Old Testament Survey Tamil

giHa VghL - RUf ghit
Mahfk - kah
lhl gh m
Bible Lessons International
cslf
1 ntjhfkij rahf thgjfhd tfho 1
1I Jtf iu
A. gagLjgLs gjf 8
B. giHa Vghil V Mbra ntL 8
C. giHa Vghil vgo Mbra ntL 9
D. mogil tiugl 10
E. mogil fhytir 10
1II njhuh - Ijhfkf

A. Mahfk 12
B. ahuhfk 22
C. nyauhfk 30
D. vzhfk 43
E. cghfk 48
1V. Jtffhy fjf

A. nahRth 54
B. ahahgf 60
C. % (vGjglit) 65
D. rhKnt 68
E. uh#hf 75
V. tiugl - sgl eho uh#hf

VI. vGjgl f
A. ehshfk 88
B. vwh 94
C. benfah 99
D. vj 104
VII. Phd ya
A. vbua fij 113
B. f
nah 115
rjf 120
bkhf 127
ur 131
cdjghL 136
VIII. bga fjf
A. giHa VghL fjrdJF mKf 141
B. f
Vrhah 145
vnuah 163
yg 168
vnrna 172
jhna 177
IX. a fjf
Xah 182
nahnt 186
Mnkh 190
xgah 196
nahdh 200
fh 203
ehT 206
MgT 209
brgah 212
Mfh 215
rfah 218
kah 222
ntjhfkij rahf thgjFa tfho:
%fglToa raij Fj jgl njLj
ekh raij ma Kokh? mij vnf fhzyh? jfahf ekh mij %f Kokh?
Wahd mfhu vW VnjD Uwjh? ekJ thifia, cyfij teljToa KGikahd
raf Uwdth? thifF mj Uwjh? eh V nf Unwh? eh vnf bry
nghnwh? gFjs vyh kfshY nffgL j nff fhy JtfUnj khl m
vGUwd (u. 1:13-18, 3:9-11).
vdJ thifia xUizfToa ikaij Fj vdJ jgl njLjiy FJ vdF
idUwJ. vdJ stanyna eh Jit Rthf Jtnd; vdJ FLgYs Kakhd
kwtf rhna jF mogilahf UjJ. eh bgatdhf tsjnghJ, vid FJ vdJ
cyfij FJKs nff mfjd. rhjhuz fyhrhu kW rka rhghd fhafsh eh thj
myJ vbfhl mDgtfSF mj Tw Koaiy. mJ FHgK, njLjY, thir iwj fhykhf
UjJ; eh thj czyhj fodkhd Uja bfhl cyf eh mofo eifHj czit
bgnw.
gy j Wahd nffSF gfis bgUgjhf TWwhf; Mdh MF,
jidF wF mtfSila gf itfis mogilahf bfhld vW eh fLbfhnl:
1) jgl jJtf, 2) uhjd fLfijf, 3) jgl mDgtf, myJ 4) kndhjJt sff.
%fgLjiy, %gzfis eh Und; vdJ cyfghitF, xUizj ikaJF,
thtjfhd fhuzJF njitahd gFjit bgw Und.
vdJ ntjhfk M itfis eh fLbfhnl. mj egfjikfhd %gzfis eh
njl Jtnd. itfis eh fLbfhnl: 1) ijbghU M _ykhf ntjhfk
tuyhW tkhd egfjik, 2) giHa VghL fjrdf f rahd iwntWj, 3) ntjhfk
cUthfgl MuJ mWW MLfshf fhzgl mj br xWik, 4) ntjhfk _ykhf
jf thif KGikahd khwij bgwtf jgl rhf. Rthr kW eif
xUizj xGFKiwahf UF jt rka khl thif fyhd nffSF g
juToajhf UwJ. J gFjs mogilia bfhLjJ kLkyhk, ntjhfkahd Rthr
mDgtahd mr vdF cztkhd rnjhij, ujikia bfhLjJ.
ntjhfknk v thif xUizj ikakhf UwJ vgij eh fLbfhnl vW
idnj. J mrhj cztkhd fhakhf UjJ. j jfJF vjid jkhd mjf
TwgoUwd - y ntisf xnu rigFshf, xU jid ikaJFshf gy mjf
brhygld - vgij flnghJ mJ vdF mia, ntjidia bfhLjJ. ntjhfk njtdh
lgL vGjglJ, egfjikilaJ vgij cWgLJtJ Kothf Ufiy, Jtfkhfnt
UjJ. ntjhfk mfhuij, egfjikia bfhlJ vW TWgtfsh ntjhfkYs gy
fodkhd gFfSF bfhLfgLs mjij cWgLj KowJ myJ wff KowJ?
Jnt vdJ thiffhd gahf, Rthr gazkhf MaJ. J vdJ Rthr vdF
mfkhd rkhjhdij, rnjhij bfhLjJ vgij eh mnt. vdJ fyhrhu jidf
kW xWbfhW Kughlhd rkaf bfhiff itf k KGikahd raij
njLgo vdJ kd thjJ. uhjd yafSF mj fhg rahd mQFKiwfis FJ
eh MbrjnghJ, tuyhWtkhf, fyhrhuahf, rkaf kW mDgt mogilY
eh jtwhd vzfis bfhoUnw vgij mJ eh agilnj. bgUghY vdJ
ghitfis tYgLJgoahfnt eh ntjhfkij thJ tUnw, vdJ brhj ghJfhikia,
FiwghLfis cWgLJ mnj ntis, kwtfis jhf mij eh gagL tUnw.
ij ntjidnahL eh cznj.
vdh xUnghJ Ra vz rhuhj ghitia bfhoUf KoahlhY, ntjhkij ewhf
thF xUtdhf khw Ko. vdJ jtwhd vzfis eh fLoJ, mitfis xbfhs Ko.
itfUJ eh KGikahf Ljiy bgwhlhY, vdJ brhj gydfis eh vbfhoUnw.
y ntisf mj TWgt ntjhfkij rahf thgjF bga vahf MLwh!
vdnt ntjhfkij thFnghJ eh gw ntoa y fhafis eh goaoUnw. vdnt
ij thF f vndhLTl itfis Mbra Ko:
1) ntjhfk xnu bkahd njtDila xU Lj bgw Ra btghL vW eh Rthnw. vdnt
1
xU Fl tuyhW d khl vGjhs_y vGJnghJ, njtDila nehf
mogil mjF mjfhz ntL.
2) ntjhfk rhjhuz kjUfhf - vyh kjUfhf vGjglJ vW eh Rthnw. xU
tuyhW kW fyhrhu d njt enkhLTl ngRgo jikjhnk MajgL
bfhlh. njt raij kiwfiy - eh mij Jbfhs ntLbkW mt Uwh!
vdnt j ehf mogil my, mj ehf mogil eh mjF mjfhz ntL.
Kj mij thjtfSF myJ nfltfSF ntjhfk vgo mjKsjhf Ujnjh mjF
mghgl mjij mJ ekF bfhLgiy. ruhrahd kjfsh ij Jbfhs Ko.
aghf kjnuhL bjhlbfhs Toa tKiwfis, fisnk J gagLJwJ.
3) ntjhfk xUizj br nehfK btgLjgLwJ vW eh enw. m y
fodkhdJ fyhdJkhd gFf UjhY, mJ jdFjhnd Kughlhdjhf Ufiy.
goahf, ntjhfknk ntjhfkJF mjfhg wghd tfhoahf UwJ.
4) njtdh Lj bgW, M vGat nehf mogil ntjhfk xbthU gF
(fjrdf cgl) xnu mjij bfhoUwJ vW eh enw. M vGjhs
nehfij FJ eh KGikahd raij bgw KoahlhY, gy fhaf j irnyna
RofhLwd:
(a) bria btgLj bjJbfhsgLs ya tot.
(b) tuyhW d kW/myJ vGJgo njitgl Fl jUz
(c) KG jf ya d, xbthU jgl ya mfK.
(d) KG brF bjhlghd ya mff totik.
(e) bria bjgjfhf gagLa Fl yfz mrf.
(f) bria bjgjfhf bjJbfhsgLs thijf.
xU gFia eh MbrnghJ, j xbthiw FJ Mbrnth. ntjhfkij ewhf
thgjFa braKiwia eh sFtjF Kghf, nghJ gagLjgL jtwhd braKiwfis
FJ eh sFnw; itna btntW jkhd mjfhQjYF telUwd. itfis
jf ntL:
1) ntjhfk jff ya dia wfJL, vGat nehfJnfh myJ
KG dF bghUjyhj tif xbthU brhbwhliu, brhbwhl fis,
jgl brhfis gagLJj.
2) ntjhfk gF mjfhd Mjhu yhUjnghY, kbwhU tuyhW dia bfhLJ,
ntjhfk jff tuyhW dia wfj.
3) ntjhfk jff tuyhW dia wfJL, mij nghija thrffSfhf
mlgLs brjhisnghy thj.
4) Kj mj gFia nfltfSnfh myJ vGat nehfJnfh KY bghUjyhj
tif mj gFia xU cUtf vW brh, xU jJtahd/iwaahd bria
bfhLgJnghy sf bfhLJ, ntjhfk jff tuyhW dia wfj.
5) xU ntjhfk gFia M vGat nehf kW mj gF brF bghUjyhj
tif xUt jdF oj iwa xGFKiwianah myJ nfhghilnah myJ fhya
uidianah vLJ brh, M nehf bfhl bria wfj. bgUghY
j braKiw xU ntjhfk gFia thj wF ngRgt mfhuij cWgLJgoahf
gagLjgLwJ. J bgUghY ``thgt g (``j gF vdF bfhLF mj vd
vw mjfhQj).
vGjgl vyh khl bjhlfY Fiwjgrkhf xnwhblhW bjhlila _W mrf
fhzgLwd:
M vGjgl vGjglij
vGat gF M
nehf bgwtf
2
flj fhy thgJ Fj btntwhd f j _W mrf VnjD xJ ghitia
xUKfgLd. Mdh ntjhfk jwghd Ljiy cWgLj ntLkhdh, xU Ujgl
gl bghUjkhdjhf UF:
gRj Mahdt ifbaGJ u fhya
ntWghLf Rthf
M vGjgl vGjglij
vGat gF M
nehf bgwtf
cik, mj fhg _W mrfSnk gagLjgl ntL. cWbrt nehfJfhf,

eh TW mj Kj uL mrfJ ghitia xUKfgLJwJ: M vGat kW vGjgl
gF. xUntis eh fl jtwhd fhafSF l bfhLUfyh: 1) ntjhfk gFia cUtfkhFj
myJ MFajhf MFj. 2) ``thgt g (``j gF vdF bfhLF mj vd vw
mjfhQj). xbthU flY go jtwhf bragLtjF thUwJ. eh vnghJnk
ekJ branehffis, jtwhd vzfis, fis, bragLJjiy rghf ntL.
Mdh, mj fhQjYF tiuaiwfnsh, fLghLfnsh myJ braKiwfnsh yhlh ij brtJ
vgo? j ljh rahd mjfhQjYF njitahd beKiwfis Ma nehfK, gF
totik vdF bfhLwd.
thgJ Fj bghUjyhj f mogil, rahd tif ntjhfkij thgjfhd y
rhakhd mQFKiwf ahit?
j l Fghd eilfSF mj fhQ jwghd fis FJ thfiy. vyh
tifahd ntjhfk gFfSF bghJthd ntjhfkJF mjfhQ bfhiffisna FLnw.
fhl ~ kW ls Lth vGa ntjhfkij Kiwahf thgJ vgo? vw ekF cjahf
UF.
vdJ braKiw vGatJ vdJ ghitia xUKfgLJwJ. mj gFia jgl Kiw
ehFKiw thJ, gRj Mahdt mjfhd sfij vdF bfhLFgo eh mDknw. J
Mahdtiu, thgtiu, ntjhfk gFia ulhtJ lJF my, KjlJF bfhLtUwJ.
J thgt iuahsf jhf GJlhk mtiu ghJfhwJ. ``ntjhfk sfiufSF
mfkhd sfij bfhLwJ vW brhygLtij eh nfoUnw. ntjhfk MF cjahf
UF cfuzfis gLJgo J brhygliy, mitfis bghUjkhd tifY neuY
gagLJgona brhygoUwJ.
ekJ mjfhQjYF ntjhfk gFna Mjhukhf Uf ntL. IJ mrf XusF
cWgLJjiy bfhLwd:
1) tuyhW d
2) ya d
3) yfzahd totik
4) nghJ mj brh gagLjgL j
5) bghUjkhd iz gFf
ekJ mjfhQjYF dahf UF fhuzij, jfthjij eh bfhLgJ mtakhF.
Mdh mJ nghgJ vd myJ cWgLJtJ vd vgij FJ jtf k fUJntWghL
fhzgLtJ nrhfkhd fhakhF.
1) KjyhtJ Kiw thj
(a) xnu neu mj jfij thJ Kof. ntW tKiwfis gW ntWgl
bkhbga mij xUKiw thf.
(i) thijF thij (vLJfhlhd My bkhbgaf - (NKJV, NASB, NRSV),
(ii) wghd tif izahd bkhbga - (TEV, JB)
(iii) bghiu - (Living Bible, Amplified Bible)
3
(b) vGjgl KG gF ikakhd nehfij njLf. mj fUbghUis fLof.
(c) mj ika nehfij myJ fUbghUis btgLJ xU ya myifnah, xU
mfhuijnah, xU gianah myJ xU thaijnah fLoJ, jna vGJf.
(d) ujhdkhf UF ya totij fLof:
(i) giHa VghL
(1) vbua fij
(2) vbua fij (Phd ya, rj)
(3) vbua fjrd (ciueil, fij)
(4) ukhzf
(ii) a VghL
(1) fij (Rnrf, mnghjyUila elgof)
(2) fojf/Ugf
(3) filfhyij Fj btghL ya
2) ulhtJ Kiw thj
(a) KG jfij kWgokhf thf. Ka jiyfis myJ gFfis njLf.
(b) Ka jiyf RUfij vG, mij FJ mF xU RUfkhd thrfkhf mij
vGJf.
(c) ghl cgfuzf mogil nehf Fj thrfij, RUf Ffis rghUf.
3) _whtJ Kiw thj
(a) KG jfij kWgokhf thf. tuyhWtkhd dia fLof.
vGJtjfhd Fl dia MuhJghUf..
(b) tuyhW mogilyhd fhafis goaLf:
(i) vGat
(ii) fhy
(iii) bgWbfhSgtf
(iv) vGJtjfhd ltlkhd fhuz
(v) vGa nehfJF bghUjkhd fyhrhu mrf.
(c) f ntjhfk vj gFF mjfhfnsh mj gFfhd RUfij xU
g ms vGJf. vnghJnk vj ya tot vgij fLoJ mij RUfkhf
vGJf. J gy mfhufisnah myJ gfisnah cslajhf Ufyh. J iy
vGat jfthjij, ya totikig f vjhf gWtjF cjahf
UF.
(d) ghl cgfuzf mogil cf tuyhW dia rghUf.
4) ehfhtJ Kiw thj
(a) mj Fl ntjhfk gFia gy bkhbgafUJ thf..
(b) ya myJ yfz totikig fLof:
(i) kWgo kWgokhf tU brhbwhlf
(ii) kWgo kWgokhf tU yfz totikf
(iii) Kuzhd fUJgotf
(c) fl fhafis goaLf:
(i) Kakhd brhf
(ii) mrhjhuzkhd brhf
(iii) Kakhd yfz totikf
(iv) Fghf fodkhd brhf, brhbwhlf, thaf
(d) bghUjkhd izgFfis njLf:
(i) itfis gagL, cf fUbghUis bjthf nghF gFia njLf:
a) ``xGFahd iwa f.
b) xjtha ntjhfkf
c) xjtha mfuhf
(ii) cf fUbghUSF Kughlhf UfToa gFia njLf. gy ntjhfk raf
izahd gFf bfhLfgLsd; itfis KGikahf vLJbfhshk
thg fhuzkhfnt gy rig f ff clhwd. ntjhfk KGtJnk
4
njtdh lgL vGjglitahF; ekJ mjfhQj ntjhfkahd rkiyia
bgw ntLkhdh mj KG bria njl ntL.
(iii) xnu jfJFshfnth, xnu vGjhs vGJfSFshfnth myJ mnj
tifgl vGJfSFshfnth izahdij njLf. ntjhfk njt Mahdtuh
vGjgoUwgoah mJ jdF jhnd mjfhg wghdjhf UwJ.
(e) tuyhW d kW ntisfis Fj cf Kofis rghf M cgfuzfis
gagLJf:
(i) M ntjhfkf
(ii) ntjhfk mfuhf, ifnaLf
(iii) ntjhfk KDiuf
(iv) ntjhfk sfiu f (cf M j fl, flj fhyij, j
fhyij nrj Rthf rKjhad cf jgl MF cjbra,
rghf lbfhLf)
j l eh bragLJjiy FJ ghfnghnwh. ntjhfk gFia mj M d
Jbfhs neu brytUf. nghJ mij cf thifY, fyhrhuY bragLj
ntL. ntjhfkahd mfhuJF eh go sf bfhLnw: ``M ntjhfkij vGat jdJ
ehfSfhf brhY bria JbfhL, mj raij ekJ ehf bragLJj.
fhyahf, jfahf M vGjhs nehfij FJ mjfl wF, mij bragLj
ntL. xU ntjhfk gF vGjgl ehf mJ vd TaJ vgij mahk, iwa ehf mJ
vd TWwJ vgij xUtuh brhy KoahJ. xU ntjhfk gFF xUnghJ yhj mjij mJ
vnghJ brhYtiy!
xU gahf vGjgl cf tukhd F ( _whtJ th) cfSF tfhoahf UF.
thij thijahf my, g gahfnt bragLJjiy ff ntL. thijf mj d
kLnk mjbfhlitahf Uwd. brhbwhlf mj d kLnk mjbfhlitahf
Uwd.thaf mj d kLnk mjbfhlitahf Uwd. M vGat
kLnk mjfhg iwliy bgwtuhf Uwh. gRj Mahdt mja itj
_ykhf eh Ma telJjiy g brYnwh. Mdh mja itj vgJ iwtdh
lgLj my. ``fj brhYtJ vdbtwh vW eh brhy ntLkhdh M vGjhs
nehfijna gw ntL. bragLJj KG vG branehfJF bghUjkhdjhf Uf
ntL; ltlkhd ya toit, g klyhd jid tsia fU bfhs ntL.
ekJ fhyJ uidf ntjhfk gFF mjbfhLf l bfhLfhf. ntjhfknk ngRtjF
mDkf! jfhf mj gFia bfhifahf MFtJ mtakhf Ufyh. mj gF xU
bfhifF Mjuthf UFkhdh, J bghUjkhf UF. Mdh bgUghY ekJ bfhiff mj
gF bfhifahf uhk `èkJ bfhiffshfnt Uwd.
ntjhfkij bragLJnghJ, (mJ fjrd gFahf uhlh) xU Fl ntjhfk gFF xU
mjkLnk Uf Ko. mJ M vGat jdJ ehf xU uidfhfnth myJ njitfhfnth
vGa nehfJF bghUjkhdjhf UF. j xnu mjUJ eh gy bragLJiy bgw
Ko. j bragLJj nfgt njitia mogilahf bfhouhk, M vGjhs mjJF
bghUjkhdjhf Uf ntL.
Jtiu eh mjfhgY, bragLJjY UF jfahd braKiwia FJ
thnj. nghJ mjfhQj MFa mrij FJ RUfkhf ghngh. fl
rghF goa vdF cjahf UjJ:
1) Mahdt cjfhf b#f (ghf, 1 bfh. 1:26-2:16)
2) jgl kfhf, magl ghtUJ RffgLtjfhf b#f (ghf, 1
nahth 1:9)
3) njtid Dkfkhf ma ntL vw thirfhf b#f (ghf, r. 19:7-14; 42:1 Kj; 119:1
Kj)
4) jhf ilF vj Ezit cf brhj thif cldoahf bragLJf.
5) jhikahf, nghfglToatuhf Uf.
jfahd braKiwF, gRj Mahdt MFa telJjYF il rkiyia
fhJbfhStJ fodkhfnt UF. j uil rkiygLj fl nknfhf vdF
cjahf Ujd:
5
1) n# l. ra vGa Scripture Twisting, IVP, p. 17-18:
``mja itj MFa ahf bgatfshf UgtfSF kLkyhk, njtDila
kf vnyhUF ilwJ. ntjhfahd jt rKjha mjTWtjF xnu FU vw
Kiw ilahJ. vdnt gRj Mahdt Phd, m, MFa gFjj Ma tufis
bfhLF mnj ntis, UtrdJF mfhutkhf mjTWgtf vW vtiu jJ
vLgJ ilahJ. njtdh wghd wf bfhLfglhjtfSF ntjhfk mfhutkhdjhf
UwJ; vdnt njtDila kf xbthUtU ntjhfkij fwJ, jhJ, gFja
ntL. RUfkhf brhYnthkhdh, ntjhfk vyh kfSF njtDila bkahd btghlhf
UwJ. m FlgLs vyhtWF Wahd mfhuij bfhoUwJ. J KY
uhdjhf Ufiy. xbthU fyhrhuY rhjhuz kf mij Jbfhs Ko.
2) afhil g bgdh uh vGa Protestant Biblical Interpretation, (Grand Rapids, Mich.:
Baker Book House, 1970), p. 75:
afhil bghUjtiu, ntjhfkij yfzahf, brhahf, tuyhW
ufhukhf MbrtJ ntjhfkij bkahf thgjF njitahd Kndhoahf UwJ.
``ntjhfkij njtDila thijahf thf ntLkhdh, gaglD, Ujatkhf,
vghlD, njtndhL ciuahl toY mij thf ntL. ntjhfkij jidyhkY,
ftdyhkY, ffhfnth myJ bjhYfhfnth thgJ mij njtDila thijahf
thgJ my. xUt ner foijnghy mij thFnghJ, mij njtDila thijahf
thwh.
3) v. v. bus vGa The Relevance of the Bible, p. 19:
``ntjhfkij mtkhf JbfhStJ, mJ vtsjh KGikahdjhf UjhY, mj_y
mj vyh bghfis bgWbfhs KoahJ. gogl mit mJ btWfiy; Vbdwh
ij KGikahf JbfhStJ mahtakhdjhF. Mdh KGik bgw ntLkhdh,
mJ j jf MFa bghfis MFaufhukhf JbfhStjF
telj ntL. go MFa ufhukhf JbfhStjF btW mrhj z
nghJkhdjy. MFa fhafis MFaufhukhf gFja ntL. ntjhfkij
Mbr khzt MFa ufhukhf bgWbfhS kndhghtij bfhoUf ntL.
vyh jfJF nkyhd j jfij btWknd matkhf Mbrahk j
tskhd kuikia fLbfhs ntLkhdh jid mtUF xbfhLFgoahf njtid
fLbfhS Mtij bfhoUf ntL.
fl tf cfSF cjbrgoahf M tfho sfiu totikfgLsJ:

1. xbthU jfij mKfbrgoahf, RUfkhd tuyhW RUf bfhLfgLsJ. f
``_whtJ Kiw thig Koj wF, f bfhLJs tufis rghUf.
2. xbthU mfhu JtfY d Fj tuf bfhLfgLsd. mj ya gF
totikig f mJbfhs J cj.
3. gy a bkhbgaf mogil g fS, W jiyfS bfhLfgLsd:
a. The United Bible Society Greek text, fourth edition revised(UBS4)
b. The New American Standard Bible, 1995 update (NASB)
c. The New King James Version (NKJV)
d. The New Revised Standard Version (NRSV)
e. Todays English Version (TEV)
f. The Jerusalem Bible (JB)
g f njtDila Ljiy bgwit my. mit dUJ vLfgl ntL. btntW
jkhd bkhbga bfhiffis, iwa ghitfis gW gntW bkhbgafUJ
xUtuh M vGjhs jid totikig Muhja Ko.
xbthU g xU Ka raij bfhoUwJ. ij ``jiyahd tha vnwh myJ
``mj gF ika fUJ vnwh Flyh. j xUizF jidna rahd tif
tuyhWahf, yfz ufhukhf mjfhgjF mogilahf UwJ. xU gF
Fiwthd gFia xUt vLJbfhL xUnghJ mj mogil mjfhz TlhJ, urf
TlhJ, nghf TlhJ! nkY xbthU g, mij Rs gfnshL irUwJ vgij
kwJl TlhJ. vdntjh f kl KG jfJF mjfhgJ Kakhdjhf UwJ.
6
M njtdh Vtgl vGUF Ma xU fUbghUis vgo jfahf ifahoUwh
vgij xUt fla ntL.
4. Ff xbthU trdkhf mjfhQj braKiwia gWwd. J M vGat
jidnahlij eh gWgo eik LwJ. j Ff gntW fhafis Fj
tufis ekF bfhLwd:
(a) ya d
(b) tuyhWtkhd, fyhrhuyhd tuf
(c) yfzyhd tuf
(d) brh Fj M
(e) bghUjkhd izgFf
5. sfiu y lf gy ed bkhbgafSF gyhf New American Standard Version
bkhbga thijf nrfgLsd:
(a) The New King James Version (NKJV), J Textus Receptus ifbaGJ uia gWwJ.
(b) The New Revised Standard Version (NRSV), J RSVUJ nja Urig f thijF
thij Uaikfgl gghF.
(c) The Todays English Version (TEV), J mbkf ntjhfk rf izahd bkhbgaghF.
(d) The Jerusalem Bible (JB),J buR fnjhf g My bkhbgaghF.
6. nuf bkhia ruskhf thf bjahjtf My bkhbgafis xL ghFnghJ, mj
gFYs ntWghLfis fla Ko:
(a) ifbaGJ u ntWghLf
(b) thijF ntW mjf
(c) yfzahf fodkhd gFfS, totik
(d) kiwbghUshd gFf
My bkhbgafsh j uidF fhz KoahlhY, mitf MHkhd kW
ukhd MnjitgL gFf vW RofhLwd.
7. xbthU maha WY bghUjkhd thj nff bfhLfgLsd. mj mfhuYs
mjfhQj Fj uidfnshL it ilgLwd.

fl M sfiu gFf nghJ ilwd:
gF 0 ``cfsh ntjhfkij Jbfhs Ko fUjuF
gF 1 Mug jt : knj
gF 2 khF vGa Rnr: khF, 1 ngJU, 2 ngJU
gF 3m tuyhwhauha fh: fh vGa Rnr
gF 3M tuyhwhauha fh: mnghjyUila elgof
gF 4 mghd RnrK UgfS: nahth Rnr, 1, 2, 3 nahth
gF 5 g vGa Rnr: nuhk
gF 6 xU JggL rigF g Uf: 1, 2 bfha
gF 7 g Kj Ugf: fyha, 1, 2 bjrnyhnfa
gF 8 g iwrhiy Ugf: bfhnyhbra, vnga, nynkh, a
gF 9 g ehfhtJ mUg gaz: 1 nkhnj, J, 2 nkhnj
gF 10 a clgoif nkik: vbua
gF 11 naR rnfhjuf ngRwhf: ahnfh, jh
gF 12 fodkhd ntisf eif - W iu: btgLj
gF 1AOT vyh vgo JtaJ: Mahfk 1-11
7
Jtf brhbgh
I. bghJthf gagLjgL brhf
A. njtDila bgaf
1. V
2. Vnyh
3. ahnt
4. mnlh
5. V lh
B. ntjhfk ifbaGJ uf kW bkhbgaf bgaf
1. nknrhbuo u (MT)
2. brLth (LXX)
3. tnf
4. uZ
(a) Ayhfh - IjhfkJFa sfiu
(b) Afhlh - KG giHa VghoYKs fijfS, ctikfijfS
5. lhk
(a) Zdh - Ijhfk FJ kw giHa uf _ykhf thtahf tj ghugaf
(b) b#nkuh - fhya uf ZdhF vGa sfiuf
6. jF
7. rhfl RUf
II. giHa Vghil V gof ntL
A. Jnt mnghjyU naRthdtU bgUj xnu ntjhfk gFahF. mtf mUJ mofo
nknfhfis vLJ gagLUwhf.
B. J njtDila Ra btghlhF. J njtdh lgL vGjgljhF.
1. knj 5:17 Kj
2. 2 nkhnj 3:15-17
3. 1 bfha 2:9-13
4. 1 bjrnyhnfa 2:13
5. 1 ngJU 1:23-25
6. 2 ngJU 1:20-21
7. 2 ngJU 3:15-16
8
C. J ekfhf vGjgoUwJ.
1. nuhk 4:23-24; 15:4
2. 1 bfha 9:9-10; 10:6, 11
D. jtf jF vgo brrhf ntL?
1. gntW tuyhWtkhd mQFKiwf
2. ij KGikahf fhJbfhSf
3. ij KGikahf wff
4. ij xU btghlhf, Mdh fLgLJtJ my, kf
5. J ufhd ttif my.
(a) nuhk 4 m.
(b) mnghjy 15 m. ; fyha 3 m.
6. vbua
7. J kjDF njtDila btghlhF. J ekJ thifF xU nehfij bfhoUwJ.
J a VghLF mogilahf UwJ (thFjjUJ iwntWjYF)
III. eh giHa Vghil (ntjhfkij) vgo Mbrnwh - mjfhgJ Fj y mogil

bfhiff
A. ntjhfk aghd khl bkh vGjgoUwJ.
1. njt raij kiwfiy
2. ekJ JbfhSj viyF cgL njt jikjhnk mlbfhSwh.
B. M njtdh Vj bgw vGjhs nehfnk rahf mjfhQtjfhd mogilahF.
mJ Mauh gagLjgL, M mij nfltfsh Jbfhsgl thijf
va mj fhzgLwJ. vdnt xU gFF rahf mjfhz ntLkhdh xUt
flitfis fUbfhs ntL:
1. tuyhW d;
2. ya d;
3. ya tot;
4. yfz;
5. thijf nghija mj;
6. vGa Ma vGJ totik.
C. ntjhfk KGtJ VtgL vGjgoUwJ (2 nkh. 3:16). vdnt ntjhfknk ntjhfkJF mj
TWt wghdjhf UwJ. ij eh ``Rthr xik myJ izahd gFf vW
miHnwh.
1. f bjthd gFia eh njLnwh;
2. njtDila xUizj nehfij eh njLnwh;
3. Kuzhd iz gFf bfhLfgLs raij eh njLnwh.
D. fyhrhu flJ gitfUJ, a raUJ eh vgo fyhrhuij, flJ
gitfis ja Ko?.
1. giHa VghL ra a VghL vGjhsuh cWgLjgLwjh?
2. j raij bjg ntjhfk xWnghy bragLwjh?
3. j ra bjthd fyhrhu gjf bghagoUwjh?
9
IV. giHa VghLF bghUjkh uhjd ka H mogil njrtiugl
A. iyf (nkUJ Hfhf)

1. kajiu fl (bgUfl) 8. ahnghF MW
2. ye 9. mndh MW
3. tj rKu 10. fnyah fl (dnu fl)
4. mgh tisFlh 11. IuhJ e
5. v e 12. il e
6. cfl (rhfl) 13. ghuf tisFlh
7. nahjh e
B. giHa Vgho njtDila kfJ jhf isj ehLf (nkUJ Hfhf)

1. nuhkh 6. bgj ehL 11. mnkh 16. mah
2. nuf ehL 7. jh 12. ngnfah (gndh) 17. ghnyh
3. fnjh (nujh) 8. unt 13. ah 18. bgah
4. (U) 9. Vnjh 14. Va ehL (mdnlhah) 19. nkah
5. vJ 10. nkhth 15. muah 20. Vyh
C. Ka ehLf jiyefuf (ulh nj)

1. bk (vJ) 5. jkF (ah)
2. vUrny (jh) 6. nt (mah)
3. rkhah (unt)) 7. ghnyh (ghnyh)
4. U (ngnfah) 8. N[h (bgah)
D. kw Kakhd efuf (_whtJ nj)

1. C 6. bgynf
2. Muh 7. vnuh
3. bknjh 8. bgabrgh
4. nf 9. mth/n#hth/nl
5. vnfh 10.
E. kiyf (_whtJ nj)

1. muuh 5. fnk
2. vnkh 6. nengh/fh
3. jhngh 7. nah/nkhah (vUrny)
4. Vgh myJ bf (nf) 8. dh/Xnu
V. giHa Vgho mogil fhy mltiz
A. fhy Flglhj ff (M. 1-11)

1. UZo 3. #yusa
2. GJnghFj 4. ghng nfhu
10
B. gJ fhyflfS ffS
1. Kjhf fhyfl (M. 12-50, nah) - . K. 2000
2. gazbrj (ahuhfk) - . K. 1445/1290
3. btbfhSj (nahRth) - . K. 1400/1250
4. Iakhd murhSif (r, jhJ, rhbyhnkh) - . K. 1000
5. gl MSif (bubfhbgah - Kjyh babuhbgah) - . K. 922
6. rkhah (unt) - . K. 722
7. vUrny (jh) - . K. 586
8. nfhnuR Miz (bgah) - . K. 538
9. ulhtJ Mya - . K. 516
10. giHa Vgho Ko (kah) - . K 430
C. njtDila kf Ka vf
1. vJ 6. ghnyh
2. fhdh 7. bgah
3. bgah 8. nuf
4. ah 9. nuhkh
5. mah
D. fhytirgo uh#hf
1. Ia MSif
(a) r
(b) jhJ
(c) rhbyhnkh
2. unt
(a) Kjyh babuhbgah
(b) Mfh
(c) ulh babuhbgah
(d) Xah
3. jh
(a) bubfhbgah (f) nahthfh (3 khjf)
(b) cah (g) nahah
(c) vnrah (h) nahah (3 khjf)
(d) kdhnr (i) njah
(e) nahah (j) bfjah (ghuf MSe)
4. bgah
(a) ulh nfhnuR (. K. 550-530)
(b) nfr (. K. 530-522)
(c) Kjyh j (. K. 522-486)
(d) mfhntU (. K. 486-465)
(e) mjrZlh (. K. 465-424)
5. 1 kW 2 uh#hf W jh, unt kW mah, ghnyh, bgah, nuf ehL
itf uh#hf KG goaiy ghUf.
11
Mahfk - mKf
I. jf bga
A. vbua bkh (MT) J bgbu vw Kj brhyhF; ``Mny vgJ j
brhyhF.
B. brLth bkhbga J Jtf vW miHfgLwJ. 2:4 trdUJ J
vLfgoUwJ. ghnyh gh vG vGatf ntwhd iwa thif tuyhiw
xwhf izf gagLaJnghy, Ma RUf brhbwhluhf ij gagLUwh.
j Kakhd RUf brhbwhl mjF Kdh eljij twJ.
II. mfhutkhf ntjhfk VWbfhsgLj
A. J VWbfhsgl vbua ntjhfk Kj gF xU gFahF. j gF ``njhuh myJ

``nghjidf myJ `àhaukhz vW miHfgLwJ.
B. brLtho j gF Ijhfk (IJ RUf) vW miHfgLwJ.
C. y ntisf J ``nkhnr IJ jff vW miHfgLwJ.,
D. Mahfk Kj cghfk tiu UZo Kj nkhnr thif tiu nkhnrdh bjhlJ

vGjgljhF.
III. vtifglJ - Mahfk jf mogil iwaahd, tuyhW ciueilahf UwJ. Mdh

kw tifgl ya eilfS cslUwd.
A. fij, vLJfhL 2:23, 4:23 (1-2 mfhufis nrJbfhsyh).
B. fjrd, vLJfhL 3:15; 49:1 Kj (J fij eilY UwJ).
IV. vGat
A. ntjhfkjhnd vGat bga Flgliy. Mahfk vwh kW benfah f

fhzgLtJnghy `èh vw gFfS, mnghjyUila elgof fhzgLtJnghy `èhf
vw gFfS fhzgliy.
B. j ghuga:
1. uhjd j vGjhsf nkhnr ij vGajhf brhYwhf:
(a) . K. 185 vGjgl bguh ``vahof 24:23
(b) jhko xU gFaha ghgh guh 1M gF
(c) v mbyrahit nrj nyh, xU j jJtPh naRthdt CaJF
Kdh vGanghJ, go FoUwh.
(d) j tuyhwhauha ~nya n#hrg naR CaJF wF go
vGUwh.
2. njhuh vgJ xU Iakhd tuyhW gthf UwJ. MahfkJF wF xbthU jfK
(vzhfk ju) ``nkY vw iz brhiy bfhL JtFwJ.
3. J nkhnrF bfhLfgl btghlhF
(a) nkhnr itfis vGajhf brhygoUwJ:
(1) ahuhfk 17:14
(2) ahuhfk 24:4, 7
12
(3) ahuhfk 34:27, 28
(4) vzhfk 33:2
(5) cghfk 31:9, 22, 24-26
(b) njt nkhnr _y ngajhf brhygLsJ:
(1) cghfk 5:4-5, 22
(2) cghfk 6:1
(3) cghfk 10:1
(c) nkhnr njhuh thijfis kfSF brhdjhf brhygLsJ:
(1) cghfk 1:1, 3
(2) cghfk 5:1
(3) cghfk 27:1
(4) cghfk 29:2
(5) cghfk 31:1, 30
(6) cghfk 32:44
(7) cghfk 33:1
4. giHa VghL Maf nkhnr vGajhf brhUwhf:
a. nahRth 8:31
b. 2 uh#hf 14:6
c. vwh 6:18
d. benfah 8:1; 13:1-2
e. 2 ehshfk 25:4; 34:12; 35:12
f. jhna 9:11
g. kah 4:4
C. jt ghuga:
1. njhuhUJ vLfgl nknfhf nkhnrdh brhyglit vW naRthdt
brhUwh:
a. knj 8:4; 19:8
b. khF 1:44; 7:10; 10:5; 12:26
c. fh 5:14; 16:31; 20:37; 24:27, 44
d. nahth 5:46-47; 7:19, 23
2. kw a VghL vGjhsf njhuhUJ vLfgl nknfhf nkhnrdh
brhyglit vW brhUwhf:
a. fh 2:22
b. mnghjy 3:22; 13:39; 15:1, 15-21; 26:22; 28:23
c. nuhk 10:5, 19
d. 1 bfha 9:9
e. 2 bfha 3:15
f. vbua 10:28
g. btgLj 15:3
3. bgUghyhd M Urig jhf nkhnrna vGdh vgij xbfhoUwhf.
Inua, mbyruh glzJ ybkJ, bjJa Mnah nghija VWbfhsgl
Mahfk totik nkhnr bjhlig FJ nfbaGUwhf.
D. ed fhyJ mPf
1. njhuhl rkfhyJF kf uhjd vGJfis Jbfhs cjahf y gFf
nrfgLsd vgJ bjthf bjwJ:
a. Mahfk 12:6; 13:7; 14:14; 21:34; 32:32; 36:31; 47:11
b. ahuhfk 11:3; 16:36
c. vzhfk 12:3; 13:22; 15:22-23; 21:14-15; 32:33Kj
13
d. cghfk 3:14; 34:6
e. uhjd fhyJ ntjghuff ewhf fwJ gbgUjhf xbthU ehoY
Ujtf f ntWgld:
(1) bkbrhbghjhah vij khl TlhJ vg f ftdkhf Ujhf;
jtW vJ yhjgo rghjhf. Rnka ntjghuf xUt vGa moF
go fhzgLwJ: ``J JtfKj Ko tiu KGikahf UwJ.
ubaLfgL, rghfgL, xlgL, xbthU FY rghfgLsJ
(fhy . K, 1400)
(2) v rkfhya thrffSfhf uhjhd f khbaGjgld. FuhUj
ntjghuff j mQKiwia gdhf.
2. gbjhgjh whL mPf njhuh gy fhyflfis nrj gy Mjhufis
izJ nrfgLsJ vW Tdhf (uh-btAhr). J j mogilia
bfhoUwJ:
a. njtDila gy bgaf
b. ntj gF btgilahd rnjff
c. tuf tot
d. tuf iwa
3. vLJbfhsgl _yhjhufS fhyfS:
a. J Mjhu (ahnt vw bga gagLjgLsJ) - . K. 950
b. E Mjhu (Vnyh vw bga gagLjgLsJ) - . K. 850
c. J E uil izJ - . K. 750
d. D Mjhu (ahaukhz jf - 2 uh#hf 22:8 - nahah rka Uj ntiy
Myaij RfjnghJ fLofglJ. J cghfk jf vW fUjgLwJ.
J nahah kWkyF Mjuthf bgabjahj xU Mrhadh vGjgljhf
fUjgLwJ) - . K. 621
e. P Mjhu (rkarlF kW brKiwf mla Mrha xGF) - . K. 400
f. njhuh Ua Maf nriff nrfgLsd. jf tfns mtf
vW cWahf TWwhf:
(1) vGjgl fhyYs ujhd Mrha
(2) fjaha vnuah
(3) ntjghufdha vwh - .K. 586 vUrny nghJ _yuf mfgl
goah t mij kWgokhf vGdh vW 4 vuh TWwJ.
g vwhY, J. E. D. P. bfhif njhuhUJ %gzijl, ekJ ed ya
bfhiffis FJ mfkhf TWwJ (R.K. Harrison, Introduction to the Old Testament,
pp. 495-541 and Tyndales Commentaries Leviticus, pp. 15-25).
h. vbua ya gf
(1) vbua ya Mfhk 1, 2 fhzgL uilaf bghJthf
fhzgLwd. bgUghY Kj bghJthd tu bfhLfgL wF, Fl
tu bfhLfgLwJ. J rafis nkgL Tw, thtahf brh
kdghl bra Vw tahF.
(2) njtid Ff gagLjgL uL bghJthd bgafS iwa
KaJtij bfhoUwd vW uhjd uf Tdhf:
(a). njt unty urfuhf, guhf jik mKf brJbfhSnghJ
mtUila clgoif bga - ahnt (ghf, r. 103)
(b). njt cyYs vyh tfis Uojtuhf, mUSgtuhf, fhwtuhf
jik mKfbrnghJ - Vnyh (ghf, r. 104)
(3) ntjhfk myhj w ka HF yaf xUizj ya gilf
gntW eilfS, brhtsK fhzgLtJ nghJthf UwJ (Harrison, pp. 522-
526).
E. uhjd ka HF yaUJ ilF %gz nkhnr Mahfkij vGj vGjgl

gh Mtzfis myJ bkbrhbghjhah eilyhd tht ghugafis
14
gagLdh vW brhYwJ. J njtdh Lj bgW vGaij FiwgLjiy; J
Mahfk ya eilia FJ sFtjfhd Kaahf UwJ. Mahfk 37M
mfhuUJ eil Fljf va jhf fhzgLwJ; J unty v Uj
fhy ytj ya myJ thbkh ghuga brfis gagLdh vgij
fhLwJ. nkhnr bgw mogil f va fahF! Ijhfkf ya toit FJ
vjj raK yhkUwJ. Mdh mt ntjghuffis gagLUfyh; nkY/myJ
vGjgl myJ thbkhahf tj ghugafis gagLUfyh. giHa Vgho j Kj
y f tuyhWtkhf rakhditahf, eg jFjitahf Uwd.
V. fhy
A. Mahfk ugr UZofglUJ Mufh FLg tiuyhd tufis bfhLwJ.

mj fhya rkarhyhj yaUJ Mufh fhyij ff Ko. mnefkhf
j fhy . K. 2000Mf Ufyh. jfhd mogil:
1. jfgdh FLgJF Mrhadhf braglh (nahitnghy).
2. thif kijfis g brY ehnlho thifahf UjJ.
3. j fhy brko kf w lf Fonadhf.
B. Mahfk 1-11 mfhuf Jtffhy ff bkahfnt ``tuyhW ffshf Uwd.
(``tuyhW ehlfkhf Ufyh). Mdh nghJ mUgitfis bfhL fhyij ff
KoahJ.
C. Mahfkij goFnghJ, tuyhW ff njtDila kfis vUJ btna
elbfhLtj nkhnrdh vGjgld vgij id itUf ntL. mj fhy
gogljhf Ufyh: 1) 1 uh#hf 6:1 mogil . K. 1445. 2) ijbghU M
mogil . K. 1290Mf Ufyh. vdnt, thbkh ghugagoahfnth, maglhj vGjgl
VLf mogilnyh myJ njtDila btgho_ykhfnth nkhnr ``vyh vgo JtaJ
kW ``V vgij vGitUwh.
VI. tuyhW dF Mjuthd Mjhuf
A. kw ntjhfk f
1. UZo - rj 8, 19, 50, 104.
2. Mufh fhy - nah
B. rka rhgw ijbghU M Mjhuf
1. Mahfk 1-11 mfhuf fyhrhu dF izahf UgJ . K. 2500I nrj
tlF ah vgh gh gntLfshF - it mfhoa bkh vGjgoUjd.
2. UZo
a. UZoig FJ beUfkhd tif ilgL bkbrhbghjhah gntL vDkh vZ
gntlhF; J .K. 1900-1700 fhyflij nrjJ. ntUj mNghgh
yfY, w lfY J fhzglJ. khLdh UZofglJ Fj gy
mfhoa bkh gh gntLf fLofgoUwd.
(1) mR (Rjkhd -M) kW oahnk (c - bg) bjtf mlfhj, rjnghL
isfis bgUjhf. j uL bjtfS is bjtfis
mikgLj Kawd.
(2) bjt isf xwha khL, oahkil njhfof cjaJ. mtSila
ruUJ mt ia cUthdh.
(3) khL njhfofgl kbwhU bjtkha FUJ kjiu cUthdh.
j F mR kuzJF wF oahko M Jizahf Ujh. F
ujUJ kDFy cUthfglJ.
(4) khL ghnyha M bjtf jiytdhf Ujh.
b. `ÙZo Kiu vgJ xU gh kgyifahF. Milyhj M, bg
kW xU rg u bghfgoUwJ.. j rg xU ku mokuij
15
RbfhoUwJ. mJ bgnzhL ngRtJnghy fgoUwJ.
3. UZo #yusaK - iy Uj bjtf mfkhd ntiy fhuzkhf
fyfbrjd vW ``muhAh uhzfij brhYwJ. j Hhd bjtf flikf
mtfSF cjbrgoahf VG khl jgd UZofgoUjhf. itf
fhuzkhf - 1) mf kf. 2) Tr xU bfhis neh _ykhf khlf vif
FiwfglJ. jfhf uL grfS, W xU #yusaK vyh llgld.
j Ka ff Mahfk 1-8 mfhuf FlgLsgona eljd. j gh
gntL vDkh vZ kW fhZ uhzfijianghy . K. 1900-1700 fhyflij nrjJ.
it vyhnk mfhoa bkh vGjgoUwd.
4. #yusa
a. iu nrj vL b#d vw Rnka gyif . K. 1600 fhyflij nrjJ.
Ruhit g tuUF #yusaij g brhygoUwJ.
(1) bjtkha vfh tuUF #yusaij FJ vrjJ.
(2) uh#-Mrhadha Ruh xU bga gl fhghwglh.
(3) j #yusa VG ehf ojJ.
(4) cyj jiu fhzgLwjh vW flgo Ruh xU gyfia wJ, gy
gwitfis btna lh.
(5) mt glifL btnaanghJ, xU fhisia Mil gahf bfhLjh.
b. ehF Rnka fijfUJ xU ghnyha #yusaij FJ xU thd tu
ilUwJ. J fhZ uhzfij vW miHfgLwJ. J gh to
vGjgoUjhY . K. 2500-2400 fhyflij nrjjhF. #yusaUJ
jiHj cdhZo vgt % uh#htha fhl mijg brhYwh.
jh #yusaUJ jaij FJ jdF ath bfhLfglJ FJ
mt brhYwh.
(1) bjtkha ah tuUF #yusaij FJ vrjJ. mJ cdhZoik
(Ruh ghnyha tot) xU glif fLgo brhaJ.
(2) cdhZ kW mt FLgnjhLTl bjbjLfgl FzkhF jhtufS
iHjd.
(3) j #yusa VG ehf ojJ.
(4) j glF tlF bgah kiy jaJ.
(5) cyj jiu fhzgLwjh vW flgo mt _W btntwhd gwitfis
btna mDdh.
5. uhjd fhyJ #yusaij FJ TW vyh bkbrhbghjhah yafS xnu _yh
jhuij bfhoUwd. bgaf khw fhzglhY, fijfU xwhfnt UwJ.
vLJfhlhf, Ruh, muhAh, cdhZo vyhnk xnu khl uh#hit Fwd.
6. Mahfk Jtffhy ffSF izahf UF tuyhW fSF kDFy
gu brhYtjF Kghf (M. 10-11) njtid Fj mit mDgtij Mjhukhf
Flyh. j bkahd tuyhW idf mogil cyf KGtY #yusa Fj
uhzfij tuf guUwd. itfis FJ go Twyh: UZo (M. 1-2)
kW jf Ia (M. 6).
7. Kjhf fhy (ka btfy fhyfl)
a. kh gyiff - rltkhd gh (mnkha fyhrhu) kW .K. 1700UJ
mfhoa bkh vGjgl jgl gf.
b. gyiff - y Fl FLgf gh RtoTlf. (nAhiu myJ
Aa fyhrhu) . K. 1500-1300 fhyfl ntF bjHnf 100 ik
bjhiyF it fblLfgld. it FLg kW bjh tufis g
brUwd. Fl vLJfhLfSF ghf, Walton, pp. 52-58.
c. myyh gyiff - . K. 2000I nrj tlF ah gh gf.
d. Mahfk fhzgL y bgaf kh gyiff lf bgafshf
FlgLsd: br%, ngnyF, njuhF, ehnfh. kw ntjhfk bgafS bghJthf
fhzgLwd: Mufh, <rhF, ahnfh, yhgh, nahnr.
16
8. tuyhW gfis xL nehFnghJ, Vafisnghy uhjd vbuafS tlHF
gF tuyhiw FJ f rahd, Rarhgw, bghWghd tufis bfhLUwhf.
K Harrison in Biblical Criticism, p 5.
9. ntjhf tuyhWtkhd iyia tWj ijbghU Mf mf cjahf Uwd.
vwhY xU vrig bfhLf ntL. itf fhuzkhf ijbghU M KY
eifFa tfhoahf Ufiy:
a. Jtf fhy ijbghU Mf rahd f gwgliy.
b. fLofgl ijbghU FJ Rarhyhj sf bfhLfgliy.
c. uhjd ka Hif FJ vj xbfhsgl fhytir Ufiy.
C. UZo Fj va gfis j fhzyh: John H. Waltons, Ancient Israelite Literature

in Its Cultural Context. Grand Rapids, MI: Zondervan, 1990. Pp. 23-34, 32-34.
1. va ya UZo toyhj, xGyhj, M #yUJ JtaJ., #y
xGikUJ tsbgw totikghfnt UZo fhzgLwJ.
2. bkir nrj va ya lh ngrgl thij_ykhf UZo
JtaJ.
D. ugr a Fj Rnr FGf yhr:
1. Institute for Creation Research (Young Earth)
P. O. Box 2667
El Cajon, CA 92021-0667
2. Reasons to Believe (Old Earth)
P. O. Box 5978
Pasadena, CA 91117
VII. ya myFf (d)
A. ``tr tuyhW (nlhnlh) vw nkhnr brhbwhl mogil j RUf jahf

gLsJ:
1. thd kW Jtf, 1:1-2:3
2. kDFy Jtf, 2:4-4:26
3. Mjh tr, 5:1-6:8
4. nehth tr, 6:9-9:17
5. nehth Fkhuf tr, 10:1-11:9
6. nr tr, 11:10-26
7. njuhF tr (Mufh), 11:27-25:11
8. knt tr, 25:12-18
9. <rh tr, 25:19-35:29
10. Vrh tr, 36:1-8
11. Vrh Fkhuf tr, 36:9-43
12. ahnfh tr, 37:1-50:26 (1-11 tiu bkbrhbghjha ya tuyhW d, 12
va ya d fhzgLwJ.)
B. nehf Fj RUf:
1. kj UZo, kjUJ UZo, 1-2
2. kDFyK UZo , 3:1-11:26
3. vyh kjUF xU kj (3:15, 12-50)
a. Mufh (12:1-3), 11:27-23:20
b. <rhF, 24:1-26:35
c. ahnfh, 27:1-36:4
(1) jh (nkah trht)
(2) nahnr (uil y Rjju), 37:1-50:26
17
VIII. Ka raf
A. vyh vgo JtaJ?

1. ntjhfk cyfghit gy bjt bfhif my, xnu njt vw bfhifahF. UZo
``vgo vgjy `àh vgnj mJ ghitia xUKfgLJwJ. mj ehf mJ
jwghdjhf UjJ.
2. njt Ia cwit Udh. UZo njt kjndhL Ia bfhStjfhd xU fskhf
UjJ.
3. Mahfk 1-3 kW 12M mfhu yhk ntjhfk va gFia JbfhStJ
fodkhF.
4. njtDila jJF jh Jbfhl mogil kj Rthr brrhf
ntL (M. 15:6; nuhk 4).
B. V cyf ikahdjhf, ahayhjjhf UwJ? mJ `` f ewhUjJ (1:31). Mdh

kj ght brjh (M. 3). J gafukhd isfis bfhLtjJ :
1. fhp Mngiy bfhYwh, (4)
2. yhnk gthFj (4:23)
3. kj muk, (6:5,11-12; 8:21)
4. nehth FoJbtj (9)
5. ghng nfhu, (11)
6. C glz gybjt tzf
C. njt ij vthW rbranghwh?

1. nkah tUth (3:15)
2. vnyhiu miHFgo njt xUtiu miHwh (M. 12:1-3 ; ah. 19:5-6)
3. njt Uigdh jh mUSwitf _ykhf GJnghd kjndhL bragl
UgKstuhf Uwh (Mjh, Vth, fhp, nehth, Mufh, jf kW w#hah):
a. thFjjf
b. clgoiff (gjidnahL csit kW gjidyhik)
c. g
d. Muhjid
IX. brhf kW/myJ brhbwhlf, Ka egf
A. brhf kW brhbwhlf
1. njt ... vwh 1:3,6,9,14,20,24
2. clhFnth (brnth) 1:26; 3:22; 11:7
3. ekJ rha 1:26,27; 5:1,3; 9:6
4. cyhw njtdha fj 3:8)
5. uhrj 6:4
6. clgoif 6:18; 9:9-17
7. Mufhfjiu Rthjh, mij mt mtDF ahf vdh 15:6
8. jabrjUSj (bAbr) 24:12,27; 32:10
9. RUgf (bjuh) 31:19,30,34
10. PhdUZo 44:5
B. Ka egf
1. nr 4:25 11. Mfh, 16:1
2. VndhF, 5:21-24 12. knt, 15:15; 25:12-19
3. bkryh, 5:22,25-27 13. <rhF, 21:3
18
4. nr, 9:18; 10:27-31 14. yhgh, 24:29
5. fhdh, 9:20-27 15. nfuh, 25:1
6. nuh, 10:8-10 16. ahnfh (unt), 25:26; 32:28
7. njuhF, 11:24-32 17. dh, 30:21
8. nyhJ, 11:31 18. nghgh, 37:36
9. Mufh, 12:18 19. jhkh, 38
10. bknrnjF, 14:18 20. kdhnr, vuhp, 41:51,52
X. njr tiuglYs lf
A. Kj tiugl - Mahfk 1-11 (vf)

1. Vnj njhl, 2:8 7. nt, 10:12
2. bjnf MW, 2:14 8. va, 10:16
3. IuhJ MW, 2:14 9. nrhnjh, 10:19; 13:10
4. muuh kiy, 8:4 10. fnjahYs C, 11:28
5. beah, 10:10; 11:2 11. Muh, 11:31-32
6. ghng, 10:10; 11:9
B. ulh tiugl - Mahfk 12-50 (vf))
1. nf, 12:6; 33:18 12. nkhth, 19:37
2. bgnj, 12:8; 13:3; 35:6 13. mnkh, 19:38
3. bjir ghiytd, benf, 12:9; 13:1 14. bgabrgh, 21:14; 26:33
4. nahjh e, 13:10-11 15. bgj gF, 21:32
5. vnuh, 13:18; 23:2 16. ghuh tdhju, 21:21
6. cfl, 14:3 17. nkhah njr, 22:2
7. fhnjgndah, 14:7; 16:14 18. Muh, 24:10
8. jkF, 14:15 19. Vnjh, 25:30; 36:1;8-9,19
9. rhny, 14:18 20. ahnghF MW, 32:22
10. v e, 15:18 21. bgynf, 35:19
11. N tdhju, 16:7 22. nfhnr ehL, 45:10; 46:34
XI. khztfSfhd nff

Mahfk 1-11 mogil nff
1. njtDila Jtfij FJ ntjhfk thfgoUwjh?
2. UZoig FJ ntjhfkJF maYF il f fhzgLwjh?
3. Mahfk Kj mfhu vgo w ka HF UZo brfnshL bjhlilajhf UwJ?
4. a kW v Anyh brhfSF sf bfhLf.
5. mfhu 1, 2 mfhuf V njtDF UntW bgaf FlgoUwd?
6, kj UZofglJ FJ UntW tuf Uwdth?
7. MQ bgQ njtDila rha UZofgoUwhf vg mj vd?
8. xnu njtid Ff V gikbrh gagLjgoUwJ? 1:26, 27; 3:22; 11:7
9. ntjhfk va gFia Jbfhs V _wh mfhu Kakhdjhf UwJ?
10. rg ngRtJ nghy FlgoUgJ (3:1) ij xU uhzfijahf MFwjh?
11. V 3:15 trd Kakhdjhf UwJ?;
12. 3:16 trd vgo ed thifF bghUjkhdjhf UwJ?
13. Vnj njhl uL wghd kuf Uwdth? myJ xU kukh?
19
14, fhp trhtUJ, 4:16-24, rKjha VgLs tsia goaLf.
15. #yuas nehf vd?
16. kj ghng nfhuij foa nehf vd?
Mahfk 12-50 mogil nff
1. nehthnthL bragl clgoifF MufhnkhL bragl clgoifF ilYs ntWghL
ahJ?
2. MufhnkhL bragl clgoifF juyhnjhUF ilYs bjhl ahJ?
3. 12M mfhu Mufhl gyd kW RthryhikF fhzgL milahsf ahit?
4. bknrnjF ah? Mufh V mtDF jrkghf bfhLjh?
5. V 15:12-21 trdf mf KaJt thjitahf Uwd?
6. Mahfk 18M mfhu tU _W kD ah? (V kW vnf?)
7. jh rhuhis kzJbfhoUgJFJ Mufh V bgh Tdh? mt ahl bgh Tdh?
8. bubgfhS ahnfh V <rhif Vkhdhf? (27)
9. nkah trhtUJ %g, ny, nah tf V wffglhf vW sf. (3,
49)
10. cf brhj thijf nahnr fdfis tf. (37)
11. nahnr V j rnfhjufis milahs fLbfhshjJnghy eojh?
12. V nahnr uL FkhufS, ahnfh w Fkhufisnghy rkkhd Rjjuij bgwhf?
20
ahuhfk - mKf
I. jf bga
A. vbua bkh (MT) J ``Fkhuf ehkfshtd vW JtFwJ.
B. brLth bkhbga J ek odos vW miHfgLwJ. ``btna brY t myJ

``btna brY ghij vW mjkhF.
C. b#nuh y tnf bkhbga J exodus vW miHfgLwJ.


vGjgljhF.
III. vtifglJ - ahuhfk jf _W tifgl ya eilf cslUwd.
A. tuyhW ciueil, ah. 1-19; 32-34
B. fij, ah. 15.
C. MrTlhu Fj tuf, ah. 25-31, mJ flgLj, 35-40.
IV. vGat
A. njhuh xnu Iakhd yhF. ahuhfk Kija nyhL izjjhf JtFwJ., Mahfk
jf RUfgFia ghUf.
B. nkhnrna ij vGdh vW FL gy gFf ahuhfk csd:

1. 17:14; 2. 24:4, 12; 3. 34:27, 28
C. nahRth 8:31 trd ahuhfk 20:25 trd nknfhshf vLJ fhlgL, nkhnr mij vGajhf
brhygoUwJ. naRthdt ah. 20:12, 17 trdfis FL nkhnr mij vGajhf
brhUwh, khF 7:10.
V. ahuhfk jf fhy
A. ahuhfk fhyij FJ uL tYef fUJf fhzgLwd:

1. 1 uh#hf 6:1 trdUJ. j trd `` unt u vJ njrUJ wgl
eh}W vgjh tUY, rhbyhnkh untnk uh#hthd ehyh tU khjkha
ulh khjY, mt fj Myaij flbjhldh vW brhYwJ.
22
a. rhbyhnkh . K. 970 MSifbra Jtdh. FthFth nah (. K. 853) jF
Mjhukhf UwJ.
b. mtDila MSif ehfh Mo (. K. 965) Mya flglJ. mnefkhf ahuhfk
1445/6 MLf eljJ.
2. mgoahdh J v 18MtJ MSiftirnghJ elUf ntL.
a. kfis xLa ghnth _wh jnkhrhf Uf ntL (. K. 1490-1436).
b. ahuhfk ntis ghnth ulh mkbAhbl Mf Uf ntL (. K. 1436-
1407).
(1) vnfhUJ ilj %gzij y ewhf. _wh mbkbAhbl
MSifnghJ (. K. 1413-1377) vnfhF vJF il vj muaahd
bjhl iy vw cikia J mogilahf bfhlJ.
(2) _wh mbkbAhbl MSifnghJ, AU fhdh njrij Mujij
Fj muaahd fojbjhlf mkdh gntLf gbragLsd.
vdnt ahuhfk ulh mkbAhbl fhy elUf ntL.
(3) 13M whL ahuhfk fhyflkhf UFkhdh, ahahgf fhyfl
mjnfwgo nghJkhd fhyij bfhoUfiy.
3. j njfis FJ UfToa uidf:
a. brLtho 480 my, 440 MLfns FlgLsd.
b. 480 MLf vgJ xbthW 40 MLfis bfhl 12 jiyKiwfis Ffyh.
mgoahdh j vif cUtfahd vifahf UwJ.
c. MnuhUJ rhbyhnkh tiu Mrhaf 12 jiyKiwd Uwd (ghf,
1 ehsh. 6). mjwF rhbyhnkhUJ ulhtJ Mya fhy tiu 12 jiyKiwd
Uwd. jfS nuffisnghy xU jiyKiw vgJ 40 MLf vW
fzld. vdnt KdhY, dhY 480ML fhy fl UwJ (vf
milahsahf gagLjgoUwd) (ghf, r vGa Redating the Exodus and
Conquest)
4. ntW _W gFfYTl njf FlgLsd:
a. Mahfk 15:13,16 (ghf, m. 7:6), 400 MLfhy moikjd;
b. ahuhfk 12:40-41 (ghf, fyh. 3:17);
(1) MT - v 430ML fhy Uj.
(2) LXX - brLth - v 215 ML fhy Uj.
c. ahahgf 11:26 - btbfhSjYF bajh ehSF il 300 MLf
(1445F Mjuthf UwJ)
d. m. 13:19, ahuhfk, miyJ j, njrij btbfhSj - 450 MLf
5. uh#hf iy vGa Ma ltlkhd tuyhW Ffis gagLUwh;
vfis KGikahfiy (v a, A Chronology of the Hebrew Kings, gf 83-85)
B. ijbghU MUJ nrhjidfhf vLfgLs %gz .K. 1290 fhyij myJ 19MtJ
va MSiftir fhyij RofhLtJnghy njhWwJ.
1. nahnrdh xnu eh ghnthid jdJ jfgid rf KojJ. v jiyefuij
glzUJ kWgokhf ie bllhF kha Kj Rnj ghnth Kjyh nr
Mth (1309-1290). K nrh MSif jiyefuhf Uj mth/nrhth/nlRF
t jiyefiu khdh. tnd xLa fhyJ ghnthdhf Uf ntL.
a. J v nrh MSifia FJ uL brfSF bghUjkhf UwJ.
(1) ulh uhknr fhyij nrj xU fLofgLsJ. J 400
MLfSF Kdh mth jhfglij (. K. 1700 nrh[h)
bfhlhLwJ.
(2) Mahfk 15:13 trdYs xLFj 400ML fhyflij FwJ.
b. nahnr xU nrh (brko) ghnth fhy mfhuJF tjh vgij J
RLwJ. v a MSif ahuhfk 1:8 trd FlgLsJ.
2. nr vw va brhYF ``ma njrfis MSifbrgt vW mjkhF. tf
va myhj brko uh#hfshf Ujhf. tf 15 kW 16M MSif tirfSF
23
il (. K. 1720-1570) vij MSifbrjhf. y tfis nahnr mfhuij
bgwnjhL bjhlgLj Uwhf. . K. 1720UJ eh 430 MLfis fnghkhdh
. K. 1290 tUwJ.
3. nr Fkhu ulh uhknr (1290-1224) Mth. J vbua moikf glrhiy foa xU
glz vW ahuhfk 1:11 trd FlgLsJ. v nfhnrDF mUUF
j gF Mahfk 47:11 trd FlgLsJ. th/nrhth/nl . K. 1300-1100
MLfUJ `ùhknr L vW miHfglJ.
4. ulh uhknrir nghy _wh jnkhR mfkhf fLkhd gf <Lglh vW
magLwh.
5. ulh uhknrRF 47 bgkf Ujhf; tf jjahd mukidf
tjhf.
6. fhdh bga muzhd glzf bgUghyhdit (Mnrh, bj, yh) mfgL,
. K. 1250 I mLj MLf kWgokhf flgld vW ijbghU Muh TWwJ.
38ML fhy tdhju miyJ jij fzLnghJ, j fhy fl .K. 1290F
bghUjkhf UwJ.
7. uhknrRF tj bkbdjh (. K. 1224-1214) unty bjF fhdh UgJ
Fj F fhzgLwJ. (ghf, bkbdjh , .K. 1220).
8. .K. 1300M MLf W fhyfl VnjhK, nkhth tYthd nja jJtij
voUgjhf njhWwJ. 15M who it mikig bgUfiy (Sba).
9. Redating the Exodus and Conquest by John J. Bimson, published by the University of Sheffield,
1978 vw jF Kija fhyij FF ijbghU %gzfSF nuhjkhf
nfbaGwJ.
VI. ahuhfkij Fj w rayhj fhaf
A. vijL wgl kf vif

1. vzhfk 1:46; 26:51 trdf jJF wgljftfshf Ujtf 600, 000 ng
wgljhf (taJ 20-50, ghf ah. 38:26) vW brhygoUwJ. vdnt bgf, Wisf,
Katfis fzLnghJ, 1.5 myJ 2 a ng wgljhf brhyyh.
2. vwhY vbua bkh Muij FF vby~ vw brhYF j mjfS
cL:
a. xU FLg myJ FG, nahRth 22:14; ahahgf 6:15; 1 rhKnt 23:23, rf. 9:7
b. xU uhQt , ah. 18:21,25; cgh. 1:15
c. neuoahf Muij FwJ, M. 20:16; ah. 32:28
d. milahsahf gagLjgLwJ, M. 24:60; ah. 20:6 (cgh. 7:9); 34:7; vnu. 32:18
e. brko bkhahjhukha fh ghFnghJ, jF izahdJ mY~ vgjhF;
u vgJ jF mjkhF (ghf, M. 36:15). j mogil vzhfk 1:39
trdij ghFnghJ jh nfhuUJ 60 ufS, 2700 ufS Ujhf.
xnu nfhu ufnshL xLnghJ, mfkhd uf Ujhf vgnj
uidahf UwJ.
f. NIV Study Bible, 186M gf ij FJ thfgLsJ.
3. j fhyflij nrj va kW ma giluf gyhufz Ug vW
ijbghU M TWwJ., nahRth jf y lf unty uhQt
40000ng Ujd vW FlgLsJ, (ghf, nahRth 4:13; 7:3; 8:3,11,12).
B. unty brw ghij rnjfij swJ

