EXECUTIVE DEPARTMENT
Point Of Comparison 1897
1. Executive Power Executive Power shall be
vested on the President of
the Philippines. And that, he
will also be considered as the
head of state and
government. (Art VII,Sec.1)
2. Manner Of Election Of P and VP shall be elected by
the President and Vice a direct vote of the
President/ Prime Minister people(Art VII,Sec.4)
Unless otherwise provided shall be held on the
by law, the regular election second Monday of
for P and VP shall be held on May. (Art VIII, Sec.5)
the second Monday of May.
Returns of every election for
Pres.and Vice-Pres. shall be
transmitted to Congress,
1973 1943 1935 1899
The Executive power It will be vested on the It will be vested on the The President shall
shall be exercised by President of the Republic Of President of the execute laws. (Article
the Prime Minister with the Philippines.(Art II, Sec.1) Philippines.(sec.1) 60)
the assistance of the
Cabinet. The Cabinet,
headed by the Prime
Minister, shall consist
of the heads of
ministries as provided
by law. The Prime
Minister shall be the
head of the
government. (Art IX,
Sec.1)
Shall be elected from Pres. shall be elected by a P and VP shall be elected by The President of the
among the Members of majority of all the members direct vote of the Republic shall be
the National Assembly of the National Assembly people.(Sec.2) elected by absolute
by a majority vote of all .(Art II,Sec.2) The Prime majority of votes by the
its Members(Sec.2) Minister shall be elected by Assembly and by the
a majority of all the special
Members of the National Representatives,
Assembly from among convened in chamber
themselves. (art IX, Sec.3) assembles. (Article 58)
Place and on the date of Shall be held once every four Shall be held least one
election to be fixed by law. years on a date to be fixed by month before the
(Art II, Sec.2) law. (Art VII, Sec.4) expiration of the term
. of office of the
Representatives.(Title
V, Art 39)
 directed to the Senate
Pres.(Art VII, Sec.4)
3. Qualifications of the Must be a natural-born
President citizen of the Phil.,a
registered voter, able to read
and write, at least forty
years(40) of ageon the day of
election and a resident of
the Phil for at least ten
years(10) preceding such
election.(Art VII,Sec.2)
4. Term of Office of Pres. Six(6) years which shall begin
and Vice-Pres. at noon on the Second
Monday of May. not be
eligible for any re-election..
(Art VII, Sec.4)
5. Vacancy of office If the Pres.-elect fails to
qualify, not have been
chosen, the VP shall act as
the Pres. If then, the Pres.
died or have been
permanently disables, the
Vice-Pres. shall become the
Pres. Where no P and VP
Must be at least fifty Must be a natural-born Must be a natural born citizen
years of age at the day citizen of the Philippines, is of the Philippines, a qualified
of his election as forty years of age or over, voter, forty years of age or
President, and a and has been a resident of over, and has been a resident
resident of the the Philippines for at least of the Philippines for at least
Philippines for at least ten years immediately ten years immediately
ten years immediately preceding the election. preceding the election. (Sec.3)
preceding his election. (Sec.3)
However, if no
Member of the
National Assembly is
qualified or none of
those qualified is a
candidate for
President, any Member
thereof may be elected
President.(Sec.3)
Six years from the date Six years, this shall begin at The terms of the President His term of office shall
he takes his oath of noon of the thirtieth day of and Vice-President shall end be four years, and may
office, which shall not December. May not be re- at noon on the thirtieth day of be reelected. (Title VIII,
be later than three elected for the following December following the rticle 58)
days after the term. (article II, Sec.4-5) expiration of four years after
proclamation of the their election, and the terms
National of their successors shall begin
Assembly(Article XIII, from such time. (Article VII,
Sec.2) Sec 4)
In case of permanent If his successor shall not If the Pres-elect shall have In case of death or
