CORIOLLIS COMPONENT OF ACCELERATION APPARATUS

If a point is moving along a line, with the line having rotational motion, the absolute
acceleration of the point, is vector sum of
i) Absolute acceleration of coincident point over the link relative to fixed center.
ii) Acceleration of point under consideration relative to coincident point and
iii) The third component, called coriollis component of acceleration

THEORY-
Consider the motion of slider B on the crank OA. Let OA rotate with constant
angular velocity of rad /sec, and slider B have a radial outwards velocity V m/sec relative
to crank center O

REF.FIG. A
In the velocity diagram, Oa represents tangential velocity of slider at crank position
OA, and ab represents radial velocity of slider, at same crank position Oa is the tangential
velocity of slider at crank position OA and ab represents radial velocity of slider at same
crank position.
Hence, bb represents the resultant charge of velocity of slider. This velocity has two
component b T and bT in tangential and radial directions respectively.

Now, Tangential component, bT

= bs + sT
= V sin d + (r + dr)-r
= V d + dr --------------------------------- (i)

Therefore Rate of change of tangential velocity

d dr
= V -------- + --------
dt dt
=V + V
= 2 V ----------------------------- (ii)
Equation (ii) represents coriollis component of acceleration. This acceleration is made up of
two components, one due to increase in radius and other from change in the direction of
crank.
Hydraulic Analogy

REF.FIG. B

Consider a short column of fluid of length dr at radius r from axis of rotation of the
tube. Then, if velocity of fluid relative tube is V and angular velocity of tube is then
coriollis component of acceleration is 2 V in a direction perpendicular to rotation of tube.
The torque dT applied by the tube to produce this acceleration is then
dW
dT = ------- 2V r
g

Where, dW is weight of short column of fluid.

If W be the specific weight of fluid and a is cross sectional area of tube,

Then,

dW = W a dr

W a dr
dT = --------- 2 V r
g

and total torque applied to column of length l,

1 W
T= / 2 ------- V .a.r.dr
0 g
W
T = -------- w V. a.I2
g

Hence, coriiiollis component of acceleration,

2 gT
CA = --------- ------------------------------ (iii)
W a I2

THE APPARATUS
The apparatus uses hydraulic analogy to determine coriollis component of
acceleration. The apparatus consists of two brass tubes connected to a cental rotar distributor.
The distributor is rotated by a variable speed d.c motor. Water is supplied to a distributor by
a pump through ratameter.When tubes are rotating with water flowing through tubes, with
various measurements provided, coriollis component can be determined experimentally and
theoretically.
SPECIFICATIONS
1) Pipes 8 mm I.D 312mm. Effective length 2 Nos.
2) Drive motor 0.5 HP. 1500 rpm d.c. motor, swinging field type with speed control.
3) Torque arm Radius 0.112 m with 5 kg. capacity spring balance.
4) Pump 0.5 H.P capacity 25 x 25mm connection single ph.
5) Rotameter
6) Housing for rotating pipes, which also acts as water reservoir, with top
Perspex sheet.

EXPERIMENTAL PROCEDURE
Fill up sufficient water in the tank. Rotate the coupling to ensure free rotation. Check
the nut bolts for tightening. Start the motor and set the speed as required, e.g. say 200 rpm.
Measure the torque required for free rotation of tubes at that speed. (for measuring the
torque, pointer over the torque arm must coincide with the stationary pointer, before taking
spring balance reading.)
Now start the pump and adjust the flow rate with the help of bypass valve, so that
water does not overflow through central glass tube and also pipes run full of water. Now
adjest the speed to previous value and measure the torque. Note down water flow rate.
Repeat the procedure at different speeds.

OBSERVATIONS
Sr. No Speed N Spring balance Water flow
(Kg)
(rpm) Initial Final (LPH)

CALCULATIONS
1) Bore Dia. Of tubes = 8 mm
flow area of tubes = 0.05 x 10-3 m2
Total flow area = 0.0001 m2

2) Flow rate = Q = LPH / 3.6 x106 m3 / Sec.

Velocity of water through the tubes,

Q
V = --------- m/s
a

3) Length of torque arm = m

T = (spring bal. Difference) x Kg m

 4) Now theoretically,

CA = 2V
= 2V 2 N /60
Practically,

2gT
CA = --------- m/sec2
W. a. I2

Where, W = Specific weight of water

= 1000 Kg / m3
I = Effective length of tube
= m
a = Flow area of tube
= 0.0001 m2
and T = Torque in Kg-m

PRECAUTIONS

1) While filling the water, see that there is sufficient gap between tubes and water
surface.
2) Remove the glass tube with its water supply nozzle after the experiment is over.
Store glass tube safety.
3) Drain the water after the experiment is over.
4) Operate all the switches and controls gently.
 -: SAMPLE CALCULATION (Only for guidance):-

(CORIOLLIS COMPONENT OF ACCELERATION)

OBSERVATIONS :-
Sr. No Speed Spring balance Water flow
(N) Reading (LPH)
(Kg)
(RPM) Initial Final
1 100 0.225 0.525 600
2 150 0.250 0.750 675
3 200 0.275 1.000 725
4 250 0.350 1.500 950
5 300 0.375 1.875 975

CALCULATIONS - for reading No - 3

1) Bore dia. Of tubes = 8mm

Flow area of tube = 0.05 x 10-3 m2
Total flow area = 0.0001 m2

LPH
2) Flow rate, Q = --------------
3.6 x 106

725
Q = --------------
3.6 x 106

Q = 2.01 x 10-4 m3 /Sec

Velocity of water through the tubes,

Q
V = --------- m / s
a

2.01 x 10-4
V = ---------------
1 x 10-4

V = 2.01 m/s

3) Length of torque arm = 0.06 m

 T = (Spring bal. Difference) x 0.06
T = (1.00 0.275) x 0.06
T = 0.0435 Kg m.

4) Now theoretically,

CA = 2V
2xxN
= 2 x V x ---------------
60
2 x x 200
= 2 x 2.01 x ---------------
60
= 84.19 m / Sec2 ------------------------------ (1)

Practically,

2gT
CA = --------- m / sec2
W. a. I2
2 x 9.81 x0.0435
= ----------------------------
1000 x 1 x10-4 x (0.329) 2

= 78.85 m / sec2 ---------------------------- (2)

Compare the values of equation (1) & (2)

RESULT TABLE : -

SR NO Discharge - Velocity Torque CA act

LPH Q = (S.B Diff. CA theo. 2gT
Q = --------- V = --------- X 0.06) = 2V = ---------
3.6 x 106 A ( kg m) (m / sec2) W. a. I2
3
(m /Sec) (m / sec) (m / sec2)
1 1.670 x 10-4 1.67 0.018 34.98 32.63
-4
2 1.875 x 10 1.875 0.030 58.90 54.38
-4
3 2.010 x 10 2.01 0.0435 84.19 78.85
4 2.640 x 10-4 2.64 0.069 138.23 125.07
-4
5 2.710 x 10 2.71 0.090 170.27 163.14

NOTE: This calculation is only for reference purpose.