1. itf Ul: 1) va glzf; 2) iyf; 3) Jtf vbua Kfhl lf
it rayhjitahF.
2. ``tj rKu vgJ ah r~ vgjhF. mJ:
a. ``fisf fl myJ `èhzf fliy Flyh. mJ ciu Ffyh,
nahdh 2:5; 1 uh. 9:26 myJ ey iyia Ffyh, ah. 2:3; Vrhah 19:26, Kj
brLth mij tj rKu vW bkhbgajJ. wF tnfL, n#
24
bkhbga mijna gd.
b. bjnfUF fl vW FlgL J nghija brfl, a bgUfl myJ
ghuf tisFlhit Ffyh.
c. giHa Vgho gyjkhf gagLjgoUwJ (ghf, v. 33:8, 10).
3. _W btntwhd ghijfis Flyh. it btntwhd iyfis flJ
brYwd:
a. tlfa ghij - J ka jiu flfiunahukhf brY thf ghijahF. J
``bgjl brY t vW miHfglJ. J thFjjgzgl ehLF
brY s Fiwj tahF. tf vbfhl gF MH Fiwj rJy
gFahF; ngh myJ bkrh Vf j ghij Uwd. Mdh
ahuhfk 13:17 trd jF vuhdjhf UwJ. nkY j ghij va
nfhilf Uwgoah j ghij brUf KoahJ.
b. ka ghij - 1) fr Vf 2) ghyh V 3) orh V Ma iyf FWLwd. J N
tdhju tahf brY xlf gaz ghijahF.
c. bjfa ghij - j ghij nghJ eh brfl vW miHF gu
FWLwJ. J xlf gaf brY ghijahF. J Vnah nfgh jkFF
brY uh#ghijl nrUwJ.
(1) j ghij ehz fhzgLtiy vgJ jF vuhf UwJ.
(2) jF Mjuthf UgJ - 1 uh#hf 9:26 trd Vnahnfgh tj rKu
fiu Ugjhf brhygoUwJ. J tj rKu gFahf UF
mfhgh tisFlhthf UF (ghf, v. 21:4; cgh. 27; ah. 11:16; vnu. 49:12).
d. vzhfk 33M mfhu j uidia bjthf fhLwJ. 8M trd
mtf rKuij eLthf fljhf vW brhygoUwJ. wF gjh trd
mtf tj rKu mUnf ghsawdhf vW brhygoUwJ. J
kbwhU gFahF.
e. mtf vj gFia flJ brUjhY mJ njt brj mjkhF. koJ jf
gfkhf jJ tj va uflUJ unty jfSF njitahd Mjfis
bgwhf. J kbwhU mjkhF, ah. 14:30; 15:4-5.
f. kw yafis ghFnghJ, ah r~ vgJ bjnfUj uhd gF vW
bjwJ. y yaf J rKu myJ tfhs Flh ah r~ vW
miHfgoUwJ.
4. dh kiy Uj lK rnjf UwJ.
a. tdhju _W eh gazkhf brW Muhfnghtjhf nkhnr ghnthl
brhYtij ghnwh (3:18; 5:3; 8:27). bjF dh gfg ghugakhf brhygL
kiyF j FWa fhyJFshf brWl KoahJ. vdnt y tYef j kiy
fhnjgndahF mU Ufyh vW brhYwhf.
b. tdhju fhzgL ghuga lkha ``b#g _[h gy fhafis jdF
rhjfkhf bfhoUwJ:
(1) kiyF Kghf bga rkbt fhzgLwJ.
(2) cghfk 1:1 trd dh kiyUJ fhnjgndahF gbdhU eh gaz u
vW brhYwJ.
(3) ``dh vw brh vbua brh my. J tdhjunjhL bjhlilajhf
Ufyh. j vgJ tdhju fhzgL a jiu FwJ. j
kiyia FL vbua bga Xnu vgjhF; tdhju vgJ j mjkhF.
(4) dh kiy . . ehfh whoUJ ghuga lkhf fUjgLwJ. J
aha njrkhF. J dh gfg bgUgFia, muahit
cslUwJ.
(5) ahuhfk FlgL y glzf Uj lij (V, bjhfh, bu)
ijbghU Muh cWgLUwJ. it dh gfg nkF gF
Ujd vgJ cWgLjgoUwJ.
25
VII. tuyhW dF Mjuthf UF Mjhuf
A. ahuhfkij FJ v vGjgl vj %gzK iy. nanfhth va bjtfis

KYkhf njhfoUwgoah angJiy.
B. gJflisfSF izahd fyhrhu vLJfhLf fhzgLwd:

1. - lh ukhzf (Rnkah), uh#hth bfhLfglJ (. K. 1934-1924)
2. <]edh ukhzf (giHa ghnyhah). mZDdh uh#htha l^h MSif
- . K. 1800
3. AKuh f (giHa ghnyhah) - ghnyh uh#htha AKuh (. K. 1728-1686)
4. . K. 1650I nrj Va uh#hfsha Kjyh K myJ Kjyh AL ukhz
f.
5. ntjhfk ukhzf mogil rkaufhukhd ukhzfJ ghitia xUKfgLJ
tJnghy bkhbrhbghjha ukhzf bghJ fJ ghitia xUKfgLJwd.
``ghu ukhzf vyhtY r_f rh fhzgLwJ. unt ukhz
kj rh fhdgLwJ. bkbrhbghjhah Fwf rKjha mogil ghfgld;
unt vyh FwK W njtDF vuhdjhf ghfglJ. thl, gf 80.
6. Mu M jdJ Essays on Old Testament History and Religion, Oxford, 1966, pp. 81-132,
uL tifgl ukhzfis tifgLUwh:
a. fhuz mogilyhdJ, gjidf fhzgLwd. ``go eljh vw totij
it bfhoUwd. J rkarhghd myJ rKjha ahd rhig bfhoUfiy.
xU fha jilbragLwJ, mij WnghJ tU jlid FlgLwJ.
b. kWfKoahjit. J gjidia FLtiy.
(1) ah. 21 kW cgh. 27:15-26 it glif brhyhf UjhY Fl
fhuzfSfhf jgltfSF bghUjkhdit .
(2) ny. 18:7-17 kW ah. 20/cgh. 5 mfhu Kiy brhiy gagLJwJ.
bgUghY bghJthditahf Uwd.
c. bkbrhbghjha ukhzf bghJthf fhuz mogilyhdit; unt
ukhzf mogil kWfKoahjitahF.
C. nkhnrF vGj bjahJ vW thfglhY, ijbghU M_ykhf Jtffhy fhdha

mRto fLofgLsJ. J nkhnr ehf v gagLjglJ.
1. dhYs va Ruff ntiy brj brko moikfis Fj . K. 1400I nrj
foj nghFtuJ fLofgLsJ (ghf. Albright, BASOR, #110 [1948], p 12-13).
2. uhf gsjh vGJtjF gagLjgl cilj kghl fLof
gLsJ, Albright, BASOR, #110 (1948), p 12.
VIII. ya myFf (d)
A. RUf
1. v unty, 1-11
2. unty vijL btnaWj, 12-18
3. dh kiy unty, 19-40
a. dh kiy thif Fj ukhzf, 19-24
b. dh kiy Muhjid Fj ukhzf, 25-40
(1) Mr Tlhu totik, 25-31
(2) fyfK clgoif JfgLjY, 32-34
(3) Mr Tlhu flgLwJ, 35-40
26
B. thijf
1. it va bjtfjhd njtDila ahafshF. 18 khj fhyfl it
eljd vW bjwJ. t aif ff fhzglhY mit goglitahF:
a. aF mghgl ntis
b. aF mghgl u
c. aF mghgl l
2. gJ thijf RUf
a. y e ujkhf khaJ, 7:14-25
b. jtisf, 8:1-15
c. ngf, 8:16-19
d. tLf, 8:20-32
e. fheilfJ bfhisneh, 9:1-7
f. bfhsf, 9:8-12
g. fkiH, 9:13-35
h. btLf, 10:1-20
i. fhU, 10:21-29
j. rfhuj, Kjngwhdtf bfhygLj, 11:1-8
C. 23M mfhuYs goiff/cgthr ehf goa:

1. thuhu Xeh, 23:3
2. gfh goif (rh khj 14M eh), 23:5; ah. 12
3. yhj mg goif (rh khj 15-21 ehf), 23:6-8; cgh. 16:1-8
4. Kjff (rh khj 22M eh), 23:9-14
5. bgbjbfhnj myJ thuf goif (rh 21M ehSF 50 ehfSF wF, th
6M eh), 23:15-21; cgh. 16:9-12
6. vfhsf CjgLj ( khj Kj eh), 23:23-25; v. 29:1-6
7. ght thuz eh ( khj 10M eh), 23:26-32; v. 29:7-11
8. Tlhugoif ( khj 15M eh), 23:33-44; v. 29:12-40; cgh. 16:13-17
D. thd sf
1. ghf, R. K. Harrison, Introduction to the OT, p 560-562
2. ghf, J. Young, An Introduction to the OT, p 63-72
3. ghf, NIV Study Bible, p 85-87
VIII. Ka raf
A. Mahfk brhygl tuyhiw J bjhlUwJ. bjbjLfgl FLg bjbjLfgl

#hahf tsbgWtij brhYwJ. mtf v moikahfglhY, thFgzgl
njrij cikahbfhSthf (M. 12:1-3; 15:16).
B. dh kiy (Xnu) bfhLfgl clgoif ukhzf gbragLsd :

1. eh vgo thH ntL? (gJflisfS, JizfS)
2. eh vgo Muhf ntL? (MrTlhu, Mrhaf, braKiwf, fhy, rlFf)
3. MrTlhuij vgo fLtJ vgJ Fj ifnaL (nyauhfk)
C. MufhKF fjrdkhf bfhLfglgo (M. 15:16) njt untyUfhf vgo m

kW uf bga brafis brjh vW j brhygLsJ.
27
D. njt ghnthDl ilgLtJ njtDila uh#fJF, kjDila Rahd jJF ilyhd
rkiyia fhLwJ:
1. njt ghnth Ujaij fodgLdh
a. 7:3, 13
b. 9:12
c. 10:1, 20, 27
d. 11:10
e. 14:4, 8
2. ghnth jdJ brhj Ujaij fodgLbfhlh
a. 8:15, 32
b. 9:34
X. brhf kW/myJ brhbwhlf, Ka egf
A. brhf kW brhbwhlf
1. kiz, 1:16
2. c fhf Uw ghjuiria fHnghL, 3:5
3. ``_W eh gaz, 3:18; 5:3; 8:27
4. eh mt Ujaij fodgLJnt, 4:21; 7:3, 13; 9:12, 35; 10:1, 20, 27
5. kuthf, 7:11, 22
6. gGjwJ, 12:5
7. nkfjg, 13:21-22
8. fjahdt, 15:20
9. mg (kdh), 16:4, 8, 14-15, 31
10. Mrha uh{a, 19:4-6
11. rffgLj (herem), 22:20
12. iyf, 23:24
13. VnghJ, 25:7
14. Ughrd, 25:17
15. C, J, 28:30
16. jf, 32:32-33
17. rKfjg, 35:13
B. Ka egf
1. uh#, 1:8 5. bdfh, 6:25
2. fjUila jdhdt, 3:1, 4 6. rfhufhu, 12:23
3. Uwtuhf Unw, 3:14; 6:3 7. ehjh, m, 24:1
4. buFnt, 2:18; vnuh, 3:1; 18:11-12 8. mbknya, 17:8-16
9. nfU, 25:19
XI. njr tiuglYs lf (v tirgo)

1. njh, 1:11 7. N tdhju
2. uhknr, 1:11 8. tdhju
3. ah, 2:15 9. ghuh tdhju
4. Xnu kiy, 3:1 10. bgj njrt, 13:17
5. nfhnr, 8:22 11. mfhgh tisFlh
6. brfl, 10:19
28
XII. khztfSfhd nff
1. ghnth V vbuaiu fL gaglh? 1:7-10
2. V M FHijfis y e vJl ntL? ghnth FLgjh V y e
Fjhf? ye ujkhf khaJ V KaJt thjjhf UwJ?
3. nkhnr V ah njrJF Xonghdh?
4. njt nkhnrF btgLa ehk V Kakhdjhf UwJ? (3:13-16)
5. v njtfSF fjUF ilyhd nkhjiy FJ 3:22 trd TWtJ vd?
6. Mahfk 4:26 trd fjiu bjhGJbfhSt mogil ahuhfk 6:3 trdJF
sfbfhLgJ vgo?
7. thijf v rka vjifa jhfij isjd?
8. njt ghnth Ujaij fodgLaJ mtDila Rahd jij vLJnghLwjh?
9. Kjngwhdtf kg KaJt vd?
10. vbuaUF vUJ Mjf iljd?
11. 18M mfhu nkhnr vnuhit elaUJ mt nanfhthit Rthjh vW brhy
Kokh?
12. unt Mrha uh{akhf Ug RofhlgLtJ vd?
13. gJ flisfis goaLf.
14 23M mfhuYs goif ehfis goaLf.
15. MrTlhuij, mj jLKLfis glkhf tiuf.
16. 32M mfhuYs bghfWFo vjF milahskhf UwJ?
29
nyauhfk - mKf
I. jf bga
A. vbua bkh (MT) J ``fj ... TL vW JtFwJ.
B. lhko (Zdh) J ``Mrhaf ukhz vW miHfgLwJ.
C. brLth bkhbga J ``nyauhfk jf vW miHfgLwJ.
D. b#nuh y tnf bkhbga J Leviticus vW miHfgLwJ.


vGjgljhF.
III. vtifglJ - 8-10 mfhuf fhzgL tuyhW brf ju bgUghY ukhzfis

bfhoUwJ.
IV. vGat - 1:1 trd xU xGFKiw fhzgLwJ - ``fj nkhnrl brhdh - J 35 Kiwf
fhzgLwJ. Mahfk RUf bfhLfgLs tufis ghUf.
V. jf fhy - ahuhfk 40:2, 17 trdfis vzhfk 1:1 trdnjhL xL ghUf. J

ahiu Jt ulhLfSF wF Kj khj fjdh nkhnrF bfhLfglJ vW
bjwJ. ahuhfk RUf bfhLfgLs tufis ghUf.
A. bkbrhbghjhah rlFf Fj ukhzf

1. g vgJ mogil flSF VbwLfgL X czthF. gl fl mj czit
VWbfhS nkirahf UjJ. j glJF mU flSila ftdij
<Fgoahf g l UjJ. uj vj rkatkhd RLjY iy. glaij
itUgt Uf fGij btLwh. cz flfSF, Mrha-uh#hF, mt
cjahsfSF il gJbfhsgLwJ. bfhLgtUF vJ ilgiy.
2. ght g vJ VbwLfgLtiy.
3. neh myJ ntjid fllUJ tU jlidahf fUjglJ. xU Uf bfhLtugL,
mfglJ. J gbfhLgtUF gahf UjJ.
4. unty rlFfSF ntWglitahf, jwghditahf Ujd. xUt
ciH_y njitahd cz iljjfhf njtDF gyhf xiw bfhLgUJ
JtaJ (ghf, M. 4:1-4; 8:20-22).
30
B. fhdh rlfhrhu ukhzf
1. Mjhuf
a. ntjhfk bfhLfgLs tuf
b. ngnfa ya
c. fh ilj uh hdh gyiff; fhdha bjtfis FJ, . K.
1400I nrj uhzfS fhzgLwd.
2. unty kW fhdha gf ljl xWnghy Ujd. Mdh fhdha gf
bfhygl ujJF KaJt bfhLfgliy.
C. v rlfhrhu ukhzf
1. gf VbwLfgld; Mdh tWjgliy.
2. g my, gLgt kndhghtnk Kakhf UjJ.
3. flf nfhgij jf gf lgld.
4. gbfhLgt Ljiy myJ kig vghjh.
D. unty gxGFKiw - unty gf ljl fhdha gfSF xUjd;

Mdh bjhl iy.
1. tF brhbwhlf
a. g vgJ kDFyJF njt njit vg aghd btghlhf UjJ.
b. gfis xGFgLJ giHa VghL ukhzf gLjiy Jtitjd vW
brhy KoahJ (ghf, M. 7:8; 8:20)
c. g xU fhifahf UjJ (Uf myJ isr)
d. gahdJ njtDF VbwLfgL gl gFahfnth myJ KGikahfnth mfgl
ntL.
e. gl g brYjgL lkhf UjJ; mJ njtDila urdJF milahskhf
UjJ.
f. gbfhLgJ vgJ Muhg btaufkhd brayhf UjJ (b#gij
bragLJj)
g. ``brayhfgl b#gf myJ ``rlfhfgl b#gf vgJ giaFj
sfkhF. nfhl n#. btAh rl KaJtij FJ, mjF nuhjkhd
ekJ fyhrhuij FJ sf bfhLUwh (Tyndale, Numbers, p. 25-39).
nyauhfk kW vzhfk jf gogl mnef tuf fhzgLwd;
mit untyUF nkhnrF vgo Kathjitahf Ujd vgij it
fhLwd.
2. gf
a. njtDF bfhLfgL <f
(1) J Ys vyhnk njtDF brhjkhdit vgij xbfhStjhF.
(2) kjl UF vyhtiw mt njtDF bfhLf flgoUwh.
(3) vdnt kj njtDF fhif bfhLtUtJ rahF.
(4) J nrj tifahd fhif myJ <thf UwJ. kj jdJ brhj
Uig fhJbfhs J njitahf UwJ. mJ xiw bfhLgJ kLky,
mtDF njitahd xwhF. mJ j xU gFia njtDF bfhLgjhF.
(5) <it mg_y mij kWgokhf ciknfhu KoahJ.
(6) xU jfdg fhz KoahjjhwJ; mJ njtDila lJF brYwJ.
(7) Jtf njt fhbfhLj lf glfmikfgld. gl
gRjkhd l vW fUjglgoah, g mnf bfhLtuglJ.
b. xUt jdJ KG thifia njtDF xbfhLg btghL
(1) jfdg jhdhfnt VbwLF _W gf xwhF.
(2) ekJ MHkhd gia btgLJgoahf KG UfK jffglJ.
(3) J njtDF cfj gahf UjJ.
31
c. njtndhLTl Ia
(1) g Ia cw mr
(2) rkhjhdg jF xU vLJfhlhf UwJ. mJ njtD kjD Ia cw
UgjF milahskhF.
(3) j cwit bgWgoahf myJ kWgo bgWgoahf g VbwLfglJ.
d. ght
(1) kj ght brnghJ, mt jh Kj cwit (clgoifia) rbrgo
njtl ntobfhs ntoUwJ.
(2) ght thuz gnahLTl Ia ngh#d ilahJ; Vbdwh cw Kf
goUwJ.
(3) uj KaJt
(a) kjDfhf gl lgLwJ.
(b) MrhaDfhf iu lgLwJ.
(c) ujhd MrhaDfhf kfSfhf Ughrd lgLwJ (ny. 16)
(4) ght thuz g uL tiff Ujd. ulhtJ Fwthuz g vW
miHfglJ. j gnghJ Ufij gLtnjhLTl gbfhLgt jdJ
rf untylUJ vLJbfhlJ myJ mjjF gYF g bra
ntL.
(5) Vbfdnt llgl myJ mahik brj ghtJF g ilahJ, 4:1, 22, 27;
5:15-18; 22:14
E. btntwhd gfSFa xGFKiw

1. mfhu 1
a. mKf, ``fj brhaJ 1:1-2; 4:1; 5:14; 6:1,19; 7:22, 28
(1) khL kij myJ MLkijUJ
(2) ``vnghJ J jhdhfnt KtJ brtJ vgij 2M trd fhLwJ.
b. jfdg, tr. 3-17 (6:8-13)
(1) gl
(a) btfy gl, J jfd gl vW miHfglJ. J MrTlhu
thrYfUnf UjJ, J kudh bragL, btfy jflh _l
goUjJ (ghf, ah. 27)
(b) J gRj jyYs bgh glUJ ntWgljhF (ghf, ah. 30)
(c) btfy glUJ beU jz glJF vLJ bryglJ.
(d) btfy gl Mr Tlhu EiHth ne eLnt UjJ.
(e) j gl bfhf Ujd. it j f gRjkhd gFahF. uj
bfhfJ rglJ (ghf, ah. 30:10).
(f) bfhf mnefkhf itfSfhf Ujd:
i. gia VbwLF iffSF milahskhf Ujd
ii. gy kW tyikF milahskhf Ujd (cgh. 33:17; 2 rhK. 22:3.)
iii. fhy, gl bfhfis gbfhSgt kw tU
tiu ghJfhghf Ujh (1 uh. 1:50-51; 2:28)
(2) fhif
(a) gGjw fhis, j KaJt kW iy fhuzkhf Kjyhtjhf
FlgLsJ, tr. 3
(b) M brkahL myJ btshL, tr. 10
(c) fhLwh myJ whFR, tr. 14 (ViHfSF)
(3) Mr Tlhu thrny jfdg brYjgL lkhf UjJ.
(4) iffis itj - fhisfSF kLnk go braglJ, brkahL, btshL
myJ gwitfSF my, tr. 4
(a) fhif bfhLgtnu ij brjh (Mrha my)
(b) J Fwij khWt milahsahd bra vW fUjglJ.
32
(c) y mJ itfis Fjjhf edhf
i. j Uf j Fl jgltlUJ tUwJ.
ii. gbfhLgt bga g VbwLfgL
iii. j gbfhLg ga UfJ iffis itjtUF ilF.
(5) bfhYj
(a) gbfhLgt ``fjUila r fhisia bfhwh. gbfhLgt fhisia
bfhW, mij njhYJ, mij rJrjhf Jlhf ntL. mj kj
fhisia glJF bfhLtUtUJ Mrha gF JtFwJ
(bghJthd gahf uhlh)
(b) brkahL myJ btshL, tr. 11 - ``fjUila r gl, tyw
bfhyglJ. j Hhd UffSF J Flgl lkhf UjJ.
(c) gwit - Mrha j gia bfhW, VbwLjh. gbfhLgt gwit jiyia
s ntL.
(6) ujij ifahSj
(a) Uff
i. Mrha glY, glij RY ujij bjf ntL,
ii. Uf c uj UwJ (ghf, M. 9:4; ny. 17:11). c Vbfdnt
njtDF brhjkhdjhf UwJ. vdnt uj kj bfhLg vj
gif tfiy.
iii. gwit uj gl gf jlgLwJ. mJ jff
gLtiy.
(7) khrij ifahSj
(a) fhis, tr. 6
i. gbfhLgt mij njhYwh. Mrha njhiy itJbfhsyh
(ghf, 7:8),
ii. gbfhLgt mij rJrjhf Jowh.
iii. mJ cnuhoUFnghJ vgoUjJ mgona Mrha mij glnk
mLFwh.
iv. FlfS bjhilfS bjhoYs juh fGtgLwJ.
v. Mrha vyhtiw gl jfwh.
c. jfdg brYjgl ntoa ntisf
(1) Mr Tlhu goiff
(2) ght thuz eh
(3) thuf goif, Kjf myJ bgbjbfhnj
(4) vfhsf goif
(5) ffil mirthLj (ny. 23)
(6) yhj mg goif, gfh
(7) khj Jtf, mkhthir
(8) Xeh
d. jfdg KaJt
(1) njtDF bfhLfgL <
(2) mf ks gahf fUjgLwJ.
(3) J bghJthf ght myJ njhu brYJtJ Fjjhf UwJ.
(4) gFj fUij f rahf uJt brwJ.
(5) xUt jdJ thifia xbfhLgjF milahskhf UwJ.
(6) jgl xUt jdJ thifia njtDila CaJF mggjF
milahskhf UwJ.
(7) fhif k, nkUJ Hhf
(a) fhis
(b) brkahL myJ btshL
(c) gwitf
33
(8) MFa njitia czU vtU njtid mQfyh vgij J fhLwJ. njt
vyh kjUFkhf j Vghil brUwh.
e. MrhafSfhd wghd tuf, 6:8-12
(1) jfdg u KGtJ oafhy tiu va ntL.
(2) jfdg Hhf vnghJ beU vgo ghJbfhs ntL
(3) Mrha Mil Fj tuf
(4) rhgiy mfWtJFj tuf.
2. mfhu 2:1-16 (6:14-23)
a. mKf
(1) j mfhu ngh#dgia FJ brhYwJ.
(2) J Uff yhj, fhffis bfhLgij FwJ
(3) iwUF wF ngh#dg jfdg kW rkhjhdgF Jizahf nrJ
VbwLfglJ. f ViHf mij jahf VbwLfyh vW Mrhaf
Tdhf.
(4) vzhfk 18:19 kW 2 ehshfk 13:5 trdf c clgoif FlgLwJ.
c jkhF vuhdjhf UwJ. mJ bfLnghfhk l eh iyUw
goah njtndhLs clgoifF milahskhf UwJ.
b. ngh#dg xUt jdJ ciH gyid njtDF bfhLgjhF.
(1) j mfhu ngh#dgia FJ brhYwJ.
(2) J Uff yhj, fhffis bfhLgij FwJ
(3) iwUF wF ngh#dg jfdg kW rkhjhdgF Jizahf nrJ
VbwLfglJ. f ViHf mij jahf VbwLfyh vW Mrhaf
Tdhf.
(4) ``PhgfF vgJ VbwLfgl gif myJ njtDF Kghf KGikahf
bfhLtugL gif FwJ.
(5) a Vgho `ìdTU jkhf MrfgL fjUila uhngh#d j
giHa VghL fUij btgLJwJ.
(6) ``gRj kW ``kfhgRj itfSF ilyhd ntWghLf:
(a) ``gRj - MrhaD mtDila FLgjhU ij vj Rjkhd lY
fyh.
(b) ``kfhgRj - Mrhafsh kL Mr Tlhu uhfhu fyh.
c. tiff
(1) Rlglhj bka kh (brtjUF), 2:1-3
(2) Rlgl yhj mur myJ vbz rgl yhj mil, 2:4-11
(3) kfhnrhs myJ nfhJik Kjff (ViHfSF), 2:12-16
(a) Rlglhj bka kh f nkikahd gahf fUjgLwJ. mJ f bka nfhJik
khthF.
(b) Rlgl mgf
i. vbz nrfgLwJ
ii. mL ghfgzgLwJ, tr. 4
iii. jilahd ro ghfgzgLwJ, tr. 5
iv. bghF ro ghfgzgLwJ, tr. 7
(b) kfhnrhs myJ nfhJik ff
i. jffgl TlhJ
ii. Kfgl ntL.
iii. UdUF Kdh gilfgL czitnghy mLitfgl ntL.
34
d. cslf
(1) bka kh gGyhj UfJF izahf UwJ.
(2) vbz brF milahskhf Uwgoah, njtDila urdJF
milahskhf UwJ.
(a) czfhf, gahf, kUjhf, mnf brtjfhf gagLjgLwJ..
(b) vbzia fhifahf brYJtjF gyhf vbzia gagLjyh.
(3) gtf ah myJ muahUJ bfhLtuglJ.
(a) J mjkhd thridia bfhLF mf RjKs xwhf fhzglJ.
(b) J b#gjF JgjF milahskhf UwJ.
(4) c.
(a) tid bfhLF kW ghJfhF Fzhrafis bfhlJ.
(b) bgUghY J ghJfhgijl cztUJ nkir IaJF mfkhf
gagLwJ.
(5) nrfglhj fhaf
(a) jkh nrfgliy, tr. 11.
i. EiuJ bghFtij jLFgo J nrfgliy.
ii. jkh mnthL bjhlilajhF
iii. KjffnshL nrJ, MrhafSF ij fhifahf bfhLfyh.
(b) nj nrfgliy
i. frhW vLfglJ, nj nrf vLfgliy.
ii. J fhdha rlFf gagLjglgoah nf nrfgliy.
e. gbfhLg rlF
(1) J Mrhal bfhLtuglJ. mtnu KG rlif eldh (2:2, 9, 16).
(2) g xU gF Tlhu Mrhadh fglyh. J kfh gRjkhdjhf
UjJ.
f. KaJt
(1) Hhdt Kj nkyhdt tiu bfhLfglJ.
(2) g xU gFia jfgJ, xUtUila ciH gFia njtDF xbfhLg
milahskhf UjJ.
(3) btgilahd mj
(a) jfdg - xUt jdJ thifia xbfhLj.
(b) ngh#dg - xUt jdJ mwhl ciH gaid xbfhLj.
g. jha g Fj wghd tuf, 6:14-23
(1) glJF Kdh g bfhLfglJ.
(2) ciH ga njtDF fhifahf bfhLfglJ; Mdh mJ cik
MrhafSF Mjuthf UjJ.
3. mfhu 3:1-17 (7:13-34) rkhjhd g
a. mKf
(1) V
(a) Ia fhif
(b) clgoif g
(c) xLbkhjkhdtf g
(d) Kothf UF g
(2) J njtndhL, FLg kW egfnshL UF IaJfhf njtDF
eTWjiy btgLJwJ.
(3) J gbfhLF bjhl Kothf UwJ; xuthFjiy clhFwJ.
(4) jfdg njtndhL Ia bfhStjF ua bfhLf ntL vgij
btgLJwJ. rkhjhd g njtndhL Ia bfhoUg rnjhij,
kia btgLJwJ.
(5) M myJ bg Mdh iHyhjJ
35
(6) btntW jkhd gf
(a) kijUJ vLfglJ; M myJ bg
(b) brkahLF btshLF il ntWgL fhlgoUg fhuz
brkaho thYs bfhGghF.
i. kij brkahL - M myJ bg.
ii. kij btshL - M myJ bg
b. rlF
(1) gbfhLj
(a) gJ iff itfgld
(b) Mr Tlhu thr mJ bfhyglJ
(c) j gy jfdgianghy VbwLfglJ
(d) glij RY uj bjfglJ
(e) bjbjLfgl gFf gl njtDfhf jffgld
i. bfhG (brkaho th) brF milahskhf UwJ.
ii. FofhfS fu # j czf UlJF milahskhf
Uwd.
iii. bfhGs gFf gbfhLgt jfdg myJ fhiy bfhLfgL
MLFo g itfgl ntL.
(2) njhu g cslUwJ (7:11-14)
(a) vbz irj yhj mur
(b) vbz rgl yhj mil
(c) vbz irJ tWfgl bka kh
c. Mrha gF, 7:28-34
(1) khfl mirthL gahf MrhaDF brhjkhdJ
(2) mirthLnghJ g gbfhLgt iffY, Mrha iffY itfgLwJ.
J gbfhLgt gia njtDF bfhLgij, wF mJ Mrhadh
VWbfhsgLtij fhLwJ.
(3) tyJ bjhil ij elJ MrhaDF brhjkhdJ
(4) fjUF VbwLF g njtl cajgL, wF kWgokhf Mrhadh
bgWbfhsgLwJ.
d. gbfhLgt gF, 7:15-18
(1) rkhjhdgaha njhu g khr brYjgl mnw fglJ, tr. 15
(2) bghUjid myJ crhf g brYjgl ehY mLj ehY fgl
ntL, tr. 16.
(3) j gF njtDF bfhLfgL, njtdh Mrhal bfhLfgLwJ.
(4) j g njt gbfhLgt, mtDila FLgjh, mtDila egfnshL
nrJ milahsahf wh.
(5) Ia cwf bghUjgzgld vgij j g tWJwJ.
4. mfhu 4:1-5:13 (6:24-30) ghtthuz g
a. mKf
(1) J ghtna Kakhd mrkhf UF Kj gahF.
(2) J kjDF njtDF ilyhd clgoifia kWgokhf cWgLJwJ.
J Iaij bghUjgQwJ.
(3) j g itfis cslUwJ:
(a) mahk brj ghtf
(b) mRjkhd xdh LgL ght
(c) kd mahk gj MizL ght
(d) bra ntoaij brahk Lj
(e) njtDF nuhjkhf mfght fhuzkhf ntLbknw bragL ght
36
cslFtiy. llgL, nehfnjhL bragl vj ghtJF g
ilahJ (ghf, v. 15:27-31).
b. mj
(1) j g Fwij, ghtJfhd jlidia <LbrwJ.
(2) J njtDila g Uigia, kjDila g Rthrij cslfU
wJ.
(3) btWknd rlfhrhuahf Mrg vj g ga bfhLgiy. j
braYF dh UF bfhLgt Rthrnk KakhdJ.
(4) vwhY g bfhLgt btghlhf kL Ufiy. mJ mtDF xiw
brjJ. mJ njtndhLs cwit kWgokhf bfhLtjJ.
(5) j rlF jgl RthrJF gyhf UgJ my, mJ rbrtF njtdh
bfhLfgl ttifahf UwJ.
(6) Rthryhk bragL vj rkaufhukhd braiy njt btWwh, Vrhah
1:10-20; Mnkh 5:21- 24; fh 6:6-8.
c. rlF
(1) ujhd MrhaDF, tr. 3-12
(a) ujhd Mrha - mnfbgw Mrha
i. kfis jtwhf tela ght
ii. jgl ght
iii. ujhd Mrha rKjha MFa uahf Uwh. mt ght
brjh, mt vnyhU ghtbrwhf. J xLbkhj d Fj j
ghitahF (ghf, nahRth 7; nuhk 5:12 Kj).
(b) braKiwf
i. ujhd Mrha gGjw xU sfhisia glJF bfhLtUwh.
ii. mt mj jiy iffis itwh.
iii. ujhd Mrha mj Ufij bfhYwh
iv. ujhd Mrha mj ujij iuF Kdh VG Kiw bjwh.
a) J MrTlhuij RfjJ
b) njtl brY tia milahsahf wjJ
c) uj glJ bfhfJ rgLwJ.
d) jfdgl mo uj CwgLwJ.
v. vyh bfhG jffgLgo glJ itfgLwJ.
vi. va fhis KGtJ ghsaJF wng gl rhg bfhlgL
Rjkhd lJF bfhLnghf gLwJ, tr. 12. mnf Uf va gF
vfgLwJ.
(2) njrJfhf, tr. 13-21
(a) ahaukhz flisfis WnghJ mtf ght brwhf, tr. 13-21.
(b) braKiwf
i. _gf gGjw xU sfhisia glJF bfhLtUwhf.
ii. _gf mj jiy iffis itwhf.
iii. _gf mj Ufij bfhYwhf
iv. ujhd Mrha mj ujij iuF Kdh VG Kiw bjwh.
a) J MrTlhuij RfjJ
b) njtl brY tia milahsahf wjJ
c) uj glJ bfhfJ rgLwJ.
d) vaJ gl mo bfhlgLwJ.
v. mj KGik gl VbwLfgLwJ.
vi. va fhis KGtJ ghsaJF wng gl rhg bfhlgL
Rjkhd lJF bfhLnghf gLwJ, tr. 12. mnf Uf va gF
vfgLwJ.
37
(3) ufhf, tr. 22-26
(a) u, tr. 22-26
i. nfhu jiyt
ii. rKjha bghWs xU eg
iii. _g
(b) braKiwf
i. u btshLf gGjw xU sflhit glJF bfhLtUwh.
ii. u mj jiy iffis itwh.
iii. u mj Ufij bfhYwh
iv. ujhd Mrha mj ujij jfdgl bfhf Rwh. vaJ
gl mo bfhlgLwJ.
v. bfhG KGtJ gl jffgLwJ.
vi. va khrij Mrhaf jhf.
(4) jgltfSfhf, tr. 27-35
(a) jgl xUt jh ght brJlij mnghJ ij bra ntL.
(b) braKiwf
i. jglt btshLf gGjw xU bgFoia glJF bfhL
tUwh.
ii. mt mj jiy iffis itwh.
iii. mt mj Ufij bfhYwh
iv. Mrha mj ujij jfdgl bfhf Rwh. vaJ
gl mo bfhlgLwJ.
v. bfhG KGtJ gl jffgLwJ.
vi. va khrij Mrhaf jhf.
(5) ghtthuz g njitgL wghd jUzf, 5:1-13 (J clgoif gfhF
vuhhf nehfnjhL bragL ghtij cslUgjhf njhWwJ)
(a) rh xUt Kdh tJ rh brhyhlh (tu bfhLf jtWj(, 5:1
(b) mRjkhd Ufij bjhLj, 5:2
(c) mRjkhd kjid bjhLj, 5:3
(d) mahk gj MizLj, 6:4
(e) nknys ghtfSFa g:
i. MLf, btshLf xU bgFo
ii. uL fhLwhf myJ uL wh FRf
iii. xU vgh msyhd bka kh gbyhU gF
(6) ghtthuz gFa rlF, 6:24-30
(a) vaij Mrha f ntL
(b) uj Mil bjFkhdh Milia myr ntL
(c) uj kghl bjFkhdh, mJ cilfgl ntL
(d) uj br ghid bjFkhdh, mJ sfgL fGtgl ntL
(e) jfdg uj gRj jyJF bfhLtugLkhdh, khr vfgl
ntL, Mrha mij f TlhJ.
(7) ghtthuz g KaJt
(a) Vbfdnt lL bragl ghtJF g ilahJ; bjahk brj ghtJF
kLnk g cL, 5:15, 18,
(b) k vitfis cslUwJ:
i. Rthrnk kjDila gfhF.
ii. uf fhLtnj njtDila gfhF.
38
5. mfhu 5:14-19 Fwthuz g
a. mKf
(1) ghtthuz g bragl ghtnjhLTl ilgLwJ. Fwthuz g clgoif
gFjhuUF VgoUF ghig, mij rbrjiy Fjjhf UwJ.
(2) ghtthuz g Fwthuz g ljl xWnghy UwJ.
(3) gJ fgidf (ah. 20; cgh. 5) jgltfSFa cikf Fl
gLsd:
(a) L
(b) eikahditfis nrj
(c) thif
(4) ght brj ekJ rnfhuDF Vgl ghig J tWJwJ. ij rbrgo
mj uanjhLTl IbyhU gif TobfhLf ntL.
b. gbfhLf njitahd ghtf
(1) njtDF mtUF brhjkhditfSF vuhd ght
(a) Kjff
(b) Kjngwhdtf, 14-=16
(c) jrkghf
(d) rahf bfhLfglhj fhif
(e) k Fiwj fhiff
(2) `` xUt brajfhbjW fjUila flisfdh yfgl ahbjhiw brJ
ghtJFglh, mij mt mahikdh brjhY, mt FwKstdhUJ,
j mukij Rkgh.
F. uhjd fhy gntW fhuzfSfhf gf VbwLfgld:
a. nfhggl bjtij rhjgLJj
b. bjtJF cztj
c. xU bjtnjhL bjhlbfhSj
d. Jia btgLJ bra
e. k myJ xuthFj njit vgij czj
VII. ya myFf (d)
A. RUf
1. mfhu 1-16 --gRj njtid mQFtJ vgo?
2. mfhu 17-26 -- xUt vgo bjhlJ gRj njtndhLTl bjhl Uf Ko?
B. Ma mKfkhf brhY Nu brhbwhl - ``njt nkhnrl (Mnuhl) go

Tdh...
1. j btgLjgl fhaf xU fhy ms bfhLfgld vW bjwJ.
2. j brhbwhl fhzgL lf: 1:1-3:17; 4:1-5:13; 5:14-19; 5:20-26; 6:1-11; 6:12-16; 6:17-7:21; 7:22-
38; 8:1-10:20; 11:1-47; 12:1-8; 13:1-59; 14:1-32; 14:33-57; 15:1-33; 16:1-34; 17:1-16; 18:1-3; 19:1-37; 20:1-27; 21:1-
24; 22:1-16; 22:17-25; 22:26-33; 23:1- 8; 23:9-22; 23:26-32; 23:33-44; 24:1-23; 25:1-26:46; 27:1-34;
C. thd sf
1. mRjij mfWj, m. 1-16
a. g Fj ukhzf, 1:1-7:38
(1) jfdg, m. 1:3-17 ; 6:8-13.
(2) ngh#d g, m. 2:1-17 ; 6:14-23
39
(3) rkhjhd g, m. 3:1-17; 7:33;7:11-21
(4) ghtthuz g, m.. 4:1; 5:13 ; 6:24-30
(5) Fwthuz g, m. 5:14-6:7; 7:1-10
(a) nanfhth clgoifF vuhf bjahk brj ght, 4:1-35; 5:14-19
(b) clgoif gFjhuUF vuhf bjnj bragl ght 5:1-13; 6:1-7 (m. 1-6:7
kfSF; m. 6:8-7:36 MrhafSF)
b. Mrhafis uZil brj, 8:1-10:20
(1) uZil brtjfhd Maj, 8:1-5
(2) ehdgQj, tu jj, mnfgQj, 8:6-13
(3) mnfgQt g, 8:14-32
(4) nkhnr MnuhDF bra ntoa fhafis nghj, 9:1-7
(5) MnuhD FkhufS JtFwhf, 9:8-21
(6) Mnuh kfis Mtj, nanfhthit Jj
(7) ehjh kW m ght, 10:1-3
(8) mtfSF nelJ mtf mfwgLjY, 10:4-7
(9) flik UFnghJ uhrur gUfTlhJ, 10:8-11
(10) gf Mrhaf gF, 10:12-20
c. RjkhditfS mRjkhditfS, mfhuf 11-15
(1) Uff, m. 11 (ghf, cgh. 14:6-20)
(2) isbgWj, m. 12
(3) njh nehf, m. 13-14
(a) kj, 13:1-46
(b) tuf, 13:47-59
(c) Rfj, 14:1-32
(d) Lf, 14:33-53
(e) RUf, 14:54
(4) ruufhukhd xGFfUJ Rfj (M kW bg), m. 15
d. ghtthuz eh (nah ) - tUlhu Rf eh, m. 16 (J 1-16 mfhuf
crflkhf njhWwJ)
(1) Mrhaf Maj, 16:1-4
(2) ujhd MrhaDfhd ghtthuz g, 16:5-10
(3) rlF, 16:23-28
(4) tUlhu Rf eh, 16:29-34
2. gRjij, njtndhLs Iaij bghUjgQj, m. 17-26
a. g uj, 17:1-16
b. rkaufhukhd kW ebyhGfahd jFiyf, 18:1-20:27
(1) jfhj cw
(2) ghYw ghtf
(3) jlidf, m. 20
c. Mrhaf gRj, 21:1-22:33
d. tUlhu goif ehf gRj, 23:1-24:23
(1) Xeh, 23:1-3
(2) gfh kW yhj mg, 23:5-8
(3) Kjff, 23:9-14
(4) mWtil, 23:15-24
(5) bgbjbfhnj, 23:23-25
40
(6) ghtthuz eh, 23:26-32 (xnu cgthr eh)
(7) Tlhuf goif, 23:33-43
e. nrj MLf, 25:1-55
(1) X ML, tr. 2-7
(2) , tr. 8-55
(a) mDrj, tr. 8-12
(b) isf, tr. 13-34
(c) xbthU clgoifY jgltUila k, RahdK, tr. 35-55
f. clgoif MthjfS, rhgfS, 26:1-46
3. nrif (bghUjid), 27:1-34
a. egf, tr. 1-8
b. Uff, tr. 9-13
c. jFlf, tr. 14-15
d. y, tr. 16-25
e. jiypwhditf, tr. 26-27
f. neJbfhsgl bghU, tr. 28-39
g. jrkghf, tr. 30-34
VIII. Ka raf
A. nyauhfk jf unt #hah rKjha kW rkaufhukhd thifF ukhzahd

mogilia bfhLwJ. Mrha gF sfgLwJ. MrTlhuij gagLJtJ
FJ ah 25-40 mfhuf sfgoUwJ.
B. ghtfukhd kj vgo gRj njtid mQf Ko vgij FJ, mj Iaij

fhJbfhStJ FJ j jf twJ. ``gRj j jf Ka brhyhF
(ghf, 11:44; k. 5:48).
C. ghtfukhd kj jl tu ntLbkW njt thgJ mjY mjkhf UwJ.

mt mjfhd tahf, g xGif VgLUwh.
D. nanfhth Fzhra btgLjgoUwJ:

1. xU g xGFKiwia bfhLj, ghf, m. 1-7 (Uig)
2. tuyhWtkhd brf, ghf, m. 8-10 ()
3. mt bjhlJ kfnshL urdkhUg (cikst)
A. brhf kW brhbwhlf
1. ght, 1:4; 4:26
2. Rfj thrid, 1:9,13
3. mahikdh, 4:1,22,27; 5:15-18; 22:14
4. rbrj, 6:5
5. mirthL g, 7:30
6. gRj (kadosh), 11:44
7. FZlnuhf, 13:1Kj,
8. gflh, 16:8
9. ngf, 17:7
41
10. Fnfl (Na), 19:26
11. (jubilee), 25:30
B. Ka egf
1. ehjh, m, 10:1
2. nghfhL, 16:8, 10
3. nkhnsF, 18:21; 20:2
X. njr tiuglYs lf - xWiy
XI. khztfSfhd nff

1. g xGF vij uJt brwJ? V `ùj mofo FlgLwJ (3:17; 7:26; 17:11)?
2. xU Uf kuz vgo kj ghtJF kig bfhLtu Ko?
3. V gf IJ totf _W jhdhfnt tJ bfhLgjhf UwJ?
4. Mnuh Fkhuf kuzJnfJthd vj fhaij brjhf?
5. Rjkhd UffSF, mRjkhd UffSF V ntWghL fhlgoUwJ?
6. unty vyh goiff kY ght eh V jwig bgUwJ?
7. X ML kW MilFj ra vd?
42
vzhfk - mKf
I. jf bga
A. vbua bkh (MT) J ``tdhju vw jiyig bfhoUwJ.
B. brLth bkhbga J ``vzhfk jf vW miHfgLwJ. Vbdwh UKiw

kfbjhif fzbfL vLfgLwJ, m. 1-4 kW 26.


vGjgljhF.
III. vtifglJ - j jf mnefkhf ahuhfk jfij nghwjhF. tuyhW brfS,

ukhzfis Fj tufS fhzgLwd. nyah uhjd fij toyhd btghLfS
(ghf, v. 23-24) fhzgLwd.
IV. vGat
A. njhuh j jfnyna Kj vGjgl Mjhu RofhlgoUwJ - ``fjUila j

jf (21:14, 15). nkhnr w Mtzfis gagLdh vgij J cWahf fhLwJ.
B. tdhju miyJ jnghJ clha ffis nkhnrdh vGitf Ko, mt mgona

brjh vgij j jf fhLwJ..
C. gy lf nriffS nrfgld vgJ fhlgLwJ (nahRth myJ rhKnt ij

brUfyh).
1. 12:1,3 2. 13:22 3. 15:22-23 4. 21:14-15 5. 32:33Kj
D. neuoahd nknfh ju bgUghyhd lf nkhnr glif FlgLwh. itfis

vGJt nkhnr ntjghuffis gagLdh vgJ bjwJ.
E. unty myhj uL ya gFf vzhf fhzgLwd: (1) 21:27-30 trdf

fhzgL vnkha fij (30M trd untyuh nrfgoUfyh) (2) 23-24 mfhuf
nyah nkhth uh#htha ghyhFl br ciuahl. it iy bjhFg vGjgl
myJ thbkh tufS nrfgld vgij fhLwJ. (ghf, The Book of the Wars of the
Lord.).
V. jf fhy
A. jfnyna fhy bfhLfgoUwJ

1. 1:1; 10:11 trdf J ahiu Jt ulh tU ulh khj vW brhygoUwJ.
jF wF 38ML fhy miyJ jhf.
43
2. 9:1 trd ulh tU Kjyh khj vW brhYwJ.
B. ahuhfk fhyflij FJ raiy. mJ . K. 1445 myJ . K. 1290Mf Ufyh.
A. vzhfk jfYs ehF gFf jwghd tif va fyhrhuij

ugwd:
1. ghsawFnghJ nfhuf ghsawF l Fj mik (v. 2:1-31; 10:11-33) kW
nfhuf mtFJ brY Kiw (v. 1-7). J jdJ a KWifnghJ ulh
uhknr flisl tirF xUwJ; mkdh gyiffUJ ij mnwh. . K. 1300
fhyflij nrj j fhdha Mtzf fhdhDF vJF ilyhd rKjha,
mua kW rkaufhukhd ilghLfis twd. . K. 1000I mLj MLf j
nghKWifL Kiw khaJ vW ma gfUJ mnwh. maf tlto
ghsawdhf.
2. vzhfk 10M mfhu FlgL bt iff va Mjhuij
ugwd. ijbghU MUJ . K. 1350I nrj LlAhk MSifnghJ,
it UUgjhf bjwJ. rkaufhukhd kW rKjha nehffSfhf gagLjgL
j bt iffis FJ mkdh gyiffY FlgLsJ.
3. Fiufsh GfgL ujf nfhrh v mKfgLjgld. tf 15
kW 16M MSiftiria nrj brko uh#hfsht. khodh GfgL tofS
jwghd tif va fij bfhoUwd. ulh Lnkh . K. 1470
ahF vuhf nghlnghJ, it gagLjgld. fhdh gF fuLKulhd kiy gFahf
Ujgoah mtf itfis mUfiy. ahnfhig miHJtUgo j tof
mDggld (M. 45:19, 21, 27). ahiunghJ vbuafS itfis gagLdhf
(v. 7:3, 6, 7).
4. Wahf kbwhU jwghd va mr Mrhaf rthf rtu gUjjhF;
vbuafS ij gdhf (8:7).
B. mfhu 1-4 kW 26Ys uL kfbjhif fzbfLF izahd tuf itf

fhzgLwd:
1. . K. 1700I nrj kh gyiff.
2. v giHa murhfij nrj (. K. 2900-2300) xU Mtz.
VIII. ya myFf (d)
A. a d mogilyhd RUf:
1. dh kiy thFgzgl njrij neh brY gazJfhd Majf, 1:1-10:10.
2. thFgzgl njrij neh brY gaz, 10:11-21:35
a. fhnjir neh, 10:11-12:16
b. fhnj, 13:1-20:13
c. fhnjUJ, 20:14-21:35
3. nkhth rkbt elj ff, 22:1-36:13
B. thd sf
1. R.K. Harrison, Introduction to the Old Testament, pp. 614-615.
2. E. J. Young, An Introduction to the Old Testament, pp. 84-90.
3. NIV Study Bible, pp. 187-188.
C. vzhfk jfYs tuf mrhjhuzkhd tif xGFgLjgoUwgoah, mij

MuhtJ fodkhf UwJ. mjhtJ ukhzfS, tuyhW fyJbfhLfgoUwJ; TLjyhd
tufS nrfgLsd. j totikig Fj y bfhiff:
44
1. ``Mtz fUJnfh Kiwia Mjgtf j jfij gy gy tuyhW myhj, nkhnr
Mjhufsyhj gFfshf whf.
2. nkhnr theh Ko ntjghuffnshL fyjhnyhJ, nkhnr gy vGJf
bjhFfgoUfyh vW n#. v. iu TWwh.
3. nfhl n#. btAh (Tyndale Commentary on Numbers, p. 14-18) ahuhfk, nyauhfk,
vzhfk f TwgLs tufis nrJ izahd Kiwia gw ntL
vW brhYwh. it _W gazfis mogilahf bfhlit: 1) tj rKuUJ
dh tiu. 2) dhUJ fhnjRF 3) fhnjUJ nkhthF. gazbrYtij,
il gij FJ MbrnghJ, mjkhd tif izahd tuf ilgij
eh fhzyh. j izahd fhaij mt M. 1-11; M. 12-50 kW cghfknjhL bghU
fhLwh. J mjkhd fhakhf UwJ. uhjd ka HF vGjhsf eh muhj
ya totfis gagLdhf vgJ j_y bjwJ.
VIII. Ka raf
A. J Mahf Jtfgl tuyhW br bjhlahf UwJ. J ``nkfa tuyhW

my, Mdh ka HF iwa tuyhW vgij xUt id itUf ntL. ff
fhytirgo thf Flgliy. Mdh njtid, unty gig btgLJgo
bjbjLfgL bfhLfgLsd.
B. J njtDila Fzhraij fhLwJ:

1. nkf fhzgL mtUila urd:
a. nkf rh Tlhu ``kfhgRj jyij _oaJ, 9:15. njtD kjD rgjfhd
tahf, lkhf njt mij VWbfhlh.
b. nkf kfis telaJ, 9:17-23. njt mtfnshL Ujh, jkJ urddh
mtfis teldh.
c. nkfkhdJ njt jik nkhnrF btgLa cUt milahskhf UjJ, 11:17, 25;
16:42-43.
d. aha kL, btgLjY J njtDila urdJF milahskhf
UjJ, 12:1-8; 14:10.
e. nkf untyUF kL, RYUj #hahUF njtDila urd
fhzToa milahskhf UjJ, 14:14; 23:21.
f. ahuhfkY unty tdhju miyJj ntisY njtDila
urdJF milahskhf Uj nkf mtf thFgzgl njrJF
EiHj wF mtfis bjhluiy, mnghJ clgoif bgo _ykhf njt
milahsahf mtfnshL Ujh, 35:34.
2. itf mtUila Uig, ufK:
a. mtf KWKWjhY mtUila jiytfis wfjhY mt bjhlJ mtfnshL
Ujh, 11:1; 14:2,27,29,36; 16:11,42; 17:5; 20:2; 21:5.
b. tdhju mt mtfSila njitfis rjh:
(1) j
(2) cz
(a) kdh (Xehis ju kw ehf)
(b) fhil (uL Kiw)
(3) tu Jnghfiy
(4) nkf:
(a) H
(b) btr
(c) telJj
(d) btgLJj
c. mt nkhnr gJngRjYF brbfhLjh:
45
(1) 11:2
(2) 12:13
(3) 14:13-20
(4) 16:20-24
(5) 21:7
3. itf mtUila (gRj):
a. 38 MLf tdhju miyJgo unty jofglhf (14).
b. thFgzgl ehLF EiHa Koahjgo nkhnrF jlid iljJ (20:1-13; 27:14;
cgh. 3:23-29).
c. nfhuhF %g nfhuJ jiytfS, (16:1-40).
d. nkhnr kW Mnuh jiyikJtij Vf kWj kf bfhisnehdh jof
glhf, (16:41-50).
e. ufhuhjid GJnghdtf nyafsh bfhygL njtDila
jlidia rjhf, (25).
C. unty dh kiy nanfhthl clgoif xgjJF tjnghJ, nanfhthJs

eif, mtUila thijF gojY ikakhd fhafshd.
A. brhf kW brhbwhlf
1. Mr Tlhu, 1:1
2. gz, 3:46
3. ernua, 6:2
4. gunj, 9:14
5. nkf, 9:15
6. mtfSF Uj gy #hahd ma #df, 11:4
7. tufis JbfhL, 14:6
8. bjhff, 15:38
9. ghjhs, 16:30
10. tghd xU lh, 19:2
11. bfhth rg, 21:6
12. milfy glz, 35:6
13. gthFgt, 35:19,21
B. Ka egf
1. vnahah njrJ , 12:1
2. Vdh Fkhuuha uhrj, 13:28,33
3. va, 13:29
4. nfhuhF, 16:1
5. nyah, 22:5
6. ghfh, 22:41
X. njr tiuglYs lf (v tirgo)

1. vnfh gsjhF, 13:23 (vnuhDF tlnf)
2. uh#ghij, 20:17
3. fh c, 21:20
4. mndh MW, 21:24
5. ahnghF MW, 21:24
46
6. mN, 24:22
7. , 25:1
8. dnu fl, 34:11
XI. khztfSfhd nff

1. kw nfhujhnuhLTl V ny nfhujh vif vLfgliy? 1:49
2. nyaf vgo KjngwhdtfnshL bjhlilatfshf Uwhf? 3:12. 13
3. grhu Fwij fLogJ vgo? 5:16 Kj
4. ernua ujJF njitahditfis goaLf. 6:1 Kj
5. 4:3 trdJF 8:24 trdJF vgo sf bfhLf?
6. 12:3 trdij nkhnr vGdhuh?
7. njt V 40MLf miyJ fhyflij clhdh?
8. 15M mfhugo ``mahk brtJ vgJ vgo ghtnjhL gnahL bjhlilajhf
UwJ?
9. 20M mfhu fhzgL nkhnr ght vd? mj is vd?
10. nyah fGij bkahfnt ngajh? 22:28, ghyh vgo untyiu njhfof Ko vW nyah
Tdh?
47
cghfk - mKf
I. KaJt
A. J a Vgho mfkhf nknfhfSF gagLjgL ehF giHa VghL f

(Mahfk, cghfk, rj, Vrhah) xwhF. cghfk jf 83 Kiw nknfhshf vLJ
brhygoUwJ.
B. J giHa Vgho naRF f oj jff xwhf UwJ.
1. mt tdhju rhjhdh nrhfglnghJ, j UJ nknfhfis vLJ
brhUwh (k. 4:1-16; fh 4:1-13).
2. J kiyurfJF mogilahd RUfkhf Ufyh, k. 5-7.
3. cghfk 6:5 trdij ujhd fgid vW naR Flh. k. 22:34-40; khF 12:28-34;
fh 10:25- 28.
4. naR ehfUj jf j gFna (Mahfk - cghfk) giHa Vgho
mf mfhutkhdit vW fUagoah naR UJ mf nknfhfis vLJ
brhUwh.
C. J njtdh bfhLfgl xU btghLF xU a Niy mj fhgjF fbga
vLJfhlhf UwJ. ah. 20 mfhuY wF cgh. 5 mfhuY bfhLfgLs gJ
fgidf f a ntWghL fhzgLtJ jF wj vLJfhlhF. tdhju miyJ
j fhyfl ahuhfk 20 mfhu bfhLfglJ; kfis fhdh thifF
MajgLJ ntis cghfk 5M mfhu bfhLfglJ.
D. cghfk m brhygLsJnghy, nkhnrdh itfSfhf bfhLfgLs bjhl
brf bjhFghf UwJ:
1. njtDila ciks iafis untyUF idgLJj;
2. dh kiy bfhLfgl ahaukhzij kWgokhf tWJj;
3. fhdh trha mogilyhd thifF Vwgo mjF mjfhQj;
4. thFgzgl njr clgoifia JF bfhlhlJF (nahRth)
MajgLJj;
5. nkhnr kuzij FJ, mfhu nahRthF bfhLfglJ FJ mj.
E. cghfk mj ya totikig FJ iwa iwayhsf k thfgLwJ.
Ijhfkf mikig FJ iwa tYef k fUJ ntWghL fhzgLwJ.
II. jf bga
A. vbua bkh Ijhfk jiyf Kj gJ thijfUJ, Fghf Kj thijUJ

vLfgoUwJ.
1. Mahfk, ``Mny
2. ahuhfk, ``tf ehkfshtd
3. nyauhfk, ``fj ...TL
4. vzhfk, ``tdhjuUw
5. cghfk, ``neh brhd trdfshtd
B. jhko (17:20 trdij Fj Zdh Anlhuh) J `àhaukhzij kWgokhf TWj

vW miHfgLwJ.
C. brLth vW miHfgL giHa Vgho nuf bkhbga J `ùlhtJ
ahaukhz vW miHfgLwJ. J . K. 250 cUthfglJ. 17:20 trdij jtwhf
bkhbgaj fhuzkhf go miHfgLwJ.
48
D. My bga b#nuh y tnf bkhbga `ùlhtJ ahaukhz vW
mjgL Deutro-nomian vw brhUJ tUwJ.
III. mfhutkhf ntjhfk VWbfhsgLj - J vbua ntjhfk _W f Kj

tha njhuh W jfkhF.
A. ``njhuh myJ `àhaukhz - Mahfk Kj cghfk tiu.
B. fjf:
1. Kija fjf - nahRth -uh#hf (% ju)
2. ija fjf - Vrhah - kah (jhna kW yg ju)
C. vGjglit:
1. bkbfnyh (IJ RUf)
a. cdjghL
b. ur
c. %
d. yg
e. vj
2. jhna
3. Phd ya:
a. nah
b. rj
c. bkhf
4. 1, 2 ehshfk
III. vtifglJ
A. cghfk bjhl urf brfis bfhoUwJ. bghJthd KDiunahL Jt, nkhnr

kuzij Fj brnahL KowJ. unt thFgzgl njrJF flJ brYtjF
Kghf nahjh e HF F j brf nkhnrdh bfhLfgld.
B. nkhnr xU uhjd rj/ghlY j UwJ, m. 31:30-32:43.
C. Mahfk 49 mfhuijnghy cghfk 33M mfhu ahnfh isfis Fj xU

fjrdkhF.
D. j jf 34M mfhu nkhnr kuzij Fj bria bfhoUwJ.
IV. vGat
A. j ghuga:
1. Mghuga nkhnrna vGdh vW xLbkhjkhf TWwJ.
2. J itf brhygoUwJ:
a. lhk - Baba Bathra 14b
b. Zdh
c. bguh vahof 24:23 (. K. 185 vGjglJ)
d. mbyrah nyh
e. ~nsa n#hrg
49
3. ntjhfkjhnd go brhygoUwJ:
a. ahahgf 3:4; nahRth 8:31
b. nkhnr brhd trdfshtd:
(1) cgh. 1:1-3
(2) cgh. 5:1
(3) cgh. 27:1
(4) cgh. 29:2
(5) cgh. 31:1, 30
(6) cgh. 32:44
(7) cgh. 33:1
c. fj nkhnrl ngdh:
(1) cgh. 5:4-5, 22
(2) cgh. 6:1
(3) cgh. 10:1
d. nkhnr vGdh:
(1) cgh. 31:9, 22, 24
(2) ahuhfk 17:14
(3) ahuhfk 24:4, 12
(4) ahuhfk 34:27-28
(5) vzhfk 33:2
e. naR cghfk jfUJ vLJfhLfis vLJ T nkhnr brhdh/nkhnr
vGdh:
(1) knj 19:7-9; khF 10:4-5 - cgh. 24:1-4
(2) khF 7:10 - cgh. 5:16
(3) fh 16:31; 24:27, 44; nahth 5:46-47; 7:19, 23
f. nkhnr vGaij gY cWgLJwh:
(1) nuhk 10:19 - cgh. 32:21
(2) 1 bfh. 9:9 - cgh. 25:4
(3) fyh. 3:10 - cgh. 27:26
(4) m. 26:22; 28:23
g. ngJU jdJ bgbjbfhnj urf nkhnr vGdh vW cWgLJwh - m. 3:22
h. vbua Ug Ma nkhnr vGdh vW FLwh - vbua 10:28; cgh. 17:2-6
B. ed fhyJ mPf
1. gy vGdhf vW brhY nu~-aAhr bfhifia ga gy 18M kW
19M whL iwayhsf cghfk nahah jh MSifnghJ mtDila
MFa kWkyF Mjuthf xU Mrha/fjah vGjglJ vW brhYwhf.
mgoahdh J nkhnr fhyfl . K. 621 vGjglJ vW mjkhwJ.
2. itf mogil mtf ij brhYwhf:
a. 2 uh#hf 22:8; 2 ehshfk 34:14-15. eh fj Myany ahaukhz jfij
fLonj
b. MrTlhuJF fhy MyaJF xU jgl lij FJ 12Mmfhu
thfgLwJ.
c. fhya uh#hit FJ 17M mfhu thfgLwJ.
d. flj fhy fbgUj xUt bga xU jfij vGJtJ uhjd ka HY,
j tlhufY gHfkhf UjJ.
e. cghfk kW nahRth, uh#hf kW vnuah f vGJ eil, gagLjgLs
vGJf, yfz itf xWik fhzgLwJ.
50
f. cghfk jf 34M mfhu nkhnr kuzij FJ brhygLsJ.
g. fhy Ijhfk y gFf nrfgld vgJ bjthf bjwJ:
(1) cghfk 3:14
(2) cghfk 34:6
h. ghgjF xWnghyhd d kW tuyh fhyflf, njtDila ehkfis
gyjthf gagLJtJ FJ sf brhy Koahj iy fhzgLwJ: V, V lh,
Vnyh, ahnt.
V. jf fhy
A. nkhnrdh vGjgoUFkhdh, vUJ ahiu brjJ Fj fhy kW ahiu

fhy FJ uL rhaTWf Uwd:
1. 1 uh#hf 6:1 trdij thijF thij mgona vLJbfhSnthkhdh, ahiu
. K. 1445 wglJ (lnkh 18MtJ MSif tir. ulhtJ mbknAhbl).
a. brLtho 480MLfSF gyhf 440MLf FlgLsd.
b. it MLfSF gyhf milahsahf jiyKiwdiu Ffyh.
2. . K. 1290 ahuhfk fjjfhd (19M va MSiftir) ijbghU M
Mjhuf:
a. Kjyh nr (1390-1290) v jiyefiu UJ bllh gFF khdh - n#hth/
nl
b. ulh uhknr (1290-1224):
(1) vbuafsh flgl glz tDila bga fhzgLwJ, M. 47:11; ah. 1:11;
(2) mtDF 47 bgisf Ujhf.
(3) mtDF wF mtDila _j Fkhu gjF tuiy.
c. . K. 1250I mLj MLf ghyd vyh Ka glzfS mfgL,
kWgokhf flgld.
B. gy vGdhf vgJ Fj ed fhyJ mPf bfhif
1. J (ahnt) . K. 950
2. E (Vnyh) . K. 850
3. JE (uL nrjJ) . K. 750
4. D (cghfk) . K. 621
5. P (Mrhaf) . K. 400.
A. . K. 2000I nrj Vaf clgoif Mtzf cghfk (nkY, ah. - ny. kW

nahRth 24) totikF izahd uhjd, tuyhWtkhd kW rkfhyja iz fhzgLwJ.
. K. 1000 MLf j clgoif Mtzf khw VglJ. J cghfk tuyhW
Mjhuij ma Mjuthf UwJ ij FJ nkY gof, G.E. Mendenhalls Law and Covenants
in Israel and the Ancient Near East
B. Vaf xGFKiw cghfk mj izfS:

1. Kfiu (cgh. 1:1-5, ngRgtiu Fj mKf, ahnt)
2. uh#h Kija brafis kWgokhf ghj (cgh. 1:6-4:49, njt flj fhy
untyUfhf brjit
3. clgoif brhf (cgh. 5-26)
a. bghJthdit (cgh. 5-11)
b. ltlkhdit (cgh. 12-26)
4. clgoif isf (cgh. 27-29):
a. gaf (cgh. 28)
51
b. isf (cgh. 27)
5. bjtJF rh (cgh. 30:19; 31:19 nkY, 32. nkhnr rj xU rhnghy bragLwJ):
a. bjt nfh jF xU u itfgLwJ.
b. MLnjhW thfgLgo ggtl xU u bfhLfgLwJ.
c. fhya ma kW a clgoiffUJ ntWgL Va clgoiff
fhzgL jJt:
(1) uh#h flj fhy braf tuyhWtkhf kW MbragLj;
(2) rhg gFF Fiwthd mGj bfhLfgLwJ.
VIII. ya myFf (d)
A. KDiu, 1:1-5
B. Kj urf, 1:6-4:43 (W ahnt flj fhy brfis idTUj):
C. ulhtJ urf, 4:44-26:19 (iwF vyh ehfSF ahnt ukhzf):

1. bghJthf - gJ fgidf (5-11)
2. Fghd vLJfhLfS, bragLJjfS (12-26)
D. _whtJ urf, 27-30 (tUfhyJF ahnt ahaukhz 27-29):

1. rhgf (27)
2. Mthjf (28)
3. clgoif JfgLj (29-30)
E. nkhnr W thijf, 31-33:

1. ilbgW urf, 31:1-29
2. nkhnr rj, 31:30-32:52
3. nkhnr Mthjf, 33:1-29
F. nkhnr kuz, 34
VIII. Ka raf
A. thFgzgl njrJF EiHtjF Kghf W Majf. MufhnkhL njtDila

clgoif (M. 12:1-3) xU njrK, J thFjjgzgoUwJ. giHa VghL j
njrJ ghitia xUKfgLJwJ.
B. ehnlho thifF khwhf, Xl j trha br thifF nkhnr kfis Maj
brwh. mt thFgzgl njrJFa dh clgoifia VWbfhSwh.
C. njt flj fhyY, nghJ, tUfhyY cikstuhf Ugij j jf
tWJwJ. Mdh clgoif gjidfis bfhljhF! unty RthrnjhL,
kdUjnyhL, gojnyhL brrhJ itf iyUf ntL. mgo brahlh
27-29 mfhufYs rhgfis vnehf ntoUF.
A. brhf kW brhbwhlf
1. thdij ia rh itnw, 4:26
2. jhfSila mukij isfl ... rhwtuhUnw 5:9
3. Mu jiyKiwkL ufbrwtuhUnw.., 5:10
4. nf, (nkh) 6:4
52
5. mitf c ffSF eLnt PhgfFah UffltJ, (fhehlh) 6:8
6. mitfis c L iyfY, c thrfY vGJthahf, (mezuza) 6:9
7. rfgl bghU herem, 13:17
8. thdnridf, 17:3
9. flfgQj 18:10
10. rdjfhu, 18:11
11. Lbfhltf, 21:8
12. btWfglt 21:15
13. kuny bjhfyhfhJ 21:23
14. eh ua 23:18
15. jSj L 24:1
16. vbz bfhSj 28:40
B. Ka egf
1. Vdha u 1:28
2. uhrj 3:11
3. Va, 7:1
4. njhf, 7:5
5. fj, 18:15-22
6. ba]u, 32:15; 33:5, 26

1. Xnu kiy, 1:1,6,19; 4:10,15
2. nrp kiy, 1:2,44; 2:1,4,5,8,12,22 (xU kiybjhl)
3. fhnj gndah, 1:46; 32:51
4. ghrh, 1:3; 3:1,3,4,10,11,13; 4:43,47
5. Vyh, 2:8 (Vnah nfg)
6. vnkh kiy, 3:8,9; 4:48
7. Vgh kiy, 11:29; 27:4,13
8. bf kiy, 11:29; 27:12
9. X kiy, 32:50 (b#g A%)
XI. khztfSfhd nff

1. cghfk vgo ahuhfkUJ vzhfkUJ ntWgLwJ? (eil)
2. nkhnr V ahuhfk tuyhiw kWgokhf brhYwh?
3. cf isfSF nghgij FJ V mfkhd nknfhf (4:9; 6:7, 20-25; 11:19; 32:46)
fhzgLwd?
4. cghfk 5M mfhuYs gJfgid vgo ahuhfk 20M mfhuUJ ntWgLwJ?
5. glfis jfJ, njhfis btl ntL vw flis (7:5) V bfhLfglJ?
6. 10:12-21 trdf cghfk aigFJ sFtJ vd?
7. KG giHa VghLF mjfhg 27-29 mfhuf V Kakhditahf Uwd?
8. nkhnr kuzij (34) vGitjJ ah?
53
nahRth - mKf
I. jf bga
A. nkhnrF dh kfis telatD, j Ka fjhghuKkha nahRth bga

j YF itfgoUwJ.
B. tDila bga uL vbua brhf nrifahF:

1. ahnt
2. u (Xnrah)
C. J naR vw bgaUF izahd vbua brhyhF (k. 1:21)
A. J VWbfhsgl vbua ntjhfk ulhtJ gFaha ``fjrd vw gF

KjyhtJ yhF.
B. j gF uL Ka ghffshf fgoUwJ:
1. Kija fjf - nahRth Kj uh#hf tiu (% ju)
2. ija fjf - Vrhah Kj kah tiu (jhna kW yg ju)
III. vtifglJ
A. j tuyhW f Mahf Jta njtDila kf tuyhiw bjhlJ brhYwd.

J nkfa tifyhd ehtir tuyhW my, bjbjLfgl iwa tuyhwhF. J
cikahdJ my, rahdJ my vgjfhf go brhyiy. vGatf kfSF njt,
kj, ght, u itfis nghFgo y Fl ffis bjJbfhlhf. j
tif it a VghL RnrfSF, elgof YF izahf Uwd.
B. jfis RUjtf tuyhW aif RHia mogilahf bfhlJ; Mdh jf

tuyhW iwaiy mogilahf bfhlJ. njt Vbfdnt khfgl xU yif neh,
GJnghd cyfij LbfhSjiy neh brWbfhoUjh (M. 3:15).
IV. vGat
A. ghugakhf nahRthnt j iy vGdh vW brhygLwJ.

