Questions Biology Revision

1. (i) Define the term reflex action. (3m)

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(ii) Describe the pupil reflex and explain its advantages. (5m)
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(iii) Distinguish between rods and cones in terms of function and distribution. (4m)
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 (iv) Suggest how damage to three named parts of the eye could result in impaired vision
or blindness. (3m)
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2. (i) Define the term pollination. (2m)

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(ii) Describe the structure of a named insect-pollinated flower and state the functions of
its parts. (10m)
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 (iii) Describe how cross-pollination leads to variation in a species. (3m)
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3. (i) Define the term excretion. (3m)

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(ii) Figure below shows a dialysis machine for treating people with kidney failure. The
dialysate (dialysis fluid) is a solution of glucose and salts.

Explain how, when the patient is receiving dialysis treatment;

 a. The loss of plasma proteins and red blood cells is prevented. (1m)
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b. The normal glucose concentration of the blood is maintained. (2m)
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(iv) A person with kidney failure received regular dialysis treatment for 17 days. The
graph below shows how the concentration of urea in the blood changed over the 17
days.

a. State how many times the person received dialysis. (1m)

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b. Calculate the decrease in the concentration of urea in the blood from the
beginning of dialysis until the end of treatment. (1m)
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(v) Describe the changes that occur in the urea concentration in the blood over the
period shown in the graph. (3m)
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(vi) Explain the changes in urea concentration in the blood as shown in the graph. (4m)
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