Exercise 5 Section a: ix (Families function as the cornerstone of society, taking care of social organization and of socializing children.) Section b: viii (The family was on the whole seen as important: it was adapted to the needs of society and also met the needs of the family itself) Section c: v (Writers wrote about the disadvantages of the traditional model and society started to have fewer traditional families.) Note: Heading vii [the first criticisms of family] is only part of the issue. Section d: i (This section discusses the point of view of people who see new models as positive [welcomed ... choice), and those who see them as negative linstability, insecurity)) Section e: ii (Politicians have spoken about families and have made policies.) Note: Heading ix could relate to the whole article, but not to one particular section of it. Part 3: Exam practice Section A: i ['Science’ relates to ‘studies’, ‘research’, ‘analysis’ and ‘data’. Note that this paragraph mentions modern technology (vl, but that is not the main idea in the paragraph.) Section B: ii (The main idea of the paragraph is in the last sentence. ‘Honest communication’ relates to ‘talking about problems and working through them’. This is ‘important’, as not being honest about problems and ‘keeping the peace’ can have negative consequences: ‘harmful effects on a relationship’. Note that this paragraph mentions avoiding arguments (vil, but this is described as harmful, not a benefit.) Section C; iii (Certain thoughts can be ‘powerful’ because they have the ability to eventually end relationships: ‘once the idea of divorce is in somebody's mind, they are more likely to act on it Note that this paragraph mentions marrying again [iv], ‘remarriage’ but does not talk about the ikelihood of this happening.) Section D: viii (‘Early’ refers to ‘at the beginning of their marriage’, ‘dissatisfaction’ refers to disappointed’ and ‘consequences’ refers to ‘divorce’.} Section E: vii (The previous paragraph suggested that early disappointment is a predictor for divorce, whereas this paragraph suggests that, in truth, the ‘real’ predictor is ‘the result of a combination of small incidents that add up over time’. Conversely, a ‘lasting’ or ‘happy’ marriage sin ‘the effort made on a daily basis by both partners’.] 2 Healthcare Part1; Vocabulary Exercise 1 a2, b5, c3, di, e6 f4 Exercise 2 1f, 2e, 3a, 4c, 5d, 6b Exercise 3 1b, 2a, 3a Exercise 4 1 fatalities: deaths [synonym] 2 scalded: burnt {synonym} 3 kit: equipment [synonym] 4 ignorance: knowledge (or common sense] (antonym) Exercise 5 Tto commission, 2asurvey, 3torecover, 4aninjury, Stoequip, 6aid, 7 to ignore Reading for IELTSPart 2: Practice exercises Exercise 1 1 Report on Social Insurance, 21942, 3socialinsurance, 4 five/5 5 Want, Disease, Ignorance, Squalor, Idleness, 6 poor housing and homelessness, 7 the existence of poverty in Britain Exercise 2 State responsibility: * community provision in some societies, e.g. in Israeli kibbutzim * in England, some involvement in caring for the poor since Elizabethan times: 1601 Poor Law (money was collected from each household and given to the needy] Support from the church: provided charitable support when the state didn't Exercise 3 Paragraph 2: This gives examples of how and by whom vulnerable people are supported in different societies and discusses attitudes to the vulnerable. Paragraph 3: This discusses the support given to the vulnerable in England since the seventeenth century. Notice how this passage moves from the general to the specific: introduction of topic, the vulnerable in different societies, the vulnerable in England Exercise 4 1 Paragraph 2 (In some societies, the care of the vulnerable is seen as the responsibility of the family or the village and Attitudes to the vulnerable vary.) 2 Paragraph 1 [In all societies there are groups of people who are potentially vulnerable. These include children, older people, people with disabilities, and the poor, for example.) 3 Paragraph 3 (Not until the opening years of the twentieth century did the state begin to take a proactive role in the care and welfare of its citizens.) 4 Paragraph 2 lin some societies, the care of the vulnerable is seen as the responsibility of the family or the village. In others, it is principally the responsibility of the state, through community provision.) Exercise 5 1 shapes, 2heights, 3physicalabilities, 4genes, Sageing, 4 diets, 7 general quality of life Check that you have used no more than four words for each answer. Exercise 6 children under 15, but not the first child The National Insurance Act 1946 all workers who paid weekly from their wages into the national insurance scheme The National Assistance Act 1948 a minimum income The National Health Service Act 1948 8 the whole national population Note: The clear organisation of a text can help you. Each paragraph normally makes a separate point and here there is a clear division between the different Acts, which helps you to find the rest of the information that you are looking for. In some cases the information from the text needs to be. re-organised: the National Health Service Act mentions three principles but in the table there is a separate section for information about who the payment is for (see number 8). NOT PRwONPart3: Exam practice 1€30, 2€80, 3€3.70, 4599.3/almost 600, 5288.3, 6267 Notes: * This is a long text, so it is important that you do net read all of it. You are not expected to demonstrate your understanding of the text but your ability to find specific information in it. * You are asked for very specific information and this is not usually found in the first paragraph * Most of the missing information consists of numbers, so scanning is a good technique to use. Scanning for the names of the drugs is also helpful. * The example that was already filled in (458) should alert you to the fact that you do not need to write '€’ or ‘million’; that information is already given in the heading. 3 Getting an education Part1: Vocabulary Exercise 1 a2, b3, c4, dé e5, f1 Exercise 2 1d, 2e, 3a, 4f, 5c, 6g, 7b Exercise 3 Ifyou send your child to a boarding school you can be looking at fees of almost £8,000 per term. Eton will charge £7,8% a term from September — a rise of 5.8% on last year’s fees. Winchester’s fees have gone up 5% from £7,457 to £7,833 a term. Day schools are cheaper, but even these are charging an average of £2,796 a term — £8,388 a year. Ifyou have a baby this year and plan to send him or her to a private day school for secondary education, it will set you back about £150,000, according to an independent adviser. If your child is starting senior school this September, the school fees between 11 and 18 will total an average of £75,500, assuming the fees rise by 7% a year. Exercise 4 th, 2f, 3j, 4c, 5a, 6g, 7i, 8b, 9d, We Notes: * In Britain, a public school is a private independent secondary school. It is fee-paying and normally a boarding school. In the United States, a public school is a school supported by public funds. * primary school (Britain) = elementary school [USA] Exercise 5 4 General Certificate of Secondary Education Exercise 6 1a [The meaning must be negative: the mother says she felt ‘like a monster’. 2c (The authority wants to do something contrary to what the experts say and parents want, so the answer cannot be ‘b’, which mentions agreement. The image of a wall as an obstacle might help you work out the meaning.) 3a ‘unable to cope’ and ‘struggling to get his needs met’ suggest that this is an illness or condition. ‘Cater’ does not relate to food here, but the ability to meet other types of needs.) 4b [The word ‘progress’ (‘it's worth it to see Joshua making progress’) should give you the answer.) Reading for IELTS