1. M mtDila bga Xnrah (u) vW UjJ, v. 13:8
2. nkhnr mt bgaiu nahRth (nanfhthnf ughf Uwh) vW khdh, v. 13:16.
3. tDila bga ehF tf crgjfhd fhuz bjaiy:
a. yeshoshua, (bghJthd bga) Josh. 1:1
b. yehoshua, Duet. 3:21
c. hoshea, Duet. 32:44
d. yeshua, Neh. 8:17
B. ghgh guh 14M gF nahRthnt j jfij vGdh vW mtDila kuzij Fj

bria Mrhadha vbyahrh vGdh vW (24:29-30), vbyahrh kuzij Fj gF
(24:31-33) mtDila Fkhudha bdfhdh (v. 25:7-13; 31:6-8; nahRth 22:10-34) vGjglJ
vW brhYwJ.
54
C. kjdha nahRth:
1. v moikjd wjh.
2. njrij ntghf brw gUt xUt; tD fhny RthrnjhL mif
brjhf (v. 14:26-34)
3. ahuhfk mDgtnghJ nkhnrF cikahf cjbrjh. t kLnk nkhnrF
dh ghtiu dh kiy Vdh (ah 24:13-14).
4. unta uhQt jsgahf Ujh (ah. 17:8-13)
5. nkhnrF tj t fhdhaiu nkbfhSgo teldh (cgh. 31:23)
D. nahRth vGdh vgjF y %gzf:

1. njt kfnshL brJbfhl clgoifia t vGitjh (24:26). tdh vGj
KowJ vW bjwJ.
2. ffsh flitfis vGitUwh:
a. ehf, 5:1 (xU ifu)
b. mtf isfis nahRth Ujnrjdgdh 5:7-8
c. nahRth jgl Kiw fjUila jid vbfhSj, 5:13-15
d. mt (uhfh) eh tiuF unt eLny FoUwh 6:25 (J fhy
nrfglJ my, cldo brahF)
3. mt vGjgl y Mjhufis gagLdh:
a. ahnr jf, 10:13 (2 rhK. 1:18)
b. xU jf, 18:9
4. uhjd glzf bgaf f rahf FoUwgoah, J fhyJ nrif my,
rkfhy vGjglJ vW bjwJ:
a. va FoUw vUrny, 15:8; 18:16, 28
b. ah mgh vW miHfgL vnuh, 14:15; 15:13,54; 20:7; 21:11
c. ghyh, ahbaah vW miHfglJ - 15:9, 10
d. U my njhnd Ka glz vW FlgoUwJ, 11:8; 19:28, fhy mJ
Ka glzkhaJ.
5. Ijhfkijnghy nahRth jfY y Ma nriff fhzgLwd:
a. nahRth kuz
b. dhf vnuhid b#j, 14:6-15; 15:13-14
c. bjiu dhf b#j, 15:15,49
d. jh tlnf lbgaUj, 19:47
e. eh tiu vW brhygoUgJ fhy nrifahF, 4:9; 5:9; (6:25); 7:26
(UKiw); 8:28-29; 9:27; 10:27; 13:13; 14:14; 15:63; 16:10; 22:3
E. ed fhyJ mPf:
1. IjhfkJF nahRthF ilyhd xWikia ftf:
a. eil
b. gagLjgLs brhf
2. Mtzf Fj J, E, D, P bfhif j jf l fhyfl gyuh vGjglJ vW
brhYwJ:
a. J Mjhu 1-12 mfhuf y gFfis vGaJ (. K. 950-850)
b. E Mjhu 1-12 mfhuf y gFfis vGUwJ - Fghf xW nrj uhQt
KWiff (. K. 750).
c. A kW J & E izj Mjhu . K. 650 cUthfglJ. J Mjhu gy gFf
lgld.
d. j jf cghfk jfij vGa Mrha/fjah kWgokhf rghf
goUwJ. j eg myJ FGd cghfk Mjhu vW miHfgLwhf. j Mjhu
. K. 621 vUrnynk xnu bkahd njtDila jy vgij tW, nahRth rka
kWkyia gygLJgo cghfkij vGaJ.
55
e. P Mjhu vgJ . K. 400 fhyfl 13-21 mfhufis vGa Mrhaf FGthF.
f. . K. 3M who nkY y nriff nrfgld vW brhygLwJ.
3. j bfhif vij mDkhd brwJ vW ghUf. J vgo ntjhfk gFia mj tuyhW
dUJ mj MalUJ wJ vW ghUf. J ed fhy ya
bfhiffis bfhL uhjd vGJfis Mbr edfhy KaahF. vwhY itfis
brhy ntL:
a. nahRth jfij vGat Flgliy.
b. nkhnr kuzijnghy nahRth kuzK j FlgoUwJ.
c. giHa VghL f nghJ rbragL tUwd.
d. giHa VghL njtDila Ljyh vGjglJ vw totik braKiwia eh
xbfhSnwh.
e. Mahfk - nahRthF vuhd %gzf:
(1) j ghuga nkhnr IJ MfkfSF, ``fjrd gFia JtitF
nahRth jfJF il bjthd ghFghL fhzgLwJ:
(a) . K. 185 vahof jfij vGa bg uh bjthd ghFghil
fhLwh, 48:22-45:12.
(b) ~nsa n#hrg jdJ Contra Apioness 1:7Kj bjthd ghFghil
fhLwh.
(c) Ijhfk nknrhbuo gF (MT) Ijhfk Ko bjthd ghFghil
fhLwJ.
(d) b#g Mya xbthU thuK thfgl the Haphtaroth bjthd ghFghil
fhLwJ.
(e) rkhaf nahRthit my, Ijhfkfisna ntjhfkkhf VWbfhoUwhf.
(2) cSFUF %gz (Young, p 158):
(a) Ijhfk gagLjglhj tif nahRth jf jgl u bgabrh
jwghd tif gagLjgLsJ.
(b) vnfh glz brhyhf ntWgljhf UwJ.
(c) unt njt vW nahRth 14Kiw FlgoUwJ, Mdh Ijhfk
Flgliy.
f. nghJ UF giHa VghL f vgo mikfgld vgij FJ ekF
mfkhd tuf ilfiy.
V. jf fhy
A. j jf thFgzgl njrij nkbfhStij FJ TWwJ. ahiu brw

fhy kW tdhju miyJj fhyijFj ra ekF yhjgoah btbfhl
fhyK ekF bjaiiy.
1. 1445-40 - mnefkhf . K. 1400 (1 uh. 6:1)
2. 1290 - 40 - mnefkhf .K. 1250. (ijbghU M)
B. nahRth jf ahahgf fhy vGjgL, rghfglJ. unty btF wF
y glzf bga khwglJ. vLJfhlhf nrgh vw fhdha glzij Flyh,
mj bga xkh vW khwglJ, ah. 1:16-17, vwhY j ija bga nahRth jf
FlgLsJ, 12:14; 15:30; 19:4.
C. j jf jh MSifnghJ rhKntyh vGjglJ vgJ M. nf. Ahr
mDkhdkhF. rhKnt nuh ghugafis gUfyh (ghf, Introduction to the Old
Testament, p. 673.
VI. tuyhW dF Mjuthf UF Mjhuf
A. . K. 1250I mLj MLf fhdh bgUghyhd muzhd glzf ofgL kWgokhf

flgld vW ijbghU M bjwJ:
1. Mnrh
56
2. yh
3. bgnj
4. bj - J K ahbrng vW miHfglJ (15:15)
B. ijbghU M vnfh ia Fj ntjhfk bria cWgLj iy,

wff iy. mj l f nkhrkhd iy Ugnj jF fhuzkhF:
1. gUtiy/UF l
2. giHa l oghLfis gagL mnj l a folf flgoUj
3. mLFf fhy Fj rayhik
C. ijbghU M_ykhf Vgh kiy xU gl fLofgLsJ. J nahRthl

bjhlilajhf Ufyh 8:30-31 (cgh. 27:2-9). J Zdh (lhk) tfgLsjF
xUwJ.
D. fh fLofgl uh huh gyiff_y . K. 1400I nrj fhdha thif kW

rkaij Fj tufis bgWnwh.:
1. fhdha aifia gy bjtfis tglhf
2. V Ka bjtkhf UjJ.
3. V njtijahf Uj mbuh ghfh njtijahf fUjglJ.
4. tfSila Fkhu ghfh (Alh). t aYF flshth.
5. ghfh fhdha bjtf bga bjtkhf MaJ. mdh mtDila njtij bgauhF..
6. I, v X itfSfhf eljgl bfhlhlfisnghy F eljgld.
7. ghfh tghL cq ``nkilf myJ ffdh mikfgl nkilf eljJ
(rlFahd grhu).
8. cajgl f ghfhYF milahskhf UjJ; xU brJfgl my, cUs ku mbuh
myJ muhoF milahskhf UjJ. J ``t UrJF milahskhf UjJ.
E. j fhyfl j gFUj Ka nguuRfsh (Va, va, bkbrhbghjhah

tfsh ghyd jhf isf Koaiy vW ijbghU M cWgLUwJ.
J fhya btfy fhy vW miHfglJ (. K. 1550 - 1200).
F. uhjd glzf bgaf f rahf goalgoUg_y fhya Ma myJ

rkfhya xUt vGUwh vgij cWgLJwJ:
1. va vUrny, 15:8; 18:16,28 (15:28 vaf nghJ vUrny xU gF Ujhf
vgJ bjwJ)
2. vnuh ah mgh vW miHfgoUjJ, 14:15; 15:13,54; 20:7; 21:11
3. ahbaah ghyh vW miHfglJ, 15:9,10
4. bj ahrdh vW miHfglJ, 15:49
5. U my njhnd ngnfa Ka glz vW FlgoUwJ, 11:8; 13:6; 19:28,
dhf mJ jiyefukhaJ.
G. nahRth 24M mfhu . K. 2000M Mo Va clgoif xGif (cghfkijnghy)

xUwJ.
VII. ya myFf (d)
A. aahf flJbrYtnj jf Ka RUfkhf UwJ:

1. nkhtha rkbt JtFwJ, 1-2
2. nahjh eia flJ vnfhF mUYs fhYF brYj, 3-4
3. ka fhdh uhQt eltoiff, 5:1-10:15
4. bjF fhdh uhQt eltoiff, 10:16-43
5. tlF fhdh uhQt eltoiff, 11:1-23
6. nfhuf k njrij aahf gFnghl, 12-21
57
B. xU RUfkhd tiuaiw:
1. fhdhid btbfhSj, 1-11
2. thFgzgl njrij nfhufSF eL gFnghLj, 12-21
3. nahRth W thijfS, kuzK, 22-24
VIII. Ka raf
A. njt njrij FJ (M. 15:16) MufhKF bfhLj thFjjij (M. 12:1-3) iwntWt
tytuhf, cikstuhf Uwh vgij fhLj.
B. Mahfk Jtfgl tuyhiw J xU a fhyflJF bfhLbrYwJ. j
fhyfl nfhuf jhkhfnt KtJ IagLtJ ikakhd IagLJ fhakhf
UjJ. xU ikakhd muR ilahJ.
C. ``gRj j vw fUJgot (herem) ekF bfhûkhdjhf njhwh. Mdh fhdha
ghtfis FJ njt untyiu vrUjh. njt mtfSila ghtf fhuzkhf
mtfis njrij L uL mnj ntis mnj ghtfSfhf jfis uLth (mah
kW ghnyh iwU)
A. brhf kW brhbwhlf
1. Jiwf, 2:7
2. fUfhd ff, 5:2
3. ghY njD XLw njr, 5:6
4. c fhfUw ghjuirfis fHnghL, 5:15
5. gRjkhdJ (kadosh), 5:15
6. rhglhUF, (herem), 6:17
7. Na nahnk jJ F, 10:12
8. cf fhfis j uh#hfSila fGJfnk itf, 10:24
9. nyaUF glzf, 21:1-3
10. fjUila Cafhu, 24:29
B. Ka egf
1. uhfh, 2:1
2. fjUila nrid mg, 5:14
3. Mfh, 7:1
4. brbyhahJ, 17:3
5. bdfh, 22:13

1. bga rKu, 1:4
2. , 2:1
3. Mjh, 3:16
4. M, 7:2
5. nah, 9:3
6. benf, 11:16
7. mugh, 11:16
8. vngh, 12:5
9. v MW, (wadi al arish), 15:4
10. ndh gsjhF, 15:8
11. nf, 17:7)
58
12. bknjh, 17:11
13. nyh, 18:1
14. bgbabrgh, 19:2
XI. khztfSfhd nff

1. njt nkhnria CFjJnghy vgo nahRthit CFjh? (1:1 Kj; 5:13-15)
2. unty nahjhid vgo Rthrdh flJbrwhf (3)?
3. kdh V WnghdJ?
4. unty nrid V M glz njhfofglJ?
5. naha vgo nahRthit Vkhdhf?
6. 10M mfhu rakhf xU mjkh? V myJ V iy?
7. nya glzfSF, milfy glzfSF ilyhd bjhl vd?
8. 22M mfhu fhzgL uid vd?
59
ahahgf - mKf
I. jf bga
A. ``n[h~bgo vw vbua brhUJ j bga tUwJ. ``xU tHif KoF

bfhLtUj vgJ j mjkhF.
1. ``gF MSe vgjfhd ngnfa bga
2. `MSe vgjfhd mfha bga
3. ``jiyik g vgjfhd fhnja bga
B. brLtho J gf myJkrital vW bkhbgafgLsJ.
C. y tnfo judicum vW bkhbgafgLsJ.
D. `àhahgf vw jiy jtwhd vzJF ttFwJ. tf ahahgfisnghy

bragliy. tf njtdh vGggL, njt Mahdt tyikia bgW Jos cq
jiytfshf braglhf (3:10; 6:34; 11:29; 14:6,19; 15:14), ma ehoduh xLfgLtUJ
kfis LF nehfnjhL tf braglhf (ghf, 2:16). Ljiy uf vgJ
bghUjkhd jiyghf UF.
A. J VWbfhsgl vbua ntjhfk ulhtJ gFaha ``fjrd vw gF

ulhtJ yhF.
B. j gF uL Ka ghffshf fgoUwJ:
1. Kija fjf - j fis eh tuyhW f vW miHnwh- nahRth Kj
uh#hf tiu (% ju)
2. ija fjf- j fis eh fjrd f vW miHnwh - Vrhah Kj
kah tiu (jhna kW yg ju)
III. vtifglJ - J mogil tuyhW ciueilahF.
IV. vGat
A. ntjhfk xW brhygliy.
B. ghgh guh 14M gF rhKnt jDila bgaYs iy, ahahgf kW % fis

vGdh vW brhYwJ
C. j jf gy fhyflJ bria brhYwgoah, fzh fl xUtuh kL j
jfij vGUf KoahJ.
D. itfUJ j jf xWnrfgoUfyh:
1. itfis nghw bgayhj, vGjgl Mjhuf:
a. fjUila j jf v. 21:15
b. ahnr jf nahRth 10:13 kW 2 rhKnt 1:18
2. thbkhahf tHfgLtj gy Mjhufis gUfyh. uhjd ka H vGJ
cgfuzf iy mfkhf, RkJ bry fodkhditahf Ujgoah f rahd
tif thbkh tuyhWf gJbfhsgld:
a. PhdUZofhudha rhKnt ugjY, fjaha ehjh ugjY,
PhdUZofhudha fh ugjY vGUwJ 1 ehsh. 29:30
60
E. M bjhFJ vGat Jtfhy Ia MSifnghJ vGUfyh:
1. jh ehfis idTUgo bgynf FlgLsJ (ghf, 17:7,8,9; 19:1,2,18 UKiw).
2. gy gFf mur MSif fhyfl UjJ ugfgLwJ mehf untny
uh#h iy vw brhbwhl gy lf fhzgLwJ (ghf. 17:6; 18:1; 19:1; 21:25). unt
uh#h yhlhY Rs ehLf uh#hf Ujhf.
F. fhy ntbwhUt bjhFUfyh vgJ %gzkhwJ:
1. 18:30 trd itfis ugwJ:
a. . K. 722 tlfa gJ nfhujhU mauh iwofgL nghdhf.
b. V ehf clgoif bgo bgjuh ofglij Flyh, 1 rhK. 1-7.
2. j ghugago vnuah kW/myJ vwh giHa Vgho y gFfis rghJ
vGdhf vW brhygLwJ. iwa to giHa VghL vgo cUthaJ vgJ ekF
ilfiy. vwhY, J giHa VghL f njtdh VtgL vGjglit vgij
ghfiy.
V. fhy
A. j jf jh MSifnghJ bjhFJ vGjgoUfyh vwhY, Fs tuyhW

brf fzh fltflUJ ilfiy vW brhy KoahJ. jF uL ey
vLJfhLfis Flyh:
1. 1:21 trd va nghJ vUrny FoUjhf vW ghnwh. mtfSila
nfhilia jhJ fhy ojh, 2 rhK. 5:6 Kj.
2. 3:3 trd U my, njhnd ngnfa Ka glzkhf FlgLsJ.
B. j jf nahRth fhyJF dhUJ rhKnt w tiuyhd fhyflij
FLwJ. j jf Jtf ahiu Jtfij rhUwJ (. K. 1445 myJ
1290) . mgoahdh Jtf . K. 1350 myJ 1200Mf UF. r MSif Jtfkha . K.
1020 j jf Kofhykhf Ufyh.
C. ahahgf bfhLfgLs vyh fhyij nrJ ghjh 390-410 ML fhyfl
tUwJ. Mdh tf fhy ehtirgljhf Uf KoahJ. Vbdwh 1 uh. 6:1 trd,
ahiuF rhbyhnkh . K. 965 Myaij foajF il 480 MLf Ujjhf
brhygoUwJ. ahahgf mogil cq jiytfshf Ujhf. vdnt mtf
y xnu fhyfl bragoUfyh.
VI. tuyhW d
A. ahahgf Jtf mfhufUJ nahRth vyh gFfis btbfhsiy

vgJ bjwJ. nahRth mogil fhdh Ka muzhd glzfis mtfSila
nridfis njhfojh. njt xbthU nfhujhU jf gFfis fhJbfhSgo
lh, 2:6. J ahiunghJ, njrij nkbfhlnghJ njt brj mjfis fouhj
a jiyKiwdiu gir ghgjhf UjJ, 2:1-10; 3:1.
B. j gir a jiyKiwd njhWnghdhf, 2:11Kj; 3:7,12; 4:1; 6:1; 10:6; 13:1. jkJ kf
brj ghtJfhf mtfis xLFgo njt ma djhiu mDkjh. kf kdU,
cjfhf njtl bfdhf. njt ``LF xUtiu mDdh. wF J fhy njr
rkhjhdnjhL UF. wF kWgokhf ght brthf. j xGnf mogil ahahgf
jf fhzgLwJ. 2:6-16:31. (ght, tUj, kdUj, u.).
VII. ya myFf
A. ahahgf fhyflij iwaahf _W btntwhd tf tfyh. j _W

ghitfns RUfkhf mikwd:
1. nahRth bt isf
2. LF xUtUfhd njit
61
3. fsnghjfJF vLJfhLf
B. xU RUfkhd tiuaiw:
1. fhdhid btbfhSj Fj RUfkhd br, 1:1-2:5
2. njtDila kf ght, aha, LfgLj, 2:6-16:31
3. njtDila kf ghtfSfhd vLJfhL, it mj ehisa kf ebd NHiy
btgLJwd:
a. fh ufhuhjid, 17
b. jh lbgaJ brYj, 18
c. ah ghYwahd ght, 19-21
C. Ka ahahgfS mtfSila vfS:
bga ntjhfk gF v rkhjhd fhy (1)

myJ aha
fhy (2)
1. xna 3:7-11 bkbrhbghjhah 40 MLf (1)
(Trhjhp)
2. VT 3:12-30 nkth (vnyh) 80 MLf (1)
3. bjbghuh 4:1-24 (ciueil) fhdha (ah kW 40 MLf (1)
5:1-31 (fij) brruh)
4. nah 6-8 aha kW 40 MLf (1)
mknya
5. bajh 10:17-12:7 mnkha kW 6 MLf (2)
vuhp nfhujh
5. nrh 13-16 bgj 20 MLf (2)
D. a ahahgf
bga ntjhfk gF v aha

rhj
fhy
1. rfh 3:31 bgj ?
2. njhyh 10:1-2 ? 23 MLf
3. ah 10:3-5 ? 22 MLf
4. rh 12:9-10 ? 7MLf
5. Vnyh 12:11-12 ? 10 MLf
6. mnjh 12:3-15 ? 8 MLf
E. mbknyF, 9:1-57:
1. t xU kWkidaho_y nah Fkhudhf Ujh.
2. mt nf vw xU glz kLnk jhf isjh.
3. t kw ahahgfUJ ntWgltdhf Ujh.
VIII. Ka raf
A. bjhlj isfis j jf bjthf fhLwJ:

1. mLJtj xbthU jiyKiw clgoifia aJ; fhdha bjtfis
tglhf.
62
2. thFgzgl njr njt nfhufSF ygFia JbfhLj wF
jh nfhujh njt bgjiu Kaogh vW eif itfhk nkY tlnf
lbgaUtij bjJbfhlhf.
B. njt jkJ kfis ahagjF w#h kfis gagLdh (fhy, ah, mah,
ghnyh). J cghfk 27-29 mfhuf rhg gFfis ugwJ.
C. Iakhd nfhufis telJ xU ahd uh#h njitia j jf fhLwJ.
D. Mahfk Jtfgl j kf tuyhiw j jf bjhlJ brhYwJ.
A. brhf kW brhbwhlf
1. iffhf bgUuf jfgld, 1:7
2. vfhs Cdh, 3:27
3. Wnfh, 3:31
4. fjahdt, 4:4
5. KG mW, 8:2
6. bkbahbd fthku (terebinth), 9:37
7. bghny, 12:6
8. mtdt jj ghitF rnghdgo brJtjh 17:6; 18:1; 19:1; 21:25
9. R%g,(teraphim), 18:17
10. ngah kf (belial), 19:22
B. Ka egf
1. bruh, 4:2 5. mbknyF, 9:1
2. ghuh, 4:6 6. fhnkh, 11:24
3. ahnf, 4:17 7. jhnfh, 16:23
4. baUghfh, 6:32; 7:1

1. ngr kuf glz, 1:16; 3:13 12. nf, 9:1
2. Muh, 1:16 13. gh, 10:17
3. bgnj, 1:22 14. mndh MW, 11:13
4. bknjh, 1:27 15. ahnghF MW, 11:13
5. nfnr, 1:29 16. dh, 14:1
6. mnfh, 1:31 17. mfnyh, 14:19
7. Mnrh, 4:2 18. fhrh, 16:1
8. uhkh, 4:5 19. nyh, 18:31
9. jhngh kiy, 4:6 20. vR, 19:10
10. nrh, 4:7 21. ah, 19:12
11. bauna gsjhF, 6:33
XI. khztfSfhd nff
1. fhdhid btbfhlij FJ nahRth 1-12Ys tufisl ahahgf 1-2Ys
tuf V ntWgoUwd?
2. V unt nfhuf fhdha vnyhiu bfhWnghl ntL, mtfnshL clgoif
brJbfhs TlhJ vW brhyglJ?
3. y ahahgf V bgatf vW kwtf atf vW miHfgLwhf?
63
4. njt bg jiytfis gagLJwh vgij FJ 4-5 mfhuf brhYtJ vd?
5. 7M mfhu njt V nah uf vifia FiwFgo Tdh?
6. bajh jdJ Fkhuia njtDF glhdh? (11:30-40)
7. nrhidnghy ir iwjtid njtdh vgo gagLj Ko?
8. jh nfhujh lbgajJ V ghtkhf UwJ?
64
% - mKf
I. jf bga
j Ka fjhghuf xUtsha % bga miHfgLwJ. nkhtha bgzha
tSila rj jhJ naR tjhf (k. 1:5).
A. j vbua ntjhfk _whtJ tha ``vGjgl f vw it nrj xU

yhF.
B. J nrj IJ f bjhFig nrjjhf UwJ; j IJ W fS bknyh

myJ `ÌJ RUf vW miHfgLwd. j IJ a jff xbthW btntwhd
goif ehf thfgLwd: %, vj, ur, cdjghL, yg. % jf
bgbjbfhnj myJ thuf goif eh thfgLwJ.
C. brLtho % jf ahahgf jfJF wF itfgoUwJ. n#hrg Contra
Apion, 1:8, vw giHa Vgho 22 f kLnk Uwd vW TWwh. mgoahdh
ahahgfS %J xnu yhf vzgoUf ntL. vdnt fhynyna J vGjgl
f nrfgoUf ntL (b#nuh).
III. vtifglJ
A. J ciuahl trd to vGjgl tuyhW ciueil yhF. j jf 85 trdf

Uwd; itf 50 ciuahl trd to vGjgLsd. vGat fijbrhYt
njjtuhf Uwh.
B. itf fhuzkhf j tuyhW my xU ehlfnk vW y tYef fUJwhf:
1. fjhghuf bgaf milahsahd mj:
a. knyh = neh
b. nah = mFshtJ
c. xgh = Wkhilat
d. enfh = vdF ikahdt
2. fjhghuf vnyhU gilatfshf UgJ aghdjhf iy.
3. ahahgf fhyfl, 1:1, fjhghufsh btgLjgL tYthd Rthr.
IV. vGat
A. gy giHa VghL fis nghynt vGat bga brhygliy.
B. ghgh guh 14M gF rhKnt j iy, ahahgf kW rhKnt fis vGdh vW

brhYwJ. % 4:17, 22 trdf jhij FJ FoUwgoah J mnefkhf ayhj
fhakhf Ufyh.
C. % 4:7 trd, `` untny tfhy tHf vW TwgoUwgoah, J fhyij nrj
xUt vGdh myJ rbrjh vW brhy l bfhLwJ.
V. fhy
A. j jf brhygLs ff ahahgf fhyfl elUwd, 1:1.

(. K. 1350 myJ 1200 Kj . K. 1020 tiu). j fhuzkhfnt brLtho J ahahgf
jfJF mLjjhf itfgoUwJ.
65
B. untyUF nkhthaUF il rkhjhd ya fhyfl J fUfyh.
1. ahahgf 3:12-30 trdfis ghFnghJ J aigawJ.
2, vwhY y ntisf rkhjhd fhzgoUfyh, 1 rhKnt 22:3-4 (r)
C. vnghJ j jf vGjglJ?
1. jh MSifnghnj j jf vGjgoUf ntL, 4:17,22. jh trht
xU nktha bg UjhY, tuyhW cikfhj mJ FlgLsJ (ghf, cgh. 23:3).
2, % eil brhf gaghL ehshfkijnghy yhk rhKntiynghy UwJ.
VI. tuyhW dF Mjuthf UF Mjhuf

j jf ijbghU M_ykhf cWgLjgl xnu br, RjjuthFa cikia
khWtjF fhyfis khbfhS gHfkhF. gyiff Jnghw gHf FlgLsJ.
it . K. 2000 Mil nrj mfha gh gyiffshF. j fhyflij eh Kjhf
fhyfl vW miHnwh.
VII. ya myFf (d)
A. untJ njtDila jlidF jgo enfh FLgjh nkhthF XobrYwhf;

mnf Mf vnyhU kJnghwhf, 1:1-5
B. jdJ nkhtha kUkfnshL enfh vUrnyKF Uwh, 1:6-22
C. thnfhJik mWtil ntis % nghthir rUwh. mt mtl jafhLwh, 2:1-23
D. nghth ftdij <Fgo enfh %J lL, btbgWwhf, 3:1-18
E. enfhdh tsfgL isF beUd cw Kiwahdhf njitahd vyh VghLfis

nghth brwh, 4:1-22
VIII. Ka raf
A. xU w#h Rth gagahd Fzhra, 1:16-17;
B. j kW w#h bgf gagahd Fzhra;
C. knj 1:5 kW fh 3:32 trdf bfhLfgLs jhJ uh#h kW nkah uh#h

trht w#h bgf bgaf fhzgLwd; J njtDila lkhF.
A. brhf kW brhbwhlf
1. vuha, 1:2; 4:11
2. khuh, 1:20
3. rttyt (El Shaddai), 1:20
4. brilf milfykh tj cdF, 2:12
5. kufh, 2:17
6. beUd cwKiwah(goel), 2:20; 3:9; 4:14
7. jitia kzj, cgh. 25:5-10
8. fhfnk _oUw nghitia y 3:4,7-8,14
9. xUt j ghjuiria fH, kwtDF bfhLgh, 4:7
B. Ka egf
1. vbknyF, 1:2
2. <rh, 4:22
66
1. nkhth, 1:1
2. bgbynf, 1:2
XI. khztfSfhd nff
1. VWbfhsgl vbua ntjhfk j nehf vd?
2. V j FLgd untiyL Xonghdhf?
3. beUd cw KiwahDF jitia Ukz br tHffSF ilyhd bjhlig
sf.
4. j jf V jhij FKfhl brtjhf UwJ?
67
1, 2 rhKnt - mKf
I. jf bga
A. j j KjyhtJ KakhdJkhd fjhghu bga miHfgLwJ: rhKnt. j

bga mj:.
1. fjl nfL bgwt.
2. ``fjl (V) mtid nfnl (ghf, 1 rhK. 1:20).
B. t:
1. xU ahahg - 1 rhK. 7:6, 15-17
2. xU fj - 1 rhK. 3:20 (fjf M PhdZofhu vW miHfglhf,
1 rhK. 9:9; 1 ehsh. 29:29
3. xU Mrha - 1 rhK. 10:8; 16:5
A. j VWbfhsgl vbua ntjhfk ulhtJ tha ``fjrd f vw

it nrj xU yhF. j gF ulhf fgoUwJ:
uh#hf tiu (% ju)
B. M vbua ntjhfk 1,2 rhKnt uL xnu yhfnt Ujd:

1. ghgh guh 14M gF - MT Ko F 2 rhKnt Konghnj fhzgLwJ.
2. Eusebius Ecclesiastical History. VII:25:2
C. brLtho J uL gFfshf fgoUwJ, mnefkhf j snk fhuzkhf Ufyh.
tuyhW fSF go bga bfhLfgLsJ:
1. 1 rhKnt - uh{a Kj jf (tnfo, 1 uh#hf)
2. 2 rhKnt - uh{a ulh jf (tnfo, 2 uh#hf)
3. 1 uh#hf - uh{a _wh jf (tnfo, 3 uh#hf)
4. 2 uh#hf - uh{a ehfh jf (tnfo, 4 uh#hf).
III. vtifglJ
A. J mogil thif tuyhJ ghitia xUKfgLJ tuyhW ciueilahf UwJ.
B. mjhtJ J tuyhW gHffis, ffis gbrUwJ. it vyh RthfSF

njit vW brhy KoahJ.
C. J fhya nkfa tuyhW my, J uhjd ka HF tuyhwhF. J iwa
rafis bjFgoahf Fl ffis bjbjLJ brhYwJ. vdnt J
RnrfSF, elgof YF xjjhf UwJ. itf mogil jF mjfhz
ntL: 1) bjbjLfglJ, 2) VWbfhsglJ, 3) mik tir, 4) LjYF HhdJ.
vwhY, vbuaU VaUnk f rahf tuyhiw gbrUwhf vgij Fl
ntL. kw uhjd kf btfis bgJgLUwhf, njhfis brhyhk
oUwhf.
D. nghJ edfhy ijbghU M_y mfkhd ka HF VLf mPfSF
ilUwd. j_y rhKnt , Fghf 1 rhK. 15-2 rhK. 8, vgoglJ vgij ff
KowJ. Fghf . K. 1200I nrj Va Mtzkha `ÀYo thj vw YF
68
rhKnt YF il gy xWikf fhzgLwd. j mogil xU a MSif
tirF Mjuthf vGjgLsJ. j_y jhf MSgt kbwhUt rltkhd MSifia
gJbfhlh vW brhy KoahJ (Zondervan Pictorial Encyclopedia, vol. 5 p. 259- 260):
1. xU a uh#h tUgo tela ffis tWJwJ.
2. bgUghY ehtirahd tufis bfhouhk ff bjhFig bfhoUwJ.
3. K MSifbrjtf jFikia bjthf fhLwJ.
4. jhf MSifbrgt uhQt btfis fhLwJ.
5. jhf MSifbrgt f gutij btgLJwJ.
6. jhf MSifbrgt Kakhd mua Ukzfis gbrwJ.
7. rka Joig, jhf MSifbrgtiu Fj nja czit fhLwJ.
8. a uh#h MSif RUf bfhLfgLsJ. fl MthjfS, thfahd
btfS tWjgLwd.
IV. vGat
A. j ghuga vnghJnk rhKntny vGat vgij cWgLJwJ:

1. ghgh guh 14M gF rhKnt jdJ bgaYs iy, ahahgf kW % fis
vGdh vW brhYwJ.
2. jfnk rhKnt ij vGdh vW brhYwJ (ghf, 1 rhK. 10:25 - Kj 12-15 mfhuf
go idfgld)
3. fhya j mPf cghfk kW nahRth fisnghy, j Y mj Ka
fjhghu kuzij gbrUwJ - 1 rhK. 25:1; 28:3 - vW mfjhf.
mtUila kuzJF tj ffSTl gbragoUwd. vdnt mtf go
brhYwhf:
a. mnefkhf ntjghufdha bruhah, 2 rhK. 8:17 ij vG KoUfyh.
b. mnefkhf Mrhadha majh j Ko gFia vGUfyh.
c. mnefkhf, fjaha ehjh Fkhu rh ij bjhFUfyh (ghf, 1 uh.
4:5).
B. ed fhy mPf:
1. j jff cslf ffis fzh fltf bfhLj tufis
bfhoUwJ vgJ mffgoUwJ (iu).
2. w MjhufS gagLjgLsd vgJ mffgLsJ:
a. `àhnr jf, 2 rhK. 1:18
b. rhKnt ugj, 1 rhK. 10:25; 1 ehsh. 29:29
c. ehjh kW fh ugj, 1 ehsh. 29:29
d. mj ehf w ehshfkf, 1 ehsh. 27:24
e. rhKnt, ehjh, fh _tU _W ciueil gFfis vGdhf vW (1 ehsh. 29:29)
ehjh Fkhudha rh (1 uh. 4:5) itfis nrJ vGdh vW gy mPf
TWwhf. t muR Mtzfis ghfToatdhf Ujh.
3. rhKnt fhyJF tj ija Mafis Fj %gzK UwJ.
`èhtiuF vw brh mij cWgLJwJ (ghf, 1 rhK. 5:5; 6:18; 27:6; 30:25; 2 rhK. 4:3;
6:8; 18:18).
4. j Maf . K. 922 Ia uh{a j wF tlfa nfhuf unt,
vuhp myJ rkhah myJ bjfa nfhukhf thJ braglhf vgjF %gz
UwJ (iu). Ahr . K 930 fhyij, v vgt . K. 933 fhyij FLwhf
(ghf, 1 rhK. 11:8; 17:52; 18:16; 27:6; 2 rhK. 5:5; 24:1).
5. ed mPf rhKnt jf nrJ vGjgl yaJF wj vLJfhL vW
fUJwhf:
a. Mrhafshf V FLgjh Ko
(1) 1 rhKnt 2:31 Kj
(2) 1 rhKnt 3:1 Kj
69
b. r mnfbragLj:
(1) ufakhf, 1 rhKnt 9:26-10:1
(2) bghJkfSF Kdh (UKiw), 1 rhKnt 13:14; 15:23
c. jhJ rYF mKfbrJitfgLj:
(1) 1 rhKnt 16:21
(2) 1 rhKnt 17:58
d. jhJ rlUJ jj:
(1) 1 rhKnt 24:3
(2) 1 rhKnt 26:5
e. jhJ nahdjhD clgoif brJbfhSj:
(1) 1 rhKnt 18:3
(2) 1 rhKnt 20:16, 42
(3) 1 rhKnt 23:18
f. jhJ fhJF brYj:
(1) 1 rhKnt 21:10
(2) 1 rhKnt 27:1
g. nfhahij bfhYj:
(1) jhJ - 1 rhKnt 17:51
(2) vfhdh - 2 rhKnt 21:19
(3) 1 ehsh. 20:5 trdUJ nfhahJ mtDila rnfhjuD (yhnfh) nrnj
FlgLwhf vW bjwJ.
h. riy bfhyhk Lj:
(1) 1 rhKnt 24:3Kj
(2) 1 rhKnt 26:5Kj
i. izahd fhafis uil fhafis FJ FLnghJ M.nf. Ahr
``ntjhfk ciueilf jtWf fhzgLwd vW brhygLtjF ftdyhk
thgnj fhuzkhF; y ntisf vbua gFF ntLbknw jtwhd mj
TwgLwJ, J mj fgid isntahF vW brhUwh, Introduction to
the Old Testament, p.703.
6. vGat ah vgJ ekF bjahJ (. n#. v); giHa VghL f vgo bjhFfgld
vgJ ekF bjahJ. vwhY itfis cWahf Tw Ko:
a. njtnd j braKiwia teldh;
b. j ff fij my, bkahfnt tuyhW ffshF;
c. j ff iwa ghit ghfgoUwd.
V. fhy
A. vnghJ j ff eljd:
1. 1 rhKnt jf rhKnt wUJ (. K. 1105) r w tiuyhd (1011/10 Harrison
& NIV; 1013 Young; 1000 Bright) ffis vLJ brhYwJ.
2. 2 rhKnt jf . K. 1011 r kuz Kj jh MSif Ko tiuyhd (971/70
Ahr; 973 v; 961 iu). ffis vLJ brhYwJ. rhbyhnkh mnefkhf . K. 969
jdJ MSifia Jtdh.
B. vnghJ j jf vGjglJ:
1. j jf y gFfshtJ nghJ mit UF tot . K. 922 myJ . K. 930
Ia uh{a sgl wF vGjgld vW 1 rhKnt 11:8; 27:6 trdf RofhLwd.
2. kWgo kWgokhf tU `èh tiuF vw brhbwhl itfis fhLwJ:
70
a. jf y gFf ff elJ l fhyJF wF vGjgoUwd: 1 rhK.
5:5; 6:18; 27:6; 30:25; 2 rhK. 4:3; 6:8; 18:18.
b. gagLjgLs Mjhuf Vbfdnt j brhbwhl fhzgLwJ.
3. j fhyflij fzLtYs xU uid 1 rhK. 13:1 trdkhF. r
MSif fhy bfhLfgoUjhY, mJ ghgoUwJ. xU v fhzhknghUgJ
bjthf bjwJ.
VI. tuyhW d
A. 1 rhKnt jf ahahgf fhyfl fhzgl muh#fK, ebyhGf nfL

bjhlUtij eh ghnwh
1. ght, Mu, kfhd b#g, njt LjiyagJ it ahahgf 1-17
mfhuf fhzgLtJnghy Uwd.
2. ahahgf 18-21 mfhuf ebyhGf nfo _W vLJfhLf goal
goUwd.
B. j fhyfl bkbrhbghjhah, vJ nghw bga muRf viyia mff bra
ntL vw vz bfhoUfiy.
1. vJ:
a. gjhtJ MSif tir (. K. 1180-1065 iu) fil Rnj va uh#h gbdhwh
uhknr vgtdhth.
b. ``nlid vW miHfgl vauyhj Ugbjhwh MSif tir . K. 1065-
935 MSif brjJ, iu.
2. Kjyh nynyrhUF wF (. K. 1118-1078 iu) ma nguuR ailjJ
C. . K. 1300 mf vifyhd bgj (Va flgFia nrjtf) vij of
KaW njhWnghdhf. tf . K. 1250 ghyd bjnkF _iy Fonadhf.
tf ValUJ U fJF bjh Egfis bgUjhf. IJ glzf
tf jfis iyWbfhlhf mfnyh, mnjh, vnuh, fh, fhrh. j efuf
nuffisnghy jfSbfW j uh#hit bfhoUjd. unty Jtffhy uh{a
tf mtfSF Ka vfshf Ujhf.
VII. ya myFf (d)
A. Ka egfis Fj RUf
1. V kW rhKnt, 1 rhK. 1-7
2. rhKnt kW r, 1 rhK. 8-15
3. r kW jhJ, 1 rhK. 16 - 2 rhK. 1
4. jhMSif, 2 rhK. 2-12
5. jhJ mtDF tjtfS, 2 rhK. 13-20
6. jhJ kW mtDila MSifia Fj w fhaf, 2 rhK. 21-24
B. 1 kW 2 rhKnt vGat/Ma vGa bjhF thrff fhzgLwd:

1. 1 rhKnt 7:15-17
2. 1 rhKnt 14:49-51
3. 2 rhKnt 8:15-18
4. 2 rhKnt 20:23-26
C. thd tuf:
1. ghf, R.K. Harrison, Introduction to the Old Testament, p. 695-696
2. ghf, E.J. Young, An Introduction to the Old Testament, p. 180-187
3. ghf, NIV Study Bible, p. 373 and 422
71
VIII. Ka raf
A. xU njr cUthFtjfhd dia nkhnr WaJnghy, xU murhSif JtFtjfhd

dia rhKnt Wdh:
1. cghfk 17:14-20 trdf unty xU uh#hit bgUghf vW nkhnr Kdjh.
j trdf xU ahd uh#h vd bra ntL, vd braTlhJ vW mt
mwh.
2. 1 rhKnt jf uh#hit Fj uid fhzgLwJ:
a. vkiwahd mrf:
(1) mtf fjnu uh#hthf uhk mtiu xJ jdhf, 1 rhK. 8:7; 10:19
(2) rfy #hfSFS Uwgo jfSF xU uh#h ntLbkW nflhf 1 rhK.
8:5; 12:19-20
(3) J rhKntYF Ugkhdjhf Ufiy, mt jgl Kiw jh
wffgljhf vdh, 1 rhK. 8:6
b. Mftkhd mrf:
(1) mtfSF xU uh#hit bfhLj_y cghfk jh bfhLj thFjjij
fj iwntdh, 1 rhK. 8:7,9,22, mtf brhiy nf
(2) gagahd tKiwfis uh#hl brh, 1 rhK. 8:9 (cgh. 17:14-20)
(3) uh#h kfis fhgh ugh, 1 rhK. 9:16 (kf b#gJF gyhf
ahahgf braglJnghy, ghf, 1 rhK. 12:13)
B. ujhd MrhalUJ, Mr TlhuUJ MFa tyik vGJtU fjF
khWtij rhKnt FoUwh. itf fhuzkhfnt J neoUfyh:
1. V kW mtDila FLgjhJ njtDila aha, 1 rhK. 2:22-3:18.
2. Mrhaf tot kW rlFfSF, fjf Uja czJ, RthrJ
ghitia xUKfgLJtjF il rkiy njitglJ.
3. MrhafS fjfS xLbkhj kfSF clgoif kajfshf
Uwhf.
4. njtDila jij cWgLJgoahf r rhKntiy neh ghjh; jhJ ehjhid,
fhij neh ghjh.
C. 2 rhKnt itfis gbrwJ:
1. njt jhJF brj eikf.
2. jh gyfS, gydfS
3. jh ght fhuzkhf mtJ njtDila aha, itfJ mj
isf:
a. njr
b. cah FLg
c. gnrgh is
d. jh isf
D Mahfk Jta njtDila kf tuyhiw 1, 2 rhKnt f bjhlJ brhYwd.
A. brhf kW brhbwhlf
1. 1 rhKnt:
a. rz VnghJ, 2:18,28
b. v bfh caUwJ, 2:1, 10
c. jh Kj bgbabrgh kL, 3:20
d. nfUf kny thrkhUw nridf fj 4:4,
e. mtut jf TlhufSF, 4:10
f. bgh brh%gf, 6:4
72
g. vbgndr, 7:12
h. fj jKila UjaF Vw xU kDid, 13:14
i. unt njr vF xU bfhy mfgliy, 13:19
j. gia ghY goj cjk, 15:22
k. fj kdjhgglh... 15:35
l. fjuh tulgl xU bghyhjM mtid fyfgbfhoUjJ, 16:14
m. j thUJ Eiuia j jho Hg bfhoUjh, 21:13
2. 2 rhKnt:
a. ahnr jf, 1:18
b. nyh, 5:9
c. Jlhonghlh, 8:4
B. Ka egf
1. 1 rhKnt:
a. mdh, 1:2
b. X, bdfh, 1:3
c. fngh, 4:21
d. , 9:1
e. nahdjh, 14:1; 19:1
f. fh, 14:49
g. mnd, 14:50
h. nfhahJ, 17:4
i. njhntF, 21:7
j. majh, 22:20
k. vnjh mrd ghw , 28:7
l. mfh, 30:5
2. 2 rhKnt:
a. nghnr, 2:8
b. nahth, 2:13
c. mnkh, 3:2
d. mrnyh, 3:3
e. mnjhah, 3:4
f. nknghnr, 4:4
g. Crh, 6:3
h. cah, 11:3
i. jhkh, 13:5
j. rhnjhF, 15:24
k. nk, 16:5
A. 1 rhKnt:
1. ah ah, 6:21
2. uhkh, 7:17
3. bgbabrgh, 8:2
4. nyahUw ahng, 11:1
5. mJyh vD bf, 22:1
6. neh, 21:1
7. vnf, 23:29
8. yh, 30:1
9. nghth kiy, 31:8
73
B. 2 rhKnt:
1. mfnyh, 1:20
2. vnuh, 2:3
3. bauna, 2:9
4. nfnr, 5:25
5. jkF, 8:5
6. ugh, 12:27
7. bjnfhth, 14:2
8. vadha mtdh nghuow fs, 24:16 (vUrny)
XI. khztfSfhd nff
A. 1 rhKnt:
1. V rhKnt wigFJ kL brhygoUwJ? r kW jh wigg
xW brhygliy?
2. njt V Via mt FLgjhiu wfjh?
3. bdfhR, X V clgoif bgoia nghUF vLJ brwhf?
4. kf uh#h ntL vW nfljfhf rhKnt V nfhgglh?
5. r V uh#hthf uhjgo wffglh?
6. ``fjuh tulgl xU bghyhj M vgjF sf bfhLf.
7. r V jhij bfhWnghl Kawh?
8. r V vnjh Nafhl brwh?
9. r vgo kjh?
B. 2 rhKnt:
1. nghnr kuzij FJ jhJ V nfhgglh?
2. mnd kuzijFJ jhJ V nfhgglh?
3. jhJ V nknghnrJF cjbrjh?
4. njt V Crhit bfhwh?
5. 7M mfhu njt jhJF bfhLj thFjjf V Kakhditahf
Uwd?
6. gnrghSl jhJ brj ght vgo mtDila FLgij ghjJ?
7. rhnjhFF majhUF ilyhd ntWghil sf.
8. kf bjhifia vajfhf njt V jhJ nfhgglh?
74
1, 2 uh#hf - mKf
I. jf bga
A. 1, 2 ehshfk, 1, 2 rhKnt fisnghy 1, 2 uh#hf fS Kj vbua bkh xnu

yhfnt Ujd. J ``bkyh myJ uh#hf vW miHfglJ. J jh kW unt
uh#hfis Fj bria bfhoUwgoah go miHfglJ.
B. 1, 2 ehshfk, 1, 2 rhKnt fisnghy 1, 2 uh#hf fS brLtho ulhf

fgld. j f s fhuzkhfnt go braglJ. njhRU vil fhuzkhf
itfis xnu RU vGitf Koaiy. . . 1448F wnf vbua gF fglJ.
C. j uL jff jiy:
1. vbua bkh - `ùh#hf
2. brLtho - 3 kW 4 uh#hff
3. tnfo - 3, 4 uh#hf (1 kW 2 rhKnt 1, 2 uh#hff vW uh#hf vW
miHfglJ).
A. j f VWbfhsgl vbua ntjhfk ulhtJ tha ``fjrd f vw

it nrj xU fshF.
B. j gF ulhf fgoUwJ:
uh#hf tiu (% ju)
C. vbua giHa Vgho tir vbua iwiy izghikdh ghfgoUwJ.
vbua bkh 22 vGJf csd. gy fis xwhf nrFnghJ bkhj 22 f
tUwd:
1. ahahgf kW %
2. rhKnt
3. uh#hf
4. ehshfkf
5. vwh - benfah
6. vnuah kW yg
7. guL a fjf
III. vtifglJ
A. J mogil tuyhW ciueilahf UwJ. itfUJ mofo nknfhf

vLfgoUwd:
1. murit gntLf
2. fjf
B. rhKnt, uh#hf, ehshfk fis xL ghFnghJ, tuyhW ciueil gntW
totfis fhzyh:
1. rhKnt xU thif tuyhW yhF. Ka fjhghufJ J ghitia
xUKfgLJwJ:
a. rhKnt
b. r
c. jhJ
75
2. uh#hf mogil xU bjhFghF:
a. murit gntLf:
(1) rhbyhnkhDila elgo jf 1 uh. 11:41
(2) jhila uh#hf ehshfk jf 1 uh. 14:29; 15:7,23
(3) unt uh#hf ehshfk jf 1 uh. 14:19; 15:31.
b. fjrd brf:
(1) vah
(2) vrh
(3) Vrhah (m. 36-39)
(4) fjrd kW tuyhW gfSfhd %gzfis ehshfk fhz Ko:
(a) 1 ehshfk 29:29
(b) 2 ehshfk 9:29
(c) 2 ehshfk 12:15
(d) 2 ehshfk 13:22
(e) 2 ehshfk 26:22
3. ehshfk f mogil j uh#hfis Fj, bjbjLfgl, iwaahf
Mftkhd brfshF:
a. Ia uh{a
b. jh uh#hf.
IV. vGat
A. Kija fjrd f gytiw nghynt 1, 2 uh#hf fis vGatiu FJ

ntjhfk xW brhygliy.
B. ghgh guh 15 m gF vnuah jdJ bgaYs iy, uh#hf kW yg fis vGdh

vW brhYwJ :
1. 2 uh#hf 24:18-25:30 Ko vnuah 52M mfhuK vbua bkh xWnghy
Uwgoah J rhakhf UwJ.
2. vGat vUrny ia ne flt vgJ bjthf bjwJ.
C. cik j jff xU Mauh vGjglit my, bjhFfglit vgJ bjwJ.
D. bjhFjt gy Mjhufis gagLdh vgJ bjthf bjwJ:

1. ntjhfknk Kj Mjhukhf UwJ. cghfk kW fjrd f nknfhf vLJ
brhygLsd.
2. vGjgl Mjhuf FlgLsd:
a. rhbyhnkhDila elgo jf, 1 uh. 11:41
b. jhila uh#hf ehshfk jf, 1 uh. 14:29; 15:7,23
c. unt uh#hf ehshfk jf, 1 uh. 14:19; 15:31
d. 1 ehshfk 29:29 trd fjf vGjgl tufis FJ FlgLsJ:
r, ehjh, fh. tht ghugaf vGitfgld vgij J fhLwJ.
E. 1, 2 uh#hf f Ma y nriff csd. myJ bjhFJ vGat jdJ

MjhufUJ brfis vLJ `èhtiuF vW nrJ brhUwh:
1. 1 uh. 8:8
2. 1 uh. 9:21
3. 1 uh. 12:19
4. 2 uh. 8:22
76
V. fhy
A. j jf ff xU fhyflij nrjitahF:
1. jh kuzUJ rhbyhnkh MSif Jtf tiu:
a. iu - . K. 961
b. Ahr - . K. 971/970
c. a - . K. 973
d. NIV - . K. 970
2. ghnyha uh#htha < bknuhjh MSif - t mbk-khL vW magLwh,
. K. 562-560 (Bright)
3. Mdh 2 uh#hf jf nka bga uh#htha kfh jit FJ Fliy;
tDila uhQtnk . K. 539 ghnyh glzij mjJ.
B. ghnyha iwUnghnjh myJ mjF FWa fhy fnjh j jf vGjglJ

myJ bjhFfglJ.
C. uh#hf MSif fhyij xWnrJ TLnghJ, mJ j jff

fhyflJFshf tuiy. jF gy f TwgLwd:
1. goalgLs vifahdJ nrJ MSifbrtij fz vLJbfhsiy.
2. uL ehfhof gagLjgLsd:
a. gRj ehfho iyfhy JtaJ
b. rka ehfho trjfhy JtaJ.
3. uh#hf kW ehshfkYs vfis xL ghFnghJ, ubaLj ntjghuff
iHbrUfyh vW bjwJ.
A. ijbghU M %gzf:
1. nkrh , J nkrh f vW miHfgLwJ - nkhth uh#h nkrh c murDF
(. K. 876-869, iu; . K. 874/3, Ahr; - ghf, 2 uh. 3:4) wF untiy vJ fyf
brjJ FlgLwJ.
2. ma uh#htha _wh rkdhrh (. K. 859-824, Ahr, iu) fU :
a. . K. 853 FthFth j Xbuo Mwfiu eljJ. j unt
uh#htha Mfhng nghlh vW brhygoUwJ; mtl rthj nrid
UjJ vW brhygoUwJ (ahnthL nrJ mt nghlh, ghf, 1 uh. 22:1).
j jij g giHa Vgho Flgliy.
b. unt mLj uh#htha baT (. K. 842-815, iu) mahF fg fLtij
FJ FlgLsJ (ghf, 2 uh. 9-10). J giHa Vgho Flgliy.
3. ulh babuhbgah fhyij nrj (. K. 786-746, iu; . K. 782-753, Ahr) xU a
Kiu babuhbgah bga FlgLsJ.
4. nfhrhgh gntLf . K. 722 rkhah ulh rnfh if (. K. 722-705)
GJnghdij FJ FlgLsJ.
5. vnrah MSifnghJ (. K. 715- 687 iu, ghf, 2 uh. 18:13-19:37, Vrhah 36-39) . K.
701 vUrny KWiflglij Fj rdbf br.
6. ma gfis, giHa VghL Mtzfis xJghFnghJ: 1) FthFth j
(unt kW ahF vuhf _wh rkdhrh nghlh) . K. 853; 2) Na ufz
(ma g . K. 763 vW brhYwJ. 3) baT _wh rkdhrhUF fg fLj, . K.
841; uh#hf jfYs j ff fhyij cWgLj Ko.
77
B. bkbrhbghjhah MSifbrjtfis Fj RUfkhd tuyhW M (#h iu vGa
Ys njfis mogilahf bfhlJ - A History of Israel, gf 462Kj ).
1. ma nguuR (M. 10:11):
a. rkaK, fyhrhuK Rnka/ghnyha nguu jhfij mfkhf bgUjJ.
b. uh#hf goaY, mtf mnefkhf Mbrj fhyK:
(1) 1354-1318 Kjyh mN cgh:
(a) Vaf fhbfZ glzij btbfhlh
(b) Vaf brthif mf, ma tsbgw mDkjh.
(2) 1297-1266 Kjyh Mjh-uh (tyikahd uh#h)
(3) 1265-1235 Kjyh rkdhrh (tyikahd uh#h)
(4) 1234-1197 Kjyh oFo-}lh - ghnyha nguu bjnf Kj bt
(5) 1118-1078 Kjyh yh-nyr - mah bkbrhbghjhah gF Ka uh{akhf
MwJ.
(6) 1012- 972 ulh mN-uh
(7) 972- 967 ulh mN-nu-N
(8) 966- 934 ulh yhnyr
(9) 934- 912 ulh mN-lh
(10) 912- 890 ulh Mjh-uh
(11) 890- 884 ulh oFo-}lh
(12) 883- 859 ulh mN-eh-mgh
(13) 859- 824 _wh rkdhrh, . K. 853 FthFth j
(14) 824-811 Ijh kh-Mjh
(15) 811-783 _wh Mjh-uh
(16) 781-772 ehfh rkdhrh
(17) 772-754 _wh mN-lh
(18) 754-745 _wh mN-uh
(19) 745-727 _wh yhnyr:
(a) ghnyha maiz VWnghJ vW miHfglh, 2 uh. 15:19
(b) mf tyiks uh#h
(c) btbfhl kfis lkhw br bfhifia Jtdh
(d) . K. 735 irnu-vukho cUthaJ. J mah Mfij vFgoahf
IuhJ e Jtf Kj vJ tiuyhd ehLfis xizF KaahF.
jh uh#htha Mfh nru kWJlh; unt ehL ah mtid
Mujhf. mt Vrhah MnyhridF nuhjkhf cjnfh _wh
yhnyrUF foj vGdh (ghf, 2 uh. 16; Vrhah 7-12).
(e) 732 _wh yhnyr unt J ahJ nghbjhLjh. Xbrahit
(732-722) maiz mkdh. tlF uh{aij nrj Mfzfhd
jf nkahF ehLfljglhf (ghf, 2 uh. 15).
(20) 727-722 Ijh rkdhrh
(a) Xbrah vJl clgoif brJbfhlh; mah Mu brjJ (ghf,
2 uh. 17)
(b) . K. 724 rkhahit KWiflh.
(21) 722-705 ulh rnfh:
(a) Ijh rkdh IjhLfhy KWifia Jtdh. mtDF tj ulh
rnfh unt jiyefuha rkhahit ojh. 27000F nkgnlh ehL
fljglhf.
(b) Va nguuR nkbfhsglJ.
78
(c) 714-711 MLf nahjhDF mLJs ehLf vJ njrnjhL nrJ
mahF vuhf fyfbrjhf. j Tl ``mZjh fyf vW
miHfglJ. Jtf jh vnrahTl <LghL bfhoUjh.
mah gy bgj glzfis KWifL, mJnghlJ.
(22) 705-681 rdbf:
(a) 705 ulh rnfh kuzJF wF kWgokhf nahjhid mLJs ehLf
vnjhL nrJ fyfbrjd. vnrah j fyfJF KGikahd Mjuit
bfhLjh. rdbf 701 gilbaLJ tjh. j fyf xLfglhY,
njtDila tyikahd ia_ykhf vUrny jfglJ (ghf, Vrhah 36-
39; 2 uh. 18-19).
(b) Vyh kW ghnyh Vgl fyfij rdbf xLdh.
(23) 681-669 vrhAlh:
(a) vij jh, btbfhl Kj ma uh#h
(b) ghnyhJ grhjhg bfhl t mj jiyefiu kWgokhf fodh.
(24) 669-663 mNghgh:
(a) t vwh 4:10 trd mdhgh vW miHfgLwh.
(b) tDila rnfhjudha khZ-]- ghnyh uh#hthf Mfglh. J
gy MLf mahF ghnyhDF il rkhjhd yt ttFjJ. Mdh
cSFshf fhzgl Rju jhf 652 btglJ. tDila rnfhju
ij teldh.
(c) . K. 663 ailjJ.
(d) 653, 645 MLf Vyhik njhfojh.
(25) 633-629 mN-o-yh
(26) 629-612 -h-ZF
(27) 612-609 ulh mN-cgh: - . K. 614 Mnr F wF Muh
Ujgo uh#hthf KoNlglh. . K. 612 nt uh#hthf KoNlglh.
2. a ghnyha nguuR:
a. 703-? bknuhnjh-gyhjh
- ma MSifF vuhf gy fyffis eldh.
b. 652 khZ-]-:
(1) vrh Alh kf, mNghgh rnfhju
(2) t mahF vuhf fyfbrjh; Mdh njhWnghdh.
c. 626-605 benghgyhrh:
(1) a ghnyha nguu Kj nguurdhth.
(2) nkahit nrj ahrhu tlHUJ mahit jha ntis, t
bjUJ jhdh.
(3) mah giHa jiyefuha mN . K. 614 ailjJ; tyikahd a
jiyefu nt . K. 612 ailjJ.
(4) ma va nrid MuhDF thaJ. mtf xU uh#hit
mkbfhlhf.
(5) 608 ghnth ulh nenfh (ghf, 2 uh. 23:29) vGbgW ghnyhDF
vuhf xU ria cUthFgoahf va ma uhQtij rFgo tlnf
mtFJ brwh (ghf, 2 uh. 23), jh gags uh#htha nahah
va uhQt ghyd tahf brYtij vjh (2 uh. 23). bknjh
xU a ngh eljJ. nahah fhagL, kJnghdh (2 uh. 23:29, 30), nahah
kf nahthfh a uh#hthdh. ghnth ulh nenfh jhkjkhf brwgoah,
MuhUj ma va uhQt mfgLtij mtdh jLf Koaiy.
mt ghnyh sturdha ulh nefhnerh gill nkhdh. . K.
605 IuhJ efiu fhbf elj ngh fLikahf njhfofglh.
ehLF U brY t mt vUrnyik bfhisaojh. nahthfh
_W khj fhy MSifF wF ehLfljglh. nahah kbwhU Fkhudha
79
vahik uh#hthf mkdh. (ghf, 2 uh. 23:31-35).
(6) ulh nefhnerh va nridia ghyd bjFgf uo
brwh; mnghJ j jfgdh kj bria nfll ghnyhDF
Udh.
d. 605-562 ulh nefhnerh:
(1) 597-538 MLfUJ ghnyh ghydij jdJ KG fLgho
itUjJ.
(2) 597 nahah vnjhL nrJbfhlgoah kWgokhf vUrnyUJ kf
oJ brygld (2 uh. 24). ulh nefhnerh tUtjF Kghf t
kJnghdh. mtDila Fkhu nahah _W khj uh#hthf UjnghJ,
ghnyhDF ehLfljglh. vnrna cgl gjhu Fokf ghnyh nfg
fhth mUnf Foakjgld.
(3) vnjhL mofo cwbfhl wF 586 vUrny glz KYkhf mfglJ
(2 uh. 25) mfkhd kf ehLfljgld. nahahDF wF tj njah
ehL fljglh. bfjah MSeuhf afglh.
(4) jf va uhQtdh bfjah bfhyglh. tf vJF Xo
brwhf, vnuahit jfSl GJ brwhf. nefhnerh ehfhtJ
Kiwahf (605, 596, 586, 582) nghL tJ, vUj vnyhiu GJ
brwh.
e. 562-560 < bknuhnjh, t mbk-khL vW maglh.
- t nahahik iwUJ Ljh; Mdh mt ghnyhnyna Uf
ntoUjJ (ghf, 2 uh. 25:27- 30; vnu. 52:31).
f. 560-556 be[h
- t vUrnyik mJnghl nefhnerh jsgahth.
g. 556- yhgh-khL
- t be[h kf, Mdh xgJ khjfSFshf bfhyglh.
h. 556-539 benghl:
(1) benghl mur FLgJF brhjkhdt my, vdnt t ulh
nefhnerh Fkhuia kzJbfhlh.
(2) t nlhkh Na flsha `` DF nfh fl mfkhd fhyij
brytjh. t j njtij bg rhahf Ujt kf. jdh
ghnyh Ka bjtkha khL rhf nuhjij rghJ
bfhlh.
(3) t fyffis ml, ehil ugLj mfkhd fhyij brytjh.
(4) t njkhF brwh. jdJ Fkhu bghrhiu jiyefuha ghnyh
mYtfis ftFgo L brwh (ghf, jh. 5).
i. ? - 539 bghrh (cl MSif)
- Foaik nrj nfhah ghuf uhQt IuhJ e jiu irkhw
brJ, vyhk ghnyhDF EiHJ, mij nkbfhlhf. MrhafS kfS
j ghuff jfis Ljiy bra tjjhf, khLif fhghw tjjhf
idjhf. ulh nfhnuR nfhahir ghnyh MSeuhf ajh. j
nfhahnr nkadha jthf Ufyh (jh. 5:31; 6:1). j vwh mur FLgjt
vW mjkhF.
3. nka-bga nguuR: ulh nfhnuR vG RUf (Vrhah 44:28; 45:1-7):
a. 625-585 ahbru ghnyh mahit njhfof cja nkah uh#hthf
Ujh.
b. 585-550 mona nkah uh#hthf Ujh. nfhnuR khnl _y tDila
ngudhf Ujh.
c. 550-530 mhik nrj ulh nfhnuR fg fL uh#hthf Ujh. t
fyfbrjh:
(1) ghnyha uh#htha benghl nfhnuRF Mjutjh.
80
(2) ulh nfhnuR mona#ir maizUJ wdh.
(3) benghl mfhuij rkiygLJgoahf tfnshL clgoif brJ
bfhlh:
(a) vJ
(b) ah (d Mah) uh#htha Fnuhr
(4) 547- ulh nfhnuR ah jiyefuha rijia neh mtFJ
brwh.
(5) 539- etg 2M eh Foaik nrj nfhah nfhnu uhQtij bfhL
vjj v yhk ghnyhid ojh. nfhah ghnyh MSeuhf
afglh.
(6) 539- mnlhg khj kfh ulh nfhnuR jgl Kiw Lgtdhf
EiHjh. ma eho ogltfis ehLflJtij mtfl jafhLtJ vw
tDila bfhif khaJ.
(7) 538- jfS kwtfS jf brhj ehLfSF U jf Myafis
kWgokhf fl mDkfglhf.
(8) 530- nfhnuRF wF mtDila Fkhu ulh nfbr MF tjh.
d. 530-522 ulh nfbr MSif
(1) nka bga nguunrhL . K. 525 vij nrJbfhlh;
(2) t FWa fhynk MSifbrjh:
(a) t jbfhiy brJbfhlh vW y brhYwhf;
(b) t jdJ Fiu VWnghJ jdJ thdh fhagL mj fhuzkhf
kJnghdh vW bAunlhl FLwh.
(3) bghahd murdha bko FWa MSif - 522
e. 522-486 Kjyh j (lh) MSifF tjh
(1) t mur t tjt my, uhQt jsgahf Ujh.
(2) t MSifbrgtfis Fj nfhnu lfis gagL bga uh{aij
cUtikjh (ghf, vwh 1-6; Mfh; rfah).
(3) ahitnghy t ehzafis bfhLtjh.
f. 486-465 Kjyh brbr MSif:
(1) va fyfij mldh.
(2) ghuf fdit iwntWgo nuf njrij of Kawh. Mdh . K. 480
bjnkhnghY, . K. 479 rhyY njhfofglh.
(3) ntjhfk mfhntU vW FlgL vj fzt, . K. 465
bfhyglh.
g. 465-424 Kjyh mjrZlh(yhnkd) MSifbrjh (ghf, vwh 7-10; benfah;
kah):
(1) bgnyhbgah cehL ngh tiu nuf bjhlJ Kndtjhf.
(2) mnjnd, bgnyhbgah vW nuf sgLwJ.
(3) nuf cehL nghf 20 MLf ojd.
(4) j fhyfl j rKjha gygLjglJ.
(5) ulh brbr, broahndh vgtf FWa fhy MSif - 423
h. 423-404 ulh j (nehnjh) MSifbrjh.
i. 404-358 ulh mjrZlh (benkh) MSifbrjh.
j. 358-338 _wh mjrZlh (Xnfh) MSifbrjh.
k. 338-336 mbr MSifbrjh.
l. 336-331 _wh j (nfhnlhnkd) MSifbrjh.
4. vij Fj M:
a. nfh (nkg uh#hf- brko d MSif)-1720/10-1550
b. 18MtJ MSiftir (1570-1310):
(1) 1570-1546 mnkh
(a) ir jiyefuhdh
(b) bjF fhdh gFia Mujh
81
(2) 1546-1525 Kjyh mbkndh~ (Kjyh mbknAhbl)
(3) 1525-1494 Kjyh jnkh
(4) 1494-1490 ulh jnkh (Kjyh jnkh kf Anil kzjh)
(5) 1490-1435 _wh jnkh (Ano kUkh)
(6) 1435-1414 ulh mbkndh~ (ulh mbknAhbl)
(7) 1414-1406 ehfh jnkh
(8) 1406-1370 _wh mbkndh~ (_wh mbknAhbl)
(9) 1370-1353 ehfh mbkndh~ (mZfdhbl)
(a) Naid, Mbl tzdh
(b) nkyhd bjt tgho (xUbjt tghL) Kiwikia cUthdh
(c) bl-v-mkdh fojf tDila fhyflij nrjit.
(10) ? bkfnu
(11) ? Llfhk (Llfhnl)
(12) ? M (M-M)
(13) 1340-1310 nAuAh
c. 19MtJ MSiftir (1310-1200):
(1) ? Kjyh uhnr (uhknr)
(2) 1309-1290 Kjyh n[ (n[njh)
(3) 1290-1224 ulh uhknr
(a) ijbghU M %gzij ghFnghJ tnd ahuhfk fhyJ ghnth
vW bjwJ.
(b) AghU moikfis bfhL (mnefkhf brko myJ vbua) mth, njh,
uhknr glzfis fodh.
(4) 1224-1216 khlh (bkbulh)
(5) ? mbkbkr
(6) ? ulh n[
(7) ? lh
(8) ? blnthbu
d. 20MtJ MSiftir (1180-1065):
(1) 1175-1144 _wh uhknr
(2) 1144-1065 ehfh uhknr
e. 21MtJ MSiftir (1065-935):
(1) ? bko
(2) ? bAnAh
f. 22MtJ MSiftir (935-725 - af):
(1) 935-914 h (Kjyh nhbr myJ Kjyh nh)
(a) rhbyhnkh kuz tiu babuhbgahik ghJfhjh
(b) 925 ghydij ojh (ghf, 2 uh. 14-25; 2 ehsh. 12)
(2) 914-874 Kjyh Xnrhnfh
(3) ? ulh Xnrhnfh
(4) ? ulh nhbe
g. 23MtJ MSiftir (759-715 - a)
h. 24MtJ MSiftir (725-709)
i. 25MtJ MSiftir (716/15-663 - vnaha/%a):
(1) 710/09-696/95 ghnfh (ghF)
(2) 696/95-685/84 bblnfh (bF)
(3) 690/689, 685/84-664 oAhfh (lhffh)
(4) ? lhlhk
j. 26MtJ MSiftir (663-525 - Saitic):
(1) 663-609 Kjyh rhbkof (rho)
(2) 609-593 ulh nenfh (nenfh)
(3) 593-588 ulh rhbkof (rho)
82
(4) 588-569 m (nAhuh)
(5) 569-525 mkh
(6) ? _wh rhbkof (rho)
k. 27MtJ MSiftir (525-401 - bga):
(1) 530-522 ulh nfr (ulh nfhnuR kf)
(2) 522-486 Kjyh j
(3) 486-465 Kjyh b[r
(4) 465-424 Kjyh mjrZlh
(5) 423-404 ulh j
ntWgl ehtirfhf, ghf, Zondervans Pictorial Bible Encyclopedia, vol. 2 p. 231.
5. nuf njrJ M:
a. 359-336 khnlhah ulh :
(1) nuf njrij fobaGdh
(2) . K. 336 bfhyglh.
b. 336-323 ``kfh mbyrhl ( Fkhu):
(1) r ngh bga uh#htha ulh jit njhfojh
(2) 32/33 tajhf UFnghJ, . K. 323 ghnyh fhryh kjh.
(3) mtDila kuzJF wF mbyrhl jsgf mtDila uh{aij gL
bfhlhf:
(a) frhl - khnlhah, nuf
(b) f - nu
(c) Kjyh brf - ah kW ghnyh
(d) lhy - vJ kW ghyd
(e) Monfhd - d Mah (t l fhy Ufiy)
c. ghyd fLghil bgw brLfSF lhyaUF il nghuhl:
(1) ah (br MSifahsf):
(a) 312-280 Kjyh brf
(b) 280-261 mnahf Kjyh nrhl
(c) 261-146 mnahf ulh nja
(d) 246-226 brf ulh fhf
(e) 226-223 brf _wh b[uhd
(f) 223-187 kfh _wh mnahf
(g) 187-175 brf ehfh ~nyngl
(h) 175-163 ehfh mnahf vg
(i) 163-162 Ijh mnahf
(j) 162-150 Kjyh bjnk
(2) vJ (lhy MSifahsf):
(a) 327-285 Kjyh lhy n[hl
(b) 285-246 ulh lhy yhblg
(c) 246-221 _wh lhy vbtbfo
(d) 221-203 ehfh lhy ~nyhngl
(e) 203-181 Ijh lhy vg
(f) 181-146 Mwh lhy nyhbklh
(3) RUf:
(a) 301- ghyd lhy MSifahsf Hhf 181 MLf UjJ.
(b) 175-163 vlhtJ br MSifahsdha ehfh mnahf vg jfis
gytjgL nuf fyhrhuij gWgo brjh:
i. clg Wtdfis Wdh
ii. Mya a xgRfhf glij cUthdh.
(c) 168 - org 13 - ehfh mnahf vg vUrny gl gia glh.
Jnt jhna vlh mfhu brhygL ``ghHhF mUtU vW gyU
fUJwhf.
83
(d) 167 - nkho Mrhadhf Uj kjhah mt FkhufS fyf brjhf.
tf fbgw Fkhudha jh kfng go magLwh: Judas the
Hammer.
(e) 165 - org 25 -Mya kWgokhf uZil braglJ. J A}fh myJ
sFf goif vW miHfgLwJ. Kiwf
6. njfis Fj uidf, braKiwf, mDkhdf itfis FJ ma, ghf,
The Expositors Bible Commentary, vol. 4 pp. 10-17.
VII. ya myFf (d)
A. tlY bjY MSifbrj uh#hfis Fj tufis bfhLg xU bjthd

xGFKiwia ghf KowJ. bgUghY jh uh#hfis Fj tuf KGikahf
bfhLfgLsd (lhl SWBTS tF FfUJ vLfglJ):
1. uh#hf MSif nj mnj 7. mtDila jh bga
fhy bjnyh myJ
tlnyh MSifbrj uh#h
njl xL fhlgLsJ.
2. uh#h bga 8. mtDila MSifia Fj y tuf
3. mtDila jfg bga 9. mtDila thifFj RUf thrf
4. maiz VWnghJ taJ 10. mtDila kuz kW mlf Fj tu
5. mtDila MSif fhy 11. bgUghY unt uh#hfis
bghUjtiu vf 4, 7 lgLsd
6. mt tj l
B. j skhd tuyhW Fig RUfkhf vLJ brhy gy tKiwf csd:

