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Key concepts
The essential on planning theory
POLITICAL
PHYSICAL ECOLOGICAL
SOCIAL
ECONOMIC
INSTITUCIONAL
CONCEPT OF ENVIRONMENT
TERRITORY
Refers to :"
-A spatial area dominated by an animal, a person (or group
of people), an organization or an institution. "
-Individual or collective appropriation of a geographic area."
Dansereau, 1969"
!
Environment territory relationship!
!
1. Conditioned spaces, reserved spaces, ecological structure"
2. Physical environment quality: air, water, waste, noise,
energy"
3. Natural and Human Resources Capital"
4. Passive territorial function"
5. Context (cultural, institutional, political, organizational)
ORDENAMENTO DO TERRITRIO / SPATIAL PLANNING
PLANNING
time
GLOBAL AND LOCAL
ENVIRONMENTAL PROBLEMS
Destruction of the Global warming
ozone layer
global
Primitive forest destruction
Acid rains
Overpopulation
Poverty
Water reserves
Water pollution
Hazardeous waste
Atmospheric Pollution"
Smog
Noise
Solid Urban
local
Toxic Waste
contaminants
GLOBAL ENVIRONMENTAL
PROBLEMS
CLIMATE CHANGE"
DESERTIFICATION"
GLOBAL ENVIRONMENTAL
PROBLEMS
CLIMATE CHANGE"
DESERTIFICATION"
UN, 2000"
http://www.un.org/millenniumgoals/
SUSTAINABILITY AS CAPITAL
SUSTAINABILITY CAPITAL
ENVIRONMENTAL NATURAL
SOCIAL HUMAN
DS = E3
Environment
Ecology
Economy
Economy
Ethics
Ethics
BIBLIOGRAPHY ON PLANNING THEORY!
1. PLANNING IS....
2. TYPOLOGIES
Global Economic Planning (QREN)
Spatial physical planning (Regional /Master
Municipal Plan/Urban Plan)
Economic planning and/or sectorial physical
planning (National/Reg/Mun Water, Energy
Plan)
Basic concepts in planning
4. TYPICAL APPROACHES
! Comprehensive ! Desagreggated
! Considers all alternatives to ! Considers society as a group
all objectives of individuals
! Extensive definition of a ! Uses strategies
problem
PLANNING DIMENSIONS
(according to Andreas Faludi)
1960s USA
Systematic Planning School McLoughlin
Cibernetics Chadwich
1960s UK
Strategic Planning School Inst. Operational Research
(Coventry)
Objectives formulation
Proposal / Decision
Monitoring
Review
The Cyclic Decision Process. Source: Hickling, 1985
Alternative PLANNING SCHOOLS contemporaneous
Advocacy planning
Pluralism in planning decisions Davidoff (1965)
Acknowledge the political nature of planning
IS THERE A PROBLEM?
Rationalist approach:
Centred on the solution to the problem as an objective, defines the mode of action
(total sequence of actions) to achieve the objective (resolve the problem).
Strategic approach:
Centred on the understanding of the problem, develops the intermediary and
sequential steps (process) that needs to be adopted (intermediate decisions)
toget us closer to the solution to the problem. Defines strategies for action, flexible
and adaptive
Policy formulation,
negotiation, decision and
assessment
Model of a policy cycle "
Agenda se=ng
Policy
analysis
Evalua/on
Implementa/on
Policy
formula/on
Decision-Making
UNEP, 2009
ENVIRONMENTAL RESOURCES
PROTECTION AND EXPLORATION
environment in planning VALUATION
Environment
al percpetion
SUSTAINABLE RESOURCES
MANAGEMENT
Integration of
SOCIO- ECONOMIC
BENEFITS
PLANNING STRATEGIES
ECONOMIC
DEVELOPMENT