PATHOPHYSIOLOGY

MODIFIABLE FACTORS: Non- Modifiable FACTORS:

- Diet ( High fatty foods) Age: 78
- Hypertension
- Obesity Family History: DM, HPN, CVA
- Sedentary lifestyle Gender: Male
- Cigarette smoking
- stress

Endothelial lining of arteries are injured

Permeability to lipoproteins Platelets, WBC & Fibrin converge

at the injured site

Lipoproteins accumulated in the

intima of arterial wall

Macrophages infiltrate the area to

ingest lipids and die

Formation of dead fatty core

Formation of fibrous cap over dead

fatty core (plaque)

Plaque protrudes in lumen of the vessel

Plaque ruptures & causes thrombus formation

(Platelet aggregation + fibrin)

Occlusion of an artery

Narrowed blood vessel

obstructs/impedes blood flow

Myocardial perfusion/
Blood flow to myocardium
Oxygen supply

Myocardial Ischemia
 Angina
s/s: chest pain
radiating to left arm
Partially Ischemic Cells Totally Ischemic Cells

Inadequate supply of Accumulation of Accumulation of No supply of O2 and

O2 and nutrients waste products waste products nutrients

Anaerobic Inflammatory No ATP

ATP production Mediators
Metabolism Causes: Noncontractile

Accumulation of Hypocontractile
lactate Loss of cell membrane
integrity
Inhibition of Inhibition of Ion
Glycolysis pumps

Cell Rupture
Altered cell
membrane
integrity

Ion Leak

Myocyte death/ Necrosis

Lab results Myocardial Infarction S/S: Dizziness

K: 3.4mmol/L Diaphoresis
WBC: 15.5 x 109 /L N/V
Creatinine: 1.39 mg/dL SOB
Blood Uric Acid: 9.29 mg/dL Unrelieved Chest
CXR: Cardiomegaly Pain
Enzymes level: Elevated Non-ST 07/20/1
Elevation MI ST Elevation MI
(NSTEMI) (STEMI)