1. Ka fjhghuf _ykhf:
a. jhJ/rhbyhnkh
b. bubfhbgah/Kjyh babuhbgah
c. Mfh (narng)/vah
d. vah/vrh
e. vnrah/Vrhah
f. nahah/ghnth nenfh
g. nahah/nahah/nefhnerh
2. <LgLs njrf _ykhf:
a. Ia uh{a
b. unt/jh
c. ah
d. mah
e. ghnyh
C. thd tufSF ghf:

1. E.J. Young, An Introduction to the Old Testament, pp.190-200
2. R.K. Harrison, Introduction to the Old Testament, pp.720-721
3. NIV Study Bible, pp. 468-469
VIII. Ka raf
A. J nkfa tuyhW my, uhjd ka HF iwa tuyhwhF:

1. nanfhthF gyhf babuhbgah Wa bghfWFoia tza fhuzkhf
tlfa uh#hf vnyhU Fwrhlglhf.
2. uL tYthd tlfa jiytfsha cia FJ ulh babuhbgahik FJ
RUfkhf FlgLsJ. mtfSila bgha kW uhQt rhjidfis FJ
84
Flgliy.
3. bjfa uh#hf vnrah kW nahahit FJ thf TwgLsJ. nkhnr
clgoifJ tf gWWl Ujjfhf, MFa kWkyfhf Ka
brj fhuzkhf fHgLwhf.
4. mfkhd tuf bfhLfgoUF kbwhU uh#h vnrah Fkhudha kdhnr
vgtdhth. mt jdJ jfgDF KY ntWgltdhf UJ, njrij mfkhd
ghtJF telagodh FlgLwh.
B. rhKnt jf fUbghU j jfY vLJ brygLwJ. J mj fhyfl
jgl tuyhwhF. MrhaJF gyhf fjf vG vLJfhlgLwJ.
vGitfhj fjfsha vah kW vrhit Fj tuf uh#hf f uoY
_byhU gFia vLJbfhLsd!
C. njtDila kf vgo nkhnr clgoifiaL gogoahf y brwhf vgij j
f fhLwd. rkhah (. K. 722) vUrny nk (. K. 586) W Kothf
UwJ. nanfhth gyd jF fhuz my, kf kW mtfSila jiytf
ghtnk jF fhuzkhF. clgoifF cikyhUjny Ka uidahF. nanfhth
cikstuhf Ujh. rhbyhnkh, jh, unt mgoUfiy!
A. 1 uh#hf:
1. brhf kW brhbwhlf:
a. ``fjUila tidbfhL 1:30
b. v nfhntW fGijnk V, 1:33
c. gl bfhfis oJbfhlh, 1:50; 2:28
d. ah kW nghth, 7:21
e. j iffis J, 8:22
f. v RLu v jfgdhUila LigghY gUkdhUF 12:10
g. bghfWFof, 12:28
h. glJF vnu FJ Modhf... jfis bfhlhf 18:26,28
i. m g brYJ neu, 18:36
j. mkj bka rj 19:12
2. Ka egf:
a. mh, 1:3
b. nk, 2:8
c. <uh, 5:1, 7:13
d. nrgh uh#, 10:10
e. mjnuh, 11:5
f. nkhnshF, 11:7
g. h, 11:40
h. c, 16:16
i. ehngh, 21:1
j. fhah, 22:24
B. 2 uh#hf:
1. brhfS brhbwhlfS:
a. m ujK m FiufS, 2:11; 6:17
b. mt fjUila ghitF bghyhghdij brjh, 3:2
c. c ilia fobfhL 4:29
d. whfSF nghLw fhgo gaW, 6:25
e. nkhnr gUj btfy rg, (nehshtan) 18:4
f. mt xU Fsij rhyfij cUthddhny 20:20
85
g. thd nridf 21:3
h. ahaukhz jf, 22:8
i. njhng, 23:10
j. btfy flbjho, 25:13
2. Ka egf:
a. nfah, 4:11
b. ehfkh, 5:1
c. mjhah, 11:1, 3
d. , 15:19
e. rdbf, 18:13
f. kdhnr, 21:1
g. cjh, 22:14
h. nenfh, 23:29
i. nahah, 24:8
j. bruhah, 25:18
k. bfjah, 25:22
A. 1 uh#hf:
1. nuhnf, 1:9 (vUrny)
2. nfh, 1:33 (vUrny)
3. Mdnjh, 2:26
4. v e, 8:65
5. bknjh, 9:15
6. Vnahnfgh, 9:26
7. nf, 12:1
8. bg}nt, 12:25
9. jnuh MW, 15:13
10. dnuh, 15:20
11. rkhah, 16:24
12. fnk kiy, 18:20
13. nrh MW, 18:40
14. bauna, 18:45
B. 2 uh#hf:
1. vnuh, 1:2
2. Mdh, ghgh ef, 5:12
3. njhjh, 6:13
4. nryh, 14:7
5. Vyh, 14:22
6. yh, 18:14
7. ndh u gsjhF, 23:10
8. bknjh, 23:30
9. yh, 25:6
XI. khztfSfhd nff
A. 1 uh#hf:
1. jh FLg mfkhd fyffSfhd fhuzfis goaLf.
2. rhbyhnkh V mfkhd kidfis bfhoUjh? mtDila Kta mtf mtid
vgo ghjhf?
86
3. Myaij FJ Fl V mfkhd lK tufS bfhLfgLsd?
4. Ia uh{a V sglJ?
5. ghfh/mbruh tzfij FJ sFf.
6. 22:18-23 trdf iwa jhf vd?
B. 2 rhKnt:
1. 5:15-18 trdf jhfij sFf.
2. 19:19 trd jhfij sFf.
3. vnrah gyfis, kdhnr ghtfis goaLf.
4. `èh fj Myany ahaukhz jfij fLonj vgJ vij
FLwJ?
5. nanfhth clgoif gjidF cgljh myJ iyah?
87
sgl uh{a uh#hf
jh uh#hf (1 ehsh. 3:1-16; k. 1:6-11 unt uh#hf

bgafS iu v Ahr ntjhfk gF bgafS iu v Ahr ntjhfk gF
njfS njfS
bubfhbgah 922-915 933-917 931/30-913 1 uh. 11:43-12:27; 14:21- Kjyh 922-901 933-912 931/30- 1 uh. 11:26-40; 12:12-14:20
31; 2 ehsh. 9:31-12:16 babuhbgah 910/09
mah 915-914 916-914 913-911/10 1 uh. 14:31-15:8
2 ehsh. 11:20,22
Mrh 913-873 913-873 911/10- 1 uh. 15:8-30; 16:8,10, ehjh 901-900 912-911 910/09- 1 uh. 14:20; 15:25-31
870/69 23,29; 22:41,43,46 909/08
vnu. 41:9 ghh 900-877 911-888 909/08- 1 uh. 15:16-16:7; 2 uh. 9:9
886/85 2 ehsh. 16:1-6
vnu. 41:9
nahrgh 873-849 873-849 870/69-848 1 uh. 15:24; 22:1-51 Vyh 877-876 888-887 886/85- 1 uh. 16:8-14
2 uh. 3:1-12; 8:16-19 885/84
1 ehsh. 3:10
2 ehsh. 17:1-21:1
nahuh (iz -------- --------- 853-848 1 uh. 22:50 (nrid 876 887 885/884 1 uh. 16:9-20
MSif) 2 uh.. 1:17; 8:16; 12:18 jsg) 2 uh. 9:31
c (nrid 876-869 887-877 885/84- 1 uh. 16:15-28

jsg) 874/73 2 uh. 8:26 fh 6:16
nahuh 849-842 849-842 848-841 2 ehsh. 21:1-22:11 Mfh 869-850 876-854 874/73-853 1 uh. 16:29-22:40
knj 1:8
mfah 842 842 --------- 2 uh. 8:24-9:29; 2 ehsh. mfah 850-849 854-853 853-852 1 uh. 22:40,41,49,51-53
22:1-9 2 ehsh. 18:1-3,19
mjhah 842-837 842-836 841-835 2 uh. 8:26; 11:1-20 nahuh 849-842 853-842 852-841 2 uh. 1:17; 3:1-27; 8:16-
(uh) 2 ehsh. 22:2-23:21 9:29
nahth 837-800 836-797 835-796 2 uh. 11:2-3; 12:1-21 baT (nrid 842-815 842-815 841-814/13 1 uh. 19:16-17
2 ehsh. 22:11-12; 24:1-27 jsg) 2 uh. 9:1-10:36; 15:12
2 ehsh. 22:7-9
xah 1:4
jh uh#hf (1 ehsh. 3:1-16; k. 1:6-11 (bjhl) unt uh#hf (bjhl)
njfS njfS
mkah 800-783 797-779 796-767 2 uh. 12:21; 14:1-22
2 ehsh. 25:1-28
cah (iz -------- -------- 791/90-767 2 uh. 14:21; 15:1-7 nahthfh 815-801 814-798 814/13-798 2 uh. 10:35; 13:1-9
MSif)
cah (mrah) 783-742 779-740 767-740/39 2 ehsh. 26:1-23 nahth 801-786 798-783 798- 2 uh. 13:9-13,25
Xah 1:1; Mnkh 1:1 782/81 2 ehsh. 25:17-25
rfah 14:5 Xah 1:1; Mnkhh 1:1
nahjh (iz 750-742 --------- 750-740/39 2 uh.15:7,32-38 (vnu. 11 Jiz -------- -------- 793/92- 2 uh. 13:13; 14:16,23-29
MSif) MSif) Xah 1:1
782/81
nahjh 742-735 740-736 740/39- 1 ehsh. 5:17 ulh 786-746 783-743 782/81-753 Mnkh 1:1; 7:9-11
732/31 2 ehsh. 26:23-27:9 babuhbgah
Vrhah 1:1; 7:1
Xah 1:1; fh 1:1
Mfh (iz -------- --------- 744/43- 2 uh. 15:30-16:20 rfah 746-745 743 752 2 uh.15:8-12
MSif) 732/31 2 ehsh. 27:9-28:27
Mfh 735-715 736-728 732/31-716/15 Vrhah 1:1; 7:1Kj; 14:28; r 745 743 753-752 2 uh. 15:10,13-15
38:8; Xah 1:1; fh 1:1
vnrah(iz -------- --------- 729-716/15 2 uh. 16:20; 18:1-20,21 bkdhnf 745-738 743-737 752-742/41 2 uh. 15:14,16-22
MSif)
2 ehsh. 28:27-32:33
. 25:1
vnrah 715-687 727-699 716/15- Vrhah 1:1; 36:1-39:8 bgfhah 738-737 737-736 742/41- 2 uh. 15:23-26
687/86 Xah 1:1; fh 1:1 740/39
k. 1:9-10
kdhnr (iz -------- --------- 696/95- 2 uh. 20:21-21:18; bgfh 737-732 736-730 740/39- 2 uh. 15:27-31; 16:5
MSif) 687/86 732/31
23:12,26; 24:2 2 ehsh. 28:6; Vrhah 7:1
kdhnr 687/86-642 698-643 687/86- 2 ehsh. 32:33-33:20 Xbrah 732-724 730-722 732/31- 2 uh. 17:1-18
642/41 vnu. 15:4Kj; 2 uh. 723/22
21:18-26
Mnkh 642-640 643-641 642/41- 2 ehsh. 33:20-25 rkhah . K. 724 . K. 722 . K. 722
640/39 vnu. 1:2; br. 1:1 mah
1 uh. 13:2-3 GJnghFj
jh uh#hf (1 ehsh. 3:1-16; k. 1:6-11 (bjhl) unt uh#hf (bjhl)
njfS njfS
nahah 610-609 640-609 640/39-609 2 uh. 21:24; 22:1-23:30
2 ehsh. 33:25-35:27
vnu. 1:2; br. 1:1
k. 1:10-11
nahthfh 609 (3 609 609 2 uh. 23:30-34
khjf) 2 ehsh. 36:1-4
nahah 609-598 609-598 609-597 2 uh. 23:34-24:6,19
2 ehsh. 36:4-8
vnu. 1:3; 22:18-23;
25:1 Kj; 26:1Kj;
27:1Kj; 35:1 Kj;
36:1 Kj; jh. 1:1-2
nahah 598/97 (3 598 597 2 uh. 24:6,8-17;
khjf) 25:27-30
2 ehsh. 36:8-9
vnu. 52:31; vnr. 1:2
njah 597-586 598-587 597-587 2 uh. 24:17-25:7
2 ehsh. 36:10-11
vnu. 1:3; 21:1-7; 24:8-10;
27:1Kj; 32:4-5; 34:1-
22;37:1-39:7; 52:1-11
vUrny . K. 586 . K. 587 . K. 587 yg
ghnyh
if
GJnghFj
1, 2 ehshfk - mKf
I. jf bga
A. vbua ntjhfk j bga `èhf (MLf) thijf (ff) vgjhF.

J MLf ehtiria FFgo gagLjgLsJ. 1 uh#hf vGjgljF
Mjhukhf Uj gy f bgaY nj brh fhzgLwJ, 14:19,29; 15:7,23,31; 16:5,14,20,27;
22:46. 1, 2 uh#f f j brh KgJ KiwF nkyhf tUwJ, J `èhshfk vW
bkhbgafgLsJ.
B. brLtho J ``jh uh#hfis Fj fhaf vW jiylgoUwJ. nahth

RnrJF, bghJthd RnrfSF ilyhd bjhlig nghy ehshfk jf rhKnt
kW uh#hf fnshL bjhlbfhoUwJ.
C. jdJ y bkhbgagha tnfo b#nuh ``KG gRj tuyh ehshfk vW

jiyoUwh. Vbdwh j trht MjhUJ JtFwJ. j Jiz fsha
vwh/benfah f iwUF tj fhyflij Fwd.
D. rhKnt kW uh#hf fisnghy 1, 2 ehshfk fS Kj xnu yhf Ujd.

brLtho it fgld.
A. j f VWbfhsgl vbua ntjhfk _whtJ tha ``vGjglit vw it

nrj W fshF. mjhtJ J vbua ntjhfk W yhF.
B. vbua VWbfhsgl f jFa l itfis RofhLwJ:

1. J fhy bjhFfglJ
2. j RUfkhf brhY a
3. J xU nrifahf ghfglJ
4. J fhy VWbfhsgl yhF.
C. brLtho J uh#hfSF mLJ, vwhF Kdh itfglJ. ehshfkJF Kdh
vwh/benfah itfglJ aigawJ. J Mftkhd FnghL KotiltJ fhuzkhf
Ufyh.
III. vtifglJ
A. J mogil tuyhW ciueilahf UwJ. Mdh nrj iwa cz J

bjbjLfgoUwJ.
1. murit gntLf
2. fjf
B. tfSila MSif bgUghyhd vkiw mrf fgoUwd:
1. jhJ
2. rhbyhnkh
3. ``gagahd jh uh#hf:
a. Mrh
b. nahrgh
c. cah
d. vnrah
e. nahah
88
IV. vGat
A. j Ma ah vgij FJ ntjhfk vJ brhygoUfiy.
B. ghgh guh 15 m gF vwh ehshfk trht gFia jdfhf vGdh vW brhYwJ.

J uL tifgl mjij bfhLwJ :
1. vwh ehshfkij vGdh.
2. vwh ehshfk vGjgoUj tuyhiw jdJ brhj eh tiu vGKojh.
C. vbua bkh vwh 1:1-4 kW 2 ehshfk 36:22-23 trdf xWnghy Uwd. v, Ahr
UtU ehshfk Kj vGjglJ vW brhYwhf. ghnyha vGjhsf uL
fis xU iz brh_y izgJ tHf. nf mnj Kiw ifahsgoUwJ.
uf vGJf j fhzgliy. vwh j kf tuyhiw bjhlJ brhY
jdJ YF xU tuyhW KDiuahf ehshfk iy gagLdh vW bjwJ.
D. ehshfk kW vwh/benfah fis vGatf xnu iwa Mtij, ghitia
bfhoUjhf:
1. Mya kW MrhaJtJ ghit xUKfgLjgoUwJ (Fghf, nyaf
goa).
2. gntLfS, trhtfS mfkhf gagLjgLsd.
3. brhgaghL, ya eil xWnghy Uwd.
4. itf ntWik fhzgLwJ:
a. bgaf vGJf ntWgl tif bfhLfgLsd
b. ehshfk jh mur trJ ghitia xUKfgLJ ntis, vwh/benfah
nkhnr clgoifJ ghitia xUKfgLJwJ.
E. vwh . K. 428F 397F ilgl fhy ij vGUfyh vW a Miu
brhYwh. vwh 7-10 mfhuf brhygoUF rka kWky Kjyh mjrZlh
fhy, . K. 458-457 eljJ.
F. ehshfk jf gy Mjhufis gagLUwJ:
1. Vbfdnt vGjgl ntjtrd:
a. ehshfk rhKnt kW uh#hf gh gFia gagLJwJ myJ mnj
Mjhufis gagLJwJ.
b. 1 ehshfk Fghf j giHa VghL gFf FlgLsd:
(1) M. 35:22 -- 5:1
(2) M. 38:7 -- 2:3
(3) M. 38:30 -- 2:4,6
(4) M. 46:10 -- 4:24
(5) M. 46:11 -- 6:16
(6) M. 46:13 -- 7:1
(7) M. 46:21 -- 7:6,12
(8) M. 46:24 -- 7:13
(9) % 4:18-21 -- 2:11-13
(10) 1 rhK. 27:10 -- 2:9, 25-26
(11) 1 rhK. 31:1-6 -- 10:1-12
c. ehshfk jfJFa NIV Study Bible KDiu itfis Mjhukhf bfhoU
wJ:
(1) Ijhfkf
(2) ahahgf
(3) %
(4) 1 rhKnt
(5) uh#hf
89
(6) rjf
(7) Vrhah
(8) vnuah
(9) yg
(10) rfah
2. sgl uh{aUJ vGjgl tuyhW Mtzf.
a. mfhutkhd murit Mtzfshf Ufyh:
(1) jhJ uh#h ehshfk fzF, 1 ehsh. 27:24
(2) jhit untiy nrj uh#hf jf, 2 ehsh. 16:11; 25:26; 28:26; 32:32
(3) unt jh uh#hf jf, 2 ehsh. 27:7; 35:27; 36:8
(4) unt uh#hf jf, 1 ehsh. 9:1; 2 ehsh. 20:34
(5) uh#hf jfkhd ru, 2 ehsh. 24:27; 33:18
b. fjf:
(1) jhJ uh#h elgof, 1 ehsh. 29:29:
(a) PhdUZofhudha rhKnt ugj
(b) fjaha ehjh ugj
(c) PhdUZofhudha fh ugj
(2) rhbyhnkhDila elgof, 2 ehsh. 9:29:
(a) fjaha ehjh jf
(b) nyhadha mah vGd fjrd
(3) negh Fkhudha babuhbgahikFJ PhdUZofhudha njh vGd
jrdf, 2 ehsh. 9:29
(4) bubfhbgah elgof, 2 ehsh. 12:15:
(a) fjaha brkhah gf
(b) PhdUZofhudha njh
(5) mah elgof, 2 ehsh. 13:22 fjaha njh ru
(6) baT elgof, 2 ehsh. 20: 34 Mdh Fkhudha baT trdf
(7) kdhnr elgof, 2 ehsh. 33:19 Xrh ugj
c. nfhuf trht gntLf:
(1) nah, 1 ehsh. 4:33
(2) fh, 1 ehsh. 5:17
(3) bga, 7:9
(4) Mnr, 7:40
(5) unt vnyhU, 9:1
(6) nyauha thr fhtyhs, 9:22 (xbthU nya dU gntLfis
bfhoUjhf vW bjwJ. 1 ehsh. 23:1Kj; 28:13; 2 ehsh. 35:4).
d. ma Mjhuf:
(1) rdbf fojf, 2 ehsh. 32:17-70
(2) nfhnuR ufld, 2 ehsh. 36:22-23
G. vwh/benfahitnghy ehshfk jfY gy kf tr mltizf bfhLfgLsJ.

y ehF Kj MW jiyKiwfis flJbrYwd. uL tf itfnshL ilglyh:
1. it Ua Maf nriffshF;
2. it rkfhya FLgfshF, jiyKiwf my.
V. fhy
A. ehshfk jf uL gFf j jf iwUF d vGjglJ vgij
90
RofhLwJ:
1. 1 ehshfk 3:19-21. brUghng rjd goa bfhLfgLsJ:
a. y MwhtJ jiyKiw tiu vW brhYwhf.
b. y uL jiyKiw kLnk vW brhYwhf. ij bjhlJ brUghng
uL rjduha bgah, Vrhah rkfhya ehF jhJttj FLgf
goalgoUwhf (v, Ahr)
c. brLtho brUghng jiyKiwd gbdhwhtJ jiyKiw tiu FlgoU
whf; J fhya Ma nrifia cWgLJwJ.
2. 1 ehshfk 3:22-24 - J 21M trd FlgLs brfah rjduht:
a. j goa ehfh jiyKiw tiu bfhLfgoUwJ vW y brhYwhf (NIV
Study Bible)
b. J cikahf UFkhdh 3:19-21 trdf FlgoUF brUghng
trhtUJ vGat (Ma) fhy thfgoUwJ.
3. 2 ehsh. 36:22-23:
a. ulh nfhnuR ufld FlgLsJ. J jf cgl jh btbfhl
vyhkfS jf ehLfSF Ug mt mDk bfhLjij FLwJ.
b. ulh nfhnuR . K. 538 jdJ ufldij brjh. cldoahf nZghrh vw
j stur jiyik y Udhf. mt Myaij fl Jtdh, Mdh
Kofiy. wF, Kjyh j vw bga uh#h fhy, jh ttj brUghng
kW ujhd Mrha rj tj nahRth Hhf gy Utjd. Mfh kW
rfah fjf CF_y tf . K. 516 Myaij foKojhf.
B. jf tr mltizfUJ j jfij bjhFjt fhy . K. 500-423 vW

bjwJ. Vbdwh Jnt giHa Vgho W tuyhW g vW bjwJ. ulh j
. K. 428 murdhf KoNlglh. t benfah 12:22 trd FlgLwh. nkY
jfhyfl giHa Vgho VWbfhsgl f goa W braglJ vW
ghuga brf TWwd.
C. 1 ehshfk 1, 2rhKnt jffYs mnj fhyfl FlgLwJ. vwhY j tr

mltizf Mjh tiu brYwd. 2 ehshfk 1, 2 uh#hf fhyflij
FlhY, mij flJ brYwJ. ljl ulh nfhnuR fhy tiu
FlgLsJ.
A. rhKnt kW uh#hf jff tuyhW brhygoUgjF ehshfk jff

brhygoUgjF il y bkahd ntWghLf fhzgLwd:
1. ehshfk jfYs viff mfkhf Uwd (v, g. 394-400)
a. J bghJthf cikahf UwJ, xL ghf, 1 ehsh. 21:5 kW 2 rhK. 24:9
b. bgUghY ehshfk a viff fhzgLwd, xL ghf, 1
uh. 4:26 kW 2 ehsh. 9:29
c. brLth bkhbgaY bgUghyhd vif uidf fhzgLwd;
mjhtJ it . K. 250F KaitahF.
d. . M. a jdJ The Mysterious Numbers of the Hebrew Kings, 1954, 1965, j
ntWghLfSF go sfbfhLwh:
(1) MSiffSF uL jkhd fhy f Kiwf gwgLsd:
(a) maiz Va ML;
(b) maiz Vwhj ML.
(2) cl myJ Jiz MSiff
2. ehshfk jff jh t tj j uh#hf Mftkhd mrfis ca
fhLwd.
3. jhJ kW rhbyhnkhidFj bgUghyhd vkiw mrf ehshfk f
91
Flgliy. vwhY a RofhLwgo (g. 395-398) j f mtfSila jgl
thif vkiwahd mrfis kL, Mftkhd mrfis brhyhk
oUwd.
4. ehshfkf tlF uh{aij FJ KYkhf brhygliy. jfhd rahd
fhuz bjaiy. jh kW bgnj bghfWFof WtgoUjgoah tlF
uh{a KGtJ FwF MshaJ vW gy mDkhwhf. bjF uh{a kLnk
jh (nkah) ttj xnu bkahd uh{a vW fUJwhf.
B. ehshfk jff tuyh egfjikF it Mjuthf Uwd:
1. tr mltizfSF izahdit j f fhzgLwd:
a. rhKnt
b. rhfl RUf
c. brLth
2. ehshfk tr mltizF izahd gFf MT MahfkY, vzhfkY,
rkha IjhfkY fhzgLwgoah, itf tuyhW egfjik
cWgLjgLwJ.
VII. ya myFf (d)
A. RUf:
1. Mjh Kj r tiuyhd tr mltiz, 1 ehsh. 1:1-9:44
2. jh MSif, 1 ehsh. 10:1-29:30
3. rhbyhnkh MSif, 2 ehsh. 1:1-9:31
4. iwU tiuyhd kw j uh#hf, nfhnuR, 2 ehsh. 10:1-36:23
B. thd tufSF ghf:
1. E.J. Young, An Introduction to the Old Testament, pp.401-402
2. R.K. Harrison, Introduction to the Old Testament, pp.1152-1153
3. NIV Study Bible, pp. 581-582
VIII. Ka raf
A. J jh uh{a bjbjLfgl iwa tuyhwhF; 1, 2rhKnt kW 1, 2uh#hf

izahf cs gFf gL bfhLfgLsd.
B. J iwUF tj rKjhadUfhf vGjglJ; clgoif njtnd nghJ jf
njtdhf Uwh vgij mtf ma ntoUjJ. njt clgoifia JgjF
Myank (uh#hf yhjgoah) ikaghitahf UjJ. nghJ clgoif njt nkhnrF
bfhLj tKiwfSF goa ntL vw gjidia bfhoUjJ.
C. J mogil 2 rhKnt 7M mfhu fhzgLwgo njt jhJF mt FkhuUF
bfhLj thFjjfJ ghitia xUKfgLJwJ:
1. Fghf jh FkhufnshL W kdhnr uh#hlD ilgLwJ.
2. jhJ, rhbyhnkh, jh gagahd uh#hf MSif Mftkhd mrfis
vLJ TWwJ.
3. ulh nfhnuR Mizgo vbuaf vUrnyKF UtUtij gbrwJ, 36:22,
23
4. jh t tunghF tUfhy uh#hit (nkah) tWJwJ. jhJ, rhbyhnkh, jh
gagahd uh#hf ``gagahd MSiff_y J vLJfhlgLwJ. nkahit
Fj j eif rfah, kah fY btgLjgoUwJ.
92
D. njtDila kf vnyhU xizfgLthf vgJ tWjgLwJ. `ùnty vyhU
vw TL brh gagLjgoUwJ., (ghf, 1 ehsh. 9:1; 11:1-3,4; 12:38; 16:3; 18:14; 21:1-5; 28:1-8;
29:21,23,25; 2 ehsh. 1:2; 2:8; 9:30; 10:1,16; 12:1; 18:16; 28:23; 29:24; 30:1,6,25-26; 34:7,9,33).
E. tr mltizf gagLjgLsd:
1. vwh kW benfah it gagLjgLsd. bghUjgzgl unt
cik giHa untny vgJ fhlgLwJ.
2. Mjh tiu vbuaf tuyhW RUfkhf brhygLsJ.
1, 2 ehshfk f mogil 1, 2 rhKnt kW 1, 2 uh#hfYs mnj ffns vLJ

brhygoUwgoah, jahf tiugl FfS, nffS bfhLfgliy!
93
vwh - mKf
I. jf bga
A. VWbfhsgl vbua ntjhfk (MT) vwh benfah xU jfkhf Uwd. ghgh

guh 15m J vwh vW miHfgLwJ.
1. J mrhjhuzkhdjhf UwJ; Vbdwh uoY xU tr mltiz fhzgLwJ:
vwh 2:1 Kj; benfah 7:6-20.
2. j mltiz a khw fhzglhY, bghJthf xwhfnt Uwd. jdh M
uL jff Ujd vW bjwJ.
3. vwh 7-10 mfhufY, benfahY `èh vW JtF gFf Uwd; it
btntW egfis Fwd.
B. vwh Ca (vwh 7-10) benfah 8-10 mfhufY bjhlUwgoah it xwhf

nrfgoUfyh.
C. uhjd bkhbgaf j uL f bgaf ntWgLwd:
brLth tnf ~ kW ed My
ftnl My
vuh B (nglh) vuh 1 1 vwh vwh
vuh C (fhkh) vuh 2 2 vwh benfah
vuh A (M~gh) vuh 3 -------- vuh 1 (jSgo
Mfk)
-------------- vuh 4 ---------- vuh 2 (jSgo
Mfk)
D. MT . . 1448 gnyna j vbua gFf uL KjKjyhf ulhf fgld.
A. vwh jf vbua bkh VWbfhsgl ntjhfk _whtJ tha ``vGjglit

vw it nrjjhF.
B. J MT ehshfkJF Kghf itfgoUwJ. J mrhjhuzkhd xGfhf UwJ.

ehtir ghjh ehshfk, wF vwh/benfah vgnj rahd tirahf Uf ntL.
JFJ gy bfhiff Uwd (ghf, benfah, II. B)
III. vtifglJ
A. J mogil tuyhW ciueilahf UwJ.
B. kw MtzfUJ gy nknfhf vLJ brhygLsd:

1. ghuf
2. j Mtzf
IV. vGat
A. ghgh guh 15 m gF vwh jdJ jfij vGdh vW brhYwJ; jfhf mt benfah

iy vGdh vW brhy KoahJ. bfkhuh nghw w j Mjhuf benfah ij (vwh-
benfah) vGKojh vW brhYwd. benfah Ko kLnk MT W Ff
fhzgLwd.
94
B. n#hrg jdJ Contra Apion, 1:8, vwhnt ij vGdh vW brhUwh. a
jdJ Ecclesiastical History IV:26, rij bknlh vGaij FLwh. tU vwhnt
vGdh vW brhUwh.
C. ntjghufdha vwh thifia g TW vwh gF (mfhuf 7-10) jik
brhyhf csd, 7:27-28; 8:1-34; 9:1Kj. vwh rhnjh trht tj Mrhadhf, Kjyh
mjrZlh (. K. 465-424) murit vGjuhf Ujh.
D. vwh/benfah fSF ehshfkJF il gy xWikf fhzgLwd:
1. vbua bkh 2 ehsh. 36:22-23 Ko ljl vwh 1:1-4 trdfisnghy Uwd.
2. it uL xnu iwa ghitia bfhoUwd.
a. Mya kW MrhaJtJ ghit xUKfgLjgoUwJ (Fghf, nyaf
goa).
b. tu gntLfS, tr mltizfS mfkhf gagLjgoUwd.
3. brhgaghL, ya eil xWnghy Uwd.
4. it uLnk fhya vbua bkhia gagLJwd.
5. itf ntWik fhzgLwJ:
a. mur trd bgaf vGJf ntWgl tif bfhLfgLsd
b. ehshfk jh mur trJ ghitia xUKfgLJ ntis, vwh/benfah
nkhnr clgoifJ ghitia xUKfgLJwJ.
E. mbyrah jt mPuha M# (. . 185-253) KjKjyhf j fis vwh,
benfah vW uL fshf jh. jdJ y tnfo b#nuh ij brjh.
F. itfis j Kj vbua ifu . . 1448M Mil nrjJ. j ntis jf
jfSila vbua brhf 22F Vg giHa Vgho 22 fis kL bfhoUf ntL
vW MirglJ KoF tjJ vW bjwJ.
G. Ma/bjhFjt gy Mjhufis gagLUwh:

1. ghuf Mtzf
2. j gntLf:
a. nahnfhth MyaUJ ghnyhDF bfhLbrygl gKLf goa,
1:9-11; 7:19-20
b. iwUUJ Utjtf goa, 2:1-70; 8:1-20
c. vwh tr mltiz, 7:1-5
d. fy Ukzf gbfLjtf goa, 10:18-43
V. fhy
A. vwh rhnjh t tj (7:2) Mrhadhf Ujh; Kjyh mjrZlh MSif (. K.

465-424) xU vGjuhf Ujh:
1. Kjyh mjrZlh MSifnghJ, . K. 458 _whtJ Kiwahf Utj jfnshL
vUrnyKF tjh.
2. benfah ghuf MSeuhf Uj Kjyh mjrZlh MSif gulh Mo, . K.
445 vUrnyKF tjh.
B. vwh/benfah tr mltizfUJ Ma/bjhFghs . K. 5M who Wia

nrjt vgJ bjwJ:
1. 1 ehshfk 3:15-24 trdf goalgoUgtf brUghngYF wF Mwh jiyKiwd
my ehfh jiyKiwd vw mDkhd j Ko vLfgoUwJ;
2. benfah 12:10-11 trdf FlgL aJthit FJ go mDkhfgoUwJ:
95
a. t kfh mbyrhl fhy (. K. 336- 323) Ujjhf nahr FL aJth my
vgJ mDkhfgLwJ.
b. _yu vGjgl wF, tufis To nrgjfhf j tr mltiz xU
Mauh nrfglJ vW mDkhfgLwJ;
c. myJ t benfah ehf taJ Fiwjtdhf UJ, mbyrhl fhy
mf taJ Kjtdhf UUfyh vW mDkhfgLwJ.
C. mgoahdh J j tuyhWf vGjgl fhykhf Ufyh:
1. . K. 440 vwh
2. . K. 430 benfah
3. . K. 400 ehshfk
A. vwhYs Mtzf bga fhyflij nrj mfhutkhd Mtzf xGif

eilia bfhoUwd.
1. nfhnuR Miz (vbua bkhbga), 1:2-4. (vUrnyKF Utij, Myaij
FjJ)
2. Kjyh mjrZlhF buT vGa kD, 4:7-16. (vUrny mufis FjJ)
3. Kjyh mjrZlh g, 4:17-22
4. jdh Kjyh jF rlahf vGa foj, 5:6-17
5. Kjyh j g (Myaij FjJ):
a. nfhnuR Miz nknfhshf FlgLwJ, 6:2-5
b. jdhF j vGa jgl g, 6:6-12,13
6. vwhF Kjyh mjrZlh Miz, 7:12-26.
B. rgyhij FJ Fl_y . K. 408I nrj vgil gigu VL vwh/
benfah tuyhiw cWgLUwJ, benf. 2:10,19; 4:1. murfhafSF gagLjgl
munka bkh vgoUjJ vgij J fhLwJ.
C. Rnfh gy bt nfhigf fLofgLsd. mitf ``FD Fkhudha nfn
vW FlgoUwJ. J vwh/benfah FLsgo muadha nfn nfuhiu
MSifbrjh vgij cWgLJwJ (ghf, benf. 2:19; 6:1,6).
VII. ya myFf (d)
A. Jtf vUrnyKF UtUj, 1:1-2:70

1. nfhnuR MSifnghJ (. K. 550-530) brghrh njrhgahf afglh, 5:14.
mt jh xU mgahf Ujh, 1:8, mnefkhf t nahah Fkhudhf Ufyh.
t Mya bghfnshL vUrnyKF Udh, 1:1-11. t MyaJF mghu
nghlhY mij foKof Koaiy, 5:13-17.
2. nfhnuR kW Kjyh j MSifnghJ (4:5, . K. 522-486) jh ttj brUghng
njrhgahf afglh. t fil ujhd Mrha ttj nahRthl (myJ
baRth Utjh, 2:1-70.
B. vUrny nkhnr tHfgo fjiu MuhF Kiwik brUghng kW nahRthth

kWgokhf JtfglJ, 3:1-6:22
1. Tlhu goif xGfhd gfS Jtfgld, 3:1-13
2. fLkhd gfis Kof Koahjgo mua uidf, 4:1-24:
a. Mya, 1-5, 24
b. vUrny muf, 6-23
3. kWgokhf fLtij fjf CFjhY, mfhutkhd bga xjYfhf
fhUf ntoUjJ, 5:1-17
96
4. nfhnuR Miz fLofglJ, Myaij kWgo fLtjfhd mfhutkhd mDk
tHfglJ, 6:1-22
C. ntjghufdha vwh jiyik _whtJ Kiw UtUj, 7:1-10:44
1. vwh tr mltiz, vUrnyKF Uj, 7:1-10
2. Kjyh mjrZlh vwhF vGa foj, 7:11-26, eTW b#g, 7:27-28
3. UtUj, 8:1-36
4. fy Ukzf uid, 9:1-10:44
VIII. Ka raf
A. 2 ehshfk Kotilj wF, iwUF tU tuyhiw vwh/benfah brhYwd.
B. itf_ykhf Utjtf d cWbragLwJ:

1. thd nfhu tr mltizf
2. thd nya tuf
3. RUF njrfnshL xLnghJ Utjtf rkaufhukhd jjik .
C. ahnfh rjdnuhL njt jkJ clgoifia kWgokhf cWgLUwh.
D xU a tghL xG tsia J fhLwJ. J cq b#gMyaij, ntjghuffis

ikakhf bfhoUwJ. jdh vUrny Mya Muhjid wffgliy.
A. brhf kW brhbwhlf
1. vnuah thdhny fj brhd thij iwntWgo, 1:1
2. gunyhf njt, 1:2
3. vtf Mia njt Vdhnuh mtf vyhU 1:5
4. fjUila MyaJ gKLfis, 1:7
5. C J, 2:63
6. eF wny, 4:16
7. KH, 6:3
8. nkhnr jf, 6:18
9. ntjghuf, 7:6
10. ja, 7:24
B. Ka egf
1. nfhnuR, 1:1
2. nujh, 1:8; 4:17
3. nrghrh 1:8,11; 5:14
4. brUghng, 2:2
5. baRth, 2:2
6. mfhntU, 4:6
7. mdhgh, 4:10

1. IuhJ e
2. vUrny
3. rkhah
4. mnkjh, 6:2
97
XI. khztfSfhd nff
1. nrghrhUF, brUghngYF ilyhd cw vd?
2. 3:6 trd 5:16 trdJF Kughlhdjhf Uwjh?
3. vwh 2M mfhuYs goa V benfah 7M mfhu kWgokhf tUwJ?
4. fjiu Ff iwUF wF tj f gagLjgoUF bga bga
vd?
5. 5:1 trd FlgL fjfsha Mfh, rfah kf vd brgo mtfis
CFjhf?
6. V nfhnuR Miz jfSF mf KaJt thjjhf UjJ?
7. ``fy Ukz vwh vd? it vwhF benfahF V Kakhditahf
Ujd?
98
benfah - mKf
I. jf bga
A. VWbfhsgl vbua ntjhfk (MT) vwh benfah xU jfkhf Uwd.

xizj vwh vW miHfglJ. MT WFf benfah Koj wnf
fhzgLwd.
B. brLthoY tnfoY j btntwhd bgaf miHfgoUwJ (ghf, vwh

YFa mKf I).
C. benfah vwh ``nanfhthF MWj iljJ vW mjkhF.
A. vwh- benfah vbua bkh VWbfhsgl ntjhfk _whtJ tha ``vGjglit

vw it nrjjhF.
B. J ehshfkJF Kdh tUtJ aigawJ. Vbdwh tuyhWtkhf, ehtir

ufhukhf Ys tuyhW ff ehshfk ffSF dh tUwd. y jF
go sf bfhLf KaUwhf:
1. ehshfk vgJ Mjh Kj nfhnuR tiuyhd RUfkhF.
2. vwh-benfah Kj mfhutkhf VWbfhsgoUwJ.
3. jf mfhutkhd f Mftkhd FnghL Kotila ntL vW Uagoah
ehshfk W itfglJ ( nfhnuR Miz Wahf tUwJ).
4. VWbfhsgl vbua ntjhfk ``vGjglit vw vgo bjhFfglJ vgJ
xUtUF bjahJ.
C. MT . . 1448 gnyna j vbua gFf uL KjKjyhf ulhf fgld.
D. cns ghFnghJ it M uL fshf Ujd vgJ bjwJ.

1. vwh 2M mfhuYs thd tr mltiz benfah 7:6-70 trdf kWgokhf
bfhLfgLsJ. bgaf vGJf ntWghL fhzgLwJ.
2. vwh 7:27-28; 8:1-34; 9:1Kjyhd trdfY, benfahY `èh vW FL gFf
Uwd.
E. it V xwhf nrfgld?
1. it xnu tuyhiw TWwd.
2. vbua bkhYs vGJf vif giHa VghL f Uf ntL vw
vz y f xwhf nrfgld vW brhygLwJ. jdh fl f
xwhf nrfgld:
a. ahahgf kW %
b. rhKnt
c. uh#hf
d. ehshfk
e. vwh - benfah
f. vnuah - yg
g. guL a fjf
3. vwh 7-10 mfhuf JtF vwh Ca benfah 8-10 mfhufY bjhlUwJ.
F. . . 1448 MT Kj fgl vbua g btahaJ.
G. Jtffhy ah VWbfhsgl Vj bgw fUJ ehshfk, vwh, benfah
99
f yfgoUwd. nkhRaahit nrj anlhU (mjfhQj mnaha
FG xU jiyt) go yUwh.
III. vtifglJ
A. ghf, vwh IV, D (vwh, benfah, ehshfkJilnas xWikf)
B. ghf, vwh IV, G (Mtzfis gagLJj
IV. vGat
A. ghgh guh 15 m gF vwh benfah xnu jf, vwhnt ij vGdh vW brhYwJ.
B. benfah j jfij (vwh/benfah) vGj cjdh vW bfkhuh brhYwJ.
V. fhy
A. 19 kW Jtf 20M whL mPf vwh-benfah, ehshfk jff . K. ehfh

whL fhyfl vGjgld vW edhf. jfhd fhuz:
1. ujhd Mrhadha nahRth rjia nrj xUt ulhtjhf Utjtf
brUghngYl tjh. t bga baRth. t benfah 12:10-11, 2 trdf Fl
goUwh.
2. kfh mbyrhl . K. 333-332 ghydij Muj ntis j baRth ujhd
Mrhadhf Ujh (. K. 351-331) vW nahrg FLsh (Antiquities, XI:302-7).
3. J 1 ehshfk 3:19-24 trdf goalgLs brUghng MW jiyKiwfnshL
izwJ.
4. vwh ulh mjrZlh MSifnghJ (. K. 404-358) benfah Kjyh mjrZlh
MSifnghJ (. K. 465- 424) Utjhf vW bgUghyhd mPf fUJwhf.
5. fhya Ma/bjhFghs Ujh vW benfah 12:26, 47 trdf fhLwd.
B. d 20M whL giHikthj zf j _W jffS itf fhuzkhf . K.

Ijh who vGjgoUfyh vW fUdhf:
1. benfah 12:10-11,22 trdf FlgoUF vJth:
a. t Flgl fhy f staddhf UJ, f l fhy thUfyh.
t benfah ujhd Mrha vW goalgliy;
b. Flgl vJththf uhk mnj bgaiubfhl ngudhf Ufyh (ghf, the
Expositors Bible Commentary, vol. 4 p. 596-586);
c. ghuf fhyflij nahrg jtwhf RUUfyh; Vbdwh ghuf uh#hf
bgaf . K. 5 kW 4M whLf kWgokhf FlgLsd:
(1) mjrZlh
(2) j
2. 1 ehshfk 3:19-24 trdfYs brUghng jiyKiw Jtiuna brYwJ:
a. uL jiyKiwf (v kW Ahr)
b. ehF jiyKiwf
3. . K. ehfh who ghyd jhf isj Ka ffis FJ
Flgliy.:
a. kfh mbyrhl jhFj (. K. 333-332)
b. _wh mjrZlhth eRfgl fyf (. K. 358-338).
100
4. vJth kfh mbyrhlU rk fhyjtfshf UjhY, j nyaf goa fhya
Ma xUtuh fhyJnfwgo khwgoUfyh (v). benfah 12:26, 27 trdf
``benfah ehf vW FlgoUgJ fhya Ma xUt UUfyh
vgij fhLwJ.
5. vwh benfah vUrny xwhf UgJnghy FlgLsJ. uL btntwhd
uh#hf MSif Ujjhf J Twgliy.
a. ahaukhzij thj, benf. 8:9;
b. vUnry muf uZil bragLj, benf. 12:26, 36.
A. vbgil gigu (. K. 408) vwh/benfah FlgL gyUila bgafis

goaoUwJ:
1. rgyh, rkhah njrhg, benf. 2:10,19; 4:1;
2. ujhd Mrhadha vah ngu nahfdh, benf. 12:10-11, 22, 23;
3. j kf bgaf Flgl_y vwh benfah Kjyh mjrZlh
MSifnghJ thJ braglhf vgJ cWgLjgLwJ (. K. 464-424).
B. rkha gigu VL rgyh Kj nAhnuh tiuyhd rkhah MSef bgafis,
. K. 332 j glz kfh mbyrhluh mfglJ g FLwJ. benfah 13:28
FlgL ffS, _wh rgyh fhy eljjhf n#hrg vGitUF
ffS xwy vgij J fhLwJ.
VII. ya myFf (d)
A. benfah vUrny mufis kWgokhf fodh (glzij ajhdh), 1:1-7:73:

1. neUF ne tKiwfis bfhLj, 1:1-2:20;
2. mu 52 ehf foKofglJ, 3:1-6:19;
3. benfah rnfhjudha mdh if glz bghW bfhLfglJ, 7:1-73.
B. vwh MFa kWky (7-10 mfhuf bjhl), 8:1-10:39:
1. vwh ahaukhzij thf, kf mjF brrhj, 8:1-9:4;
2. jfSfhf nanfhth brj iafis kWgokhf vLJ brhYj, 9:5-31;
3. nanfhthit MrJ, mtUila MyaJF Mjutgjhf kf MizLj (clgoif
JfgLwJ, 9:32-10:39.
C. benfah thf Ujf, 11-13:
1. benfah KjKjyhf vUrnyKF Uj, 11-12:
a. vUrny kf bjhifia cWgLJj, 11:1-36;
b. Mrhaf kW nyaf goa, 12:1-26, 44-47;
c. vUrny muf uZil, 12:27-43.
2. benfah ulhtJ Kiwahf vUrnyKF Uj, 13:1-31
a. clgoif Wjf, 13:1-5
b. Ujf, 13:6-31:
(1) Mya tshfUJ bjhah mfwgLj, 13:4-5, 8-9;
(2) Mya fhiff, 13:10-14;
(3) fy Ukzf, 13:1-3, 23-29;
(4) MyaJF njitahdit bfhLfgLj, 13:30-31.
101
VIII. Ka raf
A. vwh Jtfgl tuyhiw j jf bjhlJ brhYwJ. uL fS thFgzgl

njr clgoif rKjhad kWgokhf iyWjgLtij FJ TWwd.
B. vwh a rKjha MFa kW clgoif thifia FJ mfiw bfhoUj
ntis benfah itfis FJ mfiw bfhoUjh:
1. glzij R ghJfhghf UF mu;
2. glz thf mrf.
C. nkhnr clgoifF cikstfshf Ugij FJ vwh benfah frid
bfhoUjhf. ufhuhjidia ju njtDila kf w ghtf iwUUJ
Utj rKjhaY bjhlJ fhzgld.
IX. brhf kW/myJ brhbwhlf, Ka egf:
A. brhf kW brhbwhlf
1. ghdghufhu, 1:11
2. rh, 2:1
3. mtf fodhY vd, xU e Vnghdh mtfSila fk oJnghF, 4:3
4. vf Fkhufis moikjdF cgLjntoajhUwJ, 5:5
5. eh v tuij cjnghL, 5:13
6. nkfjg, 9:12
7. rKfjg, 10:32
8. a ngh#dg 10:32
9. Kjf, 10:35
10. gJng xUtid vUrnybkD gRj efuY xgJngiu kw glzfY
FoUfgz, Lfis nghlhf, 11:1
11. nkhnr jf, 13:1
B. Ka egf
1. Mdh, 1:2
2. mnkhadhd bjhah, 2:10,19
3. Xnuhadhd rgyh, 2:10,19
4. muadhd nfn, 2:19
5. Mrh, 11:17
6. vJ, 11:17
7. Kjyh mjrZlh, 13:6

1. Nrh, 1:1
2. mnjha, 4:7
3. Xndh gsjh Uw uhkf, 6:2
XI. khztfSfhd nff

1. benfah V Jfglh?
2. mt jdJ Jfij vgo fhodh?
3. vwh bga nridfhufis nrfhjnghJ benfah V bga nridfhufis
nrJbfhlh (2:9)?
4. benfah mogil g vJ?
102
5. V gzfhu jfis fL ViH jf nfhgglhf (m.5)?
6. 9M mfhugo njt j kfSfhf brj fhafis goaLf.
7. 9:17 trd FLsgo njtDila gf ahit? itfis FJ RUfkhf
sfbfhLf.
8. V vtU vUrny tf Ugiy (m.11)?
9. fy Ukzfis FJ benfah V nfhgglh?
103
vj - mKf
I. jf bga
A. ghuf uh bga j jfJF bfhLfgLsJ.
B. vbua bkh tSila bga mrh vgjhF; UJ bro vgJ j mjkhF (2:7). j
bro jf k rnjhJF milahskhf UwJ (rf. 1:8).
C. tSila bga bgaUF `èru vW mjkhF.
A. VWbfhsgl vbua ntjhfk ij nrg uid UjJ:

1. itfis FlhjJ uidahf UjJ:
a. njtDila VnjD bga;
b. Mya;
c. nkhnr ahaukhz;
d. g;
e. vUrny;
f. b#g (kiwKfkhf RofhlgoUjhY)
2. 1947 fLofgl rhfl RUf vjiu ju giHa Vgho w f
KGikahfnth myJ gFahfnth ilUwd.
3. %ijnghy vj Y giHa Vgho nknfhshf Flgliy.
4. iuahsf btntW jkhf ij FJ FoUwhf:
a. VWbfhsgl vbua ntjhfk ``fjf gF, ``vGjglit gF
KoF tuyh, Mdh njhuh vjU KoF tuhJ vW vUrny lhk (Megilla 7a)
brhYwJ. mit xUnghJ mtiy (. V. v UJ vLfglJ).
b. ka fhyij nrj (. . 1204) j ahahaha bkbkid, J KaJt
nkhnr ahaukhzJF mLjjhf UwJ vW brhUwh.
c. Uj rig kWkyahsuha kho Yj J mfkhf jrhilajhf
Uwgoah VWbfhsgl goaUJ fgl ntL vW brhUwh
(ahnfh kW btgLj fis FJ mt go brhUwh).
5. j jf . . 70F wF gnrafsh #hah thjJFshaJ.
6. . K. 180 vGjgl ``vahof myJ ``bg uh Phd vjiu FJ
Flgliy.
7. nkhnrdh afglhj goif (9:28-31) Jtfij g FLwgoah J
vbua ntjhfk nrfglJ vW bjwJ. 2 kfnga 15:36 trd goif
``bkhbjfh eh vW miHfgLwJ.
B. vj jf bknyh vW miHfgl IJ RUf nrj goa l bgUwJ.

j IJ W jffS (%, ur, cdjghL, yg, vj) VWbfhsgl vbua
ntjhfk ``vGJf Uwd. it xbthW Fl goif ehf
thfgLwd. vj goifnghJ thfgLwJ.
C. MT F brLthLF il vj jf gFf mfkhd ntWghLf fhzgLwd.

brLtho J bkhbjfh kW vj b#gfis cslUwgoah skhf UwJ.
VWbfhsgl vbua ntjhfk j nrfgLgo it nrfgoUfyh.
104
D. ngh (. . 393) kW fhnj{ (. . 39:0 Urig ff vj jt ntjhfk
gFahf cWgLjgLsJ.
II. vtifglJ
A. J tuyhW ciueilahF. (10:2 trd thgt bkhbjfhia FJ bga uh#hf elgo

jf thFgo CFfgLwh).
B. J MFa raij sF tuyhW eht vW y brhYwhf
1. tr f m gagLjgLsJ.
2. ftdkhd fijfU
3. Ka fjhghuf tuyh magliy.
IV. vGat
A. Ma bga Flglhj j jfij vGat ah vgijFJ gy bfhiff

Uwd:
1. Kjyh j MSif fhy, . K. Mwh who W, ujhd Mrhadha
nahah ij vGdh vW u mrah TWwh.
2. lhk, ghgh guh 15m bga b#gMya kjf vj RUis vGdhf vW
brhygoUwJ. tf vwhdh Wtgl jiytf FGit nrjtfshf
Ufyh, fhy j FG Mnyhrid rf vW miHfglJ. vGaJ vgijl
``rbrjJ myJ ``bjhFjJ vgnj rahf UF.
3. bkhbjfh ij vGajhf bg vuh, mbyrah ybkJ, nahrg (Antiquities,
11:6:1) _tU brhYwhf. Mdh 10:3 trd jF Kughlhf UwJ (xUntis mJ
dh nrfgoUfyh).
4. vwh ij vGajhf nlhU, mfoD brhYwhf.
B. vtU maiy vgJ bjthf UwJ. bga muritia ewhf mj, bgah Uj
xU juh J vGjgoUfyh.
C. bga maglhj j Ma gy Mjhufis gagLUwh:

1. bkhbjfh tjkhdf, 9:20
2. bga tuyhW Mtzf, 2:23; 3:14; 4:8; 6:1; 8:13; 10:2
3. uhaf vd eljJ vgJFj thbkh ghuga
4. 9:32 trd FlgL ``jf vJbtW bjaiy.
V. fhy
A. j jf mfhntU vw bga uh#h bga FlgLsJ; bga bkh j

bgaUF ``tyikahd kj vgJ mjkhF. t Kjyh brbr (. K. 486-465) vw
nuf bgauh magl uh#h vW bgUghyhd mPf xbfhSwhf.
B. brLthoY, n#hrgrhY t ``mbjru vW FlgoUwh. J brbrRF

tj Kjyh mjru (. K. 465-424) gl bgauhF.
C. vj Kjyh mfhu nuf njrij jhFgoahd bga lij ugfyh. bAunlhl

vw tuyhwha (2:8) bgah . K. 480 nuf njrij jh, ulglJ vW
FgoUwh. bga uh#h ehL U, mfkhd neuij jdJ mju brytjh vW
mt brhYwh (9:108),
105
D. ntjhfk ehtirgo ghjh, j jf vwh mfhu 6F 7F il elj
ffis Fgjhf UwJ. j l vwh bfhLF brfSF il 57 ML
ilbt fhzgLwJ. 7M mfhunyna vwh vw kj mKfbragLwh.
E. vj 10:1-3 trdf Kjyh brbr kuzJF tU fhyij Fwd. mt . K.

465 bfhiybraglh.
F. . K. Ijh who gF rahdjhf Ufyh. Vbdwh:

1. vj jfYs vbua bkh tot ehshfk, vwh kW benfahF xjjhf
UwJ;
2. bga brhf fhzgLwd;
3. vGat bga tHff kW murit tHffis mjtuhf Uwh. vLJfhlhf
1:6-8, 10 trdfis Flyh.
A. Kjyh mjb[b[ MSifnghJ (. K. 465-424) vGjgl gh VLf . K. 538

ulh nfhnuR U bry mDkj wF bkhbrhbghjhah mfkhd jf
Ujhf vgij cWgLJwJ.
B. bAnuhol tuyhW:
1. Kjyh b[b[ir Fj bAnuhol tuyhW vj ffSF bghUjkhdjhf
UwJ:
a. nuf ehil vJ nghl lLgo muritia Todh;
b. njhfofgl wF D mfkhd neuij jdJ mju fjh;
c. b[b[ir FJ mlfhjt, vnjrhfh, cztagLgt vW tf
gLsJ.
2. vwhY kbwhU tu jF nuhjkhdjhf UwJ. bAnuhol Kjyh b[b[
kidia FJ twh. mtSila bga mbkf. t ``VG ng FLgUJ
tjt. bga uh#hF VG beUfkhd Mnyhrff Ujhf (1:14). Kjyh b[b[
nuf ehil neh gilbaLjnghJ, mbk mtDl brwh vW bAnuhol
FLwh.
C. bgrngh ilj Vyha gntLf (Kjyh j kW Kjyh b[b[ MSifnghJ)
bkhbjfh thr xU mfhahf Ujh vW FLwd.
VII. ya myFf (d)
A. NIV Study Bible RUf tiuaiw mf cjahf UwJ. J RUfij Fl vjYs

_W UJfis FLwJ:
1. uh#h bfhLj UJ, 1:1-2:18;
2. vj bfhLj UJ, 2:19-7:10;
3. goif UJ, 8-10.
B. thd sf:
1. NIV Study Bible, p. 719
2. Expositors Bible Commentary, vol. 4, p. 796
106
VIII. Ka raf
A. nkhnrdh Wtglhj tUlhu goifaha Jtfij g j jf

brhygLsJ (9:28-32). nkhnrdh Flglhj kbwhU tUlhu goif A}fh MF.
NIV Study Bible 176M gf xU mltiz bfhLfgLsJ.
B. JWj ntis (Fghf, iwU UjtfSF) J njtDF cikstfshf

UFgoahd Cfij bfhLjJ.
C. unt tuyh kL, bgah tuyhY njtDila telJ fu bragLtij
J fhLwJ. njtDila vj bgaU FlglhjJ, cgthj ju ntW vj aghd j
tHfK FlglhjJ, njt rfy khl tuyhY uhd jhfij bfhoUwh,
telJwh vgij fhL ya tothf UwJ (4:14).
D. y j jfij clgoif rKjhaij mJLt_y nkahit jLF rhjh
kbwhU Kaahf fUJwhf!:
1. Mjh ;
2. jf kjnuhL nrUj (Mahfk 6);
3. MufhK <rhF jf kidkhfis LbfhLj;
4. vj jf j kf m.
A. brhf kW brhbwhlf
1. VG ujhf, 1:11
2. bgah nkaUila vG uf, 1:13
3. xU uh#flis wJ, mJ wglhjgoF, bgahF nkahF ca njr rlY
vGjglntL, 1:19
4. mkhd , 2:14
5. Mfha, 3:1, 10; 8:5
6. , 3:7; 9:24
7. Kiu nkhu, 3:10; 8:2
8. ru, 3:12
9. bghbrnfh, 4:11; 5:2
10. IgJ KH caukhd Fku, 5:14; 7:9-10
11. ehf, 9:28-32
B. Ka egf
1. mfhntU, 1:1
2. t, 1:9
3. bkhbjfh, 2:5
4. Mfhadha Mkh, 3:1
X. njr tiuglYs lf (tiugl iy)
XI. khztfSfhd nff

1. t tu kWjJ V uh#h MnyhrffSF tUjij bfhLjJ (1:16-22)?
2. bkhbjfh V Mkhid gJ tzfiy?
3. xU j jid gJ tzfhjgoah Mkh V midJ jfis mJnghl Ug
ntL?
107
4. jfis mgjF Mkh uh#hl brhY fhuzf ahit (m. 3)?
5. 4:1-3 trdf jf jf tUjij vgo btgLdhf vW brhygoUwJ
6. njtDila mUis Fj iwa nfhghL vgo 4:14 trdJF bghUjkhdjhf
UwJ?
7. 8:17 trd vgo j jf nehfJF bghUjkhdjhf UwJ?
108
Phd yaJF mKf
I. vtifglJ
A. uhjd ka H bghJthd ya tot

1. bkhbrhbghjhah (1 uh. 4:30; Vrhah 47:10; jh. 2:2)
a. Rnkah bkhf kW uhz fij to Phd ghuga tsbgUjJ
().
b. ghnyh bkhf Phd Mrha/kuthnahL bjhlilajhf UjJ.
ebyhGfJ mJ ghitia xUKfgLjiy. untiynghy J tsbgw
ya tifahf Ufiy.
c. mahY Phd ghuga UjJ. mFth nghjidfis Flyh. t
rdbfF (. K. 704-681) Mnyhrfdhf Ujh.
2. vJ (1 uh. 4:30)
a. . K. 2450 vGjgl The Teaching for Vizier Ptah-hotep. tUila nghjidf
bkhf to iy, g to Ujd. xU jfg kfDF bfhLF nghjid
to it Ujd. . K. 2200 vGjgl The Teachings for King Meri-ka-re
gojh UjJ.
b. . K. 1200 vGjgl mbk-v-xbg ljl bkhf 22:17-24:22 trdfisnghy
UwJ.
3. bgnfah
a. fh fLofglit ngnfa PhdJF unt PhdJF
il beUa bjhl Ugij fhLwd. ntjhfk Phd ya
fhzgL gy mrhjhuzkhd totfSF, mtkhd brhfSF cs mjij
nghJ fh uh huh vw l ilj ij bghU MfUJ ekh
Jbfhs KowJ.
b. cdjghL ngnfa Ukz ghlyha thF xjjhf UwJ. J . K. 600
vGjglJ.
4. fhdh (vnu. 49:7; xg. 8) - vbua kW fhdha Phd yafSF ilyhd xWikia
- Fghf fhUJ ilj . K. gidjh whil nrj uh huh ilj
gFf - Miu btgLUwh.
a. bgUghY xnu brhf n#hoahf tUwd
b. Kubjhl m ea fhzgLwJ
c. nkbyGJf fhzgLwd
d. ir Ff bfhLfgLsd.
5. ntjhfkYs Phd ya unt myhjtf vGJfis cslUwJ:
a. Vnjhik nrj nah
b. khrhit nrj MT. (J r muah gFUj unta uh#hfkhF, ghf,
Mahfk 25:14; 1 ehshfk 1:30).
c. khrhit nrj nyKnt
B. ya gf
1. mogil uL btntwhd totf
a. gHbkh tifglJ
(1) FWaJ
(2) fyhrhuahf vjhf Jbfhs ToaJ (bghJthd mDgt)
(3) f Lgit - ghfToa ra thrff
(4) bgUghY Kughil gagLJwJ
109
(5) bghJthf cikahdjhf UwJ; Mdh vnghJ bragLj Ko vW brhy
KoahJ
b. thd tsia bgw, Fl jiyyhd, ya gilf (bgUghY
vGjglit) nah, ur, nahdh nghwit.
(1) jbkh
(2) ciuahlf
(3) fLiuf
(4) thif Ka nff, fis FJ ilgLwd
(5) Jwf tHfkhd iwa gfSF rthLfToatfshf Ujhf.
c. Phd xU bgzhf fgoUwJ:
(1) bgUghY bkhf Phd xU bgzhf fgoUwJ:
(a) Mftkhf:
1) 1:20-33
2) 8:1-36
3) 9:1-6
(b) vkiwahf:
1) 7:6-27
2) 9:13-18
(2) bkhf 8:22-31 trdf, Phd UZo Kj wjjhf kj cU
FlgLsJ; njt mij bfhL kw vyhtiw UZojh (3:19,
20). nahth nkahtha naRit Fl nahth 1:1 trd ``thij vw
brhiy gagLUgjF Jnt dahf njhWwJ.
(3) vahof 24M mfhuY eh ij fhzyh.
2. j ya tif ahaukhzUJ, fjrd fUJ jwghd
tif ntWgoUwJ; J njrJfhf vGjglhk jgltfSfhf vGjgoUwJ.
tuyhWtkhd myJ rkarhghd rh vJ iy. J mogil mwhl, btfukhd,
rnjhkhd, ebyhGf thifJ ghitia xUKfgLJwJ.
3. ntjhfk Phd ya mj to RYUj ehLf yaJF xjjhf UjhY,
cslf ntWgoUwJ. xnu bkahd njt vw mghunk ntjhfk Phd
vyhtWF mogilahf UwJ (ghf, nah 12:13; 28:28; . 1:7; 9:10; r.111:10). (ghnyh
mR, ah myJ khLF v njhJ bjtfshf Ujd).
4. vbua Phd mf ms bratkhdjhf UjJ. mJ nrj btghil mogilahf
bfhouhk mDgtij mogilahf bfhoUjJ. mJ jgl xUt thif
btbgWtJ ghitia xUKfgLaJ (vyh thif: gagahdJ kW rka
rhgwJ). mJ bjf ``gFj czthf UjJ.
5. Phd ya khl gFjit, mDgtij, ftjiy gagLagoah mJ
cyfshajhf, fyhrhu fljjhf fhzglJ. J xUbjt rka cyfghitahf
UJ; J bgUghY FlglhlhY unt Phd btgLjiy ikakhf
bfhoUjJ.
II. gogl Jtfkhf UUfyh
A. btgho kw totfSF khwhfnth myJ mij rkiygLjnth unt Phd

ya tsia bgUfyh (vnu. 18:18; vnr. 7:26):
1. Mrha - ahaukhz - tot (xLbkhjkhdJ)
2. fj - njt thF - branehf (xLbkhjkhdJ)
3. Ph - Phd - bratkhd, btfukhd mwhl thif (jgltfSFaJ).
4. unt bg fjf UjJnghy, bg PhfS Ujhf (ghf, 2 rhK. 14:1-21;
20:14-22).
110
B. gogl ya tot tsbgUgJnghy njhWwJ:
1. Ffh beUig RY brhygL uhz fijf
2. M isf tahf tj FLg ghuga
3. mukidia nrjtfsh vGjgL, MjfglJ:
a. jhJ rjfnshL bjhlbfhoUwh.
b. rhbyhnkh bkhfnshL bjhlbfhoUwh (1 uh. 4:29-34; r. 72; 127).
c. vnrah Phd yaij rbrjnjhL bjhlbfhoUwh.
III. nehf
A. J mogil ``vgo elgJ vgij FjjhF. rnjhij, btia ikakhf

bfhoUwJ. J jgltfJ ghitia bfhljhF. J itfis ikakhf
bfhoUwJ:
1. Kija jiyKiwd mDgtf,
2. thif fhuzK, isF ilyhd bjhlig FjjhF.
B. J raij nghgjF, jiytf kW Fokf mLj jiyKiwdUF
gagjF rKjha tahF.
C. giHa VghL Phd vnghJnk mij btgLjhlhY, clgoif njtnd thif
vyhtWF dahf Uwh vgij fhLwJ.
D. J ghugakhd iwaYF miwTt LJ, rkiygLJ xU tahF. Phf ghljf
raJF fLgouhk Rahdkhf fToatfshf Ujhf. V, vgo
goUjh? vw nffis mtf nflhf.
IV. mjfhQjYfhd tf
A. FWa bkh thrff

1. raij btgLJgo thif bghJthd mrf Uwdth vW ghUf.
2. xU va mF tha_y ika raij btgLJf.
3. d cjfukhf uhjgoah, nj jiy izahd gFfis fLof.
B. skhd ya totf
1. KGik ika raij rakhf btgLJf.
2. trdfis mj dUJ btna vLfhf.
3. vGJtjfhd tuyhW d myJ fhuzij neh ghUf.
C. mjfhg y bghJthd jtWf (Fee & Stuart, How to Read the Bible for All It Is Worth, p.
207)
1. kf KG Phd iy thJ mj ika raij njlhk (nah, ur nghwit)
diaL y gFfis vLJ, mij thijF thij nghija thFF
bghU TWwhf.
2. j ya to jwig kf JbfhStiy. J cUtf iwj, uhjd
ka HF yakhF.
3. bkhf bghJthd raij Fj thrffshF. it vyh ntisfY, vyh
lfY, vyh ntisfY ra thrffshf UF vW brhy KoahJ.
V. ntjhfk vLJfhLf
A. giHa VghL
1. nah
2. rj 1, 19, 32, 34, 37, 49, 73, 104, 107, 110, 112, 127-128, 133, 147, 148
3. bkhf
4. ur
111
5. cdjghL
6. yg
7. nahdh
B. VWbfhsgl ntjhfk nrfglhjit
1. njh
2. bguh Phd (Ecclesiasticus)
3. rhbyhnkh Phd (Book of Wisdom)
4. 4 kfnga
C. a VghL
1. naR bkhfS ctikfijfS
2. ahnfh Ug
112
vbua fij
I. KDiu
A. j tifgl ya tot giHa Vgho _byhU gF fhzgLwJ. VWbfhsgl

vbua ntjhfk ``fjf kW ``vGjglit gF it bghJthf fhzgL
wd.
B. J My fijUJ KY ntWgljhF. My fij nuf kW y

fijUJ tsbgwjhF. vbua fijY fhdha fijY gy bghJthd
mrf fhzgLwd. ka HF fij xaGj bfhLF tfnsh, fnsh myJ
bjhil eankh ilahJ.
C. unt tlgFYs fh (uh huh) eljgl ijbghU M Kof mPf

vbua fijia Jbfhs cjahf Uwd. . K. gidjh whil nrj j
fijf ntjhfk fijnahL ya bjhlbfhoUwd.
II. fij bghJthd gf
A. J RUf brh sf itgjhF.
B. J cUtf_y raij, czfis myJ mDgtfis btgLj KaYwJ.
C. J mogil thbkh myJ vGjgljhF. J nkikahd totikig bfhoUwJ.

j totik itf btgLjgLwJ:
1. rkiygLjgl tf (izahd tf)
2. thij uf
III. totik
A. uhg bys jdJ Lectures on the Sacred Poetry of the Hebrews (1753) ntjhfk fij
rkiygLjgl jid tf vW tiuaiw brUwh. j fij tfis fhLgo
bgUghyhd ed My bkhbgaf totikfgLsd.
1. xUbghUSilait - tahdJ xnu jidia btntW thijf btgLJwJ:
a. rj 3:1; 49:1; 83:14; 103:3
b. bkhf 20:1
c. Vrhah 1:3
d. Mnkh 5:24
2. vilahdit - KugLtij fhLt _ykhfnth myJ Mftkhdij vkiw
ahdij fhLt _ykhfnth tahdJ vkiwahd jidfis fhLwJ:
a. rj 1:6; 90:6
b. bkhf 1:6,29; 10:1,12; 15:1; 19:4
3. bjhFJTWgit - mLj uL myJ _W tf jidia gL TWwd -
rj 1:1-2; 19:7-9; 29:1-2
B. V. jdJ, General Introduction to the Study of Holy Scripture (1899) vbua fijia
MuhJ ghg mLj flij FJ FLwh:
1. milahsahdJ - tha xU c thijF thij mjbfhs Toajhf
ulhtJ cUtf tHfhf UF, rj 42:1; 103:3.
2. VtoyhdJ-tha cf xU Vianghy caU to raij
btgLJwd, rj 19:7-14; 29:1-2; 103:20-22.
3. K KueaKilaJ -bjhl tha f, bgUghY 4 cshd tha tot_y
xnwhblhW bjhlilajhf Uwd - Kj thaK ehfh thaK, ulh
thaK _wh thaK go bjhlilajhf Uwd- rj 30:8-10m
113
C. . . nu jdJ, The Forms of Hebrew Poetry (1915) rkiygLjgl tha fis
FJ Dkfkhf sf bfhLUwh:
1. KGikahd rkiy - Kj tYs xbthU thij ulhtJ t tU xU
thijdh rkiygLjgLwJ - rj 83:14; Vrhah 1:3
2. KGikailahj rkiy; tha f xnu sKilaitahf Ugiy - rj 59:16; 75:6
D. x xGF tot
1. vGJf x (fuJiw ghL - tf KjbyGij myJ filbaGij TLjyh
brhYlhF ghLtif)
2. bkbaGbjh (nkhid - KjbyGJ xtU bjhlaik)
3. vJif (cbuhf kL ir vJif)
4. thijf Ug Ug tUj (brbkh nyil)
5. xnu Xirs thijf (brhbghU irt)
6. nrj Jtf kW Ko (cslfyhdJ)
E. giHa Vgho gy tifgl fij fhzgLwJ. y jiy bghU rgjkhdit, y tot
rgjkhdit:
1. uZil ghl - v. 21:17-18
2. ntiybrnghJ ghL ghl - (ah. 9:27 RofhlgLwJ); Vrhah 16:10; vnu. 25:30; 48:33
3. ehL ghl - v. 21:27-30; Vrhah 23:16
4. FoFnghJ ghL ghl - vkiwahdJ, Vrhah 5:11-13; Mnkh 6:4-7 MftkhdJ, Vrhah
22:13
5. ner ghlf - cdjghL, Ukz - ah. 14:10-18, Ukz ghl - r. 45
6. yg ghlf - (2 rhK. 1:17 RofhlgLwJ; kW 2 ehsh. 35:25) 2 rhK. 3:33; r. 27, 28;
vnu. 9:17-22; yg; vnr. 19:1-14; 26:17-18; ehT 3:15-19
7. ngh ghlf - M. 4:23-24; ah. 15:1-18; v. 16:35-36; nahRth 10:13; ah. 5:1-31; 11:34; 1 rhK. 18:6;
2 rhK. 1:18; Vrhah 47:1-15; 37:21
8. w Mthjf myJ jiytiu Mtj - M. 49; v. 6:24-26; cgh. 32; 2 rhK. 23:1-7
9. kuthj gFf - nyah, v. 24:3-9
10. gRj ghlf - rjf
11. fuJiw ghlf - r. 9,34,37,119; . 31:10Kj; yg 1-4
12. rhgf - v. 21:22-30
13. f ghlf - Vrhah 14:1-22; 47:1-15; vnr. 28:1-23
IV. vbua yaJF mjfhQ tKiwf
A. g myJ br ika raij fLof. ed bkhbgafis xL

ghUf.
B. cUtf bkhia fLbfhL mij ciueil vGJf. gogl ya RUfkhdJ
vgij id itUf. thgtnu KGikia Jbfhs ntL.
C. xU uidfhf vGjgl fijfis mitf ya d kW tuyhW dnahL
bghU ghJ mjfhQf.
D. fij vgo tuyhiw btgLJwJ vgjF ahahgf 4-5 mfhuf vLJfhlhf
csd. ahahgf 4M mfhu ciueilahf, 5M mfhu mnj fit fij eilY
bfhLwd.
E. vgogl iz xik gagLjgoUwJ vgij fLof. xUbghUSilaitah
myJ vilahditah myJ bjhFJ TWgitah vW ghUf. J KakhdjhF.
114
nah - mKf
I. jf bga
A. Ka fjhghu bga YF bfhLfgLsJ. nah rhjhuzkhdbjhU bgauhF.

jF go mj brhygoUwJ:
1. ``jh vnf
2. ``xU v
3. ``kdU xUt
B. J tyikahd, fiyea f, mjKs yhF.