disability, death, have been chosen before died, the Vice-Pres-elect resignation of the
removal from office, or such time, or if the Pres.- shall become Pres. If a P President of the
resignation of the elect shall have failed to shall not have been chosen Republic, the Assembly
President, the Speaker qualify, then the outgoing before the time fixed for the shall meet in session by
of the National Pres. shall continue in office beginning of his term or if its own right or by
Assembly shall act as until his successor shall the Pres shall have failed to initiative of the
President until a have been elected and qualify, then the VP shall act President or of the
 shall have been chosen or
shall have qualified, or
where both shall have died
or become permanently
disabled, the Pres of the
Senate or, in case of his
inability, the Speaker of the
H of R, shall act as Pres until
a P or a VP shall have been
chosen and qualified. (Article
VII, Sec.7-8)
successor has been qualified. In the event of the
elected for the removal of the P from office
unexpired portion of or of his death, resignation,
the term of the or inability to discharge the
President. (Article VII, powers and duties of his
Sec.5) office, the same shall
devolve on the ranking
Minister in the order of
precedence established by
law until a new Pres. shall
have been elected for the
unexpired term.(Art II,
Sec.5)
as Pres until a Pres shall
have qualified, and the
Congress may by law
provide for the case wherein
neither a Pres-elect nor a
Vice-Pres-elect shall have
qualified, declaring who
shall then act as Pres, or the
manner in which one who is
to act shall be selected, and
such person shall act
accordingly until a P or VP
shall have qualified. (Art VII,
Sec.6)
Permanent
Commission. In the
meantime that the new
President has not been
chosen, the National
Assembly functions
shall be exercised by
the Chief Justice of the
Supreme Court. (Title
IX, Sec. 39-40)

6. Appointing Power Any appointment of the
Pres.shall be limited to his
spouse and relatives by
consanguinity or affinity
within the fourth civil
degree. Appointments exten-
ded by an Acting Pres shall
remain effective, unless
revoked by the elected Pres,
within ninety days from his
assumption or reassumption
of office. Two months
immediately before the next
presidential elections up to
the end of his term, a Pres or
Acting Pres. shall not make
appointments, except
temporary appointments to
executive positions when
continued vacancies will
prejudice public service or
endanger public safety. No
The Prime Minister The President shall appoint
shall appoint the the Ministers and Vice-
members of the Ministers, and with the
Cabinet who shall be advice of his Cabinet, shall
the heads of ministries appoint ambassadors,
at least a majority of diplomatic ministers and
whom shall come from consuls, heads of bureaus
the National Assembly. and offices, officers of the
The Prime Minister Army from the rank of
shall appoint the colonel, of the Navy and of
Deputy Prime Minister the Air forces from the rank
from among the of captain or commander,
Members of the provincial governors, city
National Assembly. (Art and municipal mayors, and
IX, Sec.4-9) all other officers of the
government whose
appointments are not
otherwise provided for by
law. (Art II, Sec.10)
The Pres shall have the power The President of the
to make appointments during Republic shall appoint
the recess of the Congress, the secretaries of the
but such appointments shall Government. (Title XIII,
be effective only until Article 67)
disapproval by the
Commission on
Appointments or until the
next adjournment of the
Congress.The President shall
nominate and with the
consent of the Commission
on Appointments, shall
appoint the heads of the
executive departments and
bureaus, officers of the Army
from the rank of colonel, of
the Navy and Air Forces from
the rank of captain or
commander, and all other
officers of the Government
whose appointments are not

7. Control Power
8. Granting of privileges to
convicted/imprisoned
criminals.
