 2 -2.048 2.297 -2.048 7.556 -7.556 3.298 3.298

Bottom slab Ma Mmax Md Sa Sd Na Nd

Case 1 -3.049 2.124 -3.049 -8.996 8.996 7.392 7.392
Case 2 -2.463 2.709 -2.463 -8.996 8.996 3.686 3.686

3. Nama Bangunan : Culvert Type 1 (2 m x 2 m)

 Lokasi : . Irrigation Project

Case 1
Mmax x x1 x2 x3 x4 x5 x6 x7
Mab = 1.111 -1.24 -0.02 0.65 0.82 0.54 -0.14 -1.18
Mcd = 1.189 -1.24 -0.02 0.65 0.82 0.54 -0.14 -1.18
Mmax y1 y2 y3 y4 y5 y6 y7
Mbc = 1.15 -0.63 0.73 1.54 1.81 1.54 0.73 -0.63
Mad = 1.15 -0.79 0.83 1.80 2.12 1.80 0.83 -0.79

Ha = 2.300 0.288 0.575 0.863 1.150 1.438 1.725 2.013

Bb = 2.300 0.288 0.575 0.863 1.150 0.863 0.575 0.288

x x1 x2 x3 x4 x5 x6 x7
Sab 2.300 5.24 3.26 1.44 -0.22 -1.71 -3.03 -4.19

Case 2
Mmax x x1 x2 x3 x4 x5 x6 x7
Mab = 1.111 -1.53 -0.85 -0.42 -0.25 -0.32 -0.65 -1.22
Mcd = 1.189 -1.53 -0.85 -0.42 -0.25 -0.32 -0.65 -1.22
Mmax y1 y2 y3 y4 y5 y6 y7
Mbc = 1.15 -0.15 1.21 2.03 2.30 2.03 1.21 -0.15
Mad = 1.15 -0.20 1.42 2.39 2.71 2.39 1.42 -0.20

Ha = 2.300 0.288 0.575 0.863 1.150 1.438 1.725 2.013

Bb = 2.300 0.288 0.575 0.863 1.150 0.863 0.575 0.288

x x1 x2 x3 x4 x5 x6 x7
Sab 2.300 2.80 1.92 1.05 0.17 -0.70 -1.57 -2.43
 MAB MBA
-3.049 2.533
-2.463 2.048

MCD MDC
-2.533 3.049
-2.048 2.463

MBC MCB
-2.533 2.533
-2.048 2.048

MAD MDA
3.049 -3.049
2.463 -2.463
 q1 q2
7.766 3.166
3.166 7.766
q1
6.570
7.823

q1 q2
3.071 3.001
3.001 3.071
q1
6.570
7.823