1. ``ntjhfk kw vj jfijl nkikahdjhf, caajhf UwJ vW
Yj brhUwh.
2. `ùhjd myJ ed fijf f wj fijahF vW blr brhUwh.
3. ``jF izahd kila ntjhfknyh myJ btnyh iy vW fhiy
brhUwh.
A. VWbfhsgl vbua ntjhfk J ``vGjglit gF UwJ.
B. J y ifbaGJ uf cghfkJF dh bfhLfgoUwJ. Vbdwh nah

MufhK xnu fhyflJF bghUjkhdtf.
C. tnfoUnj j jf ntjhfk fij fSF ilna itfglJ. ij obu

Urig f mfjJ.
II. vtifglJ
A. J uhjd ka H mfkhf fhzgl ``Phd ya xU gFahF.
B. J xU ciueil KDiuia (1-2) Koit (42) bfhl mogil fij yhf Uwgoah
J vtifglJ vgij FJ mPf eL thj fhzgLwJ:
1. tuyhW ciueil
2. jJt/iwa fUbghU ehlf to bfhLfgLsJ.
3. xU ctikfij
C. nah YF itfSF il y xWikf (Mdh iwaahf my)

fhzgLwd:
1. ``Rnkah nah vW miHfgl xU Rnka . K. 2000I nrjJ.
a. Kiy toyhd KWKW
b. fhuzyhk ghLgLtij FjJ
c. bjtdh iflgLj
d. murit rhuizfhf ntLnfh Lj
e. ght btgLjgLwJ.
2. eh Phd Mltiu Jng vw ghnyha . J y ntisf ``ghnyha
nah vW miHfgLwJ. J . K. 1300-1100 fhyflij nrjJ.
a. jhnd ngRtJ nghwJ
b. flsh iflgL, egfS yFj
c. Wahf MnuhaK brtK Ug bfhLfgLj
115
3. ``khl Jg Fj ciuahl vw ghnyha . J y ntisf `ìwtDila
Fj ghnyha vW miHfgLwJ.
a. ghLfis Fj xU fuJiw toyhd gJflis
b. ghLgLgtUF egDF il
c. eg ghuga fnzhl rhghf ngRnghJ, ghLgLgt atf brghf
UgJ nghw uidfis FJ vLJ brhYj
d. vyh uidfS VnjD xU fl khl njh fhuzkhf tUwd.
4. ``xU Foahdt kWiuf vw va
5. ``thifia FJ nrhtilUF xUtDila MJkhnthL xU tHF vw va
. J ``jbfhiyia Fj thj vW miHfgLwJ.
D. j jf gntW tifgl ya tiff csd. VnjD xU F J bghUjkhdjhf
iy.
1. jJ ngRj/jbkh
2. ciuahl trd
a. egf
b. fj
3. ciueil Jtf kW Ko
IV. vGat
A. Ma bga Flgliy.
B. ghgh guh 15M nkhnr j jfij vGdh vW brhygoUwJ. y vbua ifbaGJ

ufY, a bkhbgagha bglhY J cghfkJF mLJ itfgLsJ.
C. xU j jJtPh tuyhYs nah thifia vLJ, xU jJtahd, iwaahd

jJtij nghFgo mij kh vGUfyh.
D. 3-41 mfhufYs fij xU uhjd vGjhsuh vGjgoUfyh, ciueilYs KDiu

(1-2) Koiu (42) fhya vGjhs xUtuh nrfgoUfyh vW y zf
cWahf TWwhf.
E. nah vw kj
1. nah Jtffhy tuyhiw nrj xUt. Vbdwh:
a. vnrna 14:14 , 20 kW ahnfh 5:1 trdf mt FlgLwh.
b. nj eguhf yhlhY, j bga mkdh VLf FlgLsJ, va
VLfY, kh VLfY, fh VLfY FlgLsJ.
c. 42:11 trd FlgLs jfrhR vw ehza - kesitah - nkY M. 33:19 nahRth
24:32 trdf kLnk FlgoUwJ.
2. nah xU j iy vgJ bjthf UwJ
a. nah mt egfS njtid FJ ngRnghJ bghJthd bgafisna
FLwhf.
1. Vnyh (njt) mfhuf 1-2 kW 20, 28, 32, 34, 38
2. V (njt) gy ntisf
3. lh (rttyt) gy ntisf
b. t Vnjhik nrj xU Ph vW bjwJ
1. C (M. 36:28; vnu. 25:20; y. 4:21)
2. njkh (M. 36:11)
3. ``Hf u vW t xlgoUwh (nah 1:3; ah. 6:3,33; Vrhah 11:14; vnr.
25:4,10)
116
V. fhy
A. j jf tuyhW d . K. ulhtJ Mukhil nrj Kjhf

fhyflJF xjjhf UwJ. y vLJfhLf:
1. nah jdJ FLgJF xU Mrhaidnghy bragLwh (1:5)
2. nah l M -- 140+ MLf (42:16)
3. L Uffis tsF gh ehnlho thif
4. jhFgo tU rngaU, fnjaU (1:15,17)
5. nah Mo y fhy glzY, fhy jdJ kijfnshL tjh.
B. j ya tif ij Phd ya cUthfgl fhyfl nrwJ. J jh

fhyUJ jh uh#hf, Fghf, vnrah tiuyhd fhyflkhF.
C. M. nf. Ahr j jf . K. Ijh who vGjgoUfyh vW brhYwh. J

%gzfSF Vwjhf UwJ,
VI. tuyhW d
A. C vnf UjJ vgJ bjthf bjaiy. ij FJ uL Ka bfhiff

Uwd:
1. Vnjh njr UjJ
a. J mj PhfSfhf magoUwJ, vnu. 49:7
b. _W egf xUt njkhUJ tjh, J Vnjh njr UjJ. Vrh
rjia nrj xUtDila bga J miHfgLwJ, M. 36:15.
c. C Xadha nrp rj vW FlgoUwh, ghf, M. 36:20-30. j
kf Vnjh gFia nrjtf.
d. yg 4:21 trd C VnjhnkhL izJ brhygLsJ.
2. Muh gF UjJ
a. nah jf munka ya eil, gjfS fhzgLwd.
b. fnjaf jhFj, 1:17.
c. Mahfk 10:23 trd Cir MuhnkhL nrwJ. ghf, M. 22:20-22.
3. C vgJ ghydJF Hnf tl MuhUJ bjnf Vnjh tiuyhd gy
gHFodiu Ffyh.
VII. ya myFf
A. ciueilyhd KDiu (gunyhf TotUj), 1-2
B. nah egf, 3-37

1. nah yg, 3
2. thj _W RHf, 4-31
a. Kj RH, 4-14
(1) vgh, 4-5 (4) nah, 9-10
(2) nah, 6-7 (5) nrhgh, 11
(3) jh, 8 (6) nah, 12-14
b. ulh RH, 15-21
(1) vgh, 15 (5) nrhgh, 20
(2) nah 16-17 (6) nah, 21
(3) jh, 18
(4) nah, 19
117
c. _whtJ RW, 22-31
(1) vgh, 22
(2) nah, 23-24
(3) jh, 25
(4) nah, 26
(5) nah Koiu, 27
(6) Ma Fiu (Phdij nghWj, Phd ), 28
(7) nah jbkhf, 29-31
3. vT Fiuf, 32-37
a. ciueil, 32:1-5
b. fij, 32:6-37:24
C. njt nahF gyj, 38:1-42:6

1. UZofuhf njt gywh, 38-39
2. ahahgahf njt gywh, 40:1-2,6-41:34
3. nah kdUwhd, 40:3-5 kW 42:1-6
D. ciueil Koiu, 42:7-17
VIII. Ka raf
A. khf j thif MtfgLwhf, Jkhff j thif jofgL

whf vw ghugakhd clgoif iwaiy (cgh. 27-29) rkiygLJgoahf j jf
vGjglJ. ghugakhd j iwa nah _W egfsh mfgLwJ. ghugaJF
lgl miwTt vT nghw isPlUJ tjJ Rthuakhf UwJ; mt nahit
mtDila tajhd _W egfis btgilahf vJ, mtfis rgLJtij
fhnwh .
B. njt gu vgij j jf cWgLJwJ. mt j thifyhtJ (nah bghUj
gzgLj, 42:10-17) myJ mLj thyhtJ (14:7-17; 19:23-27.) fhafis rgLJth.
C. vyh ghLfS jgl ght is my. ijna _W egfS cWgLdhf
(ghf, 4:7-11; 8:3-7; 11:13-15; 15:12-16; 22:21-30). J mahd, GJnghd cyfkhF. y ntisf
Jkhf brgilwhf (r. 73). mofo khf ghLfis vnehFwhf. nah jh
bgW jafSfhf Rthwh vW rhjh Fwrhodh.
D. MFa cyfij Fj ghitia j jf ekF bfhLwJ. kjDF vahf
FwrLgt xUt Uwh. rhjh giHa Vgho njtDila nrtfdhf, JWJ
jdhf Uwh (ghf, A.B. Davidson, An Old Testament Theology, published by T & T Clark
pp. 300-306.) rhjh vgJ xU bgaiul braghil FF jkhf bfhLfgoUfyh.
ntWgy fhaf rJU vW FlgoUwd.
1. kj
a. 1 rhK. 29:4
b. 2 rhK. 19:22
c. 1 uh. 5:4
d. 1 uh. 11:14-22, 23-25
e. r. 71:13
f. r. 109:6, 20, 29
2. jf
a. fjUila j - vuh - v. 22:22
b. rhjh - nah 1-2, 1 ehsh. 21:13; rf. 3:1-2
E. nah ghLfSF dhYs fhuzij njt mtDF xUnghJ btgLjiy. thif

xU uhf UwJ. tufisl njtJ eif itgnj KakhdjhF!
118
A. brhf kW brhbwhlf
1. cjk, 1:1; 2:3
2. njtu, 1:6; 2:1
3. XL, 2:8
4. ghjhs, 7:9; 11:8
5. ehz, 8:11
6. mffh, 9:13; 26:12-13
7. euf, 26:6; 28:22; 31:12
8. F bghU, 33:24; 36:18
9. ahjh, 3:8; 41:1
10. bfnkh, 40:15
11. njt iHyhjJ
B. Ka egf
1. Hf u,, 1:3
2. rhjh, 1:6
3. rnga, 1:15
4. fnja, 1:17
5. rt tyt (Shaddai), 6:4,14; 13:3; 22:3,26
6. vT, 32:2
X. njr tiuglYs lf
1. C, 1:1
2. njkh, 4:1
3. Vnjh
XI. khztfSfhd nff

1. njtDF gagLj vg mj vd? 1:1,9; 28:28
2. nah ght brahjtdhf, iHyhjtdhf Ujhdh? 1:1,8,22
3. Hf u vgt ah? 1:3
4. nah jdJ FLgJF Mrhadhf braglJ vgo jf fhyij fLof cjahf
UwJ? 1:5
5. rhjh fjUila r wh vg mj vd? 1:6-12
6. vbjj tf rhjh njtDF Kghf nahig Fwrhodh? 1:6-12; 2:1-6
7. 14:7-17 kW 19:23-29 trdf ru cbjGjiy nghwdth? V myJ V iy?
8. njt nah nffSF gyjhuh?
9. jh ght brJlij nah vnghjhtJ xbfhlhdh? 40:3-5; 42:1-6
10. nah _W egfS vd bra ntLbkW njt TWwh? (42)
11. nah jh xU ghtK mahjt vW cWgLJtJ vgo njtDila gig ghwJ? 40:8
119
rj jf - mKf
I. jf bga
A. vbua bkh j jiy ``J ghlf myJ ``Jf (Tehillim) vgjhF. gy rjf
ygfshfnth myJ FiwTW ghlfshfnth Uwgoah j jiy aghf UwJ.
B. brLtho psalmos vgJ jiyghF. gj vgJ j mjkhF. rjfis Fj

j nuf brh fh 20:42; 24:44 kW mnghjy 1:20 trdf gagLjgoUwJ.
vyh rjfS ir fUf JiznahL irJ ghLgitahf uhlhY, Jnt
brLtho j jf jiyghF.
II. ntjhfk VWbfhsgLj
A. rjf VWbfhsgl vbua ntjhfk _whtJ tha ``vGjglit it

nrjjhF. vbua ntjhfk j gF itfis cslajhF:
1. Phd ya
a. nah
b. rj
c. bkhf
2. goif f (Megilloth)
a. %
b. ur
c. cdjghL
d. yg
e. vj
3. tuyhW f
a. jhna
b. vwh
c. nenfah
d. ehshfk
B. xU bjhFghf rjf brLthoY, rhfl RUfY fhzgLwd.
C. ntbwj giHa VghL iyl rj jfUJ mfkhd nknfhf a Vgho

vLJ brhygLsd.
II. vtifglJ
A. j ya tot uhjd ka H mfkhf fhzglJ. ntjhfk rjf ghnyh,

vJ, fhdh ehLf ghkhiy toit bgUwJ. itfSF eLnt beUfkhd bjhlig
zf flUwhf:
1. rjf 104:20-30 kW mnlhDF VbwLfgl va ghkhiy (. K. 14M whL)
2. 29M rj ljl ghfhYF vGjgl xU fh ghkhiyF izahf UwJ.
bjtf bgaf kLnk khUwd.
B. fh glz mfbjLfgl uh huh VLf _y fhdha fijF, rjfSF
ilyhd xWikf ygLwd.
C. j ya tot untYF fhzgl xU uhjd tifgljhF:
1. nkhnr rj, ah. 15:1-17
2. ah ghl, ah 15:21
120
3. unt ghl, v. 21:17-18
4. bjbghuh ghl, ah. 5
5. mdh ghl, 1 rhK. 2:1-10
6. ahnr jfUJ ij ghl, 2 rhK. 1:17-27
D. _W Ka totf:
1. J rjf - fjiu Jngh, fjiu ghLnth, vw brhfSl it
JtFwd.
2. yg rjf - fjhnt, vW miHJ it FiwTWjiy bjwd myJ
zg Lwd.
3. Phd rjf - Phd ya tifglit.
IV. vGat
A. ghugakhf gy rjfis vGatf bgaf jiynyh myJ KDiunyh

bfhLfgLsd. uL tf j jiyfis ghfyh:
1. it vbua ntjhfk gFia nrjitahf Uwgoah VWbfhsglitahF.
vwhY rhfl RUf fLofgl rjf j jiyfnsh myJ
Ktiufnsh fhzgliy.
2. j jiyf VtgL vGatfsh vGjglit my vwgoah, Vtgl ra
my, uhjd ghuga vnw itfis ghf ntL. Fiwjgrkhf itf ulhtJ
VWbfhsgl kw gFfSF nuhjkhf Uwd:
a. rj 34 jiy X 1 rhK. 21:10Kj
b. rj 56 jiy X 1 rhK. 21:10
3. of vW mjgL vbua brh gntW mjfis Ffyh:
a. vGat
b. tUfhf vGjglJ
c. tUF vGjglJ
d. tUila fhyJF brhjkhdJ
e. tUila telJjHhf
B. vGatfis FJ MT thW TUwJ:

1. jhJ, (1 rhKnt 16:16-18), (MT) 73 rjfis vGat; (brLth) 84; (tnf) 53
2. bga bjahjt - 50 rjf: 1, 2, 10, 33, 43, 71, 91, 93-97, 104-107, 118-119, 135, 137, 146-150
3. jh ghlFG jiytdha Mrh (1 ehsh. 15:16-17; 16:5) 12 rjf: 50, 73-83
4. nya ir fiyPfsha nfhuh u (1 ehsh. 9:19; 15:17) 11 rjf: 42-49, 43 ju, 84-
88 , 86 ju
5. nya ghl FG jiytdha v, (1 ehsh. 16:41-42; 25:1-3; 2 ehsh. 5:12) 3 rjf: 39, 62,
77
6. rhbyhnkh, 2 rjf: 72, 127. vGat tUfhf vGjglJ tUF vGjglJ
tUila fhyJF brhjkhdJ tUila telJjHhf
7. nkhnr, 1 rj: 90
8. nfhfha Fkhu (1 ehsh. 6:33; 15:17)
a. Vjh, rj 89 (y Mufh vW idwhf) 1 ehsh. 15:17,19
b. Vkh, rj 88 (nfhuh xU Fkhu) 1 uh. 4:31; 1 ehsh. 4:31; 15:19
C. j vGJfUJ vGat Fj ghuga

1. ghgh guh 14M - ``jhJ gJ _gf JiznahL rj jfij vGdh, nkY Mjh,
bknrnj, Mufh, nkhnr kW nfhuh _W ufsha Vkh, vJ, Mrh
tf JiznahL vGdh.
121
2. Mnyhrid rf 38M (lhk) Mjh 139M rjij, bknrnj 110M rjij
vGajhf FLwJ.
D. brLuh rjfis vnuah, vnrna, Mfh, rfah Mnah vGajhf FLwJ (112,
126, 127, 137, 146-149)
V. fhy
A. uL fhuzfSfhf rj jf fhyij FLtJ fodkhf UwJ:

1. y Fl ntisfSfhf jgl rjf vGjgld
2. rjf IJ jffshf bjhFfgld.
B. untyUila thif vyh fhyflij nrj rjf nrfgoUwd:

1. j ghuga go brhYwJ:
a. Mjh 139M rjij vGdh
b. bknrnjF 110M rjij vGdh
c. Mufh 89M rjij vGdh
d. nkhnr 90M rjij vGdh
2. iwa zf rjfis _W Ka fhyflij nrjitahf Uwhf:
a. iwUF Kijait (jff, I, II, & IV)
b. iwU fhy (jf III)
c. iwUF ait (jf V)
C. gy rjf jhJ vGait vW FlgoUwd:

1. jhJ ir fiyPdhf, irgtdhf, ghLgtdhf Ujh, 1 rhK. 16:16-18
2. nya ghlf FGfis, Mya ghlf FGfis t Jtdh, 1 ehsh. 15:1- 16:43, 25:1-
31; 2 ehsh. 29:25-30
3. rjf Kj uL jff tdh vGjglit vW brhygoUwJ, r. 72:20
4. tDila rjf IJ jffY fhzgLwd.
VI. rjf totik
A. bghJthd fUbghUnsh myJ xGFkhnah iy. it Uwd:

1. xU bghJthd KDiu (s eg gf) - r. 1, 2I Flyh.
2. IJ fS xU njtJnahL Kotilwd, 41:13; 72:18-19; 89:52; 106:48
3. xU bghJthd Koiu (doxology) - rj 150
B. IJ jff gf
1. jf 1 - rj 1-41
a. 4 rjfis ju (1, 2, 10, 33) kwit jhdh vGjglitahF.
b. njt fj vW Kakhf miHfgLwh, fj 273; Vnyh 15
c. jhJ rYl nkh bfhoUj ehf vGjgoUfyh.
2. jf 2 - rj 42-72 (72:20 Ma ah vgij fhLwJ)
a. rjf 42-49 nfhuh uUF vGjgld (43 ju)
b. njt ujhdkhf Vnyh vW miHfgLwh 164 Kiw ahnt 30 Kiw
c. jhJ uh#hthf Uj fhyflkhf Ufyh.
3. jf 3 - rjf 73-89
a. rj 73-83, Mrh
b. rj 84-88, nfhuh u (86 ju)
122
c. 26 rjf jhJ vGaitahF.
d. njt 44 Kiw ahnt vW 43 Kiw Vnyh vW FlgoUwh.
e. ma urid clha ntisahf Ufyh.
4. jf 4 - rj 90-106
a. rjf 101, 103, jhJ
b. rj 90, nkhnr
c. kw rjfis vGatf bga bjahJ
d. ahnt vw brh 104 Kiw, Vnyh vw brh 7 Kiw gagLjgLsd.
e. ghnyha jhFj clhd ntisahf Ufyh.
5. jf 5 - rjf 107-150
a. rj 119 njtDila thijia Fj l fuJiw ghlyhF.
b. ahnt 236 Kiw, Vnyh 7 Kiw gagLjgLsd.
c. rjf 146-150 J rjfshF; it fjiu Jf vw brhfnshL
JtFwd.
d. mnefkhf njtDila tUfhy Mthjfis Fj eifia btgLjyh.
C. rjfSF v Lt ntWghL fhzgLwJ

1. MT ifbaGJ u
a. bguhnfh 9M -- Kj U rjf xnu rjkhf FlgLsd.
b. gh 16 - ahnfh thj 147 MLfSF izahf 147 rjf FlgLsd.
2. LXX brLth
a. 9, 10 rjf nrJ xnu fuJiw ghlyhf Uwd.
b. 114, 115 rjf nrJ xwhf Uwd.
c. 116, 147 rjf uoulhf fgoUwd.
3. rjf vif Jtffhy b#g Mya MLnjhW thfgl ntjhfk
RHnfg mikUjJ.
D. rjfis bjhF bjhFghf gjF xU vLJfhL:
1. fUbghU myJ jiy thahf
a. J ghkhiyf
(1) UZofuha njtDF, 8, 19, 104, 139, 148
(2) bghJthf njtDF, 33, 103, 113, 117, 134-136, 145-147
b. njhu brYJ ghkhiyf, 9-10, 11, 16, 30, 32, 34, 92, 116, 138
c. yg/yg ghL/FiwbrhYj
(1) nrJ, 12, 14, 44, 53, 58, 60, 74, 49, 80, 83, 85, 89, 90, 94, 106, 123, 126, 137
(2) jgljkhf, 3-7, 13, 17, 22, 25-28, 31, 35, 38-43, 69-71, 86, 88, 102, 109, 120, 130, 139-143
d. uh#hf Fj ghkhiyf
(1) uh#hthf njt, 47, 93, 96-99
(2) unt uh#h myJ nkah, 2, 18, 20, 21, 45, 72, 89, 101, 110
e. nahid Fj ghkhiy, 46, 48, 76, 84, 87, 122
f. Muhjid xGF ghkhiyf
(1) clgoif JfgLj, 50, 81
(2) Mrha Mthjf, 134
(3) Myaij FjJ, 15, 24, 68
g. Phdij Fj ghkhiyf, 36, 37, 49, 73, 111, 112, 127, 128, 133
h. fj cikstuhf Uwh vgJ Rthr itF ghkhiyf, 11, 16, 23, 62,
63, 91, 121, 131
i. bghahd flfis, ufhuhjidia foj, 82, 115
2. vGat myJ ngRgt thahf
a. bgUghY njtid Ff fj vw bga gagLjgl jh rjf, r. 1-41
b. bgUghY njtid Ff Vnyh vw bga gagLjgl jh rjf, r.
51-72
123
c. jh nya ir fiyPf, ghlff ghkhiyf
(1) nfhuhF uU, r. 42-49, 84-88
(2) Mrh uU, r. 73-83
d. Jgtf ghkhiyf, r. 111-118, 140-150
e. goif ehf vUrnyKF tU gafsh ghlgL ghkhiyf, r. 120-134
3. goif ehsW MuhFgo vUrnyKF tU j gaf ghLgit, r. 14, 44, 46- 48, 53,
66, 68, 74, 76, 79, 80, 83, 85, 87, 108, 122, 124-126 kW 129
E. bjhlila rjf
1. njtDila bgaiu ju 14, 53 rjf xWnghy Uwd
a. rj 14 ahnt
b. rj 53 Vnyh
2. 103, 104 rjf izfgoUwd:
a. xnu JtfK xnu Ko
b. 103M rj ahnt urfuhf, guhf FlgLwh.
c. 104M rj Vnyh UZofuhf, fhgtuhf FlgLwh.
3. 32, 51 uL rjfS jhJ gnrghSl brj ghtij FjitahF.
4. rj 57:7-11 kW 60:5-12 uL nrJ 108M rjkhwJ.
5. 18M rj 2 rhK. 21:1-51 trdf kWgokhf FlgLsJ.
F. V IJ jff 150 rjf Uwd?
1. mnefkhf Xehf b#g Mya bghJkfSF thFgo ahaukhz 150
ghffshf fgoUjjF izahf J Ufyh.
2. mnefkhf IJ jff nkhnr IJ jffSF izahf Ufyh.
VII. rjf iria FF brhf
A. btntW tifgl rjfis tFgo rjJF Kdh bfhLfgLs ir

Ff:
1. MIZMOR vwh gj vW mjkhF. it ir fUfis irJ mnjhL nrJ
ghL rjfshF. go 57 Uwd.
2. SHIR vyh tifgl rjfis FwJ. go 30 Uwd.
3. MASCHIL myJ MASKIL nrj w bfhl myJ nghF rjfis Fwd.
go 30 Uwd.
4. MITCHTAM myJ MITKHTAM - j brh rahd mj bjaiy. vbua
ntbrhiy ghFnghJ J ``jfkhdJ myJ `ìykgwJ vw mjij
bgwyh. mfhoa ntbrhgo ghFnghJ J ``kiwthdJ myJ ``btlglhjJ
vW mjgLwJ. mua ntbrhgo ghFnghJ J ``ght brtJ myJ
``kgJ vW mjgLwJ. go 6 rjf Uwd.
5. PALAL vwh b#g vW mjkhF. J jf 1 kW 2Ys jh rjfis Ff
gagLjgLwJ (v-L. rj 72:20). J j rjf nkFY fhzgLwJ: 17,
86, 90, 102, 142; 122I Tl nrJbfhsyh.
B. rjij irgJ myJ ghLtJ Fj ir Ff
1. SELAH 71 Kiw 39 rjfY, Mg. 3:3, 9, 13 trdfY gagLjgLsJ. j mj
rahf bjaiy. gntW bfhiff csd:
a. brLtho ahgjF, mGjJF ilbt bfhLfgLsJ.
b. vbua ntbrh mj ``caJ vgjhF; vdnt bjhia caj ntL vW
mjkhwJ.
c. uf J Mbk vgJ nghw xU brhyhF. j mj akhf vgjhF.
124
2. SHIGGAION myJ SHIGIONOTH 7M rjY MgT 3M mfhuY
gagLjgLsJ. J ygiy btgLJ JfkhF. J mfkhf cztagL
fij totij bfhoUwJ.
3. NEGINOTH MgT 3:19 trd 6 Kiw gagLjgoUwJ. eu thaf
gagLtJtjfhf vgJ j mjkhF.
4. SHEMINITH UKiw gagLjgoUwJ. vlhtJ eh ghlgLtJ vgJ j
mjkhF. J mnefkhf MFu ghlglyh (ghf, 1 ehsh. 15:21).
5. ALAMOTH ehF Kiw gagLjgoUwJ. J bg Fuiy FwJ (ghf, 1 ehsh.
15:20).
6. MECHILOTH xUKiw gagLjgoUwJ. fhW thaf gagLJtJ vgJ
j mjkhF.
7. GITTITH _W Kiw gagLjgLsJ. du gagLjgLtJ vgJ j
mjkhF.
8. Fghd ntisfSfhf irfgL gy rjf csd, r. 9, 22, 45, 53, 56, 57-59, 60, 62, 69,
75, 77, 80, 88
VIII. rjf nehf
A thif KGtJ clgoif_y njtndhL izfgoUwJ vW unty edhf.

rjf thif MHkhd czfis njtDF btgLJ kjDila tahF .
B. unty xnu jgl, fridbfhl njtid Rthjhf. Rthr Muhjid rhjJ
myJ ukhz rhjJ my, J jglj mwhl btgLjgl ntL. eik ehnk
rkaufhukhf njtDF btgLj rjf fij tot cjahf UwJ. giHa Vgho
Ka fjhghu njtndahth.
C. vyh rjfS jgl Rthrij Fj jgl btghLfshf Jtf bgUfyh.
Mdh wF Rthr rKjhad mij gagLdhf (ghf, r. 23; 139 nghwit),
A. brhf kW brhbwhlf
1. bjJbfhlh (kadosh) 4:3
2. eif (emeth 4:5)
3. cKila tia britgLJ 5:8
4. Uig (hesed) 6:4
5. kdU 7:12
6. kDFkhu, 8:4
7. u, 9:13
8. F, 9:15
9. ghu, 11:6; 75:8
10. , 15:2
11. nfU, 18:10
12. khfSila fhf, 18:33
13. g, 19:14
14. L, 22:18
15. kuz U gsjhF, 23:4
16. ckJ brilf Hny, 57:1; 91:4
125
17. uL, 69:11
18. tjf, 69:28; 139:16
19. rWfyhd lf, 73:18
20. JkhfUila bfhf, 75:10
21. nkilf, 78:58
22. uhfh, 89:10
23. rfng, 118:10,11,12
24. _iyF jiyf, 118:22
25. gl bfhf, 118:27
B. egf
1. nridf fj, 24:10
2. baJ, 62 KDiu
3. knty, 83:5
4. bknrnjF, 110:4
X. njr tiuglYs lf
1. nah, 2:6
2. ghrh, 22:12
3. fhnj, 29:8
4. vnkh kiy, 42:6
5. nyh, 78:60
6. jhngh kiy, 89:12
7. ghfhngnah, 106:28
XI. khztfSfhd nff

1. V 2M rj cyfsha, nkahit Fj rj vW fUjgLwJ?
2. rj 18:1-2 trdf njtid FJ tf gagLjgLs btntwhd cUtff
ahit?
3. 19M rjYs uL tifgl btghLfis goaL, sf TWf.
4. fjrd cz 22M rj tgJ vd?
5. 32, 51 rjf tuyhW dia sFf.
6. 38M rj vij FJ brhYwJ vgij cf brhj thijf vGJf.
7. 42:1 Ys cUtfij sFf.
8. 51:11-12 vij FJ ngRwJ vgij sFf.
9. fjUF gagLj vwh vd? 67:7
10. 73M rj thif vj uidia FJ brhygLsJ?
11. 119M rj totikYs nrj mr vd? j bghJthd jiy vd?
12. 139M rj thif vj uidia FJ ilgLwJ?
126
bkhf - mKf
I. jf bga
A. vbua bkh Kj VG trdfns jiyghf UwJ, VHh trd fUbghUshf UwJ.
B. brLtho J ``rhbyhnkh bkhf vW miHfgLwJ.
C. tnfo J ``bkhf jf vW miHfgLwJ.
D. My jiy mashal vw vbua brhUJ tUwJ. `ìj nghUj vgJ j

mjkhF. bkhf a jidia L thrffshf, bgUghY uL tfis
bfhlitahf Uwd.
A. VWbfhsgl vbua ntjhfk J _whtjha ``vGjglit gF UwJ.
B. lhko, ghgh guh 14M, Phd yaf tir rj, nah, bkhf vW brhYwJ.
1. nah jfij vGat nkhnr
2. rj jfij vGat jhJ
3. bkhfis vGat vnrah
C. jdJ PhdJfhf fbgUj rhbyhnkh _W jffis vGdh vW uf brhU

whf:
1. mt isPdhf UjnghJ cdjghL
2. mt ka taddhf UjnghJ bkhf
3. mt taJ KJ frgiljnghJ, ur iy vGdh. j _W jffis
brLtho xwhf izjnghJ, j ghuga br btgLjglJ.
II. vtifglJ
A. bkhf Phd ya xU nrj tifahF.
B. bkhf gntW tiff Uwd (ghf, Clyde Francisco, Introducing the Old Testament, p.
265):
1. tuyhW bkhf - flj fhy fbgwitahf, ugykhditahf Uj bkhf.
nghJ mit ahtU mjitahf MoUwd.
2. cUtf bkhf - it fhafis xL uL t thrffshF:
a. ``nghw vW FL xL thrff
b. Kughil gagLJ thrff
3. Lfij - _isia gagL uhd fhafSF il fLoj
4. ctik bkhf - skhd, mf tufis bfhl xL myJ KugL thrff
5. nghF bkhf - it muR CaJnfh myJ jiyik bghWfhfnth
isPfSF gaf cjahf UF raf.
C. rj jfijnghy bkhfY bjhl ctikf Uwd:

1. xnu bghUSila bjhl ctik - . 8:1
2. Kuirthd bjhl ctik - . 28:1
3. Toizfgl bjhl ctik - . 26:1
127
IV. vGat
A. rj jf jhnjhL izJ brhygLtJnghy, bkhf jf ghugakhf rhbyhnkhndhL

izJ brhygLwJ. rhbyhnkh jdJ PhdJfhf fbgwtdhf Ujh (ghf,
1 uh. 3:12; 4:29-34; 10:1), nkY bkhf1:1; 10:1 kW 25:1 trdf rhbyhnkh bga
FlgLsJ.
B. bkhfS rjfisnghy Mafsh bjhFfgl yhF. vGa gy FlgoU

whf:
1. rhnynkh - 1:1; 10:1; 25:1
2. Phf - 22:17; 24:23
3. MT - 30:1
4. nyKnt - 31:1
C. Ma bjhFig FJ bkhf 25:1 trd fhzyh. ``jh uh#htha vnrah

kD ngbjGd rhbyhnkhDila bkhf vW brhygoUwJ. jF Kghf gy
bkhf thbkhahf tHfgoUfyh.
D. 30, 31M mfhuf khrh kjuh vGjglit. ij FJ bkhbgaghsfilna fUJ

ntWghL fhzgLwJ. gy ed My bkhbgaf ``ghu vW bkhbgafgLsJ.
mbkfh j uRfj rf ij xU l bga vW bkhbgaJsJ. khrh vgJ r
muahUj xU knty uh{akhF (ghf, M. 25:14; 1 ehsh. 1:30).
E. 22:17-24:22 trdf FlgLs Phf thijfSF .K. 1200 vij nrj

``mbknAhbl nghjid vw YF il gy xWikf fhzgLwd. thd
thjJF ghf, John H. Walton, Ancient Israelite Literature in Its Cultural Context, Grand Rapids:
Zondervan, 1990. pp. 192-197.
V. fhy
A. j jf fhyij FJ rj jfYs mnj uid fhzgLwJ. uL

fhyfis eh ghf ntL:
1. jgl bkhf fhy
2. xnu VWbfhsgl jfkhf mit bjhFfgl fhy.
B. gy bkhf rhbyhnkh fhyij nrjit. Fghf, 10:1-22:16 kW 25:1-29:27.
C. 30M mfhuYs MT thijfSF fhij nrj uh huh vGJfSF

il gy xWikf fhzgLwd. it . K. gidjh whil nrjitahF,
D. ntjhfk VWbfhsgl bkhf jfkha 1-29 mfhuf vnrah fhy (.

K. 710-687) bjhFfgld. fil uL mfhufS d nrfgld.
VI. tuyhW d
VII. ya myFf
A. jiy, 1:1-6
B. fUbghU Fj thrf, 1:7
C. Phdij fGj (cUbfhLfgLsJ), 1:8-9:18
128
D. rhbyhnkh bkhf (KugL uiltf), 10:1-22:16
E. Phf thijf (va Phd nghwJ), 22:17-24:22
F. Phf TLjyhd thijf, 24:23-34
G. rhbyhnkh bkhf (fUbghU rhjit), 25:1-29:27
H. MT gf (fl eif yhj xUtDF g), 30:1-33
I. nyKnt thijf (mtDila jhlUJ tjJ), 31:1-9
J. Fzrhahd ia Fj fuJiw ghL, 31:10-31
VIII. Ka raf
A. mofo brhyglhlhY, bkhf xU bjt jgl njtjhd eifia

mogilahf bfhljhF; mt UZo braglh; jgl Rthf thif
bragL tUwh (ghf, 1:7; 3:5-6; 9:10; 14:26-27; 19:23)..
B. gogl ya tif itfis rkiygLJwJ (ghf, vnu. 18:18; vnr. 7:26):
1. ahaukhz (Mrhaf)
2. fjf (fjrd)
J unty tuyhW kW fyhrhuij FjJ my; Mdh jgl unty rnjh,
ebyhGf, btfukhd thif itfis FjjhF.
C. M brtjdhd isPfis muR CaJfhfnth myJ rKjha jiyikJtJfhfnth
gWFgo totikfgoUjJ (ghf, 1:8-9).
D. J mwhl, bratkhd, gagahd thif Fj Vj bgw thijfshF. ij bjf
cz vW Flyh.
E. bkhf ra Fj bghJthd thrff vgij id itUf ntL. it vnghJnk
jgl xUt uidf myJ Niyfis fUbfhL sf bfhLgiy.
A. brhf kW brhbwhlf
1. bkhf (mashal), 1:1
2. Phd (hokmah), 1:2
3. fjUF gagLj, 1:7
4. PhdkhdJ btna W TLwJ, f rjLwJ, 1:20
5. ngijf ... jidfhu ... kpd, 1:22
6. ma bg, 2:17
7. mJ jid miljtfSF tUr, 3:18
8. fjUF mUtUghdt, 3:32; 17:15
9. c Ju CWw #yij ghdgQ, 5:15
10. izgLj, 6:1
11. ngah (belial), 6:12
12. fj jkJ iafSFK tKj vid jkJ t Mahf bfhoUjh, 8:22
13. ghjhsK m fj ghitF uarkhUf, 15:11; 27:20
14. g (Goel), 23:11
15. to, 28:8
129
16. cgnjr tha (massa), 30:1; 31:1
B. Ka egf
1. vnrah kD, 25:1
2. MT, 30:1
3. <na, Cfh, 30:1
4. nyKnt, 31:1
X. njr tiuglYs lf- xWiy
XI. khztfSfhd nff

1. Phdij mit Fj vbua brhfSF ilyhd ntWghL vd?
2. V 1:7 trd Kakhdjhf UwJ?
3. Phd V xU bgzhf cUtfgLjgoUwJ?
4. UZo Phd gF vd? (ghf, 3:19; 8:27)
5. `ùL tfis sFf. (4:10-19).
6. 30:7-9 trdfYs b#gij sFf.
7. 31:10-31 trdf Fzrhahd gfshf FlgoUgit ahit?
130
ur - mKf
I. jf bga
A. ``jh FkhuD vUrny uh#hkha Qoheleth thaf, vW Kj trdnyna

jiy bfhLfgLsJ. rhbyhnkhid Ff 1 uh#hf 8:1 trd nj vbua brh
gagLjgLsJ. J Qahal vw vbua brh bggh gaghlhF. ``rig myJ ``Tl
vgJ j mjkhF.
B. brLtho J y bkh brhyha Ecclesiastes vW miHfgoUwJ. J

``miHj vw ntbrhUJ tU ``TotU xUt vgij Ff gagLjgL nuf
brhyhF.
C. Qoheleth vw brh go mjglyh:

1. xU Tlij TL xUt, mjhtJ Ma, urah, thj brgt vW mjglyh.
2. raij nrfF xUt, jJtPh myJ Phia cUtfahf Ff j brh
gagLjglyh.
A. J Phd yaJF xU vLJfhlhF. J nahitnghy xU jiyig Fj skhd

yhF.
B. J VWbfhsgl vbua ntjhfk _whtJ tha ``vGjglit it nrjjhF.
C. J bkyh myJ `ÌJ RUf vW miHfgl IJ a f xwhF. j f

xbthW xU goif eh thfglJ. ur Tlhu goifnghJ thfglJ.
D. j jf aF mghgl a fhuzkhf kh vw giHikthfsha uf

FGd ij wfJlhf. Mdh by vw jhuhs kndhght bfhl FGd
ij Mjjhf. vUrny F (. . 70-90) wF ij Fj thj bjhljJ.
E. giHa Vgho gy f VWbfhsgLt uid fhzglJ:

1. ur - frzit btgLJtJ, vkiwahdJ, ghuga czF mghglJ
2. cdjghL - ruufhukhd mig cWgLJj
3. vj - njtDila bganuh myJ j Myankh myJ mJ Uj lnkh Flgliy.
4. vnrna - t FL Mya nkhnr MyaJF ntWgoUjJ
5. XusF jhnaYTl - 7-12 mfhuf fhzgL fil fhy Fj fjrdf
F. itf fhuzkhf ur W VWbfhsglJ:

1. mJ rhbyhnkh vGajhf FlgLwJ,
2. ghugaahd Ko fhzgLwJ.
3. J khl mDgtJF cikahdJ. iwUF tj j rKjhad FHgij
btgLJwJ.
II. vtifglJ
A. nah jfijnghy ur YF xLbkhjkhf mjfhz ntL. 12 mfhufY

nfbr tLbkh fhzgLwJ.
B. J njtyhj thifia Fj tLbkhahd ghitahF. ``NaDF nH vgnj Ka
brhbwhluhf UwJ, 1:3, 9, 14; 2:11, 17, 18, 19, 20, 22; 3:16; 4:1, 3, 7, 15; 5:13, 18; 6:1, 5, 12; 7:11; 8:9, 15, 17; 9:3, 6,
9, 11, 13; 10:5; 11:7; 12:2 (31 Kiwf).
131
IV. vGat
A. j jf vGat bga Flgliy.
B. j jf rhbyhnkh vGa _W f xW vW jghuga (Midrash Shir hasherem

Rabbah I, 1, sect. 10) TWwJ:
1. cdjghL - mt s taddhf UjnghJ vGjglJ.
2. bkhf - mt ka taij nrjtdhf UjnghJ vGjglJ.
3. ur - mt Kta frgiljnghJ vGjglJ.
C. rhbyhnkh mtDila Phd, brt, gj fhuzkhf 1-2 mfhufis vGUfyh

vW bjwJ. Mdh mt cikahd vGjhsdhf Uf KoahJ vgjF Ff
fhzgLwd:
1. 1:12 trd uraha eh vUrny untyUF uh#hthUnj vW
FlgLsJ - flj fhy
2. 1:16 trd vdFK vUrnyUj vyhiughY vW brhygLsJ. Mdh
jhJ kLnk rhbyhnkhDF Kghf vUrny uh#hthf Ujh.
3. 4:1-3, 5:8 kW 8:9 trdf MSifia FJ eifHj iy FlgLsJ.
4. rhbyhnkh vw bga jf fhzgliy.
D. rhbyhnkh Mauh vgJ Fj zf thjfSF (ghf, Introduction to the Old

Testament, by C. F. Keil, vol. 1, pp. 516-529).
E. ghgh guh 15M vnrah kjf bkhf, ur, cdjghL fis vGdhf vW
brhYwJ. Mdh mtf j fis bjhFjhf vgnj rahf UF.
F. Qoheleth vgJ xU bgauhfnth myJ glbgauhfnth Ufyh. Mdh itf fhuzkhf mJ
gl bgauhfnt Ufyh:
1. 7:27 kW 12:8 trdf mgo FlgLsJ,
2. J gjia FF xU bggh brhyhF; Mdh Mgh idbrhfis
gagLJwJ.
3. J j jf VG Kiw kLnk fhzgL mtkhd gjkhF.
G. j jf vGat myJ fhya Maiu FF xnu gF 12:9-14 trdfshF.

t xU Phahf, Phdij nghgtuhf Uf ntL.
H. KughLfSF gogl sf bfhLfgLsJ:

1. njtyhj thifia Fj brhf (NaDF nH)
2. ghugakhd j Phd kW mjF vuhd rthf (kh brhYgoahfnt nknfhfshf
bfhLfgLsd)
3. Phdij nghgtU mtUila Mtbfhl staJ khztD, fij brhYgtU
(ciuahl)
4. GJnghd kjDFshd nghuhl (xU thif VL)
5. fhya Maf, vLJfhL 12:9-12 (uria FJ Mftkhd kndhght)
kW 12:13-14 (uria FJ vkiwahd kndhght).
V. fhy
A. ur jf fhyij FJ uL uidf Uwd:

1. vnghJ j jf vGjglJ
2. vnghJ mJ W VWbfhsgl totikig bgwJ.
B. tuyhW d rhbyhnkh fhykhF. Kj uL mfhuf ij fhzyh.
132
C. W tot fhya fhyij RofhLwJ:
1. vbua vGJ eil iwUF tj fhyflij nrjJ. Mdh . K. 400-300F
KijajhF.
a. munka thijfS btghLfS
b. vbua bkh tot
2. . K. 600-400 fhyflij nrj ngnfa Phd ya jF iz
fhzgLwJ.
3. . K. 180 vGjgl bguh vGjha vahof ijFj rh
Ff fhzgLwd.
4. rhfl RUf ur gy a gFf fhzgLwd (4Q). it . K. ulh
whil nrjitahF.
VI. ya myFf
A. j jfJF RUf tiuaiw brhYtJ mf ukkhF. J xU ya gilghf

Ugijl, thif Fghf UwJ. ``f nfhfgl KJf vW miHfgL
uf nghjidF J izahf UwJ. MdhY IagLJ fUbghU yhlhY,
IagLJ fiygf fhzgLwd.
B. Maf nriff Ujd vgJ bjwJ:
1. Jtf, 1:1
2. 1:2 kW 12:8 trdf 1:1 kW 12:9-14 trdf dh nrfglit vgij
fhLwd
3. dh nrfgl 2 Diuf:
a. 12:9-12 (glif brh UwJ)
b. 12:13-14 (ghuga iwa)
C. 1-2 mfhuf ya eilF rhbyhnkhid gWwd vgJ bjthf bjwJ.
D. 3M mfhu khl thif bghJthd mDgtfisFj mjkhd fijahF.
E. va gFF vjhf RUf Fig tiuaiw bra KoahJ!
VII. iwa fhaf
A. j jf VWbfhsgl fnshL nrfgoUgJ njt ghfis, rnjfnjhL

njLgtfis wfgiy vgij fhLtJnghy njhWwJ.
B. Wahd nff nfgJ CFfgoUwJ.
C. ur njt Ugij mDkhwJ. giHa Vgho Rthr XlJFshf J

vGjgoUwJ.
D. ik njtdh tjJ my, kj braf isthF (ghf, 7:29; 9:3).
E. njtDila tfis ma KoahJ. thif mjij fhz kj nghuhl ntoUwJ!
F. kuzJF tU th Fj kurhj fnzhlJ rnjf, njtid KGikahf m

kjDila wid Fj rnjf, vwhY njt Uigstuhf Uwh.
G. nghUF iy cyf ahayhjjhF, bfhûkhdjhf UwJ. go Uf TlhJ!
H. thifia Fj kdiwnthL Uf - mJ njtlUJ tUwJ. mij mDgf ntoa

ntisY lY mDg (2:24)
I. thif mDgtJF bghUjyhj va gf `ìy vgjhF. njtyhj thif

mjyhj iyia eh vnehjh Mf ntL.
133
VIII. Ka raf
A. njtyhj thif mjkwJ vgij fhLtnj Ka nehfkhF. bghUJ

MirbfhL RaiwnthL UgtfSF mPfSF J nghjid fLwJ. jf
eif ehf ur, nah thif btWikia fho, njtid neh
Rofhodhf vW . v. fnuh brhUwh.
B. rnjhK U itf fhzgLwJ (2:24; 3:12-13,22; 5:18-20; 8:15; 9:7-9; 12:13-14):
1. njtJ Rthr itJ, mtUF goj,
2. L kW FLg rnjhf,
3. xUt br ntiy.
C. njtid kuzJF tU thit FJ j jf mdho bfhifia
bfhoUwJ. Wahd cik iyia Fj nffis mJ nffhlhY, nghija
cik iyia Fj nffis nfwJ:
1. jfSF, ghuga iwayhsf thrffYs iHia vLJ brhYwJ (uL
tf).
2. w#hahUF, njtyhj thif thyhd iyia fhLwJ.
3. thifia FJ brhygL va gf vnghJnk jtwhditahfnt Uwd.
RthrYTl UwJ! btgLJj vyhtiw btgLJtiy!
D. iy vGat thifia MuhJ ghf, nrj btghil my, aifahd btghil
gagLJwh. njtDila clgoif bgauha ahnt j jf fhzgliy. vyh
Phd yaij nghy njtDila bghJthd bgauha Vnyh gagLjgLsJ.
E. j jf thif btia bfhLF bkhf iy rkiygLJwJ. thifY,
aifY, kjY, njtY fhzgLwJ. jfhd wnfh m my, Rthr
UwJ. cilikf my FLg, kj my njt UwJ. thif va
gf: FLg, ntiy, egf. cz j thif rnjhij bfhLwJ. mLj
thif uhdjhf UwJ, Mdh njt mnf Uwh!
A. brhf kW brhbwhlf
1. vyh khia 1:2
2. NaDF nH 1:3
3. mf Phdny mf rL 1:18
4. MY mtfbsyhUF xnujkh rgwJ vW fnl 2:14
5. cyfij mtf csny itUwh 3:11
6. njt mtfis nrhwhbuW . . . 3:18
7. ...UwjhUila iyikiaghY D wthjtDila iyikna th... 4:2-3
8. njtDF gaU 5:7
9. gza gzdh Uailtiy 5:10
10. d khdhuhnj, cid mf Phkhfhnj 7:16
11. gLFia btLwt mny Gth 10:8
12. c Mfhuij jfnk nghL; mnef ehfSF m gyid fhgh 11:1
B. Ka egf
1. ur 1:1
2. fhtyhf 12:3-4
134
3. xnu nkg 12:11
4. v kf 12:12.
X. njr tiuglYs lf- xWiy
XI. khztfSfhd nff

1. j jf bghJthd nehf vd?
2. Kj uL mfhufSF rhbyhnkh ya eilF ilyhd bjhl vd?
3. kj vgo Uffis nghy khWgL Uwh? 3:12-22
4. ekh njtid ma Kokh?
5. rnjhij vnf fLof Ko?
6. j jf ahUF vGjgoUwJ, V?
135
cdjghL - mKf
I. jf bga
A. giHa Vgho kiwa jffisnghy j jfK mj Kj y thijf mogilyhd

bgaiu bfhoUjJ. vbua bkh ``rhbyhnkh cdjghL vgnj Kj y thijfshf
Uwd. J vbua bkh nkikia FF brhyhF. muRyhd nerghlf J
cdjkhdJ vgijna J FwJ.
B. tnfo ij ``Wghlf vW miHwhf (canticum canticorum).
A. j jf mrhjhuzkhd cslf fhuzkhf J VWbfhsgLt uidf

fhzgld:
1. giHikthfshd kh uf FG ij vjJ.
2. jhuhs kndhght bfhl by uf FG ij cWgLaJ.
3. . . 90 #hah elj ff mnghJ ij FJ thfgL,
nfbaGgglJ.
4. u mgh (mgh) jiyik J W VWbfhsglJ. mt j jfij
FJ `ùntYF cdjghL bfhLfgl ehisnghy cybfY ks eh
ntbwJ iy. Vbdwh vGjgl kwit gRjkhf Uj, Mdh cdjghL kfh
gRjkhdjhf UwJ vW brhUwh.
B. VWbfhsgl vbua ntjhfk vGjglit J bkyh myJ `ÌJ RUf

vW miHfgl IJ a f KjyhtjhF. j f xbthW xU goif eh
thfglJ. cdjghL gfh goifnghJ thfglJ.
1. cdjghL - gfh goif
2. % - bgbjbfhnj
3. ur - Tlhugoif
4. vj - goif
5. yg - vUrny , rhbyhnkh Mya mfgLj
C. VWbfhsgl vbua ntjhfk cdjghL, rj, bkhf, nahF mLjjhf, %,

yg, ur, vj fSF Kghf itfglJ. ekJ ntjhfk brLtho tiria
gWwJ.
II. vtifglJ
A. j YF mjfhQt J vtifglJ vgnj KakhdjhF. M vGat

nehfij mt J vtifglJ vgJ KakhF. j jf KGtJkhf fij
vGjgoUwJ.
B. y bfhiff:
1. j cUtf - njt untJ mbfhl mogil j jf j tuyhiw
twJ vW dh, lhk, lhf vyhnk cWgLJwd. unt ahnt
kzthoahf UwJ (ghf, ah. 34:15-16; ny. 17:7; 20:5-6; v. 14:33).
2. jt cUtf - j J m mogil rigia FJ twJ vW
M#, b#nuh, mjnda, mfo, jhk mdh, Yj vnyhU cWgLU
whf. vnga 5:21-31 trdf jF izahf FlgLwd.
136
3. ghugakhd Ukz ghlf - j jfJF . K. 600I nrj a ner fijfSF
il mfkhd xWik fhzgLwJ. kztho, kzthsD xUtiubahUt fGwhf.
xUtiubahUt uh#h kW uh vW miHJbfhSwhf. va ner ghlf
negt rnfhj vW miHfgLwh (4:9-10,12; 5:1-2). ciks khl mig nghW
gogl ghlf uhjd ka H eF magoUjd.
4. ehlf
a. j jf gy eoff eofToa ehlfkhf UwJ:
(1) uh#h,
(2) tlfa uhkJ bg,
(3) tlfa cq ner,
(4) nrJ ghLj (vUrny Fkhuf).
b. Kjyh mfhuUJ ehlfJF vLJfhLfis Twyh:
(1) tr. 2-4M, kztho
(2) tr. 4-c, nrJ ghLj (ghf, 2:7; 3:6-11; 5:9; 6:1,13; 8:5,8)
(3) tr. 5-7, kztho
(4) tr. 8, nrJ ghLj
(5) tr. 9-10, kzths
(6) tr. 11, nrJghLj
(7) tr. 12-14, kztho
(8) tr. 15, kzths
(9) tr. 16-17, kztho
c. tlfa ner Fj bfhif itfis mogilahf bfhlJ:
(1) ner MLfis bjhlJ brY nkg vW miHfgLwh.
(2) j jf vUrny my, tl KowJ.
(3) mju FiwbrhygLwJ, 6:8-9.
d. nuf ifbaGJ uahd Sinaiticus kztho kW kzthsid FF xbthU
jiyF j jiyig bfhoUwJ.
5. ctikfij - j bfhif thijF thij mjbfhStij, cUtfkhf mj
bfhStij izJ brhYwJ. J khl ghYz rnjhij, xU jhu
Ukz cwit ukhf vLJbfhSwJ. vwhY J untnyhL bjhlila mj
Ugij fhwJ.
6. thijF thij mgona mjfhgJ - J njtdh bfhLfgl khl ghYw
Fj mrfis cWgLJwJ. J jf thijfis mgona vLJbfhSwJ.
mj fhQj mnahah FGit nrj nkhRtahit nrj anlh j fUij
btgLUwh.
C. j jf Phd yaJF f wj vLJfhlhf uhlhY, J isPfSF
gWFgo bragoUfyh. J xU jhu Ukzij Fj ebyhGf mrij
tWJwJ. bghUjkhd ntis, bghUjkhd egnuhL ghYw bfhSt gRjij,
mHif J btgLJwJ.
IV. vGat
A. vnrah mtDila kjU j jfij vGdhf vW ghgh guh 15m brhYwJ.

vGdhf vwh rbrjhf, bjhFjhf vW mjglyh (ghf, . 25:1).
B. j jf rhbyhnkh vGa jf vW jghuga TWwJ:
1. mtDila bga 1:1,5; 3:7, 9, 11; 8:11, 12 trdf tUwJ.
2. `ùh#h vw brh 1:4, 12; 7:5 trdf tUwJ.
3. 1:9 trd va gfis (Fiuf) FJ FlgLsJ. J rhbyhnkh
MSifF bghUjkhdjhf UwJ (ghf, 1 uh. 10:28).
137
4. aahf ghyd, ah, mugh cgl nahjhDF mwYs lf itfis
Ma FoUwh. J rhbyhnkh uh#h a viyfis ugwJ.
5. rhbyhnkh jdJ sta fhj ghlfis (cdjghL), ka ta bkhfis
(bkhf), Kta vyh fhaf khiaia FJ (ur) vGdh vW
uf brhYwhf.
C. rhbyhnkh vGjiy vgjF Mjuthd y fhuzf:
1. rhbyhnkh cdjghL vw jiyF go mj bfhsyh:
a. rhbyhnkhdh vGjglJ,
b. rhbyhnkhDF vGjglJ,
c. rhbyhnkhid FJ vGjglJ,
d. rhbyhnkh eh vGjglJ,
e. rhbyhnkh eilgo vGjglJ.
2. j jf vUrny mju my tlfa unt KotilwJ (7:10-13).
3. xU jhu ghYw eikia, cdjij, rnjhij j jf cWgLJwJ.
mJ rhbyhnkh thifF bghUjkhdjhf iy.
4. rhbyhnkh ur 1-2 mfhufSF ya eilia bfhLjJnghy cdjghL YF
bfhLUfyh (E. J. Young, An Introduction to the Old Testament, p. 268).
V. fhy
A. giHa Vgho gy Phd ya jfij nghy U fhaf mogil fhy fzl

gLwJ:
1. M tuyhWtkhf vGjglJ
2. VWbfhsgl tir njhW eh kW tot.
B. tuyhW d:
1. rhbyhnkh eh:
a. mfkhd kidfis kzJbfhS uh#h mfhu,
b. nrJ ghL mju bgf,
c. gutyhd a lfis Fj m (Uff kW jhtufis Fj m).
d. vUrny rkhahF Kghf unt jiyefuhf Uj rhF izahf
FlgLsJ (c), 6:4.
2. jf W tot:
a. fhya vbua bkh gagLjgl bggh bjhl brh (ghf, 1:12; 2:7)
b. munka kW nuf bkhUJ fltha brhf gaghL
(1) guR
(2) njhl
(3) kr
(4) gLif
C. jnghija zfilna fUJ ntWghL fhzgLwJ:
1. . n#. v - rhbyhnkh eh
2. l. v~. Miu - . K. Ijh -ehfh whL.
3. M. nf. Ahr - W tot iwUF rnw K bfhLfglJ.
138
VI. ya myFf
A. j jfij FJ gy fodkhd mrf fhzgLwd. xU Iakhd fUbghUS,

nehfK Uwjh myJ J fhj fijf bjhF kLkh vw rnjf vGwJ.
B. xU Iakhd fUbghU mogil fl gFfSF mjfhgJ fodkhF:
1. 2:15 3. 8:5
2. 5:7 4. 8:8-9
C. xU Iakhd fUbghU mogil j jfJF mj fhgjF xnu t _W
egfis nfhuir bfhl xU ehlf fhia cUthbfhStJjh:
1. uh#h
2. xU tlfa uhkJ bg
3. xU tlfa uhkJ ner
4. nfhurhf mju bgf
D. vj jfijnghy j jfY njtDila ehk Flgliy (8:6 trd
mbkf uRfj rf bkhbga mjH vnw FlgLsJ).
VII. Ka raf
A. khl ghYw gRjK, mHF cWgLjgoUwJ, 8:6-7. fl fhaf

fhuzkhf J njitahd xwhf UwJ: (1) jh ghYwahd ghtK mt FLg mj
is. (2) rhbyhnkh ma ehL kidf kW mtfSila rkaf fhuzkhf
mt jdJ Kta ufhuhjidF l bfhLj.
nuf uil iy rka bfhif fhuzkhf J W mtakhf UwJ. MFa
jikF Jwiy mtaiy; rhuhr ru ikahf Ufiy.
B. gy j jfij, njt fzt, unt kid vw giHa VghL xjcw mogil
fhwhf (mjhtJ, Xah 1-3 mfhu kW ahuhfk Fj uf mj).
C. vj tifglJ, ikakhd nehf vJ vgitfis tiuaiw brt fod fhzgLtjh,
bfhifahf mjfhg ftdkhf Uf ntoUwJ.
D. j jf rkaufhukhd myJ nja fUbghUis Fj vj F fhzgliy.
J VWbfhsgl xU ntjhfk jfJF mrhjhuzkhdjhf UwJ.
A. brhf kW brhbwhlf
1. btisnghs 1:13; 3:6; 4:6,14; 5:1,5,13
2. Wef, 2:15
3. uhfhy ga, 3:8
4. uh#f...kWkidahof, 6:8,9
5. jhp gH, 7:13
6. Kiu, 8:6
7. mt xU k, 8:9 (4:12)
B. Ka egf
1. uh#h, 1:4b, 12
2. eh fWghUjhY mHfhUnw, 1:5
3. c kijia vnf nkJ..., 1:7
139
4. eh rhnuh nuh#h, gsjhFf ZgKkhUnw, 2:1
5. vUrny Fkhuf, 2:7
6. fhtyhs, 3:3; 5:7
7. Nyna, 6:13
X. njr tiuglYs lf
1. vnf, 1:14
2. rhnuh, 2:1
3. gndh, 4:8
4. vnkh kiy, 4:8
5. rh, 6:4
6. nyah, 6:5 (nyah kiy, 4:1)
7. jkF, 7:4
8. fnk kiy, 7:5
XI. khztfSfhd nff

1. V j jf VWbfhsgl jfkhf nrfgoUwJ?
2. jf j jfJF vgo Kakhf mjflhf? V?
3. J vgogl ya tifahF? J vgo ntWghil cLgQwJ?
4. V njtDila bganuh myJ unt tuyhnwh j jf Rofhlgliy?
5. j jf Iakhd fUbghU fhzgLwjh?
6. vUrny Fkhuf ah?
7. j fij eilbgW gntW lfis goaLf.
140
giHa VghL fjrd - mKf
I. KDiu
A. Jtf thrff:
1. fjrdJF vgo mjfhgJ vgJ FJ Rthr rKjhadilna fUJ ntWghL
fhzgLwJ. kw rafis FJ xU giHikthj KoF tUjhY, whL
fhykhf jF vj Ko vlgliy.
2. giHa VghL fjrd gy eF tiuaiwbragl flf Uwd:
a. murhSifF Kija fhy:
(1) fjf vW miHfgl jgltf
(a) Mufh - M. 20:7
(b) nkhnr - v. 12:6-8; cgh. 18:15; 34:10
(c) Mnuh - ah. 7:1 (nkhnrfhf ngat)
(d) ah - ah. 15:20
(e) vjh, nkjh - v. 11:24-30
(f) bjbghuh - ah. 4:4
(g) bgayhj - ah. 6:7-10
(h) rhKnt - 1 rhK. 3:20
(2) xU FGthf fjfis Fj F - cgh. 13:1-5; 18:20-22
(3) fjf Tl - 1 rhK. 10:5-13; 19:20; 1 uh. 20:35,41; 22:6,10- 13; 2 uh. 2:3,7; 4:1,38;
5:22; 6:1, nghwit.
(4) fj vW miHfgL nkah - cgh. 18:15-18
b. vGjhj fjf (uh#hl ngRwhf):
(1) fh - 1 rhK. 22:5; 2 rhK. 24:11; 1 ehsh. 29:29
(2) ehjh - 2 rhK. 7:2; 12:25; 1 uh. 1:22
(3) mah - 1 uh. 11:29
(4) baT - 1 uh. 16:1,7,12
(5) bga Flgliy - 1 uh. 18:4,13; 20:13,22
(6) vah - 1 uh. 18-2 uh. 2
(7) fhah - 1 uh. 22
(8) vrh - 2 uh. 2:8,13
c. vGitj fj (tf uh#hl kL kflK ngRwhf): - Vrhah -
kah (jhna ju)
B. ntjhfk brhf
1. Roeh = PhdZofhu, 1 rhK. 9:9. Nabi vw brh Vgl khwfis eh ghnwh.
Roeh vw bghJthd brhYF ghgJ vgJ mjkhF. j eg njtDila tfis,
lfis JbfhoUjgoah, xU fhaij Fj njtDila jij mgo
tiu fyjhnyhjhf.
2. Hozeh = PhdUZofhu, 2 rhK. 24:11. J mogil Roeh F izahd brhyhF.
``ghgJ vgJ j ntbrhyhF. fjfis Ff j brh gagLjglJ
3. Nabi = fj, mfhoa idbrhyha Nabu vw brhUJ tjJ. miHj
vgJ j mjkhF. mua bkh Nabaa = mj. xU fjia Ff J
mfkhf ntjhfk gagLjgLsJ. 300 KiwfSF nk J gagLjgoUwJ.
Mnuh _ykhf nkhnr ghnthDl ngRtJ Fj fj t_y ij rahf
JbfhSnwh (ghf, ah. 4:10-16; 7:1; cgh. 5:5. fj vgt njtDfhf mtUila
kfl ngRwh (Mnkh 3:8; vnu. 1:7,17; vnr. 3:4.)
4. 1 rhK. 29:29 trd fj bghWig Ff _W brhfS gagLjgLsd;
rhKnt - Roeh; ehjh - Nabi fh - Hozeh.
5. ish ha - elohim, vw brhbwhlUF njtkD, vgJ mjkhF. njtDfhf
141
ngRgtiu J FwJ. giHa Vgho j brh ``fj vw cz 76 Kiw
gagLjgLsJ.
6. fj vg My brhyha prophet nuf bkhUJ tjJ: (1) pro = Kdh
myJ xUtUfhf; (2) phemi = ngRj.
II. fjrd vgjfhd sf
A. vbua bkh fjrd vw brh Dkf rhykhd mj gagLjgLsJ.

nahRth Kj uh#hf tiuyhd tuyhW f (% ju) jfsh ``Kija fjf
vW miHfgLwd. MufhK (M. 20:7; r. 105:5), nkhnr (cgh. 18:18)fjf vW
FlgLwhf (ahKTl, ah. 15:20)
B. fjrd vgJ njtDila frid, njtDila nehf kW njtDila gbfL
mogil tuyhiw JbfhStJ vW tiuaiw bra Ko, Interpreters Dictionary of the
Bible, vol. 3, p. 896.
C. fj xU jJtPh my, Kiwrhj iwayhsU my, mt clgoif

kajuhf Uwh. njtDila kf nghij iyia gL, mtfSila tUfhyij
totikFgoahf njtDila thijia mtfSF mwh, Encyclopedia Judaica vol. 13 p.
1152.
III. fjrd nehf

A. fjrd vgJ njt jkJ kfnshL ngR xU tahF; mtfSila nghija iy mt
telJjiy bfhLwh; jh mtfSila thifia cyf ffis fLgLJtJ
Fj eifia bfhLwh. mtfSila br bgUghY xLbkhj kfSFajhF.
foJbfhSgo, CFFgo, Rthrij kdUjiy Lgo, jik
FJ jkJ lfisFJ jkJ kfSF mFgo J bfhLfgLwJ. njt
jkfhf ngr xUtiu bjbjLUwh vgij cWgLj mofo J gagLjgLwJ
(cgh. 13:1-3; 18:20-22). Wahf J nkahitna RofhLwJ.
B. bgUghY, xU fj jdJ ehf xU tuyhW myJ iwaahd fiy
vLJbfhL fil fhy d mj sfij bfhLwh. tuyhiw Fj j
W fhy ghit untYF jwghdjhF; mtf njtdh bjbjLfgoUg
mogilY, clgoif thFjjfis bgUg mogilY J czugLwJ.
C. xU fj gj (vnu. 18:18) njtDila jij mt ujhd Mrha gjia
rkiygLJwJ; mj lij vLJbfhSwJ. C kW JKF gyhf njtDfhf
ngRgt thijfSF KaJt bfhLfgLwJ. kahF wF unt fj
bghW kiwJlJnghy njhWwJ. Mdh 400 MLfSF wF nahthehd mLj
fjahf tUwh. a VghoYs ``fjrd tu vgo giHa VghL fjrdnjhL
bghUtUwJ vgij rakhf Tw KoahJ. a VghL fjf (mnghjy 11:27-
28; 13:1; 14:29,32,37; 15:32; 1 bfh. 12:10,28-29; vng. 4:11) ntjtrdfis FJ a btghil
bfhLfiy. clgoif Niyf njtDila jij Kdgtfshf mtf
Ujhf.
D. fjrd vgJ vnghJnk tUfhyij Kdf ntL vgiy. Kdj vgJ
mtUila gjia, bria cWgLJtJ vwhY ij ftf ntL: giHa
VghL fjrd 2 rjjJF Fiwthdnj nkahit FjjhF. 5 rjjJF
Fiwthditna cik a clgoif fhyij FJ nrkhf twd. 1
rjjJF Fiwthfnt tunghF ffis Fjitahf Uwd. (Fee & Stuart, How to
Read the Bible For All Its Worth, p. 166)
E. Mrhaf kfis njtDF uJt br ntis, fjf njtid kfSF
uJt brwhf. J xU bghJthd thrfkhF. njtl nf nfF MgT nghwtf
yfhf Uwhf.
142
F. fjf jff vgo totikfgoUwd vgij eh mahjJ mtfis J
bfhStJ ekF fodkhf UgjF fhuzkhF. it ehtirgo bfhLfgliy. it
fUbghU rhjitahf njhdhY vnghJ mgoUgiy. bgUghY bjthd tuyhW
dnah, fhy msnth myJ fjrdfSF ilna bjthd gFngh Ugiy. 1)
j jffis xnu ntis thJ KogJ, 2) jiythahf F vLgJ, 3) xbthU njt
thY ika ra myJ vGat nehfij fLogJ it fodkhfnt Uwd.
IV. fjrd gf
A. giHa Vgho ``fj kW ``fjrd vw fUJgot tsia eh fhnwh.