nomination/appointment
shall be made without the
consent of the Commission
on Appointments. No
appointments shall be made
during a recess of the
Congress. (Art VII, Sec. 13-
16)
The President shall have
control of all the executive
departments, bureaus, and
offices. (Art VII, Sec.17)
The President may grant
reprieves, commutations,
and pardons, and remit fines
and forfeitures, after
conviction by final judgment
except in cases of
impeachment, or as
otherwise provided in this
Constitution. He shall also
have the power to grant
The Prime Minister The President shall have
shall have control of all supervision and control of
ministries. (Art IX, all the ministries, bureaus or
Sec.11) offices, all local
governments, and all other
branches or
instrumentalities of the
Executive Department, and
take care that the laws be
faithfully executed. (Art II,
Sec.8)
The Prime Minister The President shall have the
may, except in cases of power to grant reprieves,
impeachment grant commutations and pardons,
reprieves, and remit fines and
commutations, and forfeitures, after conviction,
pardons, remit fines for all offenses, upon such
and forfeitures after conditions and with such
final conviction, and restrictions and limitations
with the concurrence as he may deem proper to
of the National impose. He shall have the
herein otherwise provided
for, and those whom he may
be authorized by law to
appoint; but the Congress
may by law vest the
appointment of inferior
officers, in the President
alone, in the courts, or in the
heads of departments. (art
VII, Sec.3-4)
The President shall have
control of all executive
departments, bureaus or
offices, exercise general
provision over all local
governments as may be
provided by law, and take
care that the laws be
faithfully executed. (Art VII,
Sec.10)
The President shall have the
power to grant reprieves,
commutations, and pardons,
and remit fines and
forfeitures, after conviction,
for all expenses except in
case of impeachment, upon
such conditions and with
such restrictions and
limitations as he may deem
The administration of
the particular interests
of towns, provinces,
and of the State shall
correspond to the
Popular Assembles, the
Provincial Assemblies,
and to the
Administration in
power, in accordance
with the laws, and
observing the most
liberal policy of
decentralization and
administrative
autonomy. (Title VII,
Art 57)
The President Grant
pardon to convicted
criminals in accordance
with the laws, except
any special provision
relating to the
Secretaries of the
Government. (Title VII,
Art 67)
 amnesty with the Assembly, grant
concurrence of a majority of amnesty. (art IX,
all the Members of the Sec.14)
Congress. (Art VII, Sec.19)
9. Borrowing Power The President may contract The Prime Minister
or guarantee foreign loans may contract and
on behalf of the Republic of guarantee foreign and
the Philippines with the prior domestic loans on
concurrence of the behalf of the Republic
Monetary Board. (Art VII, of the Philippines,
Sec. 20) subject to such
limitations as may be
provided by law. (Art
IX, Sec.15)
10. Chief of the Armed President (Art VII, Sec. 18)
Prime Minister [may
Forces of the Philippines also call out such
armed forces to
prevent or suppress
lawless violence,
invasion, insurrection,
or rebellion]. (Art IX,
Sec.12)
11. Other Powers of the Informing Power(Art VII, All powers vested in
Chief Executive Sec.23), Diplomatic Power the Pres of the
(Art VII, Sec.21), Philippines under 1935
Constitution and the
laws of the land which
are not herein provided
for or conferred upon
any official shall be
deemed, and are
hereby, vested in the
Prime Minister, unless
the National Assembly
provides otherwise.
power to grant amnesty
with the concurrence of the
National Assembly. (Art II,
Sec.13)
President (Art II, Sec.9)
Diplomatic power and
power to declare war and
make peace ( Art II, Sec.13),
Informing power (Art II,
Sec.14)
proper to impose. He shall
have the power to grant
amnesty with the
concurrence of the Congress.
(Art VII, Sec.6)
President(Art VII, Sec.10) President[who shall
also act as the
supervisor of all civil
and military
employees] (Title VII,
Article 68)
Diplomatic and Informing Right to initiate the
Power (Art VII, Sec.10) introduction of
bills(Title VIII, Art 60),
Power to declare war
and make/ratify
treaties(Title VII, Art
65), Diplomatic and
commercial relations
with foreign
powers(Title VIII,
Art.67),
alienate,transfer or
incorporate any portion
(Art IX, Sec.16) of the Phil.territory,
admit stationing of
foreign troops in the
Phil.territory(Title VIII,
Art.68), Power to
dissolve Assemblies of
the Nation(Title VIII,
Art.6