356 ADVANCED MACHINE WORK 97. Lock washers are used to hold plain automobile nuts, as in Fig. 71. The washer is cut open at A, and bent up at B and down at B’. When nut is screwed down hard these projections cut into both nut and seat and prevent nut becoming loose. Fra. 71.—Fasrentna a Puan Nur wira Lock Wasner. 98. Constants for finding diameter at bottom of U. 8. S., U. 8. F. and V threads. a V Tammn : U.8F. van Inca Consnaser Coe R | Conarasee Fy 57733 18 07217 09623 3 149487 20 06495 708600 4 148301 2 05905, 107873 4a "38400 2 105413 co7ai7 5 [34041 28 [04906 [06062 ob 131402 38 104630 106186 6 28808 30 104330 105773 7 A744 32 04050 05413 8 [21651 38 ‘03808 Lo4g1 9 119245 0 703248 £04330 10 "7g21 “ ‘on962 ‘03038 a 118748 48 102706 703608 2 114434 50. 102508 03464 38 113323 56 02320 ‘03003 4 [12372 60, [02165 0288) 16 110825 4 02080 ‘02706 @ = Constant for number of threads per inch. Formula. D = Outside diameter. - D, = Diameter at bottom of thread. D,=D-C. Example. — Given outside diameter of U. 8. F. screw thread, } inch, 20 threads per inch, find diameter at bottom of thread. Expressed in decimals D = .500" constant for 20 threads, U. 8. F., C = .06495; diameter at bottom of thread D, = .500" — .06495 = 43605" or prac tically yx".