Jtffhy unt fjf Tl tsbgwJ; vah, vrh nghw tyikahd
jiytf mtfis teldhf. y ntisf j Tlij Fl ``fjf
u vw brhbwhl gagLjgoUwJ (2 uh. 2). mtf rblW fjrd brhy
Toatfshf Ujhf (1 rhK. 10:10-13; 19:18-24).
B. Mdh j fhyfl Jjkhf KoF tJ, jgl fjf cUthdhf. j fjf
(cikahdtfS, bghahdtfS) uh#hnthL jfis xUKfgLbfhL, mukid
thjhf (fh, ehjh). y unt rKjhanjhL bjhlyhk jgltfshf
Ujhf (Mnkh). MfS bgfS fjfshf Ujhf (2 hh. 22:14). .
C. fj bgUghY kj cldo brbfhLj mogil tUfhyij
btgLJwtuhf Ujh. bgUghY njt jkJ UZofSfhf bfhoUF cyfsha
lij btgLJtJ fjf gahf UjJ; jF kj g njitgliy.
uhjd ka HF fjf eLnt cyfsha filfhy l btghL jw
bgwjhf UjJ. KdjY, clgoifF cikstfshf UFgo mjY
fjrd brf uL Ka mrfshf Ujd (ghf, Fee and Stuart, p. 150). mjhtJ
fjf jf ika ghit xWgltfshfnt Ujhf. mtf njrJF kLnk
brbfhLgtfshf uhlhY, bgUghY njrJF brbfhLjhf.
D. bgUghyhd fjrd brf thbkhahfnt bfhLfgld. wF mit fUbghU
mogilnyh myJ ehtirnyh myJ eh mahj ka HF ya xGFf
mogilnyh bjhFfgld. J thbkhahf bfhLfglgoah ciueil totikig
bgUfiy. jfhuzkhf jfij KGikahf thgJ, xU ltlkhd tuyhW
d yhk JbfhStJ fodkhf UwJ.
E. ff jf brfis bfhLgjF gy khfis gWwhf:
1. kw fh - njt jkJ kfis kwJF GJ brYwh. bgUhghY J
thfuJ tHfhf UwJ; ahnt jkJ kidia (unt) mtSila JnuhfJfhf
wfwh (Xah 4; fh 6).
2. knjh yg - j br nrj jik, `Ìnah vw brhY j jJtij
fhLwd (Vrhah 5; MgT 2).
3. clgoif Mthjij mj - clgoif gjidFgl a
tWjgLwJ; tUfhyJfhf j Mftkhd kW vkiwahd isf
KdfgLwd (cgh. 27- 28).
V. bkahd fjia cWgLJgo ntjhfkahd jFf
A. cghfk 13:1-5 (Kdf/milahsf)
B. cghfk 18:9-22 (bghahd fjf/cikahd fjf)
C. knj 7 (thif Kiw)
D. 1 nahth 4:1-6 (Kakhd ghit)
143
E. MfS bgfS fjahf fjfshf miHfgLwhf
1. ah - ah. 15
2. bjbghuh - ah. 4:4-6
3. cjh - 2 uh. 22:14-20; 2 ehsh. 34:22-28
F. RYUj ehLf fjf mtfSila FbrhYjiy itJ cWgLjglhf.
Mdh unt j njfSF Mshdhf:
1. iwa nj - fjUila ehk
2. tuyhW nj - f rahf Kdj.
VI. fjrdJF mjfhgjfhd tKiwf
A. xbthU fjrd br tuyhW dia, ya dia ftJ M

fj myJ Ma nehfij fLof. bgUghY mJ VnjD xU tif
unty nkhnr clgoifia Wtjhf UF.
B. xU gFia my, KG bria thJ, mjfhQf. cslfJF Vwgo mjF tiuaiw
brf. Rs brfnshL mj bjhlig Muhf. KG jfJF RUf jahf
KaYf.
C. mj gFYs VnjD F mJ cUtfahdJ vW Rofhlhlh, thijF thij
mjfhQf. cUtf bkhahf UFkhdh mij ciueilahf khWf.
D. tuyhWd kW izahd gFf mogil milahsahd brafis MuhJ
ghUf. j uhjd ka HF ya nkfa ya myJ ed ya my
vgij id itUf.
E. Kdfis ftdkhf ifahSf:
1. it vGat ehfSF kLnk cadth?
2. unt tuyh it wF iwntdth?
3. it tUfhy ffis Fwdth?
4. it rkfhy iwit bgWkh myJ tUfhy iwit bgWkh?
5. ed fhy Maf my, ntjhfk Mafns cf gfSF telj lbfhLf.
F. nrj fridf
1. j KdnghL bjhlJ gjidnahL brrhgJ FlgoUwjh?
2. ahUF j fjrd bfhLfgoUwJ vgJ rakh? V?
3. ntjhfkahfnth kW/myJ tuyhWtkhfnth gyKiw iwntWjYfhd rhaTW
Uwjh?
4. Mahdt Vjiybgw a VghL vGjhsfsh giHa Vgho ekh fhz Koahj
gy lf nkahit fhz KojJ. mtf thij uij gagLJtJnghy
njhWwJ. eh Vtgouhjgoah j mQFKiw wf ntlh.
VII. cjfukhd f
A. A Guide to Biblical Prophecy - Carl E. Armerding and W. Ward Gasque
B. How to Read the Bible for All It Is Worth - Gordon Fee and Douglas Stuart
C. My Servants the Prophets - Edward J. Young
D. The Expositors Bible Commentary, vol. 6 Isaiah - Ezekiel, Zondervan
E. The Prophecies of Isaiah - J. A. Alexander, 1976, Zondervan
F. Exposition of Isaiah - H. C. Leupold, 1971, Baker
G. A Study Guide Commentary, Isaiah by D. David Garland, 1978, Zondervan
144
Vrhah - mKf
I. Jtf thrff
A. kw fjfisl Vrhah a Vgho mfkhf nknfhshf FlgLwh (411 KiwF
nkyhf). mtUila br itfis FjJ:
1. xnu njt
2. xnu cyf
3. xnu Rthr.
B. Vrhah mjjkhf nkahitFJ mgtuhf Uwh:
1. nrj isf, mfhu 7-14,
2. jhrDFa ghlf, mfhu 42:1-9; 49:1-7; 50:4-11; 52:13-53:12,
3. tUfhya nkah uh{a (J f), mfhu 56-66
C. E. J. Young, jdJ An Introduction to the Old Testament, go brhUwh:
1. Vrhah jf giHa VghL fjrdf f nkikahdJ vW rahfnt
ffgoUwJ g. 168.
2. unt vyh fjfisl Vrhah njtDila ijia fhyfSfhd mtUila
lij KGikahf JbfhoUjh g. 171
3. giHa Vgho mtUila MFa csit vtU riy g. 172
II. jf bga
A. fjrdij mjt bga j jf miHfgLwJ.
B. `àhnt u myJ `àhnt uwh vgJ j bga mjkhF. iah vW Ko
vj brhY ahnt RUfkhF.
III. mfhutkhf ntjhfk VWbfhsgLj

A. fhya fjf ehF RUf J KjyhtjhF:
1. Vrhah
2. vnuah
3. vnrna
4. gUt (a fjf)
B. J Jtfnyna KGikahf unty gRj vGJf xwhf VWbfhsglJ.
IV. vtifglJ
A. Vrhah vGJ w vyh giHa VghL fjfis ajhf UwJ. mtUila
thij ufS, fij khik iwjitahf Uwd. j jf bgUghY
fij to UwJ.
B. Vrhah KGtij xnu ntis thgJ fodkhF. j jfJF RUf tiuaiw brtJ
fodkhF. Vbdwh Vrhah xU vGjhsnuh myJ Manuh my mt xU urahth.
mtuh ngrgl brf jf bfhLfgLsd. y ntisf it itf _ykhf
izfgoUwd:
1. fUbghU _ykhf
2. ehtir_ykhf
3. uhjd ka H fyhrhu gf_ykhf (J ekJ fyhrhu gfUJ
ntWgljhF).
145
IV. vGat
A. vGat Fj j fnzhl:
1. lhko ghgh guh 15m vnrah mtDila kjU Vrhah, bkhf, ur, cdjghL
fis vGdhf (mjhtJ, rbrjhf myJ bjhFjhf) vW brhYwJ. KG
jfK fj vGajhF vW J RofhLwJ.
2. bg uh . K. 185 vGjgl vahof 49:17-25 trdf Mnkh Fkhudha
Vrhah, iy vGdh vW FoUwh (1:1; 12:1; 13:1).
3. 2 ehshfk 32:32 trd Vrhah jrdij, jF izahf uh#hf jfYs
gFia (2 uh. 18:19-20:19) cWgLJwJ.
a. vUrny brtjuhd uf FLgij nrjt Vrhah. cah uh#h rnfhj
kfdhf Ufyh.
(1) Vrhah vw bga WYs iah, vw brh ahnt vg RUfkhF; jh
mur Fyduh jgl Kiw J gagLjglJ.
(2) Vrhahth f vjhf muritF bry KojJ. mJ FLg bjhl fhuzkhf
Ufyh.
(3) ghf, lhk, Meg. 10b
b. fjahdtis kzJbfhlh (8:3)
(1) KjFkhu bga, a-#h], vgjhF ahUgtf Uthf
vgJ j mjkhF.
(2) ulhtJ Fkhu bga, knf-rhyh-mZ-gh (8:3) vgjhF. M
bfhis bfhLnghfgL vgJ j mjkhF.
c. Vrhah giHa VghL fjf l fhy Cabrj xUtuhf Uwh. t
jh nahjh MSifUJ (. K. 742-735) vnrah MSif tiu (. K. 715-
687) Ca brUfyh. kdhnr MSifYTl (. K. 687-642) t UUfyh.
kdhnr . K. 696UJ cl MSifbrUfyh.
d. 2 ehsh. 26:22 trd Vrhahit FLkhdh, Vrhah mfhutkhd muR vGjuhf,
mur gntLf fhghsuhf UUfyh.
e. t kdhnr MSif fhy ugjh ulhf btlgL, bfhiybraglh
vW ghuga TWwJ.
4. . . 110I nrj nkhr bg rhKnt bffhoyh Vrhah 1-39 tiuyhd mfhufis
vGdh vW, 40-66 mfhuf ulhtJ Mya fhyY (bga fhyfl . K. 538-
430) vGjgld vW brhUwh.
5. bg vwh (. . 1092-1167) bffhoyhit g, 40-66 mfhuf Vrhahth vGjgliy
vW brhUwh.
B. vGat Fj ed mPf fnzhl
1. ij Fj tuyhW RUf j fhzgLwJ: R. K. Harrison vGa Introduction to
the Old Testament, Eerdmans, 1969.
2. vGatf Ut Ujhf vgij cWgLJ fhuzfis Fj thjij j
fhzyh: S. R. Drivers vGa Introduction to the Literature of the Old Testament, kWg,
1972.
3. mfhuf 1-39 kW 40-66 mfhufSF il UFgoahf vj vbua myJ
nuf (brLth) ifbaGJ u fhliy.
a. rhfl RUf 33M mfhuJF wF uL t l lgLsJ. J 39M
mfhu my, j l Ufyh vgij fhLwJ.
b. 1-33 kW 34-66 mfhufSF il izahd totik Ugij eh fhzyh.
j uil totik vGat brhj fhy kW tUfhyij mogilahf
bfhoUfyh. vbua fjfis bghUjtiu (ghf, vnrna, jhna,
rfah) J bghJthf fhzgLwJ.
4. vjid ng vGdhf, vj l gJ vgJ FJ ed mPfilna vj
fUbjhWik fhzgliy.
146
C. Vrhah IakhdJ vgjF y fhuzf
1. Vrhah uL gFfY giHa Vgho ntW vF fhzglhj 25 gjf fhzgLwd
(NIV, Intro. to Isaiah, p. 1014).
2. unt gRj vw brhbwhl 1-39 mfhuf 13 KiwfS, 40-66 mfhuf 14
KiwfS tUwJ; Mdh kw giHa VghL f MW Kiw kLnk tUwJ.
3. naR, nahth 12:38,40 trdf Vrhah 53:1 kW 6:10 trdUJ nknfhis vLJ
brh uLnk Vrhah brhdjhf FoUwh.
4. Vrhah 40-66 mfhufis nrj gy gFf Vrhahth vGjgld vW j ntjhfk
gFf FlgLsJ: k. 3:3; 8:17; 12:17; fh 3:4; 4:17; nahth 1:23; mnghjy 8:28
nuhk 10:16-20
5. 39M mfhu UwJ vW FL vj ifbaGJ u iy (MT; DSS).
6. 6M who kbwhU Vrhah Ujh vgij FJ vj tuyhW F iy. M.
nf. Ahr jdJ Introduction to the Old Testament, go FLwh:
gbjhgjh who W ya eil Fj thjf eilKiw Ujd.
Mdh nghJ uhjd ka HF bkhfis FJ eh Dkfkhf mUwgoah
it KaJtij HJld. ya M Fj uh~-btAhr bfhifia
gWwtf ntjhfk vGjhsfis bghUjtiu eil vj KughL
fhzgliy vW brhYwhf. xUtuh vGjglitfis ftdkhf MuhnghJ
mtUila ya eil FJ eh mJbfhs Ko. Mdh j mogil xU gF xnu
Mauh vGjgljy vW wff KoahJ vw KoF mtf tUwhf g. 776
D. Vrhah iy gy vGUfyh vW brhYtjF y fhuzf:
1. 40-66 mfhuf Vrhah vw bga Flgliy.
2. 40-66 mfhuf Vrhah tuyhW dF bghUtuiy.
3. Vrhah itfis FLt fy fhzgLtJnghy njhWwJ:
a. mah Mu, iwU, mtf aha
b. ghnyh Mu, iwU, mtf aha.
4. gy vGUfyh vW brhYtjF y fhuzf Uwd:
a. tuyhW d khw
(1) MuF Kdh jh, 1-39
(2) iwU, 40-55
(3) iwUF d jh, 56-66
(4) Vrhah 1-39 mfhuf Mya xUnghJ HhJ vW Flgl ntis 40-
66 mfhuf mJ Vbfdnt GUwJ. vGat iwU UgJnghy
njhWwJ.
b. njtdh bjJbfhsgltfis Fl btntwhd gjf:
(1) nkah FHij
(2) ghLgL jhr
(3) unt goahf -:
(a) kid (50:1)
(b) fjUila Cafhu (54:17)
5. nghija giHikthj mPf:
a. . n#. v 56-66 mfhufis FJ go TWwh: Mahdtuh teljgl
xU Ma nj gF mogil fUbghUf mogil Vrhah Tlij
nrj gntW fjf fjrdfis bjhFUfyh g. 188
b. . M. nf. Ah go FoUwh: kw fjrd vGJfisnghy skhd
Vrhah gy ntisf bfhLfgl brf ulhf Ufyh. kw bga giHa
VghL fjrdfisnghynt J fUjgoUfyh. goUFnghJ xU
Ma gil fhy btntwhd flf vGjglitfis xnu eil myJ
ya btghL vg mogil Muha KoahJ. j fjrd Kj
tha J xU uL vgjF Mjhukhf UwJ. Mnkh Fkhudha Vrhah cah,
nahjh, Mfh kW vnrah fhyf jhit FJ vUrnyik FJ
147
fl jrdf j uo bfhLfgLsd. kw uLfisnghynt J
ilj fjrd brf kW urff bjhF vgJ bjwJ. Vrhah
j jf ulglhj Dkfkhd tufis bfhLUfyh. 2:1 kW 13:1
trdf Fj FfUJ J xU uL vgJ bjthwJ. it Vbfdnt
ulgl fjrd brfis Flyh. (g. 780).
6. 40-66 mfhuf ya eil 1-39 mfhufUJ ntWgoUwJ.
E. vGatiu Fj Kothd Ff
1. Vrhah giHa VghL jf vgo nghUF to tjJ vgij FJ
gags mPf nghJ fUJ ntWghL bfhoUwhf (ghf, DSS kW MT).
mJ VtgL vGjglJ vgij, ahnt gig nehffis btgLJt
mj egfjikiank eh tWj ntL.
2. Vrhah _ykhf njtDila cikahd btghil kWF vj mDkhdfis eh
wff ntL. KdF fjrdij wfgij, giHa Vghileh
rkfhya kj kW tuyhW br kLnk vW FiwJ kLtij eh jf
ntL.
VI. fhy
A. Vrhah vlhtJ whL fjf xUt.
1. ulh babuhbgah MSif fhy (. K. 786-640) tlnf Cabrj nahdh, Mnkh,
Xah
2. bjnf Vrhah kW fh
B. t . K. 760I mLj MLf wjh; cah kj Mo . K. 742 fjahdh (6:1).
j cah mrah vW miHfgLwh (. K. 783-742).
C. cah fil MLfUJ (. K. 783-742) nahjh (. K. 742-735), Mfh (. K. 735-715),
vnrah (. K. 715-687) kW kdhnr MSiffhyYTl (. K. 687-642) Vrhah Ca
brUwh.
D. j gy jh uh#hf MSif fhy fj bfhLj brf kW urff
uL vW M. nf. Ahr brhUwh. fj kuzJF wF . K. 630 it
bjhFfgL rgLjgoUfyh.
VII. tuyhW d
A. vlh whL fjf
1. ntjhfk tuf fl gFf bfhLfgLsd:
a. 2 uh#hf 14:3-17:6 e. Xah
b. 2 ehshfk 25-28 f. Vrhah
c. Mnkh g. fh
d. nahdh
2. Xah njtDila kf ufhuhjidF moikgoUjij fhzyh:
a. 2:16, mfhy vid ghfh vW brhyhk
b. 4:12-13, . . . cf Fkhuf ntjdK, cf kUkfkh grhuK brwhf
c. 4:17, vuhp uffnshL izUwh, mtid nghfL
d. 13:2 kD fWFoia KjLwhf! (rlF)
3. rKjha d
a. unt, jh UtUF J bghUshjhuahf brghdjhf, uhQtahf
thfK bfhl fhykhF. Mdh brtjf kLnk j brdh
gadiljhf. ViHf Rulglhf. xLFtJ kbwhU ufnghy MlJ!
b. unt kW jh rKjhaahd ujikF brF gy fhuzf
csd:
(1) tlnf ulhtJ babuhbgah (. K. 786-746) kW bjnf cah (. K. 783-
742) l fhy, brghd MSif.
148
(2) . K. 802 maf _wh Mjh-uh ahit njhfoj.
(3) untYF jhF il rilyhkUjJ.
(4) tlUJ bjfhf ghyd tahf brw thg ghij tNj
tf fhuzkhf Jjkhd bghUshjhu ts clhaJ. brtjf
Dkfkhf tsbgwhf.
c. ulh babuhbgah MSif fhyij nrj rkhah fbtL j fhy
rhbyhnkh MSiffhyijnghy thf mik fhzglJ vW bjwJ.
jdh UgtfSF yhjtfSF ilna s mfjJ.
d. brtjf neikyhj iyia ``rKjha fj vW miHfgL Mnkh
Uwh. tHFgtf yr thaJ, vilff bghahditahf
UjJ untY jhY fhzgl CHYF vLJfhlhf UjJ.
4. rka d
a. J btaufkhd rlFf mfkhf fhzgl ntisahF, bkahd Rthr
fhzgliy. fhdh ufhuhjid unt rka CLWUjJ.
kf uffis tzbfhL ahntia tzFtjhf Tdhf. njtDila
kf muaahf Tlf nrjgoah w#h tghoY braghLfY
nrJbfhs nejJ.
b. 2 uh. 17:7-18 trdf unt uf tghL bjthf vLJ brhy
goUwJ:
(1) trd 8 mtf fhdha tghLfis gdhf.
(a) mUtUghd cwfis bfhl tghL (ghf, ny. 18:22-23)
i) nkilf, tr. 9,10,11
ii) iyf, uf njhf (ghfh), tr. 10,16
iii) tr. 16, thj uf myJ kuf. ghfh njtijfis tglhf.
(b) Fnfl, tr. 17. ny. 19-20 kW cgh. 18 mfhuf J Fw vW
brhygoUwJ.
(2) tr. 16, mtf bjhlJ uL bghfWFofis tglhf. ahntF gyhf
Kjyh babuhbgah itfis jhY bgnjY Wdh (1 uh. 12:28-29).
(3) tr. 16, mtf ghnyh thd nridia tglhf - Na, ru, eruf,
eru klyf.
(4) tr. 18 mtf ngnfa mbjtkha nkhnsFF jf Rfis
flfgdhf. (ghf, ny. 18:21; 20:2-5). j braghL nkhnsFvW
miHfglJ, J bjt bga my.
c. ghfh tghL (ghf, W.F. Albright vGa Archaeology and the Religion of Israel gf
82Kj)
(1) fh ilj ghfh uhznk ekF Mjhukhf UwJ.
(a) ghfh kJ cg bjtkhf UjJ. mt nkhodh njhfofgL,
ghjhs jsglh. vyh cU KoF tjJ. Mdh bg bjtkha
mdho cjnahL xbthU trjfhyY ghfh nkhil njhfowh. t
fUts bjtkhf Ujh.
(b) t Ahjh vW miHfglh.
(2) V fhdha jiyik njtijahf UjhY, ghfh ugy fhuzkhf t
mtDila lij oJbfhlh.
(3) U uh#h Fkhuahf Uj narng _ykhf unt U ghfh tghL
guaJ. c mtis jdJ Fkhu MfhF kzbrJitjh.
(4) unt ghfh cqUj nkilf tzfglh. xU cajgl f
mtDF milahskhf UjJ. mbuh tDila njtijahf Ujh. t
UrJF milahskhd xU brJfgl fg tSF milahskhF.
d. gyjkhd ufhuhjid FlgLsJ.
(1) ahntF gyhf MuhFgo Kjyh babuhbgah bgnjY jhY Wa
bghfWFof.
(2) cq nkilf U fUts bjtK njtij tglglhf.
149
(3) mj ehf mua Tlf fhuzkhf ufhuhjid njitahW.
5. vlh who mah kW ghnyh ghyd jhf isFgo brj
jhFjf RUf:
a. mah il-IuhJ nguu vGnghJ ehF vlh whL fjf
Jol braglhf. njt jkJ kfis, Fghf, untiy ahaFgo j
bfhûkhd kfis gagLdh.
(1) . K. 735 nahjhid flJ mua kW uhQt Tl cUthfglJ. J
`ì[nuh v~ukho vW miHfglJ. mahF vuhf jfnshL nrJ
nghLgo ah, untY jhit beUdhf. Mdh Mfh cjnfh
xU fojij mahF mDdh. Kj tYthd ma nguurdha _wh
yhnyr (. K. 745-727) uhQt miwTtiy VW ahit jhdh.
(2) d unt mah bghik uh#hthf Uj Xah (. K. 732-722) vJ
fyf brJ v cjia ehodh. Ijh rkdhrh (. K. 727-722) untJ
nghlh. untiy mlFtjF Kghf mt kJnghdh. Mdh mtDF
dh tj ulh rnfh (. K. 722-705) . K. 722 unt jiyefuha
rkhahit ojh. . K. 732 _wh yhnyr gyhuzfhndhiu
mahF ehLflaJnghy nghJ 27000 unty mahF ehLflj
glhf.
b. Mfh (. K. 735-715) kuzJF wF nahjh ehLfS vJ nrJ mahF
vuhf Tlahf nrjhf (. K. 714-711). J ``mnjh fyf vW miHfglJ.
mah kWgokhf gilbaLjnghJ jh gy glzf mfgld. Jtf
vnrah j TlF Mju bjjhY, wF Mjuit ybfhlh.
c. . K. 705 mah tyikahd uh#htha ulh rnfh kiwF wF
kbwhU Tl cUthaJ. ma nguuR KGtY gy fyff eljd.
(1) vnrah j fyf KGikahf gbfLjh. j fhuzkhf rdbf
(. K. 705-681) ghydij jhdh (. K. 701). vUrny glzJF mUnf
ghsawdh (2 uh. 18-19; Vrhah 36-39); Mdh mtDila nrid njtdh
mjjkhf njhfofglJ.
(2) rdbf vjid Kiw ghydij jhdh vgij FJ mPf eLnt
fUJntWghL fhzgLwJ. (vLJfhL: #h iu . K. 701 xU Kiw .
K. 688 kWKiw jhdh vW FoUwh. ghf, g. 270.)
(3) vnrah ma jhFjYF jdhY, mt bgUik fhuzkhf jh
bghfis ghnyhUJ tjtfSF fhoagoah, jh ghnyh
if GJnghF vW Vrhah Kdjh (39:1-8), .K. 587-586 vUrny
nefhnerh if GJnghdJ.
d. nka bga uh#htha ulh nfhnuR MSif njtDila kf bghUj
gzgLthf vW Vrhah Kdjh (41:2-4; 44:28; 45:1; 56:11). nt . K. 612
ghnyh if GjJ; Mdh ghnyh . K. 539 nfhnuR uhQt if
GjJ. jf cgl iwU UF vnyhU jf ehLfSF Ugyh
vW nfhnuR . K. 538 Mizlh. ehLf Myafis Ug fl mt jdJ
bghrhiyUJ gzK bfhLJjdh.
B. bkbrhbghjhah mfhu Ujtf Fj RUf (ehf mogil, John Bright
vGa A History of Israel, p. 462ff):
1. ma nguuR (M. 10:11):
a. Rnka/ghnyha nguuR rkaY fyhrhuY mfkhf jhf isjJ.
b. MSifbrjtfS ruhrahd fhyK:
(1) 1354-1318 Kjyh mN-cgh:
(a) Vaf fhnf glzij btbfhlh.
(b) Va brthif mf, ma tsbgw ttFjh.
(2) 1297-1266 Kjyh Mjh-uh (tyikahd uh#h).
(3) 1265-1235 Kjyh rkdhrh (tyikahd uh#h).
150
(4) 1234-1197 Kjyh LFo - Dlh - bjnf ghnyha nguuir Kj bt
bfhlh
(5) 1118-1078 Kjyh yhnyr - mah bkbrhbghjhah tyikahd
ehlhwJ.
(6) 1012- 972 ulh mN - uh
(7) 972- 967 ulh mN-nu-N
(8) 966- 934 ulh yhnyr
(9) 934- 912 ulh mN-lh
(10) 912- 890 ulh Mjh-uh
(11) 890- 884 ulh oFo-}lh
(12) 883- 859 ulh mN-eh-mgh
(13) 859- 824 _wh rkdhrh, . K. 853 FthFth j
(14) 824-811 Ijh kh-Mjh
(15) 811-783 _wh Mjh-uh
(16) 781-772 ehfh rkdhrh
(17) 772-754 _wh mN-lh
(18) 754-745 _wh mN-uh
(19) 745-727 _wh yhnyr:
(a) ghnyha maiz VWnghJ vW miHfglh, 2 uh. 15:19
(b) mf tyiks uh#h
(c) btbfhl kfis lkhw br bfhifia Jtdh
(d) . K. 735 irnu-vukho cUthaJ. J mah Mfij vFgoahf
IuhJ e Jtf Kj vJ tiuyhd ehLfis xizF KaahF.
jh uh#htha Mfh nru kWJlh; unt ehL ah mtid
Mujhf. mt Vrhah MnyhridF nuhjkhf cjnfh _wh
yhnyrUF foj vGdh (ghf, Vrhah 7-12).
(e) 732 _wh yhnyr unt J ahJ nghbjhLjh. Xbrahit
(732-722) maiz mkdh. tlF uh{aij nrj Mfzfhd
jf nkahF ehLfljglhf (ghf, 2 uh. 15-16).
(20) 727-722 Ijh rkdhrh
- Xbrah vJl clgoif brJbfhlh; mah Mu brjJ (ghf, 2
uh. 17)
(21) 722-705 ulh rnfh:
(a) Ijh rkdh IjhLfhy KWifia Jtdh. mtDF tj ulh
rnfh unt jiyefuha rkhahit ojh. 27000F nkgnlh ehL
fljglhf.
(b) Va nguuR nkbfhsglJ.
(c) 714-711 MLf nahjhDF mLJs ehLf vJ njrnjhL nrJ
mahF vuhf fyfbrjhf. j Tl ``mZjh fyf vW
miHfglJ. Jtf jh vnrahTl <LghL bfhoUjh.
mah gy bgj glzfis KWifL, mJnghlJ.
(22) 705-681 rdbf:
(a) 705 ulh rnfh kuzJF wF kWgokhf nahjhid mLJs ehLf
vnjhL nrJ fyfbrjd. vnrah j fyfJF KGikahd Mjuit
bfhLjh. rdbf 701 gilbaLJ tjh. j fyf xLfglhY,
njtDila tyikahd ia_ykhf vUrny jfglJ (ghf, Vrhah 36-
39; 2 uh. 18-19).
(b) Vyh kW ghnyh Vgl fyfij rdbf xLdh.
151
(23) 681-669 vrhAlh:
(a) vij jh, btbfhl Kj ma uh#h
(b) ghnyhJ grhjhg bfhl t mj jiyefiu kWgokhf fodh.
(24) 669-663 mNghgh:
(a) t vwh 4:10 trd mdhgh vW miHfgLwh.
(b) tDila rnfhjudha khZ-]- ghnyh uh#hthf Mfglh. J
gy MLf mahF ghnyhDF il rkhjhd yt ttFjJ. Mdh
cSFshf fhzgl Rju jhf 652 btglJ. tDila rnfhju
ij teldh.
(c) . K. 663 ailjJ.
(d) 653, 645 MLf Vyhik njhfojh.
(25) 633-629 mN-o-yh
(26) 629-612 -h-ZF
(27) 612-609 ulh mN-cgh: - . K. 614 Mnr F wF Muh
Ujgo uh#hthf KoNlglh. . K. 612 nt uh#hthf KoNlglh.
2. a ghnyha nguuR:
a. 703-? bknuhnjh-gyhjh
- ma MSifF vuhf gy fyffis eldh.
b. 652 khZ-]-:
(1) vrh Alh kf, mNghgh rnfhju
(2) t mahF vuhf fyfbrjh; Mdh njhWnghdh.
c. 626-605 benghgyhrh:
(1) a ghnyha nguu Kj nguurdhth.
(2) nkahit nrj ahrhu tlHUJ mahit jha ntis, t
bjUJ jhdh.
(3) mah giHa jiyefuha mN . K. 614 ailjJ; tyikahd a
jiyefu nt . K. 612 ailjJ.
(4) ma va nrid MuhDF thaJ. mtf xU uh#hit
mkbfhlhf.
(5) 608 ghnth ulh nenfh (ghf, 2 uh. 23:29) vGbgW ghnyhDF
vuhf xU ria cUthFgoahf va ma uhQtij rFgo tlnf
mtFJ brwh (ghf, 2 uh. 23), jh gags uh#htha nahah
va uhQt ghyd tahf brYtij vjh. bknjh xU
a ngh eljJ. nahah fhagL, kJnghdh (2 uh. 23:29, 30), nahah
kf nahthfh a uh#hthdh. ghnth ulh nenfh jhkjkhf brwgoah,
MuhUj ma va uhQt mfgLtij mtdh jLf Koaiy.
mt ghnyh sturdha ulh nefhnerh gill nkhdh. . K.
605 IuhJ efiu fhbf elj ngh fLikahf njhfofglh.
ehLF U brY t mt vUrnyik bfhisaojh. nahthfh
_W khj fhy MSifF wF ehLfljglh. nahah kbwhU Fkhudha
vahik uh#hthf mkdh. (ghf, 2 uh. 23:31-35).
(6) ulh nefhnerh va nridia ghyd bjFgf uo
brwh; mnghJ j jfgdh kj bria nfll ghnyhDF
Udh.
mnj ML mt kWgo ghydJF Udh. jh maiz mt
nahahik mkdh. Mufzfhd bgUFokfis, mur FLgdiu
ehLfldh. jhnaY mtDila egfS mlFthf.
d. 605-562 ulh nefhnerh:
(1) 597-538 MLfUJ ghnyh ghydij jdJ KG fLgho
itUjJ.
(2) 597 nahah vnjhL nrJbfhlgoah kWgokhf vUrnyUJ kf
152
oJ brygld (2 uh. 24). ulh nefhnerh tUtjF Kghf t
kJnghdh. mtDila Fkhu nahah _W khj uh#hthf UjnghJ,
ghnyhDF ehLfljglh. vnrna cgl gjhu Fokf ghnyh nfg
fhth mUnf Foakjgld.
(3) vnjhL mofo cwbfhl wF 586 vUrny glz KYkhf mfglJ
(2 uh. 25) mfkhd kf ehLfljgld. nahahDF wF tj njah
ehL fljglh. bfjah MSeuhf afglh.
(4) jf va uhQtdh bfjah bfhyglh. tf vJF Xo
brwhf, vnuahit jfSl GJ brwhf. nefhnerh ehfhtJ
Kiwahf (605, 596, 586, 582) nghL tJ, vUj vnyhiu GJ
brwh.
e. 562-560 < bknuhnjh, t mbk-khL vW maglh.
- t nahahik iwUJ Ljh; Mdh mt ghnyhnyna Uf
ntoUjJ (ghf, 2 uh. 25:27- 30; vnu. 52:31).
f. 560-556 be[h
- t vUrnyik mJnghl nefhnerh jsgahth.
g. 556- yhgh-khL
- t be[h kf, Mdh xgJ khjfSFshf bfhyglh.
h. 556-539 benghl:
(1) benghl mur FLgJF brhjkhdt my, vdnt t ulh
nefhnerh Fkhuia kzJbfhlh.
(2) t nlhkh Na flsha `` DF nfh fl mfkhd fhyij
brytjh. t j njtij bg rhahf Ujt kf. jdh
ghnyh Ka bjtkha khL rhf nuhjij rghJ
bfhlh.
(3) t fyffis ml, ehil ugLj mfkhd fhyij brytjh.
(4) t njkhF brwh. jdJ Fkhu bghrh jiyefuha ghnyh
mYtfis ftFgo L brwh (ghf, jh. 5).
i. ? - 539 bghrh (cl MSif)
- Foaik nrj nfhah ghuf uhQt IuhJ e jiu irkhw
brJ, vyhk ghnyhDF EiHJ, mij nkbfhlhf. MrhafS kfS
j ghuff jfis Ljiy bra tjjhf, khLif fhghw tjjhf
idjhf. ulh nfhnuR nfhahir ghnyh MSeuhf ajh. j
nfhahnr nkadha jthf Ufyh (jh. 5:31; 6:1). j vwh mur FLgjt
vW mjkhF.
3. nka-bga nguuR: ulh nfhnuR vG RUf (Vrhah 44:28; 45:1-7):
a. 625-585 ahbru ghnyh mahit njhfof cja nkah uh#hthf
Ujh.
b. 585-550 mona nkah uh#hthf Ujh. nfhnuR khnl _y tDila
ngudhf Ujh.
c. 550-530 mhik nrj ulh nfhnuR fg fL uh#hthf Ujh. t
fyfbrjh:
(1) ghnyha uh#htha benghl nfhnuRF Mjutjh.
(2) ulh nfhnuR mona#ir maizUJ wdh.
(3) benghl mfhuij rkiygLJgoahf tfnshL clgoif brJ
bfhlh:
(a) vJ
(b) ah (d Mah) uh#htha Fnuhr
d. 547- ulh nfhnuR ah jiyefuha rijia neh mtFJ brwh.
e. 539- etg 2M eh Foaik nrj nfhah nfhnu uhQtij bfhL vjj
v yhk ghnyhid ojh. nfhah ghnyh MSeuhf afglh.
153
f. 539- mnlhg khj kfh ulh nfhnuR jgl Kiw Lgtdhf EiHjh.
ma eho ogltfis ehLflJtij mtfl jafhLtJ vw tDila
bfhif khaJ.
g. 538- jfS kwtfS jf brhj ehLfSF U jf Myafis kWgokhf
fl mDkfglhf.
h, 530- nfhnuRF wF mtDila Fkhu ulh nfbr MF tjh.
i. 530-522 ulh nfbr MSif
- nka bga nguunrhL . K. 525 vij nrJbfhlh;
- t jbfhiy brJbfhlh vW y brhYwhf;
j. 522-486 Kjyh j (lh) MSifF tjh
(1) t mur t tjt my, uhQt jsgahf Ujh.
(2) t MSifbrgtfis Fj nfhnu lfis gagL bga uh{aij
cUtikjh (ghf, vwh 1-6; Mfh; rfah).
(3) ahitnghy t ehzafis bfhLtjh.
k. 486-465 Kjyh brbr MSif:
(1) va fyfij mldh.
(2) ghuf fdit iwntWgo nuf njrij of Kawh. Mdh . K. 480
bjnkhnghY, . K. 479 rhyY njhfofglh.
(3) ntjhfk mfhntU vW FlgL vj fzt, . K. 465
bfhyglh.
l. 465-424 Kjyh mjrZlh(yhnkd) MSifbrjh (ghf, vwh 7-10; benfah;
kah):
(1) bgnyhbgah cehL ngh tiu nuf bjhlJ Kndtjhf.
(2) mnjnd, bgnyhbgah vW nuf sgLwJ.
(3) nuf cehL nghf 20 MLf ojd.
(4) j fhyfl j rKjha gygLjglJ.
m. 423-404 ulh j (nehnjh) MSifbrjh.
n. 404-358 ulh mjrZlh (benkh) MSifbrjh.
o. 358-338 _wh mjrZlh (Xnfh) MSifbrjh.
p. 338-336 mbr MSifbrjh.
q. 336-331 _wh j (nfhnlhnkd) MSifbrjh.
4. vij Fj M:
a. nfh (nkg uh#hf- brko d MSif)-. K. 1720/10-1550
b. 18MtJ MSiftir (1570-1310):
(1) 1570-1546 mnkh
(2) 1546-1525 Kjyh mbkndh~ (Kjyh mbknAhbl)
(3) 1525-1494 Kjyh jnkh
(4) ? ulh jnkh
(5) ? An
(6) 1490-1435 _wh jnkh
(7) 1435-1414 ulh mbkndh~
(8) 1414-1406 ehfh jnkh
(9) 1406-1370 _wh mbkndh~
(10) 1370-1353 ehfh mbkndh~ (mZfdhbl)
(11) ? bkfnu
(12) ? Llfhk
(13) ? M
(14) 1340-1310 nAuAh
c. 19MtJ MSiftir (1310-1200):
(1) ? Kjyh uhnr (uhknr)
(2) 1309-1290 Kjyh n[ (n[njh)
(3) 1290-1224 ulh uhknr
154
(4) 1224-1216 khlh (bkbulh)
(5) ? mbkbkr
(6) ? ulh n[
(7) ? lh
(8) ? blnthbu
d. 20MtJ MSiftir (1180-1065):
(1) 1175-1144 _wh uhknr
(2) 1144-1065 ehfh uhknr
e. 21MtJ MSiftir (1065-935):
(1) ? bko
(2) ? bAnAh
f. 22MtJ MSiftir (935-725 - af):
(1) 935-914 h (Kjyh nhbr myJ Kjyh nh)
(2) 914-874 Kjyh Xnrhnfh
(3) ? ulh Xnrhnfh
(4) ? ulh nhbe
g. 23MtJ MSiftir (759-715 - a)
h. 24MtJ MSiftir (725-709)
i. 25MtJ MSiftir (716/15-663 - vnaha/%a):
(1) 710/09-696/95 ghnfh (ghF)
(2) 696/95-685/84 bblnfh (bF)
(3) 690/89, 685/84-664 oAhfh (lhffh)
(4) ? lhlhk
j. 26MtJ MSiftir (663-525 - Saitic):
(1) 663-609 Kjyh rhbkof (rho)
(2) 609-593 ulh nenfh (nenfh)
(3) 593-588 ulh rhbkof (rho)
(4) 588-569 m (nAhuh)
(5) 569-525 mkh
(6) ? _wh rhbkof (rho)
k. 27MtJ MSiftir (525-401 - bga):
(1) 530-522 ulh nfr (ulh nfhnuR kf)
(2) 522-486 Kjyh j
(3) 486-465 Kjyh b[r
(4) 465-424 Kjyh mjrZlh
(5) 423-404 ulh j
ntWgl ehtirfhf, ghf, Zondervans Pictorial Bible Encyclopedia, vol. 2 p. 231.
5. nuf njrJ M:
a. 359-336 khnlhah ulh :
(1) nuf njrij fobaGdh
(2) . K. 336 bfhyglh.
b. 336-323 ``kfh ulhtJ mbyrhl ( Fkhu):
(1) r ngh bga uh#htha ulh jit njhfojh
(2) 32/33 tajhf UFnghJ, . K. 323 ghnyh fhryh kjh.
(3) mtDila kuzJF wF mbyrhl jsgf mtDila uh{aij gL
bfhlhf:
(a) frhl - khnlhah, nuf
(b) f - nu
(c) Kjyh brf - ah kW ghnyh
(d) lhy - vJ kW ghyd
(e) Monfhd - d Mah (t l fhy Ufiy)
155
c. ghyd fLghil bgw brLfSF lhyaUF il nghuhl:
(1) ah (br MSifahsf):
(a) 312-280 Kjyh brf
(b) 280-261 mnahf Kjyh nrhl
(c) 261-246 mnahf ulh nja
(d) 246-226 brf ulh fhf
(e) 226-223 brf _wh b[uhd
(f) 223-187 kfh _wh mnahf
(g) 187-175 brf ehfh ~nyngl
(h) 175-163 ehfh mnahf vg
(i) 163-162 Ijh mnahf
(j) 162-150 Kjyh bjnk
(2) vJ (lhy MSifahsf):
(a) 327-285 Kjyh lhy n[hl
(b) 285-246 ulh lhy yhblg
(c) 246-221 _wh lhy vbtbfo
(d) 221-203 ehfh lhy ~nyhngl
(e) 203-181 Ijh lhy vg
(f) 181-146 Mwh lhy nyhbklh
(3) RUf:
(a) 301- ghyd lhy MSifahsf Hhf 181 MLf UjJ.
(b) 175-163 vlhtJ br MSifahsdha ehfh mnahf vg jfis
gytjgL nuf fyhrhuij gWgo brjh:
i. clg Wtdfis Wdh
ii. Mya a xgRfhf glij cUthdh.
VIII. ya myFf
A. RUf
1. mfhuf 1-39 - fj mtUila ehS
2. mfhuf 40-66 (myJ 40-55 kW 56-60) - a f
B. mfhuf 1-39, Vrhah ehf tuyhW d (iwUF KijaJ)
1. mfhuf 1-6, cah kW nahjh uh#hf Hhf
2. mfhuf 7-14, Mfh uh#h Hhf
3. mfhuf 15-39, vnrah uh#h Hhf (mfhuf 36-39 - 2 uh. 18:13-20:19 trdfSF
izahf Uwd)
C. mfhuf 40-66, iwU kW iwUF tU fhyflf tUfhy uh{aJF
milahstifahf Uwd.
1. 1-39 mfhuf Vrhah urffis thbkh brfis uggJnghy, 40-
55 mfhuf xU a dia ugwd. njtDila aha tJlJ;
nghJ uikng Ka fUbghUshf UwJ. j mfhuf mfkhf thbkhahf
brhygliy vgJ RofhlgLwJ.
2. 1-39 mfhuf ma mRWjnyhL ghnyha mRWj tifnahL ilgLwd.
Fghf, 13-14, 21, 39 mfhufis Flyh. 40-55 mfhuf bga fhyflij
nrjit. njtDila kf thFgzgl njrJF kWgokhf brYwhf.
3. fil mfhufsha 56-66 mfhuf filfhyij FJ brhYwd. cyfsha
tif fjiu tgL xUbjt tghLF KHyhf tuyhW cUtff gagLj
gLwd.
D. Vrhah jfJF RUf F brhYtYs fodf
1. bgUghyhd ed mPf iy Fiwjgr uL fshf whf: mfhuf
1-39 kW 40-66. M. nf. Ahr mfhu 1-33 kW 34-66 vW wh; Vbdwh DSS
156
u itfSilna s fhzgLwJ. j u mfhuf 33F 34F
il s fhzgLtJ Vrhah jf mtiu gatfsh uL bjhFfshf
bjhFfglJ vw fUJF lbfhLUwJ. l. v. bus j uL
bjhFfS totik xiwbahW ugwd vW RofhoUwh:
Kj bjhF ulh bjhF
m. 1-5 - m uik mfhuf 34-35
m. 6-8 - thif tuyhW fhaf mfhuf 36-40
m. 9-12 - njt Mthj kW aha mfhuf 41-45
m. 13-23 - ma rfSF vuhd brf mfhuf 46-48
m. 24-27 - cyfsha , unt Ljiy mfhuf 49-55
m. 28-31 - ebyhGf urff mfhuf 56-59
m. 32-33 - njr bghUjgzgLj mfhuf 60-66
2. y RUff tuyhW dJ ghitia xUKfgLJ ntis, ntW y
nkahFj cslfJ ghitia itwd
NIV nahngh
m. 7-12 ``jhF vuhf munka kW ``khDnt jf
unt mRWjf
fhuzkhf cUtha
fjrdf
m. 28-33 ``MW Inah: unt ``nah jf
cikyhjtfSF vuhf (_iy f)
IJ, mahF vuhf xW
3. ya myFf rayhj jikF y vLJfhLf (m. 1-12)
a. mfhuf RUf 1-12 - . x. v, g. 211-214:
(1) 1:1-12:6 jh kW vUrnyik Fj fjrdf
(a) 1:1-31 bga fld
(b) 2:1-4:6 nkah MSif kfJ aha
(c) 3:5-30 jh fhzgL mukf
(d) 6:1-13 fjiuFj Vrhah jrd
(e) 7:1-12:6 Mfh MSifnghJ brhygl fjrdf
b. mfhuf RUf 1-12 - M. nf. Ahr, g. 764:
(1) jh m kW uikFj fjrdf, m. 1-5
(2) Vrhah miH: thif tuyhW brf, m. 6-8
(3) jnghija cyf muRfS, mtfSila gF, m. 9-12
c. mfhuf RUf 1-12 - The NIV Study Bible, g. 1016
(1) mfhuf 1-6
(a) KDiu: clgoif wiy FJ jhF vuhd FwrhLf, m. 1
(b) jh kW vUrny tUfhy ir kik, m. 2-4
i) vUrny tUfhy Mthjf (2:1-5)
ii) fj jhit j (2:6-4:1)
iii) nah uik (4:2-6)
(c) njr aha, iwU (m. 5)
(d) Vrhah jwghd bghW (m. 6)
(2) mfhuf 7-12
(a) munka unt TlFJ gaglTlhJ vW MfhRF vr (m. 7)
(b) Vrhah FkhuD jh FkhuD (8:1-9:7)
(c) untYF vuhd aha (9:8-10:4)
(d) ma nguuR jh uh{aK (10:5-12:6)
i) mah m (10:5-34)
ii) jh ttj uh#h uh#hfK cWbragLj (m.11)
157
iii) Ljiyfhf rnjh ghlf (m. 12)
d. mfhuf RUf 1-12 - v. . nahngh, g. 38-40:
(1) vUrny kW jhit Fj fjrdf (m. 1-12)
(a) KDiu: Vrhah br kh (m. 1)
i jiy, tr. 1
ii njtdh FwrhlgLj, tr. 2-4
iii njr ghHhd btaufkhd iy, tr. 5-9
iv nghija Muhjid nghJkhdJ my, tr. 10-15
v kdUjYfhd miH, tr. 16-20
vi vUrny CH RofhlgLj, tr. 21-33
vii unt aha_y fgLj, tr. 24-31
(b) aha_ykhf njtDila Uigahd thFjjf iwntWj, m. 2-6
i nkah fhy nah kikahd tUfhy, 2:2-5
ii nah nghija kikaw iy, 2:6-4:1
a) nghija f nkhrkhd iy, tr. 6-9
b) tuUF fLikahd aha RofhlgLj, tr. 10-11
c) fjUila eh elfnghwit, tr. 12-17
d) uff Ko, tr. 18-21
e) bghWyhj jiytf Fj fj FwrhL, 2:22-3:15
i) fj Mjufis vLJnghLnghJ VgL FHgkhd iy, 3:1-12
ii) j mit bfhLtj jiytf Fw, 3:13-15
f) vUrny ftkhd bgfis Fj fj FwrhL, 3:16-4:1
g) nah RffgLj, 4:2-6
h) jkJ Fwbrj kfJ njtDila aha, m. 5
i) uhrnjhl Fj ctikfij, tr. 1-7
ii) unt cUthF nkhrkhd uhir, tr. 8-23
iii) mafsh tunghF aha, tr. 24-30
i) fj M miH unt jhd aha, m. 6
i) fj jrd, tr. 1-3
ii) jrd Fj fj gbra, tr. 4-5
iii) mt RffgLj, tr. 6-7
iv) mtUF bghW bfhLfgLj, tr. 8-9m
v) mtUila br, tr. 9M-13
(c) khDnt jf (mfhuf 7-12)
i khDnt milahs, m. 7
a) nkFs elj f, tr. 1-9
b) j f bjhl, khDntiy Fj thij, tr. 10-17
c) nkY bjhl, njr ghHhfgLtJ Fj Kd, tr. 18-25
ii fyfkhd ntisfS (. K. 734-732) mitfis vbfhS jK, m. 8
a) jkF kW ah bfhisLj, tr. 1-4
b) mah jhF vuhf tUj, tr. 5-8
c) khDntyh bfhLfToa ghJfh, tr. 9-10
d) ahUF, vjF gagl ntL, tr. 11-15
e) RthrnjhL bghWikahf fhUj, tr. 16-18
f) mj ehSfhd rahd thrf, tr. 19-22
iii ehF bgafis bfhl FHij, 9:1-7
a) RUf, tr. 1
158
b) bga rnjh, tr. 2-3
c) vJ vLfgLwJ? tr. 4-5
d) bga rnjhij bfhLgt, tr. 6-7
iv mtUila if odgona UwJ, 9:8-10:4
a) gRjyhj bgUik fhuzkhf vfsh njhfofgLthf, tr.
8-12
b) bjhlJ kdUghjgoah jiytf jgLthf , tr.13-17
c) ik fhuzkhf cehLngh clhF, tr. 18-21
d) r_f m fhuzkhf rh eh tU, 10:1-4
v mahF Inah 10:5-34
a) Wkhbfhl mah njtlUJ bgw bghWig jtwhf
gagLaJ, tr. 5-11
b) jhkjkhd aha tfis jhF, tr. 12-14
c) mj Wkh fhuzkhf mah fhLianghy bfhSjgL, tr.
15-19
d) njtDila aha mF wF, ahdtf mtl
Uthf, tr. 20-23
e) mah GnghJ nah LfgL, tr. 24-27
f) ljl nahid a mah nghju, tr. 28-32
g) Wkhila mah fhil ahnt btoJth, tr. 33-34
h) jh tr tU nkah mtUila u bga ia, m. 11
i) nkah Mj, tr. 1-3m
ii) mt jkJ gia br Kiw, tr. 3M-5
iii) aifYTl VgL khwf, tr. 6-9
iv) mt untYfhf vd bra Ko vg mogil mtUila
g, tr. 10-16
i) tuUF bga ehis nghWj, m. 12
i) gogl Jia VbwLf unt cWQj, tr. 1-2
ii) mj eh Mthjfis Fj RUf, tr. 3
iii) gogl Jia VbwLFgo mWj, tr. 4-6
IX. Ka raf
A. jh clgoifF (2 rhK. 7) cikstfshf UFgo Vrhah jhit miHwh.

Mufh clgoif (m. 12:1-3) M nehfij RofhLwh - cyfij bjJ
bfhSgo njt untiy bjJbfhlh. fjUila j cyfsha MSif vts
ahrkhf UF! njt untiy uikgJ kL, mJ KG cyfY jhf
isFgo brth.
B. jdJ ehfY tUfhyY cyf ff vgoUF vW Vrhah Kdjh. nkah_y
khf jh uh{a uikfgL (fhTl go mjh). j uh{a gRjkhdjhf
cyfshajhf UF (fhTl go mjh). it Vrhah xU bjt gRj
ig Fj uL mrfshF.
C. njtDila kf cyfufhukhd, GJnghd, khl MjhufJ eif itgJ zhdJ
vW Vrhah fhodh. fjlUJ kLnk Ljiy tU!
D. njtDila l _W tyikahd gfis Vrhah btgLJwh:
1. tuUF nkah
2. ghLgL jhrdhf nkah
3. nkah cyfsha MSif
159
X. brhf kW/myJ brhbwhlf, Ka egf:
A. brhf kW brhbwhlf
1. thdfns, nfSf; na, brbfhL, 1:2
2. btsnjhlYs xU Foirnghy . . ., 1:8
3. cf gf u vdF vdJF? . . ., 1:10-15
4. tHfhLnth thUf . . ., 1:18
5. fil ehf . . ., 2:2
6. vyh #hfS mjF XotUthf . . ., 2:2-4
7. _F, 3:21
8. nkf, 4:5
9. ah ekJ fhakh nghth?, 6:8
10. fif, 7:14
11. ikia btWJ eikia bjJbfhs m taJ kL, 7:15,16
12. jLf fY, lWj fkiy, 8:14 (28:16)
13. mrd ghwtflY, KQKbzW XJw FfhulY rhf, 8:19
14. v nfhg nfhyha ma, 10:5
15. mtf ahUgtfkhu Uthf . . ., 10:22
16. <rhbaD mokuUJ xU J njh, 11:1,10
17. fhlhL, 13:21; 34:14
18. tlwfYs Muhjid Tl gtjny Ung, 14:13
19. vJnjr eLny fjUF xU glK... clhUF, 19:19
20. mna, 29:1-2,7
21. mtfis rfhuJF aJ, 34:2
22. v Juil c _Y ... nghL, 37:29
23. v ghtfisbayh ckJ KJFF dhf vJO, 38:17
24. njtDila trdnkh vbwiwF F, 40:8
25. mt cUilnk Uwt, 40:22
26. KdtuhUw fjuha ehjhnd; dtfnshL Ugtuha eh jhnd, 41:4; 44:6
27. c ghtfis idahkY Ung, 43:25
28. vidju njtDnlh? ntbwhU fkiy iyna; xUtid mna, 44:8; 45:5
29. xia gilJ, Uis clhnd, rkhjhdijgilJ if clhFwt
ehnd 45:7
30. viybaFKstfns, vid nehghUf; mbghGJ ufgLf . . .,
45:22
31. KHfh ah vdF Kghf KlF, eh ah vid KL MizL, 45:23
32. vj, vjnk, mgo brnt . . ., 48:11
33. ahdt j fg isF ufhk, j ghyfid kwghnsh? mtf kwjhY,
eh cid kwgiy,49:15
34. fjUila cu ghu, 51:17
35. mt njtdh mogL thfgL . . ., 53:4
36. . . . fjnuh mtiu behWfjkh, mtiu ghLfSFgLdh, 53:10
37. fjnu cdF a btrkhUgh, 60:19-20
160
B. Ka egf
1. unt gRj 1:4; 41:8-9; 42:1,19; 43:10
2. nah Fkhu 1:8
3. nridf fj 1:9
4. fj is 4:2
5. nruhf 6:2
6. nrahahN 7:3
7. khDnt 7:14
8. knf-rhyh-mZ-gh 8:3
9. rttyt (El Shaddai) 13:6
10. mfhiy kfdha obt 14:12
11. HUJ kh 41:2,25 (44:28; 45:1)
12. v jhr 41:8,9; 42:1,19; 43:10; 52:13
13. ng...nengh 46:1
14. #hkfhu 52:8
15. mzf 56:3
XI. njr tiuglYs lf

1. j 2:16
2. vuhp nfhu 7:2
3. nah gtj 8:18
4. brnyh ehL 9:1
5. fnyah 9:1
6. fnf 10:9
7. nryh 16:1; 42:11
8. nrhth 19:13
9. neh 19:13
10. tdhju 21:1
11. njkh 21:14
12. U 23:1
13. njh 23:2
14. tdhju (mugh) 35:1
15. fnk kiy 35:2
16. rhnuh 35:2
17. muuh 37:38
18. gh 66:19
19. ahth 66:19
XII. khztfSfhd nff

1. njt jkJ kfis tHfhLgo vnf miHwh? mtf brjJ vd? (m. 1)
2. njt gLjYF nuhjkhf Uwhuh? (1:10-15)
3. V 5:1-7 tyikahf mirfToaitahf Uwd?
4. V 6M mfhu tiu Vrhah miHig FJ Flgliy?
5. Vrhah V 7:14trd fia FF vbua brhiy gagLjiy?
6. 7-12 mfhuf vbjj lf a fij FJ tf FHij gagLjgoUwJ
vgij tf.
7. 9:8-10 trdf tlfa nfhufis Fl gagLjgLs _W bgaf ahit?
161
8. Vrhah 10M mfhu mahitFJ thF ntis V 13M mfhu ghnyh
ia FJ FlgLsJ?
9. Vrhah 14 kW vnrna 28 mfhuf vgo rhjhDF bghUtUwd?
10. 36-39 mfhuf tuyhW dia sFf.
11. 40:1-2 trdf njtDila kf iwU Ugjhf fhLwdth? mgoahdh J
vGatUF vgo bghUtUwJ?
12. 42:1 trd FlgL jhr naRF bghUtU ntis V 19M trd tU jhr
bghUtuiy?
13. 52:13-53:12 trdf vgo naRF bghUtUwd? untYF?
14. 56-66 mfhuf a d vd?
162
vnuah - mKf
I. Jtf thrff
A. j jf fj bga miHfgLwJ.
B. tUila bgaUF mj:
1. `àhnt ntjidgLwh
2. `àhnt iyWJwh

A. J VWbfhsgl vbua ntjhfk ``fj bgaiu nrjjhF.
B. uf ya t KjyhtJ fjahf fUjgLwh (ghf, k. 27:10).
III. vtifglJ
A. j jf gntW ya tiffis bfhljhF:
1. yaju thj vbua fij (vnuah brf)
2. vbua ciueil (gh%dh glif brh vGjgoUwJ)
3. vnuah urff RUf, bgUghY ciueil (gh%dh bjhFfglJ)
4. njtl FiwbrhYj - Rarij rhj fij toyhdJ (vnuah mifLj)
B. vnuah thbkh kW vGjgl fjrdf nrJsd. 36M mfhuUJ
itf ytiw kWgokhf brhy ntoUjJ/ ubaLf ntoUjJ.
IV. vGat
A. vnuah 52M mfhuij vGjiy vgJ bjthf bjwJ. Vbdwh 31-34 trdf
ghnyh fj ff FlgLsd. ghnyha MSeuha bfjah kuzJF
wF va j uhQtd vnuahit gytjkhf vJF GJ brwhf.
B. vGat/Ma tfshf UfTL:

1. vnuah
2. vnuah vGjuha gh%
3. fhya Ma (vwh myJ bga b#gMya kj)
C. ntW vj fjial vnuahit FJ eh mfkhf mnwh:

1. Mrhadha majh ttjt, 1 uh. 2:26-27.
2. vUrnyKF mUnf Mdnjh tsjt.
3. stanyna njtdh miHfglh, 1:2; 25:3 (. K. 627).
4. Xah kW cghfk jhfij bgwt.
5. tfSila rkfhyjt:
a. jhna
b. vnrna
c. MgT
d. brgah
e. ehT
6. t miHfgljF IjhLf fJ, nahah kWky fhy Mya
ahaukhz jf fLofglJ. ntjhfk tfSila cw Flglhk
UgJ aghf UwJ. ahaukhz jf fLofglnghJ uh#h vnuahit my,
jh vw fjia fyjhnyhjh (2 uh. 22:14-20).
163
7. tUila mifLjY FiwbrhYjY czf bjthf btgLjgLwd:
a. 11:18-12:6
b. 15:10-21
c. 17:14-18
d. 18:18-23
e. 20:7-18
8. t gytjkhf vJF bfhLbryglh; mnf j mffsh bfhyglh, 43:6.
V. fhy
A. vnuah . K. 640 fhy Mdnjh wjh.
B. vnuah jf fhy 1:2 trd FlgLsJ. nahah g_wh MoUJ
bfjah fhy tiu, . K. 627-582 tiuyhd fhyfl J. vnuah vJ eho mffnshL
vts fhy thjh vgJ bjahJ.
C. yh fblLfgl VL . K. 587 mJ KWiflglij FLwJ. j vbua vG
tot vnuah vGJeilF xUwJ,
D. vnuah brf rkhah UJ (. K. 722) vUrny tiuyhd (. K. 586)
ffis FjitahF.
VI. tuyhW d
A. . K. 686 - kdhnr (. K. 686-641) jh uh#hthwh. t jh f nkhrkhd uh#hthth.
B. . K. 664 - [bkof Hhf va nguuR gybgWwJ (. K. 664-610).
C. . K. 648 - nahah w.
D. . K. 642 - jh uh#htha Mnkh mtDila nrtffsh bfhygLwh (2 uh. 21:19-26).
E. . K. 640 - mah fil rthj uh#h mNghgh kwh.
F. . K. 640 - jdJ vL ta nahah uh#hthwh (2 uh. 22:1).
G. . K. 628 - nahah kWkyia JtFwh (2 ehsh. 34:3Kj; 2 uh. 23).
H. . K. 626 - vnuah miHfgLj (vnu. 1:2).
I. . K. 626 - benghgyhrh (. K. 626-605) a ghnyha nguu uh#hthwh.
J. . K. 621 - Myaij brgltf ahaukhz jfij fblLwhf (2 ehsh. 34:8

Kj; 2 uh. 22).
K. . K. 614 - mah uha jiyefuha mN a ghnyha nguul wJ.
L. . K. 612 - a ghnyhD, nkah mah Ka jiyefuha ntia mwd.
M. . K. 609 - jnahL ma uhQtJF cjbrgoahf tj ghnth ulh nenfhit (.

