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Botanical Gazette.
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are placed around the central 9 flowerof the lower chamber (the lateral ones
being suppressed),the cyathiumof Pedilanthusis seen to appear. The changes
hypothetizedhere to effecta passage fromthe inflorescenceof one to that of the
A~~3 A
^~~ ~ 31 ~ ~ ~~~~ 14
FIGS. 9-I4.-Fig. 9, diagramillustratingcomponentsofcyathiumofEuphorbiageniculata;A, outline
of gland occupyingplace of sexual organsin upperchamber(=upper chamberof cyathiumof Pedilan-
ofEuphorbiaceaeEuphorbieae;A,
presumedancestralinflorescence
thus;see fig.2). Fig. io, illustrating
detail of glomerule. Fig. iI, Pavonia hastata: diagram of flowerin longisection.Fig. I 2, Cleistanthus
decurrens:diagramof oe flowerwithpistillode. Fig. I3, showingpossibleevolutionof the a' flowerof
C. decurrens by returnto functionalityof 9 organsand persistencyupon theovaryof sterilizedstamens
(= staminodesor processesof glandularnature). Fig. I4, flowerof Ptychopyxis thwaitesii(Podadenia
thwaitesii)showingpresenceofactual glandson epicarp.
I. Epicarp of Ptychopyxis
The corolla of malvaceous flowersis described in most textbooksas dialipe-
talous. This is erroneous,as the corollain theseflowersis intimatelyconnatewith
the staminal column, the petals and the androeciumfallingtogether,calyptra-
wise, afteranthesis. Such flowersin longitudinalsection have an outline similar
to that shownin figurei i.
Pavonia hastata,a species of the Malvaceae, is knownto turn "cleistogamous"
at certaintimesof the year (GOEBEL in Organ. Pflanzen.3 ed. 3: I97I [fig.20351.
I933, CROIZATinDarwiniana5:4I9. I94I). This "cleistogamy" actuallyconsists
ofa reductionof thecorollaand staminalcolumnwhich,insteadofevolvingin full
blossom,fail to develop and remain inclosed withinthe barely opened or even
unopened calyx. That this is hardlya case of true cleistogamyneed not be em-
phasized. What actually takesplace in Pavonia is this: in summerthe corollaand
Summary
i. The cyathia of Euphorbia and Pedilanthus representdifferent degrees of
adaptation and fusionin a single type of compound lateral inflorescence.Such
was probablyintercalaryin its origin.
an inflorescence
2. A tendency toward the reduction of floral parts involving apetaly and