ME 122 Final Examination 1SY2016-17/12-13-2016

Name_________________________________________________________________________________Student No.____________

1. For a hydroelectric turbine installation having a 30 m elevation difference between upper and lower reservoir, a penstock
having a friction factor of 0.025, a diameter of 1.5 m and length 500 m is to be used. Penstock entry loss factor is 0.5 and draft
tube exit loss factor is 0.3. Determine the flow rate that must be used to give the maximum power output of a hydraulic turbine
installed in this line. For this piping system what would be the maximum flow, and maximum power (note: max flow not
necessarily gives max power, and vice versa). Determine the type, number, specific speed, operating speed and diameter of
turbine/s that must be installed. If you chose a reaction turbine, determine the elevation above tailwater. Assume water to be
o
at 20 C (Psat = 2.34 kPa) and atmospheric pressure is 101kPa. Typical c values for reaction turbines are shown below. For
2
impulse turbines nozzle losses may be approximated as 0.04Vj /2g

Francis Turbines Propeller turbines

Ns 80 160 240 320 400 400 600 800
c 0.025 0.10 0.23 0.40 0.64 0.43 0.73 1.5

2. For the following installations what type of turbine is likely to be used? Explain why. What should be the diameter of the
turbine?

net head 1625 m, 18.65 MW @ 500 rpm.

737 m net head, 48.5 MW @300 rpm.
net head 81 m, 146.5 MW, 128.6 rpm
27m net head, 26,700 kW, 150 rpm
net head 454 m, 47,200 kW, 750 rpm

3. A centrifugal pump is constructed with radially oriented vanes, shown below. The runner outside diameter is 10 cm and the
inside diameter is 7 cm. Blade width at the outer periphery (discharge side) is 2 cm. Flow is 300 liters per minute, at a speed of
600 rpm. Draw the velocity triangles at the entrance and exit, assuming that the blades are frictionless. Indicate the angles
and . Determine the blade width at the runner inlet. Determine the head delivered to the water, and the power needed to
drive the pump.

4. Two reservoirs have an elevation difference of 30 meters and are connected with a 0.25 m diameter pipe 20 m long with a
friction factor of 0.025, entrance loss factor of 0.5 and exit loss factor of 0.5. The upper reservoir is used to supply water to the
lower reservoir through this pipeline. Draw the system curve for this system and find the water flow rate if water from the
upper reservoir water is allowed to flow towards the lower reservoir. If the flow rate is to be increased by 50% above this flow
calculated above, what should be the pump engine/motor power required for pumping assuming that pump efficiency is 80%.
If a pump running at 1200 rpm is used, what type of pump should be used and the diameter?

Centrifugal pumps ns range 10 to 100 with max efficiency of 93% at ns of 50, of 1.1
Mixed flow pumps ns range 70 to 200 with max efficiency of 92% at ns of 120, of 1.3
Axial flow pumps ns range 200 to 300 with max efficiency at of 91% at ns of 245, of 2.2