K. 610-594) vJ brw nahah bknjh bfhygLwh (2 ehsh. 35:20-24; 2 uh. 23:28-30).
- nahah Fkhudha ulh nahthfh jdJ jfg mukid
uh#hthfglh (. K. 609), _W khjf kLnk mt M Ujh. ghnth
nenfh mtid vJF ehLfldh.
- ghnth nenfh nahahik (. K. 609-598) jh maiz mkdh. . K. 605
mt jh maiz UFgo ulh nefhnerh Llh. wF t
vnjhL nrJ fyfbrjh. mtDila Fkhudha nahah _W khj kLnk
gj Ujh. mtDF gyhf . K. 597 nefhnerh njahit gj
mkdh.
164
N. . K. 605 - a ghnyha nguuR fhbf vaiu, va ma uhQtdiu
njhfojJ.
O. . K. 605 - ulh nefhnerh ghyd beLY brW, fg fLgo gjh
(jhna cgl gy ghnyhDF bfhLbryglhf). . K. 605, 597, 586, 582 MLf
jh, vUrnyK ehF Kiw jhfgld.
P. . K. 601 - vij oFgoahd ngh ulh nefhnerh njhWnghdh.
VII. ya myFf
A. j jf totik ehtiryhdJ my, jiy myJ fUbghU mogilyhdjhF.
J vnuah gy btntwhd RUf/br bjhFghF, 1-25, 30-33 kW 46-51.
B. LXX F MT F il bga ntWghLf fhzgLwd. ljl MT 3000 thijfis
LXX fhz Koaiy. nkY 46-51 mfhuf njrf tirY khw UwJ.
25M mfhuJF wF mit itfgl lY khw UwJ. j U ifbaGJ
ghugafS rhfl RUf fhzgLwd.
C. xU kh RUf (Ahr kW v vGJfismogilahf bfhlit):
1. mfhu 1 - vnuah miH mtUF bfhLfglitfS
2. mfhu 2-25 - vnuah Ca JtfUJ - jh ght
3. mfhu 26-29; 34-35 - fj jgl thif
a. njahF bfhLfgl ahnt br, mdah g, 26-29.
b. nufha, 34-35
c. nahah, njah, bfjah MSif tuyhW ff, vJF brYj, 36- 45
4. mfhu 30-33 - njtDila kf uik Fj thFjj:
a. ruufhukhf
b. MFaufhukhf
5. mfhu 46-51 - RYKs njrfis Fj fjrd (nkY, 25:12-38):
a. vJ - 46 (Vrhah 19; vnr. 29-32)
b. bgah - 47 (Mnkh 1:6-8; Vrhah 14:29-32; vnr. 25:15-17)
c. nkhth - 48 (Mnkh 2:1-3; Vrhah 15-16; vnr. 25:8-11)
d. mnkh - 49:1-6 (Mnkh 1:13-15; vnr. 25:1-7)
e. Vnjh - 49:7-22 (Mnkh 1:11-12; Vrhah 21:11-12; vnr. 25:12-14; xgah)
f. ah - 49:23-27 (Mnkh 1:3-5; Vrhah 17:1-3)
g. muah - 49:28-33
h. Vyh - 49:34-38
i. ghnyh - 50-51 (Vrhah 13:1-14; Mg. 2:6-17)
6. mfhu 52 - vUrny (ghf, 2 uh. 24:18-25:30)
D. 1-25 mfhuf vnuah brf fjUila thij vdF clh vw brhbwhlnuhL
JtFwd. Mdh 26-51 mfhuf fjuh vnuahF clhd thij vw
brhbwhlnuhL Jtf fhzgLwJ.
E. MSif br uh#hHhf vnuah fjrdf:
. n#. v M. nf. Ahr

1 nahah (. K. 640-)
1:1-19; 2:1-3:5; 3:6-6:30; 7:1-10:25; 11:1-13:27; 1:1-19; 2:1-3:5; 3:6-6:30; 7:1-10:25; 18:1-20:18
14:1-15:21; 16:1-17:27; 18:1-20:18
2 nahthfh (. K. 609)
3. nahah (. K. 609) 11:1-13:14; 14:1-15:21; 16:1-17:27; 22; 23; 25; 26;
25; 26; 27; 35; 36; 45; 46-49 35; 36; 45; 46-48
165
. n#. v M. nf. Ahr
4 nahah (. K. 598-596) 31:15-27
5 njah (. K. 597)
21:1-22:30; 23; 24; 27 21:1-22:30; 24:1-10; 27; 28; 29;
28; 29; 30-31; 32; 34; 30-31; 32; 33; 34; 37; 38; 39; 49;
37; 38; 39 50:1-51:64
6. bfjah
40; 41; 42; 43-44:30; 40:1-42:22; 43:1-44:30
50-52
7. tuyhW nrif
52:1-34
VIII. Ka fUbghU
A. jh kdUghjgoah aha eh tJlJ! vnuah ghtij, ahaig, wF
uikig tWJwh; 1:4-10.
B. njtJ jgl Rthr thif Kiw yhk rlfhrhu rka mitna bfhLtU! (m. 7;
Vrhah 29:13).
C. btW rlFfY, ufhuhjidY, ghtY jh jdJ tia HJnghUwJ! Ukz
xgjnghy FlgL njtDila clgoifia mJ UwJ (ghf, 2:1-3:5).
D. FLg Rthr my (31:29; vnr. 18) jgl kdUjY, RthrKnk njtDila a
clgoif mogilahf Uwd (31:31-34).
E. a clgoif ujukhdJ (31:35-37); Vbdwh mJ kj braghil gjidahf
bfhoUfiy; njtDila Uigia, tyikiank mogilahf bfhoUwJ (vnr.
36:26-27).
A. brhf kW brhbwhlf
1. fj, 1:5
2. thJik ku, 1:11
3. tlF, 1:13
4. miuia fobfhL,1:17
5. jSjL, 3:8
6. fnyhL kunjhL grhu gbfhoUjh, 3:9
7. Uja Enjh, 4:4
8. nyah , 8:22
9. fil viyfYs, 9:26
10. fjUila tidbfhL, 12:16
11. glgfny ghHhFwt, 15:8
12. thd rfy nridF, 19:13
13. rfhuJF xbfhLJ, 25:9
14. fjUila Mya gKLf, 27:16
15. ahnfhF fL fhy, 30:7
166
16. J clgoif, 31:31
17. eh Jlf eLthf flJnghFgo mtfis ulhf Joj fWFoiangh
MFnt, 34:18
B. Ka egf
1. nahah, 1:2,3 9. nufha, 35:1
2. nahah, 1:3 10. vbgnkny, 38:7
3. ghfh, 2:8 11. bfjah, 39:14; 40-41
4. kdhnr, 15:4 12. ghnth nenfh, 46:2
5. nefhnerh. 21:2,7 13. nfnkhZ, 48:7,13,46
6. mdah, 28:1 14. bgdhjh, 49:27
7. gh%, 32:12,13,16 15. ng, 50:2; 51:44
8. nkhnsF, 32:35 16. bkbuhjh, 50:2
X. njr tiuglYs lf
1. Mdnjh, 1:1 9. gh, 40:6
2. 10. nah, 41:12
3. neh (bk) 11. bgynf, 41:17
4. nyh, 7:12 12. fnf, 46:2
5. ndh Fkhu gsjhF, 7:31 13. bgnj, 48:13
6. nrhnjh, bfhnkhuh, 23:14 14. fhnrh, 49:28
7. U, 25:22 15. Vyh, 49:34
8. yh, 34:7
XI. khztfSfhd nff

1. vnuahtF RUfF vGJtJ V fodkhf UwJ?
2. vnuah vts fhy urf brjh?
3. 1:11-16 trdfYs uL jrdfis sFf.
4. V 2M mfhu xU tHifnghy bfhLfgoUwJ? (ghf, 4-8, 9, 29)
5. V j mfhu xU thfuJ tHifnghy bfhLfgoUwJ?
6. 4:1-2 trdf kdUjYfhd gjidfshf njt FLgit ahit?
7. mfhu 7F 26F cs bjhl vd?
8. 7M mfhu vnuah g xGif Fwkhf brhYwhuh?
9. vnuah brhj lij nrjtf V mtiu bfhy Kawhf? (mfhu 11-12)
10. 12:14-17 trdfS 16:19-21 trdfS V Kakhdit?
11. 16:10-13 trdf vgo kf ghtfS, jgl ghtfS bjhlgLjgLwd?
12. 17:10 trd vgo fyha 6:7 trdnjhL bjhlilajhf UwJ?
13. 18 kW 19 mfhuf vnuah Fatid Fj cUtfij gagLJ btntwhd
tfis FLf.
167
yg - mKf
I. jf bga
A. vbua ntjhfk (MT) jf Kj tna jiyghf UwJ. mJ Ah How vw brhyhF
(ghf, 1:1, 2:1, 4:1). J mlfnghJ bghJthf gagLjgL brhyhF.
B. brLtho (LXX) ygf vgJ jiyghF. J rjkhf mGj vW mjgL nuf
brhUJ tjJ.
C. lhko J yg vW miHfgLwJ.
D. tnfo fjaha vnuah ygfis bfhoUwJ vgJ jiyghF.

A. J vbua ntjhfk vGjglit gF bkyh (IJ RUf) vW miHfgL IJ
nrj jff xwhF. it xbthW xU tUlhu goifnghJ thfgld:
1. cdjghL - gfh
2. % - bgbjbfhnj
3. ur - Tlhu goif
4. vj -
5. yg - vUrny , rhbyhnkh Mya mfgLj.
B. vbua ntjhfk vGjglit gF cdjghL rjf, bkhf, nahF dhY,
%, yg, ur, vj fSF KdhY itfgoUwJ. ekJ ntjhfk brLtho
tir gwgLsJ.
C. . K. 586 ulh nefhnerh uhQtjh rhbyhnkh Mya mfglij
idTU jkhf yg jf M khj 9M eh (ka #]iy) thfgLwJ. fhy
J . . 70 vUrny nuhk jisaha ill iff Gjij idTU jkhf
MrfglJ.
III. vtifglJ
A. j jf IJ mfhuf xbthW xU jgl yg ghlyhf UwJ. gogl

fijf ka H bghJthdit, Rnk fhyUJ tUgit. unt J jfhya
iyikfSfhf Jfij btgLdhY, tUfhyJfhd eifia mjJ.
B. Kj ehF fijfS fuJiw ghlfshF. xbthU t vbua mRto mLj vGnjhL
JtFwJ. J KGikahd Jfij btgLJ milahsahd tahf UjJ.
C. vbua fij bjhil eaij my, jid izbahWikia mogilahf bfhljhF.
1. thijf my, tna Kakhdjhf UwJ.,
2. bgUghY 2 myJ 3 tf iziy fhzgLwJ
a. xnu mjijila iz brh -- tf xnu jidia btntwhd thijf
btgLJwd
(1) r. 3:1; 8:40; 83:14; 103:3
(2) . 20:1
(3) y. 1:2, 3
(4) Vrhah 1:3
(5) Mnkh 5:24
b. Kuirthd iz brh -- tf Kughil gagLJt _ykhfnth myJ
MftkhdJ/ vkiwahdij FLt_ykhfnth vkiwahd jidfis
btgLJwd
(1) r. 1:6; 90:6
168
(2) . 1:29; 10:1, 12; 15:1; 19:4
c. Toizghd iz brh -- tf jid tsbgWwJ
(1) r. 1:1-2; 19:7-9
(2) y. 1:4
IV. vGat
A. jfnyna vGat bga bfhLfgLsJ. ij . K. 586 vUrny KWiflgL,

mfglij ne fl xUt vGUgJ bjthf bjwJ.
B. ghgh guh 15 m vnu. 1:1 Fj jF sfK vnuahnt vGat vW TWwd.
C. brLtho KDiu `ùnt iwUF brw wF, vUrny ghHhf lgl wF,
vnuah cfhJ, mGJ vUrnynk yg gho brhdjhtJ vW FlgoUwJ.,
j jf vnuahF mLjgoahf itfgLsJ.
D. tnfo KDiu J fjaha vnuah ygfis bfhoUwJ vW

brhygoUwJ.
E. bglh (xU . . Ijh whL a bkhbga) j jfJF fjaha

vnuah ygf jf vw jiy bfhLfgoUwJ.
F. Ma Fj %gzf:
1. vnuahF Mjuthf:
a. 2 ehshfk 35:25 trd fhuzkhf vnuahnt ij vGdh vW fUjgLwJ., Mdh
J vUrnyKfhd yg my, nahahfhd yg vgij ftf.
b. vnuah gy gFf mt jdJ ehf Niyfhf Jfglh vW
FlgLsJ, 7:29; 8:21; 9:1,10,20 (ghf, y. 3:48-51).
c. gagLjgLs brhf xWik fhzgLwJ.
d. 3:1 trdYs `èh vnuahit Flyh.
e. Ma vUrny mit ne flt vgJ bjwJ.
2. vnuahF vuhf:
a. njt ahaFgo ghnyhid mDdh vW vnuah brhYwh. Mdh 3:59-66
trdf ahrkhf csd.
b. fjfSF fjuh jrd ilgiy vW vnuah brhUf KoahJ, 2:9.
c. vnuah vUJ cjia vghUf KoahJ, 4:17.
d. vnuah njahJ eifia btgLUf KoahJ, 4:20.
e. fuJiw ghlf f nkikahd totikig bfhoUwd. it vnuah
jirahd eilF ntWglitahf Uwd.
f. 5 fijfS totik ntWgLwd. y skhd tfis, y FWfyhd tfis
bfhoUwd. xnu brhiy bfhL JtF tf vif ntWgLwJ.
xbthU fijY cUtff khw fhzgLwJ. it vyhnk xnu Ma
vGUf KoahJ vgijna fhLwd.
V./VI. fhy/tuyhW d
A. . K. 586 vUnry ghnyha nridfl GJnghtnj tuyhW dahf UwJ.
B. tuyhW dfhf thf, 2 uh#hf 25:8-12; vnuah 52.
169
C. y j jf vUrny vUJ, MLnjhW mj ia idTU kfSFaJ
vW fUJwhf, vnu. 41:4-5.
VII. ya myFf
A. vUrny moikF kidahf cUtfgLjgoUwJ, mfhu 1.
B. yha bghWig bfhLtUwJ, clgoif Fj ahnt d, mfhu 2.
C. Jf jikgLjgoUwJ, mfhu 3.
D. yha bghWig bfhLtUwJ, clgoif kf ght, mfhu 4.
E. clgoif njtJ eif, mfhu 5.
VIII. Ka raf
A. itf fhuzkhf njtDila kf czj Jfij, Hig j fijf
btgLJwd:
1. vUrnyik Hj,
2. Mya mfgLj,
3. fj nkhnr clgoifia yhjjhFj. njt j thFjjfis bfhLUj
goah mtf mfkhf ghgiljhf:
(a) 2 rhK. 7:10-16
(b) Vrhah 37:30-35
B. j fijf itfis tWJwd:
1. njtDila uh#f,
2. njtDila ,
3. njtDila aha,
4 uik Fj njtDila thFjjf
C. jh nkhnr clgoifia (cgh. 27-28) agoah mJ mfglJ. ghnyhdh
njhfofglJ fj gydij fhliy, kf ghtij fhLwJ. tUfhy
ahnt jkJ tyikia bfhL btia bfhLtUth (3:22-23, 25).
D. njtDila thFjjf gjidnahL, gjidyhkY Uwd. clgoifgo
bghUjkhd tif brrhgJ mtakhF.
A. brhf kW brhbwhlf
1. mtSila nej vyhU 1:2, 19
2. jh Fkhuaha fif 1:15
3. ghjl 2:1
4. Mlt gifPnghyhdh 2:5
5. if bfhLwhf ... <rnghL, jf jiyfis JY ... 2:15
6. c iffis mtlF VbwL 2:19; 3:41
7. f ifFHijfsha jf fgfia dntLnkh? 2:20; 4:10
B. Ka egf
1. ``xU U, 3:1
X. njr tiuglYs lf
1. jh, 1:1
170
2. nah, 1:4
3. vUrny, 1:7
4. C, 4:21
XI. khztfSfhd nff

1. yg ya totikig sFf.
2. ntjhfkYs j jf ghLfnshL, FHgnjhL ilgLt ekF vgo cjwJ?
3. iwU fhuzkhf j jf TwgLtJ vd? (1:5, 18)
4. 2:17 trd vgo cghfk 27-28 mfhufnshL bjhlilajhf UwJ?
5. 3:19-38 trdf V mf Kakhditahf Uwd?
171
vnrna - mKf
I. jf bga
A. j jf Kakhf ngRwtuha vnrna fj bga j jf
miHfgLwJ.
B. tUila bgaUF njt gygLJwh myJ njtjhnk gygLJthuhf vW mjkhF.

A. j jf vbua ntjhfk VWbfhsgLt uid UjJ:
1. vnrna MyaK braKiwfS nkhnr TajF ntWgoUjd.
2. bjthd jrd bkh, Fghf, mfhuf 1, 8, 10.
B. kh uf FGit nrj u mdah bg bAnrah vnrnaiy nkhnrl
xuthFFgo 300 #ho vbzia gagLdh vW brhygLwJ (ghf, Shabb. 14b;
Menahuth 45a; Hagigah 13a).
C. vah nkahF Kghf UtUnghJ, mt vnrnaYF nkhnrF ilyhd
uidF fhgh vW j ghuga brhaJ.
III. vtifglJ
A. j jf gy tifgljhF:
1, fjrd (m. 37)
2. filfhy btghL (m. 1, 8-10, 38-39, 40-48)
3. fij
4. ciueil
5. ehlfghyhd ctikfijf (m. 4-7, 12)
6. milahs FpLf (m. 16)
B. 40-48 mfhufSF mjfhgJ vgo
1. Jtf Ff
a. 40-48 mfhuf ya d 33-39 mfhuf brhygLs uik Fj
thFjjfshF.
b. ah. 25-27 Mr Tlhuij fLtjfhd tufis bfhLgJnghy j gF
fil fhy Myaij vgo fLtJ vgJ Fj tufshF.
c. RUf:
1) mfhuf 40-43 - Mya uikfgLwJ
2) mfhuf44-46 - rlFf uikfgLwd
3) mfhuf 47-48 - ehL kWgokhf glgLwJ
d. njtDila kf W fhy ig fhl j fjrd njtDF Mufh kW
mtDila rjF ilyhd uhjd clgoifia gagLJwJ.
e. tuyhWtkhf j mfhuf iwUUJ UtUtnjhL bjhlilaitahF
(43:2). vwhY, J iwUF tj fhyJF bghUajhf uhjgoah y
tf filfhy FjJ vgJ bjthwJ.
2. ytifyhd mjfhQj:
a. J thijF thij iwntW vW xUnghJ mjgliy;
b. J gjidnahLToa fjrdkhF; jf bghUjkhd tif jF
brrhfiy;
c. brUghng kW nahRth Hhf iwUUJ UtjnghJ, J Xus
iwntaJ;
d. VnuhJ Mya J iwntaJ;
172
e. J vnghJnk milahsahf UFgonf vGjgoUwJ (ghf, Prophecy
Interpreted by John Milton);
f. J filfhy Mya iwntWjiy bgW.
3. j gFF mjfhgYs uidf:
a. mfhu 38, 39F myJ 40-48F vj tuyhW d iy; j gFnyh
myJ tuyhnyh d yhjgoah bgUghY mjfhgtf ij fil
fhyJFaJ vW brhYwhf;
b. a VghL:
(1) vbua 9 kW 10M mfhuf fil fhy gxGFKiwia yhjjhFtJ
nghy njhWwJ;
(2) vnrna 40-48 mfhuf nja cz bfhoUF ntis w#hfis
cslFtJnghy njhWwJ.
c. a Fjiffhu ctikfij naR jfis njtDila fUahf
UgUJ wfgJnghy njhWwJ (ghf, k. 21:33-46; khF 12:1-12; fh
20:9-19;
d. njt unt njrij filfhy d gagLJth vW eh RthjhY
(ghf, nuhk 9- 11), rigna MFa unt vW Rthnw (ghf, nuhk 2:28-
29; fyh. 3:1Kj; 6:16; vng. 2-3.
C. vnrna bgUghY jdJ brfis vGJto bfhLjh. Vrhah kW vnuahitnghy
it thtahf bfhLfgliy. it ey totij bfhoUwd.
IV. vGat
A. j jfij ah vGdh vgij FJ xUnghJ rnjf vHiy. 1:2-3 trdfis ju

KG jfK jiy brhygLsJ (Rarj nghwJ).
B. j ghugakha ghgh guh 15 m ``bga b#gMya kjf vnrnaiy gU fis

vGdhf vW brhYwJ. eh Vbfdnt ghjgo, J rgLaJ myJ bjhFjij
Ffyh.
C. vnrna uL jffis vGdh vW nahrg jdJ FoUwh The Antiquities

of the Jews, 10:5:1. J gy vbua fjf f bghJthd aig Ffyh; j
fis f vjhf ulhf fyh. j Kj gF tuyhW d mtUila
brhj ehfis nrjjhF. ulhtJ gF tUfhynk dahf UwJ (ghf, Vrhah
1-39 kW 40-66; jh. 1-6 kW 7-12; rfah 1-8 kW 9-14; vnrna 1-32 kW 33-48). Jnt
vnrna Iaij FJ b#nuh rnjf vGajF fhuzkhf Ufyh. t U
fis vGdh vW nahrg vGajF Jnt fhuzkhf Ufyh.
D. tUila jfUJ kLnk eh vnrnaiy FJ mnwh. giHa Vgho ntW vj

lY t Flgliy:
1. t rhnjh ttj xU Mrhadhth, 1:3,
2. tUF UkzkhdhY isf iy, 24:16-18,
3. tUF UgijJ tajhf UjnghJ, ulh nefhnerh nahah uh#hl nrJ
tiu iwUF bfhLnghdh, 1:1; 1 uh. 24:14-16,
4. t ghnyhDF mU xU j FoUF bfhLnghfglh, J kjdh
trhaJfhf cUthfgl fhthaha nfghUF mU UjJ, 1:1,3, j l bjhyh
vW miHfglJ, 3:15,
5. t Fiwjgr UgijJ MLf urf brjh, 1:1-2; 29:17,
6. t gyrhahf UjhY kdJUfKs fjahf Ujh, 9:8; 11:13.
173
V. fhy
A. t vUrny mnefkhf . K. 623 wjh.
B. vnrna VHh whL fjf xUtuhth: vnuah, jhna, ehT, MgT, brgah.
C. benghgyhrh kW sturdha ulh nefhnerh Hhf a ghnyha nguuR

vGailjnghJ, njt btntW lf Uj j fjf _ykhf ngdh:
1. . K. 605 nefhnerh jhnaiy ifJbrJ bfhLnghdh. mt ghnyhUj xU
mukidF ehLfljglh, jh. 1:1.
2. vnrna . K. 597 nahah uh#h kW gyhufzfhd bfhy jrfnshL
nefhnerhuh iwoJ bfhLnghfglh, 2 uh. 24:14-16.
3. bfjah kuz tiu vnuah vUrny Ujh.
D. vnrna jdJ fjrdf fhyij FoUwh. Mdh it ehtir

bfhLfgliy:
eh khj nahah
iwU
ML
1. xU jrd 1:1 5 4 13
2. xU jrd 1:2 5 4 5
3. xU jrd, 8:1 5 6 6
4. _gf nff, 20:1 10 5 7
5. vUrny KWif Jtf, 24:1 10 10 9
6. UF vuhd fjrd, 26:1 1 ? 11
7. vJF vuhd fjrd, 29:1 12 10 10
8. vJF vuhd fjrd, 29:17 1 1 27
9. vJF vuhd fjrd, 30:20 7 1 11
10. vJF vuhd fjrd, 31:1 1 3 11
11. vJF vuhd fjrd, 32:1 1 12 12
12. vJF vuhd fjrd, 32:17 15 (12) 12
13. vUrny , 33:21 5 10 12
14. a vUrny Fj jrd, 40:1 10 1 25
E. goahf vnrna Ca . K. 592 Jt, Fiwjgr 570 tiu myJ mjF nkY
bjhljJ.
VI. fhy/tuyhW d
VII. ya myFf
A. vnrna fjrdfis uL KY ntWgl brfshf fyh:
1. . K. 586 vUrny F Kghf mtUila urff tuUF njtDila
aha fhuzkhf kdUg ntL vw br fhzglJ (1-32)
2. vUrny F wF mtUila urff eif, uik, kig Fjitahf
khd (33-48)
B. RUf:
1. mt CaJF miHfgLj, 1-3.
2. clgoif kf ght a, vUrny , 4-24.
3. RUj njrfJ njtDila aha, 25-32
4. njt jkJ kfis, glzij, Myaij uikgJ Fj thFjj, 33-37.
174
5. fil fhy tlUJ jhFj, 38-39.
6. uikfgl Mya jrd, 40-48.
VIII. Ka raf
A. fjuh Koaiy vgdh my, jf brhj ght fhuzkhfnt jf ghLglhf.
B. clgoif Rthr xLbkhj mrK, jgl mrK fhzgLwJ. vnuah 31:31-

34 trdf FlgLs a clgoif, 18, 33 mfhufisnghynt mogil
jgljhF. njtDila bragho cuthjK mjF bfhLfgLsJ (ghf, m. 36-37).
a VghoY njtDila uh#fJF kj clgoif rhj bghWfSF il
Jnghw rkiy fhzgLwJ.
C. Mufh kW jh JF njt cikstuhf Uwh. clgoif kWgokhf
cWgLjgL, mfhuf, 37, 40-48. iwU xU m brayhF!
D. jfSfhd uidf D Koaiy, mfhuf 38-39 (ghf, jh. 7-12). njtDila
kfSF, GJnghd, nrhfgl kjfSF il nghuhl bjhlUwJ (r. 2).
A. brhf kW brhbwhlf
1. nrf, 4:10
2. gofgir, 10:9
3. mtfSila ffSF Kghf Rtny JthuL, m tah mitfis btna bfhL
nghthahf, 12:5
4. jiyaizf, 13:18
5. cfSF J Ujaij J Mia cLgbfhSf, 18:31
6. flfg, 20:26 kW 31
7. ghkh, 20:29
8. nfh brYgo, 20:37
9. uff, 21:21
10. c _if c fhJfis mWJnghLthf, 23:25
11. njtDila njhlkha Vnj Ujt, 28:13
12. ehF ufil,
13. fhiynjhW, 46:15
B. Ka egf
1. ehY tf, 1:5
2. kDu, 2:1
3. j_, 8:14
4. nfUf, 10:6
5. jhna, 14:14, 20
6. mnfhyhS, mnfhghS, 23:4
7. rhnjh u, 40:46
X. njr tiuglYs lf
1. nfgh e, 1:1
2. fnja njr, 1:3
175
3. U, 26:2
4. ahth, 27:13
5. gh, 27:13
6. nknr, 27:13
7. nrhth, 30:14
XI. khztfSfhd nff

1. Kjyh mfhu vnrna ghjJ vd? mJ V ghnyh mrhjhuzkhdjhf
UjJ?
2. 2M mfhuYs jfRU vij FwJ?
3. mfhu 4, 5Ys milahsahd braf vij Fwd?
4. V 8M mfhu m jUtjhf UwJ? mJ cikahdjh myJ milahsahdjh?
5. 1, 11 mfhufSFs bjhl vd?
6. mfhu 18 V giHa Vgho mrhjhuzkhdjhf UwJ?
7. rhjhDF U uh#hF cs bjhl vd (28)? V 28M mfhu rhjhid FJ
tgjhf UwJ?
8. mfhuf 36-39 vnrna ehfSF bghUjkhditah?
9. 18:30-32 trdfSF 36:26-27trdfSF cs bjhl vd?
10. vnrna Mya milahsyhdjh? myJ cikahdjh?
176
jhna - mKf
I. jf bga
A. j jf Kakhf ngRwtU fjkha jhna fj bga j jf
miHfgLwJ.
B. tUila bgaUF njt vdJ gahf Uwh vW mjkhF.

A. j jf vbua ntjhfk _whtJ, fil gFkha ``vGjglit gFia
nrjjhF.
B. Vbdwh:
1. jf tiu xU fjahf fUjiy, muankijahf fUdhf.
2. J fhy bjhFfglJ.
3. vwhit nghy Y munka bkh gFf csd (2:4M - 7:28).
III. vtifglJ
A. gy vbua fjrdfisnghy J gntW ya eilia bfhljhF:

1, mfhuf 1-6 glif brh vGjgl tuyhW ciueilahF. it jhna
thifia, fhyflij ugwd.
2. mfhuf 7-12 tUfhy ffis Fjit. bgUghY it fil fhy cUtffis
bfhlit, jik brh vGjgLsd (ghf, 7:1,9; 8:1; 9:2).
B. Kj tuyhW, wF tUfhy Fj j xGFkhia w fY fhzyh:
1. Vrhah 1-39 kW 40-66
2. vnrna 1-32; 33-48
3. rfah 1-8 kW 9-14.
C. filfhy btghL ya jwghd tif j tifgljhf UwJ. mf beUfkd
ntisf njtDF cikahdtf njtnd tuyhiw fLgLJwh vgij mJ,
tUfhy Ljiy kW Mthj Fj thFjjfis bgWgo vGjgoUwJ.
D. j jf nkikahd milahs bkh iwJ fhzgLwJ:
1. tzf,
2. Uff,
3. vf,
4. jrdf/fdf,
5. njtjf ilgLj,
6. ufa v thijf,
7. eikF ikF ilyhd ntWghL fLikahf fhlgoUwJ.
IV. vGat
A. j jf vGat bga Flgliy. mfhuf 1-6 glif brhY, .

mfhuf 7-12 jik brhY vGjgLsd, 7:1,9; 8:1; 9:1.
B. j ghugakhd ghgh guh 15M ``bga b#gMyaJ kjf jhnaiy vGdhf vW
brhygoUwJ. mjhtJ mtf rghjhf myJ bjhFjhf vW mjkhF.
fhya vbua bkh gf fhzgLtjF J xU fhuzkhf Ufyh.
177
C. D iuthd fhyij myJ fhyij FgjF j fhuzf brhygLwd:
1. iuthd fhy (. K. 7-6 whL):
a. j jf jhna jrdfis bfhljhf brhygoUwJ, 7:2, 4, 6Kj, 28;
8:1, 15; 9:1-2; 10:2Kj; 12:4- 8.
b. jhna vGaij FJ naR FoUwh, k. 24:15.
c. jhna ehfnyna bga kW nuf ehLfnshL thg elJtjgoah, bga
kW nuf brhf fhzgLwgoah fhyij nrjJ vW brhyKoahJ.
d. kuzJF tU thit Fj iwaiy eh nah jfY, y rjfY
fhzyh. njtjfis Fj bgw iwaiy rfah fhzyh.
e. ghnyha kW bga muritfis FJ nghJ eh mfthuhf_y
fLoUgitfSF jhna jf bghUjkhf UwJ.
2. ija fhy (. K. 2M whL):
a. VWbfhsgl vbua ntjhfk itfgLsJ.
b. bga kW nuf brhf lbgWsd.
c. kuzJF tU th, njtjfis FJ tsbgw iwa.
d. Kdf ltlkhf Uwd. Fghf, 11 M mfhu ghydij
fLgLj lhy KaYtij FJ brhygLsJ.
e. jhnaYF kfnga fhyij nrj w filfhy fSF ilyhd
xWik.
f. jf Ugjhf brhygL jtWf:
(1) fnja vw brh gagLjgoUwJ.
(2) jhna fnjadhf (Phahf) FlgLwh.
(3) bghrh ghnyh uh#h vW miHfgLwh.
(4) nefhnerh bghrh jfg vW miHfgLwh.
(5) nkadha j FlgoUwh.
(6) bga thf brhyha satrap vw brh gagLjgoUwJ.
D. itf jhna jf Iaij ekh fhz Ko:
1. 2, 7, 8 mfhufSF ilyhd bjhl
m. 1 m. 7 m. 8
gRbgh (ghnyh) f
bt fuo
btfy MLflh (bgah)
U/fk Uf btshL flh (nuf
njr)
2. munka gF 2:4M-7:28 trdf fhzgLwJ.

E. ntjhfk j nguuRfis dfoUwJ:
1. 2M mfhu tU gRbgh ghnyh, 2:38.
2. vlh mfhu tU MLflh bgah, 8:20.
3. vlh mfhu tU btshL flh, nuf njr, 8:21.
4. vdnt ehfhtJ uh{a nuhkhahf Uf ntL. j uh{ajh nkah tUth (2:34-
35,44; 8:35.)
F. jhna vw kjid FJ eh mtJ:
1. . K. 605 iwUF bfhLbryglh, 1:1.
2. vUrny Kakhd brtj FLgij nrjt, 1:3.
3. m wjt, 1:3.
4. fdfSF mjTW nrj tu kW m, 5:12, 14.
178
5. t tfSF cikstuhf Ujh:
a. njtDF, 6:5.
b. uh#hF, 6:4.
G. jhna fjrd jfij vGa jhnaY, vnrna 14:14, 20 kW 28:3 trdf

FlgL jhnaY btntW egfsht. vbua bkh tfSila bga vGJf
khWgLwd.
V. fhy
A. jhna . K. 605M Mo ulh nefhnerhuh iwUF bfhLbryglh.

(ghf, 1:1).
B. jhna kfh ulh nfnuR fhy tiu, ghnyhY, bgahY fdfSF mj
brhYgtuhf, uh#hfSF Mnyhrfuhf Ujh (ghf, 1:21; 6:28; 10:1).
C. KdF fjrdij wfF y mPf 11M mfhuij FJ
fyfkilwd; j mfhu tuyhW tuf f rahf bfhLfgLsd. j
jf filahf Kdfgl ehfh mnahf vg fhyij xo j jf
fhyij FLwhf (. K. 175-164).
D. mofo jiy ubrh mofo ggLjgLsJ (ghf, 7:1,9; 8:1; 9:1). jdh
jhnany j jfij vGdh vgJ bjthwJ. jdh mtUila thehSFshf
fhy FlgLwJ.
VI. ya myFf
A. RUf
1. jhna thif, 1-6.
2. jhna jrdf, 7-12.
B. cslf RUf
1. nefhnerh murit jhna, mfhu 1.
2. nefhnerh fdfS, mjK, mfhu 2.
3. nefhnerh bghiy, jhna _W egfS, mfhu 3.
4. nefhnerh ulhtJ fd mj mjK, mfhu 4.
5. bghrh bfhLj UJ, ghnyh glz , mfhu.5.
6. nkadha j, f bf jhnaY, mfhu 6.
7. ehF Uffis Fj jrd, mfhu 7.
8. 7M mfhu jrd gLjgL, sfgLwJ, mfhu 8.
9. vUrny uik Fj jhna ftiy, Mdh jfSfhd tUfhy uid
fhlgLwJ, mfhu 9.
10. 11-12 mfhufYs brF KDiu, mfhu 10
11. ghydij FJ fhy brLfSF, lhyfSF il elfnghF
nghuhl, mfhu 11-12.
VII. Ka raf
A. njt tuyhiw jkJ fLgho itUjh/ itUwh. mtJ eif itJ, fodkhd
ntisfY mtUF cikstfshf Uf.
179
B. njtDila kf (jf) ghLf D Kotilaiy.
C. njt jkJ nkah _ykhf xU a uh{aij Wth.
D. khfS atfS cnuhL vGggLthf.
VIII. brhf kW/myJ brhbwhlf, Ka egf:
A. brhf kW brhbwhlf
1. fnja vGJ (gh), 1:4
2. ehyh M rha njtuDF xghUwJ, 3:25
3. bknd, bknd, bjnf, cgh, 5:25
4. thd ehY fhWf, 7:2
5. ehY bga Uff rKuUJ vGd, 7:3
6. jff wfglJ, 7:10
7. xU fhyK, fhyfS, miufhyK brYkL, 7:25
8. vGgJ thuf, 9:24
9. u #df, 9:26
10. mUtUghd brilf, 9:27
11. ghHhF mUtU, 11:31
B. Ka egf
1. nahah, 1:1
2. fnja, 2:2
3. bgbjhrh, 2:26
4. fhtyhsdha gRjth, 4:13
5. bghrh, 5:1
6. nkadha j, 5:31-6:1
7. d bfh, 7:8
8. l MRst, 7:9
9. kDFkhu, 7:13
10. djhd xU bfh, 8:9
11. fhna, 8:16
12. fhnt, 10:13
13. bjir uh#h, 11:5
14. tlir uh#h, 11:6
IX. njr tiuglYs lf

1. ndah,1:2
2. nkah, 8:20
3. Nrh, 8:2
4. Vyh, 8:2
5. nuF njr, 8:21
180
XI. khztfSfhd nff
1. vj _W tf fnja vw brh gagLjgoUwJ?
2. 2, 7, 8 mfhufYs jrdf bghUj ahJ?
3. 7:10 kW 12:1 trdf FlgLs ``jff vij FwJ?
4. 9:24-27 trdfSF mjfhgJ V fodkhf UwJ?
5. 11 M mfhu FlgLs uL njrf ahit?
6. uL d bfhf FlgLwd (7:8 kW 8:9), it vij Fwd?
7. knjh bghJthd cbjGjiy FJ vj l FlgLsJ?
181
Xah - mKf
I. jf bga
A. fj bga j jf miHfgLwJ.
B. tUila bgaUF u vW mjkhF. J M nahRth bgauhf UjJ, v. 13:16.
Xbrah (2 uh. 17:1) J xnu bgauhF.
C. Xah vw kj:
1. bgna Fkhu (1:1),
2. untiy nrjt (7:5) Mdh vj glz vW bjaiy,
3. Mnkh r_fia FJ ngaJnghy, Xah clgoifF cikstuhf Uf
ntoa mtaij FJ ngdh.
4. t go miHfgoUwh:
(a) unt vnuah
(b) giHa Vgho nahth mnghjy
(c) unt Kj Rnrf

A. j jf vbua ntjhfk `ìja fjf gFia nrjjhF (vahof
49:10).
B. J a fjf FG gU jff KjyhtjhF (ghgh guh 14M):
1. Vrhah, vnuah, vnrnaiynghy it xnu RU mlFwd.
2. gU nfhufis uJt brwd myJ mikahf milahs viz
brwd.
3. jf ehtir Fj ghuga fnzhlij ugwd.
C. gU myJ a fjf tiria gy mPf fhytirnahL izUwhf.
vwhY j fnzhlY uid UwJ:
1. MT kW LXX Kj MW jff tir ntWghL fhzgLwJ:
MT LXX
Xah Xah
nahnt Mnkh
Mnkh fh
xgah nahnt
nahdh xgah
fh nahdh
2. cshd %gzgo fhytir Mnkhnr XahF Kdh tu ntL.

3. nahnt fhyij FJ mfkhf thfgLwJ. eh mtiu xgahlTl
iwUF wF Jtffhy fjahf goaLnw.
D. Xah gF kw giHa VghL fisl mf fodkhf UwJ.
1. jf czkakhd a jF fhuzkhf Ufyh.
2. ntjghuf ubaLjJ uidahf UwJ. MT Y LXX Y ntWghL UwJ.
3. untYF jhF ilna ngrgl vbua bkh khwK fhuzkhf Ufyh.
III. vtifglJ
A. J vlh whL unt fj thif kW fhyij Fj tuyhW
ciueilahF (Fghf, mfhuf 1-3).
B. njtDila mig fhLgo tUila thif xU fUbjhWik to gagLjgoUwJ:
182
1. njt ciks s neruhf Uwh (1-3)
2. njt ms bgnwuhf Uwh (11)
3. ghfhiy fztdhf Mltdhf idj unty FHgkhd vzij j
cUtff mogilahf bfhoUwd.
C. mHfhd, tyikahd, cztkhd fijahf vGjgoUwJ; Mdh izfglhj
JLfshf csJ (mfhuf 4-14)
IV. vGat
A. Xahit FJ eh mfkhf mahlhY, mtnu vGat vgJ xbfhsgoUwJ.

B. ghgh guh 15m ``bga b#gMyaJ kjf gU fis vGdhf vW
brhygoUwJ. mjhtJ mtf rghjhf myJ bjhFjhf vW mjkhF.
C. y go nfbaGUwhf:
1. jhit Fj Ff, 1:1; 4:15; 5:5,10,12-14; 6:4,11; 8:14; 11:12,
2. tUfhy br kW Ljiyia Fj gFf,
3. 1-2 mfhuf Xah Ukzij FJ glif brhY, 3M mfhu
Kiy brhY tfgLsJ.
D. itfSFa gf:
1. vyh fjfS untYF jhF Vgl sit jtW vnw fUJwhf.
jhnt MufhKF jhJF bfhLfgl clgoif thFjjfSF rltkhd
thR vW fUjgLwJ.
2. fj aha brfis thFjj brfis nrJbfhLUwh.
it xwhf njtDila xnu brahf fhzgLwd.
3. Xah mtUila urff xU bjhFghF.
V. fhy
A. Xah . K. vlh whil nrj fjahth.
1. Vrhah fh jh
2. nahdh, Mnkh, Xah unt
B. Xah Mnkh Caij bjhljh, rkfhy Cabrjh.
C. 1:1 trd FlgLs uh#hf fhyf mt urf brjh:
1. cah (jhit nrjt)
2. nahjh (jhit nrjt)
3. Mfh (jhit nrjt)
4. vnrah (jhit nrjt)
5. ulh babuhbgah (untiy nrjt)
D. gy mPf fUJf:
1. , . K. 790-725
a. 1:4, baT MSiftirF Kghf Jtdh
b. 10:14, Ijh rkdhrh jhFjnghJ Ujh
2. uhnfh, . K. 750-735
a. MnkhRF rnw dh
b. ulh babuhbgah fil ehf
c. . K. 735 F Kdh, Vbdwh mah nyah gFia ojJ
3. Ahr, . K. 722 F Kdh
a. ulh babuhbgah . K. 753 kjh.
b. . K. 739 kdhnf _wh yhnyrUF fgfodh (8:9)
c. 5:8-6:6 trdf (nkY, Vrhah 7-14) . K. 735-734 elj irnuh-vuhpk ngh
ff FlgLsd.
183
d. 7:11; 9:6 kW 12:2 trdf vij Fj Ff Xah fhyij fhLwd.
4. yhnrh, Agh, Z, 753 - Kj . K. 722 F tiu.
a. . K. 753 ulh babuhbgah kuzJF Kghf Jtdh.
b. vnrah MSiftiu
(1) . K. 728UJ cl MSif brjh.
(2) . K. 715UJ uh#h.
c. _wh yhnyr MSifnghJ urjh, . K. 745-727.
VI. tuyhW d
ghf, Vrhah JtfYs ``vlh whL fjf tuyhW d
VII. ya myFf
A. (is uhnfh vGa Introduction to the Old Testament g. 150-163)
1. KDiu, 1:1
2. Xah FLg ff, 1:2-3:5
3. untnyhL njtDila vthj, 4:1-10:15
4. jh mtUila tjnghd FkhuD, 11:1-12
5. bga vd UwJ (ahngh x unt) 12:1-15
6. xU njr kuz, 13:1-16
7. ahaF khW 14:1-9
B. (. n#. v vGa Introduction to the Old Testament g. 252-254)
1. jkJ kfnshL njtDila cw, 1:1-3:5
2. fj btntW brhbghf, 4:1-14:9
a. tlfa nfhuf Fw, 4-8
b. tlfa nfhufSF jlid, 9:1-11:11
c. kdUa kfSF tUfhy Mthjf, 11:12-14:9
VIII. Ka raf
A. ahnt jgl njtdhf Uwh. ght mghd njtDF nuhjkhdjhF, mJ btWknd

clgoif fis Wj kL my (Mnkh).
B. FLg ilghLf cUtf ntjhfkahd RthrJF sfbfhLf Ko:
1. fzt (njt) - kid (unt)
2. bgnwh (njt) - is (unt)
C. ahnt fjrd, g, clgoif itf_ykhf GJnghd kjndhL ilgLtij
bjJbfhoUwh. jF jgl eif, clgoifF gojY njitgLwJ.
D. clgoifF goahik ahaig bfhLtUwJ. aha vnghJnk uik
nehfnjhL bfhLfgLwJ. ir jgl m brayhF (v. 12:5 Kj). unt nghJ
gojh tUfhy Mthjf ilF.
A. brhf kW brhbwhlf
1. nrhunghW, 1:2
2. tHfhLf, 2:2
3. uhrurKs ghu, 3:1
4. xwiufy, 3:2
184
5. iy, 3:4
6. njuh, 3:4
7. fjiu mahf, 5:4,
8. viyia xJFwtfSF, 5:10
9. vuhp ma #dfnshnl fyUwh, 7:8
10. rkhahnt, c fWFo, 8:5
11. fhiw ijJ, Niwfhiw mWghf, 8:7
12. JfbfhlhLwtf mg, 9:4
13. eh vuhpik ifoJ elf gHnd, 11:3
14. uf [hesed] 4:1; 6:6; 10:12; 12:6
B. Ka egf
1. cah, 1:1
2. Mfh, 1:1
3. vnrah, 1:1
4. nahth Fkhudha babuhbgah (II), 1:1
5. nfhnk, 1:3
6. bauna, 1:4
7. nyhUfhkh, 1:6
8. nyhf, 1:9
9. ghfh, 2:16
10. ahnu uh#h, 5:13; 10:6
X. njr tiuglYs lf
1. Mnfh gsjhF, 2:15 (nahRth 7:26)
2. fh, 4:15
3. bgjhnt, 4:15 (bgnj)
4. gh, 5:1
5. jhngh kiy, 5:1
6. ah, 5:8
7. uhkh, 5:8
8. Mjh, 6:7
9. nyah, 6:8
10. ghfhngnah, 9:10
11. gndh, 14:6-7
XI. khztfSfhd nff

1. Xah xU grhia kzjhuh?
2. untnyhLs njtDila clgoif gjidFajh myJ iyah?
3. ghfhY nfhnkU vgo ahntF untYF bjhlilatfshf Uwhf?
4. 6:1-3 trdf V nghahd kdUjyhf fUjgLwd?
5. 7:4-6 kW 8:4 trdf ``mtf vW FlgLwtf ah?
6. 8:13 trd 11:5 trdJF Kughlhdjhf Uwjh?
7. unt vJfh myJ mahfh vnf ehLfljgL? sFf, 11:5 xLf, 7:10, 8:13
kW 9:3.
8. V vyh giHa VghL fjfS mua Tlia foUwhf?
185
nahnt - mKf
I. jf bga
B. tUila bga njtid Fj uL bgaf nrifahF:
1. ahnt, njtDila clgoif bga.
a. J vw vGnjhL xU cbrhnyhL JtF vj vbua bgaU ahnt
RUfkhF.
b. ah vw brhnyhL Ko vj vbua bgaU ahnt RUfkhF (vah).
2. V - njtDF bghJthd bga.
3. j uL brhfSF il xU idbrhiy nrf ntL - ahnt Vahf
Uwh.
C. J f rhjhuzkhd vbua bgauhF. tuyhW jff g_WF nkgnlh
FlgLwhf.

A. j jf vbua ntjhfk ``fjf gFia nrjjhF.
B. J ``gUt vw RU xU gFahF. tfSila f s Fiw fhuzkhf a
fjf vW miHfgLwhf.
III. vtifglJ
A. J gh ciueilahf, gh wghd vbua fij eilY UwJ.
B. nahnt ntW gy fjfis FLwh:
1. nahnt 1:15 - Mnkh 4:9; Vrhah 13:6 4. nahnt 3:10 - Vrhah 2:4; fh 4:3
2. nahnt 2:3 - Vrhah 51:3 myJ vnr. 36:35 5. nahnt 3:16 - Mnkh 1:2
3. nahnt 2:10 - Vrhah 13:10 6. nahnt 3:18 - Mnkh 9:13
C. nahnt fil fhy cUtf, fjUila eh vw brh btgLjgLsJ.
D. btLf thijF mjfhgJ Fj bfhiff, 1:4; 2:25.
1. milahs/ cUtfyhdJ
a. jfSila jF 2:25 b. 6M whL c. jt iuahsf
brLth ifbaGJ (18M whL)
u gf Xu F
1) kf 1) vaf 1) ma
2) bkhf 2) ghnyhaf 2) fnjah
3) MSifbrjtf 3) maf 3) kbfnjhah
4) uh{af 4) nuF njr 4) nuhkh
5) nuhkf
2. flj fhy tuyhW

a. fj vbua id brh flj fhyij gagLJwh.
b. fj thifUJ ffis vLJ, tUfhy d mij bfhLF
fjrd ahf J UwJ. unt tUfhy mJ W RthrnjhL
kdUjnyhL bjJbfhStij rhUwJ.
3. tUfhy tuyhW
a. unt ghtf fhuzkhf cikahd jhFj tunghwJ
b. btLfis FJ tf uhQt cUtff gagLjgoUwd:
1) Fiufis nghy Uwd
186
2) ujfisnghy rjbkGwd
3) xGfhf mtFJ brYwd.
c. nahnt btgLj 9:3-11 trdfis FLtJnghy njhWwJ.
4. filfhyJFaJ
a. fjUila eh vgJ gogl ya eilF bghUjkhf UwJ.
b. tzfis, Uffis gagLJtJ gogl ya eilF bghUjkhf
UwJ.
IV. vGat
A. fj bgaU mtUila jfgdh bgaU kLnk ekF bjwJ, bgJnt Fkhudha

nahnt, 1:1.
B. fjia FJ uL ghugaf fhzgLwd:
1. %g nfhuij nrjt (Nnlh- vga)
2. jhit nrjt, Mya xGFKiwfis mUwh.
V. fhy
A. j jfJF rahd fhyij FLtJ fodkhF. J Jtffhy myJ filahd
fjrd f xwhf Ufyh vW . nfbg khf brhUwh:
1. Ys Mjhufis bfhL uL fhyf FlgLwd:
a. iwUF tU fhy:
1) btLf thij Fj cUtf jh jhfgLtJ Fj mRWj
bfhLfgLwJ.
2) 3:2 trdUJ unt Vbfdnt iwUF brWlJ bjwJ. nghJ
`ùnt vw bga jhit Ff gagLjgLwJ, 2:27; 3:1-2,16.
3) 3:6 trd nuf moik ahghu FlgLwJ. J iwUF tj
fhyflkhF.
4) 3:1,17 trdfUJ jh Vbfdnt iwUF brWlJ, mJ bjhlJ
ghtbrjh kWgokhf jhfgL vW bjwJ.
5) uh#h bga Flglhjgoah J iwUF tj dF
bghUjkhf UwJ. nahnt _gfSF MrhafSF jdJ bria
bfhLjh.
6) jhtUgtf ``tlir nrid vW FlgLwhf, J bkbrhbghjha
jhFjiy (mah, ghnyh, bgah) Ffyh, 2:20.
7) iwUF Kija fhyij nrj ghfh tghL Flgliy.
b. iwUF Ktj fhy:
1) Mya FlgLtJnghy njhWwJ, 1:9, 13-14; 2:17.
2) 3:4,6,8 trdf FlgLs vf (ngnfa, bgah, Vnjh, rnga)
iwUF Ktj fhyij nrjtf.
2. btUJ ilF %gz:
a. vbua ntjhfk j l J iwUF Kija fhyij nrjJ vW
czJwJ.
b. Mdh tU MnkhR fjUila ehis FJ btLf thijia
aha vW ngRwgoah, J MnkhRF mLjgoahf itfgoUfyh.
Mthj tUif FJ FlgoUwJ. J iwUF tj fhyJF
bghUjkhdjhf UwJ.
3. iwUF tj Jtffhynk rahf UF vW Ma idwh.
B. ghyd jhFj mogil fhy Fj bfhiff:
1. nahth MSif fhy (. K. 837-800)
2. cah MSiffhy (. K. 783-742)
3. njah MSiffhy (. K. 598-586)
187
4. brUghng fhy (. K. 598)
5. kah fhy (. K. 430)
6. fil fhy njtDila kf jhfgLj
C. itfSF il ya rgj fhzgLwJ:
1. nahnt 2:32 kW xgah 17. ituLnk iwUF Jtffhyij nrjit.
2. nahnt 3:16 kW Mnkh 1:2. nahnt gy fjfis nknfhshf FgJnghy Mnkhir
FoUfyh.
D. nahnt fhyij FJ #h fh go FLwh: ``rakhf vij Tw Koahjgoah,
mt nghj fhyij khfhk Ltnj eykhF. J mf KakhdJ my. Xah
fhyij maKoahk nghtJ thrffSF bga Hghf UF. Vbdwh tuyhiw rahf
mahk gy gFfSF sf bfhLf KoahJ. Mdh nahntYF J mtaiy. Vbdwh
mtUila fhy rayhjjhf UjhY, mtUila nfhghL KkhdjhF.
VI. tuyhW d
The National Geographic Magazine org 1915 (XXVIII, No. 6) j ghyd xU btL
thijia FJ FLwJ. fj FLtij Jbfhs j fLiu cjahf
UF.
VII. ya myFf
A. mit clhF btL f thij, jhtU nridF milahskhf fhlgLsJ, 1:1-
2:27
B. fjUila eh njtDila kdUa kfSF xU rhgkhf my, Mthjkhf UF, 2:28-3:21
(brgah jF vkhwhdJ fhlgoUwJ)
VIII. Ka raf
A. fj jdJ ehf ffis tuUF tUfhy ff KHyhf ghwh.
B. nahnt nja kdUj ehSfhf miH Lwh, 1:13-14; 2:12-17.
C. njtDila kf kdUthfshdh njt ruufhukhf, MFaahf br

a ehis bfhLtUth (cgh. 27-28.)
D. njt RUF njrfis ahagh! 3:1-17
E. j MFa Jj a eh (ghf, 2:28-29) tf jhf isF:

1. MfS, bgfS,
2. KatU isatU,
3. moikfS, RahdU. (ghf, m. 2; fyh. 3:28)
F. fjUila eh vgJ Mnkh, nahnt, brgah _tU gagLa brhbwhluhF. mJ ekF
Mthj ehshf UFkh myJ aha ehshf UFkh vgJ nghJ eh njtDF
vgo brrhnwh vgij rhUwJ.
G. 2:13 trd njtDila Fzhra tfgLsJ (ghf, ah. 34:6; r. 103:8-13; benf. 9:17).
H. 2:28-32 trdf Mahdt CwgLj a clgoif fhyij ugwJ (ghf, vnu.

31:31-34; vnr. 36:26-27).
A. brhf kW brhbwhlf
1. m isf btikahW, 1:7
188
2. fjUila eh rgkhUwJ, 1:15
3. nahny vfhs CJf, 2:1,15
4. cf tufisay, cf Ujafis J, 2:13
5. Uig (hesed), 2:13
6. eh khrkhd ahtnkY v Mia CWnt, 2:28 (m. 2:16Kj)
7. fjUila ehkij bjhGJbfhSwtbdtndh mt ufgLth, 2:32 (m. 2:21;
nuhk 10:13.)
8. mtf v #dng LnghL, 3:3
9. cf kbtofis glafshf, cf mthfis <ofshf mof... 3:10
B. Ka egf
1. rttyt (El Shaddai), 1:15
2. rnga, 3:8
X. njr tiuglYs lf
1. U, 3:4 5. Vnjh, 3:19
2. njh, 3:4 6. nah, 2:1
3. bgah 7. gsjhF, 3:18
4. ahth (nuF njr)
XI. khztfSfhd nff

1. 1:4 trd FlgL btLf ahrkhditah myJ btL f thif
RH ntW gUtij nrjjh?
2. Mrhaf V ygo brhygoUwJ?
3. 1:15 trd gagLjgLs njtDila bgaUF tiuaiw bfhLf.
4. 2M mfhuYs vj uL trdf a Vgho gagLjgLsd? ahuh?
5. 3:15 mgona mjbfhs Toajh myJ cUtfkh? V?
189
Mnkh - mKf
I. jf bga
B. Mnkh vg mj:
1. ``xU ghukhf Uj
2. ``xU ghuij Rkj
3. ``jhFj
4. xU uf ghuga j bga mtUila bria vjtfsh bfhLfglJ vW
brhygoUwJ. mt bjthf ngriy myJ ngdh vgij J FwJ,
C. giHa Vgho F kLnk j bga fhzgLwJ.

A. J ``fhya fjf gFia nrjjhF.
B. J ``gUt vw RU xU gFahF. J a fjf goayhF.
C. J MT a fjf tir _whtJ lY, brLtho ulhtJ lY
itfgLsJ.
III. vtifglJ
A. J vGitj fjf Kj yhF.
B. J neahd vbua fjrdkhf UwJ. mjkhd vbua fijF, cUtfJF J
vLJfhlhf UwJ.
IV. vGat
A. bjnfhthit nrj Mnkhnr j Ma vW j ghuga brhYwJ.

B. t:
1. bgynfKF bjHnf IJ ik bjhiyUj bjnfhthit nrj xU nja.
2. t xU fjahfnth myJ fjrd FLg myJ Tl xU gFahfnth
Ufiy (ghf, 7:14). M fjf xU rKjhakhf nrJ thjhf. fhy
y mukid Ujhf.
3, t xU a MLkijia nkgtuhf Ujh (ghf, 1:1). tiu Fl gagLjgLs
mtkhd brh MLF brhjfhuiu Ff gagLjgLwJ (ghf, 2 uh. 3:4).
4. mt: 1) gH kufSF brhjfhu myJ 2) fhl gHfis bghWFwt (ghf, 7:14).
jdh MLnjhW gy lfSF bry ntoUjJ. J mgHij nghUjJ.
rahf gGf ntLkhdh jjahf Fitf ntL. ka HF kfSF J f
Kakhd guhf UjJ. jhJ jfhf xU nrj nkghitahsiu ajh (ghf, 1
ehsh. 27:28).
5. t trahd bjhyg vW j ghuga brhYwJ. t xU uhkJ bjhyh vw
nghija fUJF nuhjkhdjhf UwJ. Mdh mtUila fij ne, ya
wD j ghuga rahf UwJ vnw cWgLJwJ! 2 rhKnt 14:2 trdfUJ
bjnfhth mj PhdKs FokfSF bgabgwJ vW bjwJ. tnu unt jdJ
brfis vGitj fjahth. 5:1; 7:1-9; 8:1 kW 9:1 trdfYs jik bga
brhfis ftf.
6. t unty tlfa uh{aJF urjh. bgnj urf br l vW eh
mnth. Jnghy unt nkY gy lfS UUfyh.
C. vGat Fj uid:
1. t xU va giz ntiyfhu vW jf RofhLtJnghy njhWwJ.
190
2. Mdh vGJeil, fij neahf Uwgoah, t ewhf fWnjj eguhf
Uf ntL.
3. tUila urff thbkhahf bfhLfgld vW brhygLwJ. Mdh it eF
totikfgoUwd; vGjglit vnw fhLwd.
4. Mnkh vGJt myJ ubaLg cjia bgUf ntL vW idwhf.
V. fhy
A. j jf fhyfl . K. 750 M MLF Kdh gJ tUl Kj dh gJ
tUlfSFshf UF.
B. Mnkh jf Kj trd, vj giHa VghL jffisl tuyhW brfis
bfhLg f skhd trdkhf UwJ:
1. cah . K. 783-742 MLf MSifbrjh (iu)
2. ulh babuhbgah . K. 786-746 MLf MSifbrjh (iu)
3. a j jf fhyij ff cjahf UwJ (ghf, 1:1; 8:8; 9:1,5).
n#hrg ij cah glnjhL bghU TWwh, ghf, 2 ehsh. 26:16-21. MnrhUF
mUnf eljgl ijbghU Mf . K. 760 fhyflij Fwd. (Yadin, 1964).
C. 5:8 kW 8:9 trdf ufzij g FlgLsJ., J ma Mtzf . K. 763
#] 15M eh fjjhf Flgl ufzkhf Ufyh. vwhY . K. 784 bgUt 9M
eh KGikahd ufz fUwJ.
D. ulh babuhbgah mfhuHhf bragl bgnj Mrhadha mkahit Mnkh
vbfhlJ j jf fhyij fzl cjahf UwJ (ghf, 7:10-17).
VI. tuyhW d
A. ntjhfkahd izahd gF j trdf fhzgLwJ:
1. 2 uh#hf 14:3-17:6 4. Vrhah
2. 2 ehshfk 25-28 5. fh
3. Xah
B. njtDila kf eLnt ufhuhjid fhzglJ Xah tfgLsJ:
1. 2:16, mfhy vid ghfh vW brhyhk
2. 4:12-13, ... Fkhuf ntjd brwhf ...
3. 4:17, vuhp uffnshL izUwh, mtid nghfL
4. 13:2, fWFofis KjLwhf! (rlF)
C. rKjha d
1. J unt, jh UtUF bghUshjhu br, uhQt bgUfK iwj fhyflkhf
UjJ. vwhY brtj kLnk j brgh gadiljhf. ViHf xLfglhf.
xLFtJ kbwhU ufhuhjidahf MoUjJ!
2. unt kW jh r_f ujikF, brF gy fhuzf Ujd:
a. tlnf ulh babuhbgah lfhy brghd MSif (. K.786-746) kW bjnf
cah MSif (. K. 783-742).
b. vJ bkbrhbghjah jhfhfkhf ailUjd.
c. . K. 802 _wh Mjh-uh Hhf maf ahit njhfoUjhf.
d. untYF jhF il rilf iy.
e. ghyd tahf tlUJ bjnf brw thgghij _ykhf ttNj
kW jtwhf gagLJj _ykhf Jjkhd bghUshjhu ts clhaJ.
lhfkhf brytF brtj r_f cUthaJ.
3. ulh babuhbgah fhy ilj rkhah VLfUJ ulh babuhbgah
rhbyhnkhid nghy wghd thf mikig bfhoUjh vW bjwJ. jdh
UgtfSF yhjtfSF il s mfkhaJ.
191
4. brtjf neikik ``r_f fj vW miHfgL Mnkh jf
bjthf fgLsJ. untY jhY fhzgl jtwhd gHfJF gf
yr thaJ, bghahd vilf gagLjglJ vLJfhLfshf Uwd.
D. rka d
1. J bkahd Rthr yhk btaufkhd rlFf iwj fhyflkhF. fhdha
rka gHff unty rkaJFshf EiHJoUjd. kf uffis tz,
nanfhthit tzFtjhf Tdhf. njtDila kf mua TlfSF mf l
bfhLjgoah, w#h tghLf kW braghLfSF l bfhLf ntoUjJ.
2. unt ufhuhjid 2 uh#hf 17:7-18 trdf tfgLsJ.
a. tr. 8, tf fhdha tghLfis gdhf.
1) nkhrkhd ghYw tghLf
(a) nkilf, tr. 9, 10, 11
(b) iyf (ghfh), tr. 10, 16
(c) tr. 16 ghfh bg bjt ku iyfis cUthdhf, myJ cUs
kufis tglhf.
2) Fnfl, tr. 17 ny. 19-20; cgh. 18 trdf ij FJ mfkhf brhy
gLsJ.
b. tr. 16, tf ahntF milahskhf fUjgl uL bghfWFofis bjhlJ
tglhf. Kjyh babubgah itfis jhY bgnjY WUjh (1 uh.
12:28-29).
c. tr. 16, ghnyha bjtfsha thdnridia - Na, ru, eruf, eru
klyfis tzdhf.
d. tr. 18, tf ngnfa m bjtkha nkhnsFit tzdhf (ghf, ny.
18:21; 20:2- 5).
3. ghfh tzf (ghf, W. F. Albright vGa Archaeology and the Religion of Israel, gf
82Kj).
a. fh ghfh uhzfij ekF wj Mjhukhf UwJ.
1) ghfhiy gUt kJ, cnuhblG bjtkhf fhLwJ. nkh tid njhfoJ
ghjhsJF jdh. Mdh bg njtij cjia bgW t xbthU
trj fhyY vGJ. nkhil njhfowh. t kuf_y tglgl
xU br bjtkhth.
2) t Mjh vW miHfglh.
b. V fhdh jiyik bjtkhf UjhY, ugykhd ghfh t lij
vLJbfhlJ.
c. unt U ghfh tzf guaJ. U uh#h kfshf Uj narng
_ykhf J guaJ. c tis jdJ kf MfhF kzbrJitjh.
d. unt ghfh cqUj nkilf tzfglJ. xU cajgl f tDF
milahskhF. mbuh tDila bg njtijahth. xU brJfgl ku myJ
cnuhLs ku tSF milahskhF.
4. gntW jkhd ufhuhjid FlgLsJ.
a. ahntit MuhFgoahf Kjyh babuhbgah jhY, bgnjY Wa bgh
fWFof.
b. cq nkilf U br bjtf tglgLj.
c. mj ehf mua TlfSfhf ufhuhjid njitglJ.
E. tlnf mua d
1. ulh babuhbgahnk unt fil rthj uh#hthf Ujh. t baT
t ehfhtjhf tjt. MSif brtjhf Kdfgltf filahdt (ghf,
2 uh. 10:30). t l fhy muaahf btnahL MSifbrjh (. K. 786-746).
2. ulh babuhbgah kuzJF wF 25ML fhyfl MW uh#hf Ujhf.
a) rfah (2 uh. 15:8-12). MW khjJFshf t bfhyglh.
192
b) r (2 uh. 15:13-15). xnu khj t bfhyglh.
c) bkdhnf (2 uh. 15:16-22). t gjhLf MSifbrjh. Mdh _wh
yhnyrUF mfkhf fgfodh.
d) bgfhah (2 uh. 15:23-26). ulhLf MSifbrj wF bfhyglh.
e) bgfh (2 uh. 15:27-21). IjhLf MSifbrj wF bfhyglh. t gy
glzfis ma iff Hjh.
f) Xbrah (2 uh. 15:30, 17:1-6). t xgJ MLf MSifbrjh. . K. 722 rkhah
jnghJ, mahF ehLfljglh.
3. vlh who ghyd jhfij VgLa mah kW ghnyh jhFjf:
a) mah il-IuhJ nguuR vGbgw ntis ehF vlh whL
fjf Cabrjhf. njt jkJ kfis, Fghf untiy ahaFgo
j bfhûkhd kfis gagLdh. xU mua kW uhQt Tl cUthaJ.
J `ìrnuh-vuhp vW miHfglJ (. K. 735), mahF vuhd
ngh jh jfnshL nrJbfhSgo untY ah gjd. Mdh
Mfh cjfhf mahF foj vGdh. rthj ma uh#htha _wh
yhnyr ij VWbfhL ahit jhdh (. K. 745-727), mah
bghik uh#hthf afgl Xbrah (. K. 732-722) vJ fyfbrJ, v cjia
ehodh. Ijh rkdhrh (. K. 727-722) kWgokhf untiy jhdh. untiy
mlFtjF Kghf t kJnghdh. Mdh mtDF tj ulh rnfh
(. K. 722-705) . K. 722 unt jiyefuha rkhahit ojh. . K. 732
yhnyr Mufzfhndhiu ehLflaJnghy, j ntis 27000F nkgl
unty mahF bfhLbryglhf.
b) Mfh kuzJF wF (. K. 735-715) nahjhDF fiu ehLf mahF
vuhf vnjhL nrJ kbwhU Tlia cUthd (. K. 714-711). J mnjh
fyf. vW miHfgLwJ. mah kWgokhf jhanghJ gy nja glzf
mfgld. Jtf vnrah j TlF Mju bjjhY wF Mjuit
ybfhlh.
c) . K. 705 mah tyikahd uh#htha ulh rnfh kjnghJ, kbwhU
Tl ij rhjfkhf gagLbfhs KawJ. vnrah j v KGikahf
gFbfhlh. j fhuzkhf rdbf (. K. 705-681) untiy jh (. K. 701)
vUrny glzJfUnf ghsawdh (2 uh. 18-19; Vrhah 36-39), Mdh njt
mjjkhf mtDila nridia mJnghlh. rdbf vjid Kiw ghydij
jhdh vgJ FJ mPfilna fUJ ntWghL fhzgLwJ. (vLJfhlhf:
iu . K. 701 xU jhFjiy, . K. 688 kbwhU jhFjiy FLwh)
ma jhFjUJ vnrah j iHjhY, mt jh bghfis
bgUiknahL ghnyhaUF fhoagoah, Vrhah jh ghnyh iff GJnghF
vW mjh (39:1-8). . K. 587-586 MLf vUrny nefhnerh iff
GJnghdJ.
d) nka bga uh#htha ulh nfhnuRHhf njtDila kf bghUjgz
gLthf vW Vrhah Kdjh (41:2-4; 44:28; 45:1; 56:11). nt . K. 612
ghnyha nridl njhWnghW. Mdh ghnyhh . K. 539 nfhnuR
nridl HJnghW. . K. 538 jf cgl iwU Uj vnyhU jf
ehLfSF Ugyh vW nfhnuR mjh. mjj njrJ Myafis fl jdJ
bghUJ cj mjh.
VII. ya myFf
A. njrfSF vuhd FwrhLf 1:1-2:3 (2:16tiuYTl)
1. ah (jkF), 1:3-5
2. bgah (fhrh), 1:6-8
3. ngnfah (U), 1:9-10
4. Vnjh, 1:11-12
193
5. mnkh, 1:13-15
6. nkhth, 2:1-3
B. njtDila kfSF vuhd nrj FwrhLf, 2:4-6:14
1. jh, 2:4-5
2. unt, 2:6-6:14 (unt jhd aha d 6:14 tiu)
C. aha Fj jrdf, 7:1-9:10
1. btL, 7:1-3
2. m, 7:4-6
3. F, 7:7-17
4. gGj gHf, 8:1-14
5. milfy mfgLwJ, 9:1-10
D. nkah Fj eif, 9:11-15
VIII. Ka raf
A. unt nkhnr clgoifia agoah njtDila nfhghidF MshUwJ vW

Mnkh RofhLwh. giHa Vgho kf xLbkhj bghWF, jgl RthrJF
ilyhd cwit eh czUtJ mtakhF. unt fhzglJnghy rKjhaahd ght
uid nghJ fhzgLwJ. vwhY ekJ ijf bgUghY uL jF iyf
fhzgLwd:
1. ekJ jgl thif RthrK;
2. ekJ xLbkhj bghJthd r_f thif.
B. fj unt clgoifF btnas njrfis ahagjF njtDila cyfsha
uh#fnk dahf UwJ. unt xU bjt bfhifia JbfhStjF Jnt
mogilahf UwJ.
C. mfhu 2:9-12, untYF vuhd njtDila ahaig tuyh mtUila Uigahd
braf mogil ghf ntL. vtl mf bfhLfgLwnjh mtl mf
nffgL vgij eh id itUf ntL (ghf, fh 12:48)
D. mfhu 5 Rthrij thifia f Koahj tif izwJ! brtj ViHfis
RuLtij Mnkh vwh.
E. unt itfJ bghahd eif itUjJ:
1. jdJ rka (ghf, 4:4-5; 5:21-23).
2. jdJ bghUshjhu br (ghf, 6:1Kj).
3. jdJ uhQt tik, (ghf, 2:14-16; 6:1, 13).
F. unt cikyhUj kY, njtDila clgoif, njtDila nkah
eif UwJ, 9:8M-15.

A. brhf kW brhbwhlf
1. m, 1:1
2. k, 1:7
3. brnfh, 1:8
4. mt VnjhKila uh#h vYfis whf RLnghlhnd., 2:1
5. vatid xU n#hL ghjuirF Wnghlhfns, 2:6; 8:6
6. gl bfhf, 3:14
7. ahid jjjh bragl Lf, 3:15
8. cf goiffis gifJ btWnw, 5:21
194
9. bfhGikahd Uff, 5:22
10. F, 7:7
11. rkhah njh, 8:14
B. Ka egf
1. ernua, 2:12
2. ghrh khLf, 4:1
3. xghghl mjtf, 5:16
4. Tlhu (Sikkuth), 5:26
5. brh%gf rghJ (Kiyyun), 5:26
6. mkah, 7:10
7. ulh babuhbgah, 7:10
8. jrd ghwt, 7:12
X. njr tiuglYs lf
1. bjnfhth, 1:1
2. fnk, 1:2
3. nyah, 1:3
4. fhrh, 1:6
5. mnjh, 1:8
6. mfnyh, 1:8
7. vnuh, 1:8
8. njkh, 1:12
9. nghwh, 1:12
10. ugh, 1:14
11. bgnj, 4:4
12. fh, 4:4
13. nrhnjh, 4:11
14. bgbabrgh, 5:5
15. Mkh, 6:14
16. jh, 8:14
XI. khztfSfhd nff

1. Mnkh xU ViH trhah myJ xU gzfhu bjhyguh?
2. eh ekJ jgl ghtfSfhf myJ rKjha xLbkhj ghtJfhf vjF bghWghf
Unwh?
3. 3:2-8 trdf tWjgLtJ vd?
4. bgnjY fhY V FwrhlgLwd? 4:4-5 trdfYs rka eltoif V Fw
rhlgLwJ?
5. njt V unt gfis wfjh?
6. 5:25-26 trdfSF mjfhgJ V fodkhf UwJ?
7. Mnkh g xGFKiwia FiwbrhYwhuh?
8. njt jkJ kdij khbfhSthuh?
9. kdUjYF kF ilyhd bjhl vd? (mfhu 7)
10. njtDila aha akhdjh myJ cyfJF kL cajh?
195
xgah - mKf
I. jf bga
B. j bga mj `àhnt nrtf vgjhF.
C. J xU bghJthd vbua bgauhF, (ghf, 1 uh. 18:3; 1 ehsh. 3:12; 7:3; 8:38; 9:16,44; 12:9; 27:19; 2 ehsh.
17:7; 34:12; vwh 8:9; benf. 10:5; 12:25)

A. J ``fhya fjf gFia nrjjhF (vahof 49:10).
B. J ``gUt vw RU xU gFahF. J a fjf nrifahF (ghgh guh
14M)
1. Vrhah, vnuah, vnrnaiynghy it xU RU mlFwd.
2. milahsahd vif _y gU nfhujhiu uJt brtjhf
fUjgLwJ.
3. jff fhytir Fj ghuga fnzhlij ugwJ.
MT LXX
Xah Xah
nahnt Mnkh
Mnkh fh
xgah nahnt
nahdh xgah
fh nahdh

III. vtifglJ - neahd vbua fjrd fij
IV. vGat
A. fjia FJ ekF xW bjahJ.

B. gntW bfhiff:
1. rdbfj 39M (lhk) t 1 uh#hf 18:3-16 trdf FlgL Mfh uh#h
nrtf vW brhYwJ.
2. Nnlh vg (Jtffhy rig) jdJ ``fjf thif , t 2 uh#hf 1:12
trd Kj FlgLw mfah uh#h (. K. 842) uhQt ca mfhahf Ujh
vW brhygoUwJ.
3. t vUrny mit ne fl xUt vW (ghnyhid nrj ulh nefhnerh .
K. 586 mjh) #h fh brhUwh.
C. j bga xU gl bgauhf Ufyh.
V. fhy
A. j jf vnuah 49:7-12 trdfnshL (xg. tr. 1-9), nahnt 2:32 trdnjhL (xg. 10) bkha
196
ahf bjhlbfhoUwJ.
1. . n#. v tfis j tir itwh: xgah, vnuah
2. M. nf. Ahr tfis j tir itwh: vnuah, xgah, (. K. 450) kW nahnt
(. K. 400). J j jfij iwUF tj Jtffhy yhf fhLwJ.
3. a tfis j tir itwh: xgah, nahnt, vnuah
B. j jf Vnjh jhit jh, vUrnyik mRWJ xU fhy FlgLwJ. j
fhyfis Flyh:
1. vUrny v ghnthdha hdh, bubfhbgah MSif IjhtJ Mo
jhfglJ, . K. 922-915 (ghf, 1 uh. 14:25-28; 2 ehsh. 12:2-10).
2. nahuh MSifHhf, . K. 849-842 vUrny mua Tl kW bgjuh ofglJ
(ghf, 2 uh. 8:20Kj; 2 ehsh. 21:16-17; 22:1.
3. nahth MSifnghJ, . K. 837-800, vUnry afsh ofglJ (ghf, 2 ehsh.
24:23-24).
4. mkah MSifnghJ, Vnjhik njhfoj wF untyh (nahth) vUrny
ofglJ (ghf, 2 uh. 14:7-14 (. K. 842)
5. Vnjha jhit jhdhf (ghf, 2 ehsh. 28:17; 19:8-9; 2 uh. 16:1-20).
6. nefhnerh gyKiw vUrnyik jhdh, . K. 605, 597, 586, 582:
a. . K. 605 nahah MSif (ghf, jh. 1:1-2)
b. . K. 597 nahah MSif (ghf, 2 uh. 24:8-17; 2 ehsh. 36:9-10; vnr.)
c. . K. 586 njah MSif (ghf, 2 uh. 24:18-25:21; 2 ehsh. 36:11-21; yg; r.
137:7)
d. . K. 582 bfjah, ghnyha MSe (ghf, 2 uh. 25:22-26)
C. mPf uL fhyfis FLwhf:
1. babuhbgah MSif Jtffhy (. K. 849-842) Vbdwh:
a. gU f j jf l:
(1) 8M whL - Mnkh, Xah, fh, (nahnt?), xgah
(2) 7M whL - ehT, MgT, brgah
(3) iwUF wF - Mfh, rfah, kah
b. xgah Mya mit FJ Fliy
c. FlgL njrf iwUF KtUgitahF
d. 8M whL fjfsh fofgl mnjnghw ghtf fhzgLwd.
e. munka brhfnsh, kufnsh myJ btghLfnsh iy.
2. ulh nefhnerh vUrnyik oj ija fhy
a. tr. 11-14 . K. 586 vUrny jjF bghUjkhf UwJ.
b. j jhFj Vnjh gbfLjJ
(1) jh fTjJ
(a) r. 137:7
(b) y. 2:15-17; 4:21
(c) vnr. 36:2-6
(d) 1 vwh 4:45, 50
(2) jh cjaJ:
(a) vnr. 25:12-14
(b) vnr. 35:1-15
VI. tuyhW d
A. Vnjh, fjrd yF, tr. 1-9, 18, 21
1. Vnjh rhflYF Hnfs ehL, ahnfh rnfhjudha Vrh (ghf, M. 25-29; 32- 33).
Vnjh vwh t vW Vrh vwh nuhknghjt (ghf, M. 25:25, 30).
2. Vnjhik kFgo untYF flis bfhLfgoUjJ (ghf, cgh. 23:7)
3. untYF VnjhKF bjhlj uidf Ujd:
197
a. v. 20:14-21
b. ah. 11:16-17
c. 1 rhK. 14:47-48
d. 2 rhK. 8:14
e. 1 uh. 11:14-25
f. 2 uh. 14:22; 16:5-6
g. 2 ehsh. 20:10-30; 21:8Kj
h. Mnkh 1:6, 9
4. VnjhKF nuhjkhd kw fjrdf:
a. Vrhah 34:5Kj; 63:1Kj
b. vnu. 49:7-22
c. y. 4:21-22
d. vnr. 26:12Kj; 35:1Kj; 36:2-6
e. Mnkh 1:11-12
5. itf fhuzkhf Vnjh FwrhlglJ:
a. mj bgUik, tr. 3-4
(1) aahd ghJfh
(2) mua Tl, uhQt tik
(3) thg brt
(4) ghugakhd Phd
b. jdJ djhuha jhit mJ btWjJ, tr. 10-14
(1) vUrny fhf fTjJ (y. 2:15-17; 4:21)
(2) cjbra kWjJ (tr. 15)
(3) vF neuoahf cjaJ (tr. 14)
(4) jh cilikfis vLJbfhlJ (vnu. 13:19)
c. mJ ahntit wfJ, btWjJ (tr. 16)
B. Vnjh njtDF njtDila kfSF nuhjkhf vGj vyh njrJF milahskhf UwJ,
tr. 15-21 (ghf, r. 2).
C. fjrd tuyhWtkhd %gz Jthf Ufyh:
1. vUrny F IjhLfSF wF Vnjh a ghnyhdh mfglJ, . K. 580
2. . K. 550-449 MLf Vnjh bguh gFUJ egha muafsh ulgLj (ghf,
k. 1:2-5). RYUj nuhf Fj benfah goa Vnjh lbgwiy, Mdh
mua gHFof lbgUwhf. Vnjh benf ghiytdJF FobgajJ.
3. . K. 312 mbyrhj jsgaha monfhd Vnjhik njhfojh (oanlhu
brTy gbragLsJ)
4. . K. 175 benf Uj Vnjha jh kfngth njhfofglhf (ghf, 1 kfnga
5:3,15; 2 kfnga 10:15; nahrg vGa Antiquities of the Jews 12:8:1; 13:9:1)
5. . K. 125 #h nfdrh Vnjha j rkaij VWbfhSgo gfglhf.
nghJ mtf Jnka vW miHfglhf.
6. . . 70 nuhk jsgaha ill Jnka brthif KYkhf mJnghlh.
VII. ya myFf
j RUf j UJ vLfgoUwJ: The New International Commentary series on Joel.
Obadiah, Jonah, and Micah by Allen, p. 142
A. Vnjh mfgLj (2-9)
1. Vnjh (2-4)
2. Vnjh jgl KGik (5, 6)
3. Vnjh ner ehLf Jnuhf (7)
4. Vnjh Phdij nghuiu HJnghFj (8, 9)
198
B. Vnjh jtwhd braf (10-14, 15M)
1. rnfhjuDF brj bfhLik (10, 11)
2. Vnjh nfbrj (12)
3. Vnjh Wj (13)
4. Vnjh v tuUF gthfgLjY (14, 15M)
C. fjUila eh Vnjh (15m, 16-21)
1. fjUila eh (15m, 16)
2. ahdtf gF (17, 21)
3. jh m Vnjh bfhSjgLj (18)
4. y Ug bgwgLwJ (19, 20)
VIII. Ka raf
A. njtDila vfS, njtDila kf vfS jofgLthf. Vnjh vJ F,
mRthahd ehLF khahf UwJ (ghf, tr. 15)
B. njt jkJ clgoif thFjjfgo jkJ kfis kikgLJth. gRjnk jkJ
kfSFa fj yfhf UwJ.
C. tuyhW Niy KGtJkhf khwgL. Vnjh mfgL; njtDila kf Mtf
gLthf.

A. brhf kW brhbwhlf
1. fGifnghy caunghdhY 1:4
2. c rnfhjudha ahnfhF brj bfhLikj 1:10
3. vUrnyng Lnghl fhy 1:11
4. fjUila eh rgkh tUwJ 1:15
B. Ka egf
1. Vrh, 1:8
X. njr tiuglYs lf
1. Vnjh, 1:1
2. njkh, 1:9
3. nah kiy, 1:17
4. benf, 1:19, 20
5. Vrh kiy, 1:19
6. nyah, 1:19
XI. khztfSfhd nff

1. xgah jf ika fUbghU vd?
2. Vnjh V ts fLikahf ahafglJ?
3. Vnjh V kw ehLfSF xU milahskhf UwJ?
4. a Vgho xgah nknfhshf FlgoUwjh?
199
nahdh - mKf
I. jf bga
B. j bga mj ``wh vgjhF. J unt eho milahskhf UjJ:
1. rjfhu ij Mftkhf gagLUwh, r. 68:13; 74:19,
2. Xah ij vkiwahf gagLUwh, 7:11,
3. cdjghL jf mig fhL cUtfkhf gagLjgLsJ, 2:14; 5:2; 6:9.

B. J a fjf nrifaha gUt RU Kj jfkhF (ghgh guh 14M)
fUjgLwJ.
MT LXX
Xah Xah
nahnt Mnkh
Mnkh fh
xgah nahnt
nahdh xgah
fh nahdh

III. vtifglJ
A. J kw a fjfisl ahrkhdjhF. 2:2-9 trdfis ju kwit ciueilahF.

B. nahdh vtifglJ vgij FJ mfkhf thfgLsJ. j jf mj,
KdF kW iwa mrfisFJ gy mPf mbrsfakhd czit
bgWwhf. y ij go ghwhf:
1. cUtf fij
2. ctikfij (eifRit gagLjgLsJ)
3. milahsahdJ
C. nahdh bgaU mtUila jfgdh bgaU vbua bkh mtkhdjhF. j bgaiuila
xU kjid, mtDila jfgid FJ 2 uh#hf 14:25 trd FlgLsJ. t
ulh babuhbgah MSiffhy tjh (. K. 783-743). naR nahdhit xU tuyhW
eguhf FoUwh, k. 12:39-40; 16:4 fh 11:29.
D. nah jfijnghy xU iwa raij nghFgo nahdh jfK xU Jwah
vGjgoUfyh. bgUghyhd fjrd f fj brfis bfhLwd. Mdh
j jfYs xnu fjrd br 3:4 trdYs unl thijfjh.
200
IV. vGat
A. fjna vGUwh. kw a fjfisnghy t 1:1 trd mKf

bragLwh.
B. nahdh mtUila jfg mjh mtkhd vbua bgafis bfhoUwhf. uL
bgafS 2 uh. 14:25 trd FlgLwd. t ehrnuJF mUYs nf-bAg vw
lUJ ulh babubgah fhy fjrd brhatuhth.
C. xU vbua Jw nah thifianghy xU tuyhW eg thifia vLJbfhL, xU
iwa raij nghFgo mij gLUfyh. xUntis unt vF
urf brjJ FJ sfkFgo nahdh unt uh#hF Kdh miHfgoUfyh.
nahdh murtrij nrj xU tlfa ntjghufuhf, fjahf Ujh. mt mf
vig fhLtjF Jnt fhuzkhf Ufyh. nahdh giy nfl xU Jw mJ cyfsha
tif nghjidia bfhLgij fL, nahdh mDgtij vGitUfyh (John Harris,
ETBU, 1998).
V. fhy
A. vGat 2 uh. 14:25 trd FlgL nahdhthf Ughuhdh, . K. 612 nt
F Kija fhyflnk rahf UF. J ulh babubgah MSif fhykhf (. K.
783-743) Ufyh.
B. bgUghY itf mogil nahdh fhy vGjgoUfyh vW idfgLwJ:
1. KdF fjrd wffgLwJ,
2. jf aF mghgl mrf tuyhW vW brh wffgLwd,
3. J iwUF tj nja bgUikF jJtJF Vwjhf UwJ vW
mDkhfgLwJ.
VI. tuyhW d - mah tuyh uL ehfis nt kdUa ehfshf Fl

Ko.
1. _wh Mjh-uh MSifnghJ xU bjt bfhif rhghd kndhght
fhzglJ (. K. 810-783)
2. _wh mNlh MSifnghJ mahit bga bfhisneh jhaJ (. K. 771-754)
VII. ya myFf
A. mfhu f ff tsia fhLwd.
B. RUf
1. mfhu 1 - njtDila j wffgL, nahdh j elwJ. njt
btbgWwh!
2. mfhu 2 - nahdh kdUwh (fij flj fhy vGjgLsJ, vUrny Mya
Muhgij wJ)
3. mfhu 3 - njtDila j VWbfhsgLwJ. nt kdUwJ
4. mfhu 4 - nahdh kndhght kW braYF vuhd njtDila g btgLj
gLwJ.
VIII. Ka raf
A. j jf w#hah rkaufhukhf UgJnghy, fjna vgtuhf UgJnghy
njhWwJ
1. khYf
2. nt glzjh
201
B. 3:10 kW 4:11 trdf w#hahjhd njtDila m bjthf bjwJ. njt kjiu
kL Uffis newh, 4:11
C. kdU jJ Rthr itjnghJ, fj bfhûkhd mafis VWbfhlh, 3:5-9.
mtf jfshf khw ntoa mta Ufiy.
D. cyfJF Mrha uh{akhf Uf ntL vW njt untiy miHUgjF nahdh
milahskhf Uwh (ghf, M. 12:3; ah. 19:4-6). unt Rnrahf, thyhf
elJbfhshk njathj bfhljhf, bgUikbfhL jJ gjhf khoUjJ.

A. brhf kW brhbwhlf
1. nahdhit GFgo xU bga id fj MajgLUjh 1:17
2. ghjhs 2:2
3. mothuf 2:6
4. njt kdjhgglh, 3:10
5. Fj Uigst (hesed), 4:2
6. njt MkzF bro, 4:6 ..., 4:7 ...fhW, 4:8 itfis clhdh.
7. tyJifF lJifF ahr mahj ... kDU, 4:11
8. mnef UftfS Uw, 4:11
B. Ka egf
1. mjh 1:1
2. gunyhf njtdha fj 1:9
X. njr tiuglYs lf
1. nt, 1:2
2. j, 1:3
3. nahgh, 1:3
XI. khztfSfhd nff

1. nahdh xU tuyhW eguh?
2. nahdh V ntF bry Ugiy?
3. bga vgJ mjfhgYs Fiwghlh? V myJ V iy?
4. njtDila aig tf. (1:9; 4:2)
5. Ka fjhghu nahdhth myJ njtdh? V?
6. untYF j jf bfhLF br vd? nahdh untiynghy Uwhuh?
7. naR j jfij vgo gagLdh? (ghf, k. 12:38-45)
202
fh - mKf
I. jf bga
B. J fhah (ah. 17:1, 4; 1 uh. 22:13) vw bga FWa gjkhF. ``fjiunghy Ugt ah vgJ
j mjkhF.
fUjgLwJ.
MT LXX
Xah Xah
nahnt Mnkh
Mnkh fh
xgah nahnt
nahdh xgah
fh nahdh

III. vtifglJ
A. J iwa Mnkhirnghy UjhY, ya eil ntWglJ. Mnkh mHfhd fij

fhzglhlhY, J ra tyikahd thrffis bfhoUwJ.
B. iykhw yhk aha kW uik Fj brf mUfUnf bfhLfgLsd. ra
ltlkhf mfgLwJ.
C. fj clgoif njtlUJ tyikahdJ, MHkhdJkhd brfis bfhLwh.
D. fh tunghtij KdF fjahf Uwh:

1. rkhah mah if GJnghF, 1:5-7; 6:9-16
2. vUrny ghnyh if GJnghF, 1:9-16; 3:12; 4:10-12; 6:9-16
3. iwUF brw j kf UtUj, 2:12-13; 5:5-9; 7:7-20
4. nkah wF l, 5:2 mtUila cyfsha uh{a, 5:4
5. w#h ehLf RthrJF tUj, 4:1-5
IV. vGat
A. ghugakhf bkhnurh Cuhdha fhnt KG fjrdij vGdh.
B. ed mPf nkhnr vGJfis gy vGjhsf k jJnghy, fh vGij
whf. Mdh j jf IaJF cshd %gz fhzgLwJ:
1. gy mfhuf nfSf vw flisnahL JtFwd (shema, ghf, cgh. 6:4), 1:2; 3:1;
6:1.
203
2. nkgf/ MLf cUtf KGtY gagLjgLsJ 2:12, 3:2-3; 4:6; 5:1Kj;
7:14.
3. KGtY w vlh whL fjf thijf RofhlgLsd (ghf,
4:1-3 xLf, Vrhah 1:2-4).
C. fh gy tfY MSikY, brY MnkhRF xUwh. UtUila brhj CfS
UgJ ik ilbt Ujd. tf UtU uhkJ kjf, Vrhahitnghy murit
mua kW mfhu nghuhlf <Lgliy.
V. fhy
A. Kjyh trd fh Ca fhyij RofhLwJ: ``nahjh, Mfh, vnrah vD jh
uh#hfSila ehf...
B. vnuah 26:18 t vnrah MSif fjrd ciujh vW brhygoUwJ.
C. 1:1 trd t rkhahF vUrnyKF Ca brjh vW, 6:1-16 trdf rkhah
mfgLwgoahY, t . K. 722 rkhah Kdh fjrd ciujh
vW bjwJ.
D. rkhah ia flJ tUila Ca guaJ. t Ca KGtYKs brf
bjhFJ bfhLfgLsd. .
VI. tuyhW d
A. fh vlh who bjF uh{a Ca brjh, Vrhah tUila rkfhyjt
B. J br kW uhQt thf fhykhf UjJ. rka eltoiff mfkhf UjhY
fj bga fhdha br bjtfis tglhf.
C. _wh nynyr tyikahd jiyik ma nguuR tYbgW, jhFtjF Majkhf
UjJ.
D. KGikahd tuyhW dF Vrhah j gFia ghf.
VII. ya myFf
A. rblw khwf j jf fhzgLwd, 2:5,12; 3:1; 6:6-8; 7:14-15. Ma aha
brUJ u brF brYwh, xLf 2:10-11 kW 2:12-13.
B. RUf
1. njtDila kfJ tuUF aha, 1:1-16
a. tlF uh{a iwU, 1:5-7
b. bjF uh{a iwU, 1:9-16 (3:12)
2. njtDila kf jlid, uik, 2:1-13
a. brtj rKjha ghtf, 1-11
b. tUfhy eif, 12-13
3. njtDila kf jiytf FwrhlgLwhf, 3:1-12
a. bghJ jiytf, 1-4, 9, 11
b. fj, 5-7, (bkahd fj, tr. 8), 11
c. Mrha, 11
d. isf, 12 (4:10)
4. njtDila kf uikfgl tUfhy kik, 4-5
a. vyh #hahUF cyfsha miH, 4:1-5
b. cl CdKwtDF jsgltDF gydkhdtDF miH, 4:6-8
c. Rthr rKjha jhfgLwJ, Mdh btbgWwJ, 4:9-13
d. nkah tUif, 5:1-5m
e. mahJ tUfhy bt, 5:5M-9
f. njtDila kf nghJ ahafgLj, 5:1, 10-15
5. njt ekJ kfis tHFF miHwh, 6
a. fj njtDfhf ngRwh, 1-5
204
b. njtDila kf brrhwhf, 6-7
c. fj njtDfhf gywh, 8
d. njtDila aha mtUila kf glzJ GwJ, vUrny kW/myJ
rkhah, 9-16
6. njtDila Fw, jkJ kfSF Mthj Fj thFjjK bjhlUwJ, 7
a. njtDila kf rKjha ghtf, 1-6
b. njtDila kf tUfhy jiyt njtidnghy Ugh, 14-20
VIII. Ka raf
A. fh, Mnkhirnghy brtj kW mfhu Ujtf rKjha ghtfis Fwrhodh.
B. fh, Xahitnghy fjf kW Mrhaf Fwfis fojh (3:11).
C. untY jh ufhuhjid kW clgoifF cikyhjtfshf Uj fhuzkhf
ailJ iwUF bfhLbrygLthf vW fh Kdjh.
D. njt stuhf Uwh. mtUila kf jofgLthf. njt Uigstuhf,
jkJ clgoifF cikstuhf Uwh, mtUila kf ahdtf fgL,
bghUjgzgLthf.
E. jkJ kf Rthryhk rlFfis gWtij my (6:6-7), jkJ Fzhraij uggijna
njt Uwh (6:8).
F. bgynf wfnghF nkah _ykhf untY, jh, RthF w#hahU
MtfgLthf (5:2). j a jiyt fjiunghy Ugh (7:18-20).
A. brhf kW brhbwhlf
1. gtjf mt nH cU 1:4
2. m fha MwhjJ 1:9
3. ythf 2:4
4. v #d rijia W 3:3
5. FbrhYj 3:6
6. nah tabtianghy cHgL 3:12
7. vyh #hfS XotUthf... 4:1-2
8. jf glafis kbtofshf ... moghf 4:3
9. mtUila wgLj mehehfsha tDilaJ 5:2
10. v MJkh ghtij nghf v fgfia bfhLfntLnkh? 6:7
11. fs goff 6:11
12. eKila ghtfisbayh rKu MHf nghLLth 7:19
B. Ka egf
1. nuh, 5:6 3. nyah, 6:5
2. ghyh, 6:5 4. c, 6:16
X. njr tiuglYs lf
1. rkhah, 1:5 6. vuhjh vdgl bgynf, 5:2 11. nyah
2. vUrny, 1:5 7. nuh njr, 5:6
3. yh, 1:13 8. , 6:5
4. nkhnfh, 1:14 9. fh, 6:5
5. nah kiy, 4:7 10. ghrh
XI. khztfSfhd nff
1. 1:8-16 trdfYs y rlFfis goaLf.
2. fh vyh _W tifahd fjrd totfS (thFjj br, tHfhL fh,
yg) fhzgLwd. vLJfhLfis bfhLf.
3. fh vgo Mnkhirnghy Uwh?
4. V fh vnuah 26:18 trd nknfhshf FlgLsJ?
5. 5:10-15 trdf ahUF brhygLwd?
6. 7:18-20 trdf njt jkJ kfSfhf br fhafis goaLf.
205
ehT - mKf
I. jf bga
B. tUila bgaUF ``MWj myJ ``kdJUf vgJ mjkhF (ghf, Vrhah 57:18).
A. J fjrd s fhuzkhf a fjf xU gFahf UwJ.
B. it ``gU f vW miHfgLwd. it xnu RU mlfToaitahf Ujgoah
xwhf nrJitfgoUfyh.
C. it VWbfhsgl vbua ntjhfk ``fjf vw ulhtJ gFia
nrjitahF.
D. jf jf vGJtir vif jf ntjhfkYs f vif
Uf ntL vW idjgoah, y jff xwhf izfgoUjd.
III. vtifglJ
A. J neahd vbua fjrdkhF (fij). J giHa Vgho tyikahd fijf
xwhF.
B. ehT thijfis, vGJkufis bjJbfhSt jwghdjhf, neahdjhf
UwJ. tU Vrhah fjf k f bga fPfshf fUjgLwhf.
tfSila vGJfSF il ya bjhl fhzgLwJ:
1. ehT 1:4 kW Vrhah 33:19.
2. ehT 1:15 kW Vrhah 52:7.
C. ehT 1:2-8 trdf xU fuJiw ghlyhF. Jtf fij a fjf k
jwghdjhf UwJ.
IV. vGat
A. fjia FJ mfkhf bjaiy. giHa Vgho j l kLnk tUila bga
fhzgLwJ.
B. t vnfhrhdha ehT vW miHfgLwh. J xU bga lkhf Uf ntL. ij
FJ gy bfhiffUwd:
1. b#nuhK, aR J fnyahYs vnfh glz vW brhYwhf.
2. y `èhT L vW mjgL fgeTnk tUila l vW brhYwhf. Mdh
jfhd %gz iy.
3. Nnlh vg, J bjF jh UwJ vW brhYwJ, The Lives of the Prophets, XVII,
j vnfh glz fh LF mUnfUjjhf brhygLwJ.
4. . . 16M whL mua ghuga J <uh UwJ vW brhYwJ (t
iwU Uj bgnwhUF wjt). vnfh vw glz ntF tlnf 24 ik
bjhiy UwJ.
V. fhy
A. J . K. 612 nt F Kdh vGjgoUfyh.
B. J . K. 663 mN ghgh ir (neh-mnkh) a wF vGjgoUfyh (ghf, 3:8Kj).
Vbdwh uh NHgoUJ ofgl xU glzJF mJ vLJfhlhf brhygLsJ.
C. J . K. 627 mNghgh kuzJF d iunyna vGjgoUfyh. t
mah fil tYthd uh#hthf Ujh. . K. 626Fshf a ghnyh benghgyhrh
Hhf Ljiyia bgUjJ.
206
VI. mah kW ghyd tuyh RUf
A. ehT ntia jiyefuhf bfhoUj mah ia FJ FLwh. njt
untiy jogjfhf j bfhûkhd ehil gagLUjh (ghf, Vrhah 10:5).
B. baT MSifnghJ (. K. 842-815) Kj f eljjhf FlgLsJ. . K.841 ma
uh#htha _wh rkdhrh (. K. 858-824), fg fLgo brjh.
C. _wh Mjh-uh J bjhljJ (. K. 810-782). jkF ofglJ, nahth fg fLgo
gfglh.
D. bkdhnf MSifnghJ (. K. 752-732) _wh yhnyr (. K. 745-727) . K. 732
ehil jh gyiu oJbrwh. bgfhF (. K. 740-732) gyhf t Xbrahit (. K.
732-722) uh#hthdh (ghf, 2 uh. 15:29; 1 ehsh. 5:6; 2 ehsh. 30:6,10; Vrhah 9:1). j nkyhf
jhit ghjJ. MfhR (. K. 735-715) fg fodh.
E. Xbrah untY vJ Tl VgLbfhs Kawh. Ijh rkdhrh (. K. 727-722)
untiy jhdh. ulh rnfh (. K. 721-705) jiyefuha rkhahit _whLf
KWifL dh. unty nkahF ehLfljglhf (ghf, 2 uh. 17:3-20; 18:20-21;
Vrhah 7:8; 8:4; 10:11; 36:20; Xah 9:3; 10:6,14; 11:5). ulh rnfh jhit jh mtf . K. 720
Y 712Y fgfLgo brjh.
F. jh vnrah (. K.728-687) MfhRF uh#hthdh. t Jtf ulh rnfhDF
fg fodh. wF mahF fg fl kWjh (ghf, 2 uh. 18). rdbf (. K.704-681)
jhit jhdh. . K. 701 fjUila j bfhLtj bfhisneh tDila uf
185,000 ng bfhyglhf (ghf, Vrhah 10:16; 36:1-37:38; 2 uh. 18:13-19:37; 2 ehsh. 32:1-31).
G. wF kdhnr vrunjhDF (. K. 681-669) gfglh (ghf, 2 ehsh. 33:1-11).
H. vrunjh Fkhudha mNghgh (. K. 638-633), mah fil tYthd uh#hthf Ujh.
mtDila kuzJF wF Jjkhd cUthaJ:
1. benghgyhrh (. K. 625-605) Rahdkhd a ghnyha nguuir Wdh.
2. Kjyh rbkoA (. K. 664-609) vJ Rju bgWgo brjh.
3. nahah (. K. 640-609) jh Rju bgWgo brjh.
4. brahbr (. K. 625-585) Rahdkhd nkahit Wdh.
I. mah jiyefuha nt . K. 612 benghgyhrh kW brahbr iff GJnghdJ.
. K. 614nyna giHa jiyefuha mN GJnghUjJ.
J. nt 1850 Vf guig bfhoUjJ, 8 ik skhd ghJfhghd mufsh NHgoUjJ.
VII. ya myFf
A. Jtf, 1:1
B. fjUila fLik kW Uig Fj xU fij, 1:2-8 (gh fuJiw ghl).
C. njtDila Fzhra cik, ntF aha, jhF Ljiy, 1:9-2:2.
D. bga glzkha nt vgo KWiflgL, jgL vgJ FJ tF fij, 2:3-
3:19.
VIII. Ka raf
A. bfhûkhd ma nguu jiyefuha nt mfgLtnj jf ikaghitahf UwJ.
. K. 700 rdbf mij jiyefuhdh. J il efiu flgoUj muzhd
glzkhF.
B. . K. 614 mN mfglJnghy, nt ., K. 612 ghnyhauhY, nkauhY KGtJkhf
mfglJ. muf mUnf ghj Miw mtf gagLdhf. mtf eiu xU
njfkhf nj, xnu ntis mij wJlhf. ghJtj mu bga gFia
aJ, 2:6.
C. njt jkJ kfis ahaFgo bfhûkhd mafis gagLdh (Vrhah 10:5). nghJ
maf ahafgLwhf. eh vij ijnwhnkh mijna mWnwh, fyh. 6:7.
207
A. brhf kW brhbwhlf
1. ghu, 1:1
2. jrd, 1:1
3. fj oa rhjK, Fj tyikKst, 1:3
4. muzhd nfhil, 1:7
5. myf, 2:5
6. MWf kjFf wfgL, mukid fiuJngh, 2:6
7. c tuJ Xufis c KfkL baLJ, 3:5
8. mt FHijf vyh f KfidfY nkhaofglhf, 3:10
B. Ka egf
1. JZl, 1:15
2. nridf fj, 2:13
X. njr tiuglYs lf
1. ghrh, 1:4
2. fnk, 1:4
3. gndh, 1:4
4. neh mkh (), 3:8
5. nt, 1:1
XI. khztfSfhd nff

1. j jf ika nehf vd?
2. 1:3 kW 7trdfis eh vgo vLJbfhs ntL?
3. nahdhit ehTik vgo bghUfhl Ko?
4. V ehT bga fPuhf fUjgLwh?
5. 2:6 trdJF tuyhWahd nt tsF ilyhd bjhl vd?
6. V 3:8-10 trdf xU va glz FlgLwJ?
7. 3:14-15 trdf fthf FlgLtJ vd?
208
MgT - mKf
I. jf bga
B. MgT vw bgaUF ``mizj myJ ``jGbfhSj vgJ mjkhF.
C. brLtho t `Àgnfht vW miHfgLwh. j ma brhYF ``fhf vgJ
mjkhF.
fUjgLwJ.
C. gU myJ a fjf tir gy mPfsh xU fhytirgo izf
goUwJ. ehT, MgT. brgah it xnu FG Ujd.
III. vtifglJ - kf rhghf xU fj njtl ngRtJ mrhjhuzkhdjhf UwJ. Kj
mfhu ciuahl to raij bjF xU ahF.
IV. vGat
A. fj jhit FJ fjl ngRwh. kw fjf njtDfhf kfl
ngRwhf.
B. j fj jhna, vnuah, vnrna, ehT, brgah tf bghJthd fhyflij
nrjt. tfis eh VHh whL fjf vW miHnwh.
C. t itf fhuzkhf Mya ghlfFGit nrj xU irfiyPuhf Ufyh:
1. 3:1 trd fhnah vw brh fhzgLwJ. ij Fj xU moF ``mf
czkakhd fij tot vW miHwJ. jfhd mj bjaiy. xUntis
mikahf Ugij Ffyh.
2. 3:3, 9, 13 trdf nryh vw ir F gagLjgLsJ.
3. 3:19 trd, J beneh vD tha thf uhfjiytDF xfgl
rj vW FlgLsJ.
V. fhy
A. kdhnr MSif (. K. 687-642). J bgUghY VWbfhsgl ntjhfk MgT
lnjhL, fnja tsnahL, a ghnyha nguunrhL izfgLsJ (ghf,
MgT 1:5).
B. nahah MSif (. K. 609-598). J ghnth ulh nenfh glzij bfhisaoj
fhyflkhF. wF mah va uhQtij njhfoj nefhner mj gF KGtij
oJbfhlh. . K. 605 vaf fnf njhfofglhf.
C. Nnlh vg Lives of the Prophets, vw t nah nfhuij nrjt vW
brhUwh. . K. 586 ulh nefhnerh Knd tjnghJ, t Xonghdh. glz
Gj wF Utjh. iwUUJ kf UtUtjF ulhLfSF Kd
wJnghdh. vwhY ija fhy ilj j Mjhu egjFjJ my.
VI. tuyhW d
209
VII. ya myFf
A. j jf uL bga gFfis bfhljhF:
1. mfhu 1, 2 - fjF njtDF ilyhd ciuahl
2. mfhu 3 - njt tuyhiw jkJ fLgho itUgjfhf J rj.
B. njtDF mtUila fjF ilyhd ciuahl, 1:2-2:20
1. njt jog jhkgij FJ MgT FiwbrhYj, 1:2-4
2. njtDila Kj g, 1:5-11
3. njtDila giy Fj MgT ebd uid, 1:12-2:1
4. njtDila ulhtJ g, 2:2-5
a. njtDila j rakhdJ, mij vGit, 2:20
1) RthrJ Mthj, 2:4, 14, 20
2) ikJ aha, 2:5, 6-20
b. njtDila kf clgoifF cikstfshf Uf bghWghf Uwhf,
2:4-5 (3:16-19)
c. njt w#h jhFjiy, gagyhikia jogh, 2:6-20 (5 Inah)
1) 2:6-8, bfhûkhd jhFj
5) 2:18-20, ufhuhjid
C. flj fhy njt cikl Ljjfhf, tUfhy Ljiy Fj eif
bfhLjjfhf xU J rj, 3:1-19
1. itfUJ cUtffis gagL, njtDila flj fhy LF braf nkikahd
fij to btgLjgLsd (3:1-15):
a. ahiu
b. UZo
c. ehil btbfhSj
2. njtDila LjiyF btaufkhd milahs yhlhY, fj bghWik
RthrK, (2:4; 3:16-19)
VIII. Ka raf
A. J ebyhGf mogilyhd ugrkhF. ght ahafgL. njtdh bjJbfhsgl
kfS jf brafSF bghWghf Uwhf (fyh. 6:7).
B. j GJnghd cyfY njtjhnk ffis fLgLJwh. mt ikia jkJ
nehfJfhf gagLdhY. mJ ahafgL!
C. njtl nfbaGtJ VWbfhsglyh. vwhY gFjthd gf my, bgUghY
njtDila urdnk kdiwit jUwJ.
D. j jfnk g Rthrdh khdhfgLj vw iwa fUbghUSF Mjhukhf
UwJ (ghf, 2:4). ik jidjhnd W mJbfhS. ikahd ehfYTl njtDila
kf Rthrij fhl ntL. Rthrij jnghija NiyfnshL izfTlhJ, 3:17-19.
A. brhf kW brhbwhlf
1. mtfSila ahaK mtfSila nkik mtfshnyna clhF, 1:7 (ghf, 1:11)
2. fjhnt, tfhyKj v njtD, v gRjUkhdt myth?, 1:12
3. fkiyna, 1:12
4. mt j tiyF gL, tr. 15-17
5. j Rthrdhny kh iHgh, 2:4
6. ghjhs, 2:5
7. tirbrh, 2:6
8. fjUila tyJif Uw ghu, 2:16
210
9. fhnah, 3:1
10. nryh, 3:3,9,13
11. mnfgQjt, 3:13
12. mt v fhfis khfhfisnghyh, 3:19
B. Ka egf -iy
X. njr tiuglYs lf
1. fnja, 1:6
2. njkh, 3:3
3. ghuh gtj, 3:3
4. ah, 3:7
XI. khztfSfhd nff
1. j jf kw a fjf jffUJ vgo ntWgoUwJ?
2. 1-2 mfhuf njtDF fjF ilyhd ciuahl RUf F tiuf.
3. MgT xU irfiyP vW idgjF fhuz vd?
4. 1:16-17 trdf cUtfij sFf.
5. d ghFnghJ 2:4 trd mj vd? g ij vgo nuhk 1:!7 kW fyha
3:11 trdf gagLJwh?
211
brgah - mKf
I. jf bga
B. tUila bgaUF mj:
1. `àhnt kiwUwh myJ
2. `àhnt ftJbfhoUwh
fUjgLwJ.
III. vtifglJ
A. J neahd vbua fjrd (fij) yakhF. ght, aha, uik Ma
fUbghUfJ J ghitia xUKfgLJwJ.
B. 3:14-20 trdf xU uhjd ghkhiyahf Ufyh.
IV. vGat
A. j jf mrhjhuzkhd l trht fhzgLwJ: vah Fkhudha MkahF
Fkhudhd bfjah vgtDila kfdha T Fkhu brgahF, 1:1.
1. J t jh mur tia nrjt vgij fhLwJ. FlgLs vah
vgJ vnrahit FFkhdh (. K. 715-687) Jnt j l trht nehfkhf
UwJ.
2. tUila jfgdh bga T (vnaha bga) vW Uwgoah, t j vgij
%Fgo j l trht bfhLfgoUfyh.
B. t uh#htha nahah jgh kf vW gyU ewhf; j gags uh#h tU
xnu Mal gbgUfyh.
C. giHa Vgho nkY _W ngUF j bga UwJ: 1 ehsh. 6:36-38; vnu. 21:1; 2 uh. 25:18-21;
29:25; 37:3; 52:24-27; rf. 6:10,14.
V. fhy
A. nahah MSif fhy (. K. 640-609) t br mjh.
B. jh fhzgljhf FlgL cshd beUff fhuzkhf, 1:4-6, 8-9, 12; 3:1-3, j
brfis bgwtf nahah kWky bragLjgLtjF Kghf (. K. 621) jh
Ujtfshf Ufyh vW bjwJ.
VI. tuyhW d
A. Vbfdnt mahit jha afns (NIV, Francisco way 626 B.C.) njtDila fUahf
braglhf vW y fUJwhf. af ghyd tahf vJ tiu jh brwhf
vW, mtfSF gz brY ghnth Kjyh rbkof (. K. 663-609) mtfis U
mDlh vW bAunuhl brhYwh (I:103-106).
212
B. af jhFj rhakhf UjhY, ghnyhnd jhit jhaJ. bgUghyhd mPf
gojh fUJwhf.
VII. ya myFf - Mjhu - Introduction to the Old Testament - R.K. Harrison, p. 939-940
A. fjUila eh, 1:1-2:3
1. ghfhiy tgLwtf mfgLthf, 1:2-6.
2. fjUila ehis FJ, 1:7-13.
3. tuUF aha, 1:14-18.
4. ahaig jgjfhd ttiff, 2:1-3.
B. ma ehLfSF vuhd aha, 2:4-15
1. bgah, 2:4-7
2. nkhth kW mnkh, 2:8-11
3. vJ, 2:12
4. mah, 2:13-15
C. Inah kW Mthj, 3:1-20
1. vUrny jofgL vd mRWj, 3:1-7
2. ahUF cikstfSF Mthj ra, 3:8-20
VIII. Ka raf
A. fj jh jhfgL vW vrwh. kdhnr fhy Jt vUrny mfkhf
fhzgl ufhuhjidna jF fhuzkhF. brgah ``fjUila eh vw fUij
gagLUwh. bgUghY jf ehfYs xU f tUfhyJF, fil fhyJF
KHyhf UFgo fj RofhoUwh.
B. 2:3 trd kdUjYfhd miH bfhLfgoUwJ. nkahm (3:17) urdKnk
(3:15 , 17) jh xnu eifahf UwJ!
C. njt untiy jof mahit gagLdhY, nghJ mah jofgoUwJ,
jh mgo jofgL!

A. brhf kW brhbwhlf
1. MrhafnshnlTl bfk vgtf ngiu, 1:4
2. thdnrid, 1:5
3. fjUila eh rUwJ, 1:7
4. Lfis uw ahtiu, 1:9
5. knj Fof, 1:11
6. m eL kijfS #h#hahd rfy UffS gLJbfhS, 2:14
7. m tahnghwt vtD <r nghL j ifia bfhLth, 2:15
8. v gRj gtj, 3:11
B. Ka egf
1. T, 1:1
2. kfh, 1:5
3. nua, 2:5
X. njr tiuglYs lf
1. fhrh, 2:4
2. mfnyh, 2:4
3. mnjh, 2:4
4. vnuh, 2:4
5. nrhnjh, bfhnkhuh, 2:9
6. vnahah, 2:12
213
XI. khztfSfhd nff
1. brgahF kw fjfisl l trht bfhLfgoUgJ V?
2. V brgah aha Fj fjrd nehth #yusaijl nkhrkhdjhf
UwJ?
3. fjUila eh vw fUJF tiuaiw T, sFf
4. jh V untiyl Dkf ghtK FwK csjhf UwJ?
5. 3:9 trd w#hia cslF cyfsha mrij bfhoUwjh? V?
6. 3:17 trd ekF njtDila Ujaij fhLwjh?
214
Mfh - mKf
I. jf bga
B. tUila bgaUF mj ``goif vW mjkhF. tUila bga W vGJ `ì ahnt
RUfkhf Ufyh. mgoahdh ``fjUila goif vW mjgLwJ (ghf, 1 ehsh. 6:30).
fUjgLwJ.
III. vtifglJ
A. J ehF myJ IJ urff bjhluhF (1:13).
B. J fij to iy.
IV. vGat
A. Mfh vwh 5:1; 6:14 kW rfah 8:9 trdf FlgLwh. nf t rfahnthL izJ
TwgLwh. t iwUUJ Utj xUtuhf Ufyh.
B. t 1 vuh 6:1; 7:3; 2 vuh 1:40 trdfY FlgLwh. vahof 49:11 trd
Mfh 2:23 trd nknfhshF.
C. b#nuh t xU Mrha vW TWwh. Mdh J 2:10-19 trdfUJ jtwhf vLfgl
fUjhF.
D. 2:3 trd mogil t rhbyhnkh foa Myaij ghUwh vW <thL
brhYwhf. mgoahdh t 70 myJ 80 taJ bfhltuhf Uf ntL.
E. mbyrah jdJ ehf t xU njtj vw bghJthd fUJ yajhf
FLwh. J 1:13 trdYs ``fjUila j vw brhbwhliu jtwhf Jbfhl
isthF.
F. Mfh, rfah gy rjfis vGdhf vW brLth brhYwJ: 112, 126, 127, 137, 146-
149.
G. Mfh ehF urffS glif brh bfhLfgLsd. J itfis RLwJ:
1. xU bghJthd ya ,
2. vGJgt myJ UJgt xUt Ujh.
V. fhy
A. t tUila rkfhyjtuha rfahnthLTl iwUF tj fjahf Ujh.
B. j jf Kjyh j lhbg MSifbrj (. K. 521-486) ulh tU Mwh
khj Kjyh ehUJ (1:1) xgjh khj UgJehfh ehtiu (2:10,20) elF ffis
FwJ. vdnt . K. 520 vgJ j fhykhF. J ulh Mya flgL Koj . K. 516M
MLF ehfhLf KijajhF. vnuah fjrdgo . K. 586M ML Jt
70 MLf iwU UF vgij iwntWwJ.
215
VI. j fhyfl fhytir (j UJ vLfglJ: Minor Prophets by Dr. Theo Laetsch, uRfj,
Concordia, p. 385.)
j ML / . khj eh ntjhfk gF cslf
MSif K.
ML
2 520 6 1 Mfh 1:1-11 kf bragLgo Mfh Lwh.
br/m
24 Mfh 1:12-15 kf fl JtFwhf
7 1 Mfh 2:1-9 njtDila Mya fhy kik
m/et.
8 ? rfah 1:1-6 rfah fjrd brhy JtFj
et./or.
9 24 Mfh 2:10-19 njt Mtf JtFth.
or./#d.
Mfh 2:20-23 cyf mfhufis fj
wF nkah uh#hf
cWgLjgLwJ
519 11 24 rfah 1:7-6:8 rfah uneu jrdf
bg./kh
rfah 6:9-15 nkah MrhaJtJF
Kdilahskhf nahRthF l
NlgLj
4 518 9 4 rfah 7, 8 kdUj tWjgLwJ;
or./#d. Mthj thFjj bragLwJ
6 516 12 3 vwh 6:15 Mya uZil bragLj
kh./v
? rfah 9-14 Mya uZilF wF
VII. ya myFf - fj urff RUf

A. Kj urf, 1:1-11, Myaij Ug fLf!
B. jiytfS kfS brrhwhf, 1:12-15
C. ulh urf, 2:1-9, Mya ms uid my!
D. _wh urf, 2:10-19, kf goJ Myaij Ug fodh njtDila Mthjf
bjhlU.
E. ehfh urf, 2:20-23, nkah cyfsha MSifF brUghng KHyhf Uwh.
VIII. Ka raf
A. y MLfSF K Jt wffgoUj Myaij Ug fLtJ jf
ikaghit bfhoUwJ:
1. ghf, vwh 5:16 (Kjyh ML - brghrhHhf)
2. vwh 3:8-13 (ulh ML - brUghngHhf)
B. njtDila cldoahd ruufhukhd Mthjf kW tUfhy nkah Mthjf
it Fj thFjjf Myaij U fLtnjhL izfgoUwd (nkhnr
clgoif uikfgLj).
C. Mya ms khik bga fhaky. mj urdK my. J vjF milahskhf
Uwnjh mj njtDila urdnk bkahd kikahF!
216
A. brhf kW brhbwhlf
1. kRghtgl cf Lf, 1:4
2. cf tfis JghUf, 1:5,7
3. rfy #hfis miragQnt, 2:7
4. Kd Mya kikiaghY, j d Mya kik bgajhUF, 2:9
5. brUghng vD v Cafhund, cid eh mehny nrJbfhL, cid Kiu
nkhukhf itng, 2:23
B. Ka egf
1. Kjyh j, 1:1
2. brUghng, 1:1
3. nahRth, 1:1
4. nridf fj, 1:2
X. njr tiuglYs lf- iy
XI. khztfSfhd nff

1. j jf ikakhd fha vd?
2. iwUUJ Utj jf V jh fodfis rf ntoUjJ?
3. 2M mfhu vj gF nkahit FjJ? V?
4. 2:3 trdij sFf.
5. 2:10-19 trdfis sFf.
6. tuyh brUghng rhjidfis FJ mfkhf Flglhj ntis Vmtid
FJ bga fhaf brhygoUwd? (2:20-23)
217
rfah - mKf
I. jf bga
B. tUila bgaUF `àhnt idTUwh vW mjkhF. myJ `àhnt id itUwh
vW mjgLwJ. fj nghJ jfSl UJ, clgoifia uikwh vgij J
fhLwJ.
fUjgLwJ.
III. vtifglJ
A. J filfhy btghL yaJF xU vLJfhlhF:
1. mfhuf 1-8 mogil ciueilahF.
2. mfhuf 9-14 mogil fijahF.
B. j tif jUF jwghdjhF. njtnd tuyhiw jkJ fLgho itUwh, mt
jkJ kfSF Ljiyia bfhLtUth vgij beUfkhd ntisf btgLj j
ya tif gagLjgLwJ.
C. j gf:
1. njtDila cyfsha uh#f Fj tYthd cz,
2. j f eikF ikF ilyhd nghuhl,
3. ufa brhf gaghL,
4. tzf gaghL,
5. vf gaghL,
6. Uff, y ntisf Uff/kjf,
7. njt jkJ btghil bgUghY fdf myJ jrdf _ykhf, jf
_ykhf bjwh.
8. mogil tUfhyJ ghitia xUKfgLJwJ.
D. ntW y vLJfhLf:
1. giHa VghL
a. jhna 7-12
b. vnrna 37-48 (?)
2. a VghL
a. knj 24, khF 13, fh 21, 2 bjr. 2
b. btgLj
3. VWbfhsglhj f
a. 1 VndhF
b. 4 vwh (vuh)
c. 2 gh%
E. rfah giHa Vghonyna uhd jf vW b#nuh FLwh. vwhY J a Vgho
218
mofo FlgLwJ:
1. mfhuf 1-8 btgLj jf.
2. mfhuf 9-14 Rnrf.
F. j jrdfSF mjfhgJ fodkhF. Mdh eh tuyhW dia fU
bfhoUnghkhdh, J iwUF d vUrny Mya kWgo flgL fhyflkhF.
mtf k a ehJ, nkah tUifJ ghitia xUKfgLJwhf.
IV. vGat
A. rfah f rhjhuzkhd vbua bgauhF. giHa Vgho bkhj 29 bga j bga
FlgoUwhf.
B. mfhu 1:1 t xU Mrha vgJ FlgoUwJ (ghf, vwh 5:1; 6:14; benf. 12:4,16).
1:1 trd FlgL bgah V vwh 5:1 kW 6:14 trdf Flgliy vgJ
bjaiy. rfah Mfh kW kahit nghy iwUF Jtfhy fjahf
Ujh vW bjwJ. xgah, nahntY j fhyflij nrjtfshf Ufyh.
C. gy ed fhy mPf rfah Iaij wfwhf. Vbdwh 1-8 mfhufS 9-14
mfhufS KY ntWgoUwd. 1-8 mfhuf fj bga FlgoU
wJ; tuyhW ehfS FlgLsd. iwUF tj fhy vgJ bjthf bjwJ.
jdJ btgLj nahth j gFia mfkhf gagLUwh. vwhY 9-14
mfhuf fhy Flgliy. fj bgaU Flgliy. fil fhynk
tuyhW dahf UwJ. j gF gyKiw Rnrf FlgLsJ.
knj 27:9 vnuah ciujjhf brhygl xU gF rfah 11:12-13 trdf fhzgLwJ.
ijbfhL mfhuf 9-14 rfahth vGjgliy vW brhygl JtaJ. vwhY
rhfl RUf rfah jf Iakhf fhzgLwJ. cshd gy fhaf Iaij
cWgLJwd:
1. uL vw v gagLjgLj - 4:3; 5:9; 6:1; 11:7; 13:8,
2. bga brh miHJ ngR Kiw gagLjgLwJ - 2:7,10; 3:2,8; 4:7; 9:9,13; 11:1-2; 13:7,
3. flJ brW UtUtij ga gaghL rfah jw bfhljhf UwJ - 7:14;
9:8,
4. fj brhYwh vgJ kWgo kWgokhf tUwJ - 16 Kiw gagLjgoUwJ,
5. FonawgoUgij g FlgLwJ - 2:8; 7:7; 12:6; 14:10.
(it M. nf. Ahr vGa j UJ vLfgoUwd: Introduction to the Old Testament,
gf.954). jf Ia Fj TLjyhd thjJF (ghf, . n#. v vGa Introduction to
the Old Testament, gf.280).
D. rfah jf Kj tuyhW wF tUfhy gF UF xGFKiw nkY gy
jffY gagLjgoUwJ:
1. Vrhah 1-39 kW 40-66
2. vnrna 1-29 kW 30-48
3. jhna 1-6 kW 7-12
E. giHa VghLF mKf vGa M% , #h thl UtU j Kuglhj
ya fhzgLtjh, J xnu xUtuh vGjgoUF vW brhYwhf.
V. fhy
A. rfah jf Kj trd fj Kjyh j (. K. 522-486) MSif ulh ML
vlh khj jdJ Caij Jtdh vW brhYwJ. J ulh nfhnuR kfdha
ulh nfr (530-522) . K. 522 kj wF bga uh{aij vLJbfhl Kjyh j
uhgrhf UF vW bgUghyhd mPf cWgLJwhf. j ghuf nrid
jsgahf Ujh.
B. jdh j fhy . K. 519 myJ 520 Mf UF (MfhF 2 khjf wF). t Rkh
ulhLf urf brjh (ghf, 1:1,7; 7:1).
219
VI. tuyhW d
VII. ya myFf - (M. nf. Ahr vGa Introduction to the Old Testament vw UJ vLfglJ,
gf 950)
A. fhy Flgl fjrdf, mfhuf 1-8
1. KDiu kW kdUjYfhd miH, 1:1-6.
2. vUrny Mya Ug flgLtJ Fj vL jrdf, 1:7-6:15
a. Fiu tU eht: bjf uik Fj thFjj, 1:7-17
b. ehF mF bfhf, ehF bjhyhf, 1:18-21 (2:1-4 v.)
c. vUrny msf Koahj nkik, 2:1-13 (2:5-17 v.)
d. nahah Rf, xU br, mtDF, 3:1-10
e. VG isfis bfhl FJsF, 4:1-14
f. bga, gwF RU, 5:1-4
g. kufh eLUj bg ghnyhDF mfwgLj, 5:5-11
h. ehF Fiu lgl ujf ia RtUj, 6:1-8
3. tuyhW gF: nahRth nkahF milahs, 6:9-15.
4. cgthr Fj rfah nf, 7:1-8:23.
B. fhy Flglhj fjrdf, 9-14
1. nja vf aha; rkhjhd u tUif, 9:1-17
2. bjf jiyt bjJbfhsgl kijia nrJbfhSj, 10:1-12
3. ey nkgfS, _ljdkhd nkgfS; kij ghLf, 11:1-17
4. fil fhyij Fj brf, 12:1-13:6
5. njtDila uh{a RfF aha, 13:7-14:21
VIII. Ka raf
A. Utj jf Myaij kWgo fLgo mtfis CFgnj jf Ka nehfkhF.
j g vwh 1:8, 5:16 trdfgo brghrhuh JtfglJ; Mdh brUghng Hhf mJ
bjhluiy. gy MLfshf Mya wffgoUjJ. kf myank jF fhuz
vW Mfh RofhLwh. Rs ehLf, Fghf rkhah, mua FWnl jF
fhuz vW vwh RofhlgLwJ.
B. j jf nkahit FJ mf Ff fhzgLwd. naR thifia Fj
gy fjrdf 9-14 mfhufUJ tUwd:
1. uh#h jhikstuhf fGijnkY fGij FonkY V tUth, 9:9,
2. xU moik iyahd KgJ btfhRF fglh, Fat y mlf ykhW,
11:13,
3. jh rj vgJ tWjgLwJ, 12:4-9,
4. mtf jhf Fd vid nehghJ... 12:10.
C. 2:11; 8:20-23; 14:9,16 trdf njtDila cyfsha m, MSif fhzgLwJ. Mdh 9-14
mfhuf vyh kf cyfsha v tWjgLwJ, 12:3 kW 14:2 (r. 2).

A. brhf kW brhbwhlf
1. Uf, 1:3
2. eh vUrnyKfhf nahDfhf kfh ituha bfhoUnw, 1:14
3. vUrnynk ms ofgL, 1:16
4. ehF bfhf, 1:18-21
5. eh mjF RY mkyhUJ, 2:5
6. mtUila fkia, 2:8
7. nahRthnthbt mGF tu jjtdh, 3:3
8. gww xU jf RU, 5:1
220
9. R%gf, 10:2
10. uL nfhf: mEuf, uf, 11:7, 14
11. vUrnyik jj ghukhFnw ... ghukhd fyhFnt 12:2-3
12. mehny tjf vUrnyUJ wgL, 14:8
B. Ka egf
1. bgah, 1:1,7
2. fjUila j, 1:11; 3:1
3. rhjh, 3:1-2
4. is, 3:8; 6:12
5. mnfbgwtf, 4:14
6. Mjhnkh, 12:11
X. njr tiuglYs lf
1. nah, 1:14
2. beah njr, 5:11
3. bgnj
4. Mkh, 9:2
5. bknjh glzJ gsjhF, 12:11
6. xt kiy, 14:4
XI. khztfSfhd nff

1. rfahF MfhF cs bjhl vd?
2. 1:7-6:8 itfYs jrdfSFs bjhl vd?
3. j jf nkahit FF bgafis goal.
4. 4M mfhuYs uL xt kuf ah?
5. 7-8 mfhuf vjid cgthr ehf FlgLsd?
6. naR thifF bghUjkhf 9-14 mfhuf bfhLfgLs fjrdfis
goaLf.
221
kah - mKf
I. jf bga
B. tUila bgaUF ``vdJ Jt vW mjkhF.
1. ``v j vgJ xU glbgauhf Ufyh, 3:1.
2. J ``vdJ njtj vUfyh.
3. J xU neuo bgauhf Ufyh.
fUjgLwJ.
III. vtifglJ
A. raij bjf J bjhlahd thjij myJ giuia gagLJwJ. J nf
g to UwJ. xU ra bjfgLwJ, mij vgt nf nfwh myJ VnjD
brhYwh. ngRgt mjF gywh.
B. kah vbua rhuO vW miHfgoUwh.
C. gY ahnfh raij bjf nj Kiwia gagLUwhf.
D. j totikig ghfyh, mjF f ... vf..., 1:2, 6, 7 (UKiw), 12, 13; 2:14, 17
(UKiw); 3:7, 8, 13, 14.
E. J vbua fij tot my.
IV. vGat
A. 1:1 trd gagLjgLs kah vw brhYF njtj myJ j vW
mjkhF.
1. bgUghyhdtf J xU neuoahd bga vW vLJbfhSwhf.
2. brLth ij xU gl bgauhf vLJbfhSwJ (ghf, 3:1).
3. J xU njtjid FwJ vW M# idjh.
B. lhk (Mecillah 15a) bkhbjfh j jfij vGajhf brhUwJ.
C. nahdjh munka bkh jF J vwhF bfhLfgl glbga vW brhYwJ.
b#nuh, uh, fh Mnah ij VWbfhSwhf.
D. n#hrg jdJ , Antiquities of the Jews, 11:4-5. kahit ju iwUF tj
vnyhiu bgabrh FoUwh.
E. j jfUJ a Vgho nknfh FlgLnghJ tUila bga Flgliy.
F. 2 vuh iwUF tj fjf Mfh, rfah kW kah vW goal
goUwJ.
222
G. ntW vj fjrd jfK bga Flglhk uhjgoah, kah vgJ xU eg bgauhfnt
Uf ntL. ah vGdh vgJ njtdh lgLtij ghgiy vgij id
itUf ntL.
V. fhy
A. benfah kW kah tuyhW dfSilna mfkhd xWik UwJ:
1. jrkghfij Fj uid, k. 3:8; benf. 10:32-39,
2. ViHf xLfglhf, k. 3:5; benf. 5:1-5,
3. rka flJ Ukzf, k. 2:10,11; benf. 13:1-3, 23-24 (vwh 9:1-2).
B. . K. 450-430 MLfSF ilgl fhynk rahf UF. J benfah Kjyh mjrZlh
muritF Ua d tU fhykhF, benf. 13:6.
VI. vbuafSF VnjhKF ilyhd tuyhW cw, 1:2-5

A. mtf xUt kwtiu cwduhf fUj ntL vW brhygoUwJ:
1. vzhfk 20:14
2. cghfk 2:4-6
B. mtf mofo nkhbfhoUwhf:
1. vzhfk 20:14-21
2. ahahgf 11:16Kj
3. 1 rhKnt 14:47-48
C. tfSF nuhjkhd fjrdf:
1. vzhfk 24:18
2. Vrhah 34:5Kj; 63:1Kj
3. vnuah 49:7Kj
4. yg 4:21-22
5. vnrna 26:12Kj; 35:13Kj; 36:2-6
6. Mnkh 1:11-12
VII. ya myFf
A. kah RUftiu mtUila MW thjfis bjhlUwJ. kah njtDfhf ngdh, kf
brrhjhf, kah njtDfhf kWgo ngdh.
B. RUf
1. UtU jfjhd njtDila m, 1:2-5
2. njt Mrhafis FwrhLj, 1:6-2:9
3. njt thfuij, fy Ukzfis FwrhLj, 2:10-16
4. njt mtfSila nkhrkhd kndhghtij FwrhLj ( njt vnf?), 2:17-3:6
5. mtf MyaJF Mjutgij njt FwrhLj, 3:7-12
6. mtfSila nkhrkhd kndhghtij njt FwrhLwh (njtid nrgJ !), 3:13-
4:3
7. Wahd foJbfhSjY, thFjjK, 4:4-6
VIII. Ka raf
A. kah mfiwaW Ug ghtij, Utj jf fyfij FLwh.
B. gy cyfsha thrff j jf fhzgLwd. njt cyfij vLgo untiy
gagLJth, 1:5, 11, 14; 3:12.
C. njtDila kf mtUila Fzhraij kWJ ngRwhf:
1. 2:17 - njt nahL elfiy.
2. 3:6 - njtDila khwhj Fzhrank unt nghJ Ugjfhd xnu fhuzkhF.
3. 3:14 - njtid nrgJ zhd fhakhF.
223
D. nkahit Fj eif j jf fhzgLwJ 3:1; 4:5.

A. brhf kW brhbwhlf
1. thij ghu, 1:1
2. f ... vf... 1:2
3. f fhdkhdij er ojij bfhLtjhY, 1:8
4. mij xU uzkh ng, 1:13
5. eh cfSila giu bfLJ, 2:3
6. ma njtij Fkhufis thf gdhf, 2:11
7. f njLw MltU f Uw clgoif jDkhdt jKila MyaJF
ukh tUth, 3:1
8. Phgf jf, 3:16
9. cfnk Na cF; m brilf Mnuha UF, 4:2
B. Ka egf
1. Vrh, 1:2-3
2. ahnfh, 1:2
3. ny, 2:4
4. Nafhu, 3:5
5. gunj, 3:5
6. vah fj, 4:5
X. njr tiuglYs lf
1. Vnjh, 1:4
2. jh, 2:11
3. unt, 2:11
4. Xnu, 4:4
XI. khztfSfhd nff

1. kah vgo totikfgoUwJ?
2. 1:2 trd Vrh V FlgLwh?
3. MrhaU kfS fjjhd mtkahijia vgo fhodhf?
4. 2:2; 3:9 trdf FlgLs rhg vUJ tUwJ? J vij cslUwJ?
5. njt jh V thfuij btWgjhf brhYwh? 2:16
6. nkah vgo MyaJF ukh tUth?
7. V 3:6 trd KakhdJ?
8. jrkghf bfhLjh brig bfhLgjhf njt thFjj brwhuh?
9. vah naRF Kdh tjhuh?
224

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giHa VghL - RUf ghit

1II njhuh - Ijhfkf

1V. Jtffhy fjf

V. tiugl - sgl eho uh#hf

cik, mj fhg _W mrfSnk gagLjgl ntL. cWbrt nehfJfhf,

fl tf cfSF cjbrgoahf M tfho sfiu totikfgLsJ:

III. eh giHa Vghil (ntjhfkij) vgo Mbrnwh - mjfhgJ Fj y mogil

A. iyf (nkUJ Hfhf)

B. giHa Vgho njtDila kfJ jhf isj ehLf (nkUJ Hfhf)

C. Ka ehLf jiyefuf (ulh nj)

D. kw Kakhd efuf (_whtJ nj)

E. kiyf (_whtJ nj)

V. giHa Vgho mogil fhy mltiz

A. fhy Flglhj ff (M. 1-11)

II. mfhutkhf ntjhfk VWbfhsgLj

A. J VWbfhsgl vbua ntjhfk Kj gF xU gFahF. j gF ``njhuh myJ

C. y ntisf J ``nkhnr IJ jff vW miHfgLwJ.,

D. Mahfk Kj cghfk tiu UZo Kj nkhnr thif tiu nkhnrdh bjhlJ

III. vtifglJ - Mahfk jf mogil iwaahd, tuyhW ciueilahf UwJ. Mdh

B. fjrd, vLJfhL 3:15; 49:1 Kj (J fij eilY UwJ).

A. ntjhfkjhnd vGat bga Flgliy. Mahfk vwh kW benfah f

E. uhjd ka HF yaUJ ilF %gz nkhnr Mahfkij vGj vGjgl

A. Mahfk ugr UZofglUJ Mufh FLg tiuyhd tufis bfhLwJ.

VI. tuyhW dF Mjuthd Mjhuf

C. UZo Fj va gfis j fhzyh: John H. Waltons, Ancient Israelite Literature

VII. ya myFf (d)

A. ``tr tuyhW (nlhnlh) vw nkhnr brhbwhl mogil j RUf jahf

A. vyh vgo JtaJ?

B. V cyf ikahdjhf, ahayhjjhf UwJ? mJ `` f ewhUjJ (1:31). Mdh

C. njt ij vthW rbranghwh?

IX. brhf kW/myJ brhbwhlf, Ka egf

A. Kj tiugl - Mahfk 1-11 (vf)

XI. khztfSfhd nff

A. vbua bkh (MT) J ``Fkhuf ehkfshtd vW JtFwJ.

B. brLth bkhbga J ek odos vW miHfgLwJ. ``btna brY t myJ

C. b#nuh y tnf bkhbga J exodus vW miHfgLwJ.

II. mfhutkhf ntjhfk VWbfhsgLj

A. J VWbfhsgl vbua ntjhfk Kj gF xU gFahF. j gF ``njhuh myJ

B. brLtho j gF Ijhfk (IJ RUf) vW miHfgLwJ.

C. y ntisf J ``nkhnr IJ jff vW miHfgLwJ.,

D. Mahfk Kj cghfk tiu UZo Kj nkhnr thif tiu nkhnrdh bjhlJ

III. vtifglJ - ahuhfk jf _W tifgl ya eilf cslUwd.

A. tuyhW ciueil, ah. 1-19; 32-34

B. fij, ah. 15.

C. MrTlhu Fj tuf, ah. 25-31, mJ flgLj, 35-40.

B. nkhnrna ij vGdh vW FL gy gFf ahuhfk csd:

A. ahuhfk fhyij FJ uL tYef fUJf fhzgLwd:

VI. ahuhfkij Fj w rayhj fhaf

A. vijL wgl kf vif

B. unty brw ghij rnjfij swJ

A. ahuhfkij FJ v vGjgl vj %gzK iy. nanfhth va bjtfis

B. gJflisfSF izahd fyhrhu vLJfhLf fhzgLwd:

C. nkhnrF vGj bjahJ vW thfglhY, ijbghU M_ykhf Jtffhy fhdha

VIII. ya myFf (d)

C. 23M mfhuYs goiff/cgthr ehf goa:

A. Mahfk brhygl tuyhiw J bjhlUwJ. bjbjLfgl FLg bjbjLfgl

B. dh kiy (Xnu) bfhLfgl clgoif ukhzf gbragLsd :

C. MufhKF fjrdkhf bfhLfglgo (M. 15:16) njt untyUfhf vgo m

X. brhf kW/myJ brhbwhlf, Ka egf

XI. njr tiuglYs lf (v tirgo)

A. vbua bkh (MT) J ``fj ... TL vW JtFwJ.

B. lhko (Zdh) J ``Mrhaf ukhz vW miHfgLwJ.

C. brLth bkhbga J ``nyauhfk jf vW miHfgLwJ.