CPB40003 Introduction To Renewable Energy Assignment: Energy Full Report

CPB 40003-Introduction To Renewable Energy Page |1
CPB 40003 - INTRODUCTION TO RENEWABLE ENERGY
ASSIGNMENT 1 : ENERGY ( PERSONAL ASSIGNMENT )
STUDENTS NAME : SITI HAJAR MOHAMED
STUDENT ID : 55213114225
COURSE : BCP ( SEMESTER 3 SEPT 2015 )
GROUP : L01 - T02
LECTURERS NAME : DR. ROBERT THOMAS BACHMANN
DATE SUBMITTED : 21st SEPTEMBER 2015
TABLE OF CONTENT
Page
Cover Page
Table of Content
Objective.3
Task Title
Task 1.1..4-7
Task 1.2...8-9
Table 1 Online Data Provided by Malaysias Sustainable Energy
Development Authority (SEDA).8
Task 1.3....10-11
Table 2 Unit conversion.10-11
Task 1.412-13
Table 1.4 (a) TPES value from IEA statistics
Table 1.4 (b) Percentage of contribution of the TPES from IEA statistics
Task 1.514-32
Table 3 List of electrical appliances commonly used in households...14
Table 4 Monthly and Annual Electricity Consumption and Annual
Electricity Cost.15
Graph 1 Graph of contribution of each appliance to the electricity

consumption (in kWh/year).18
Table 5 Estimated Monthly Electricity Consumption and the Actual
Monthly Electricity Bill19
Table 6 List of More Energy Efficient Electrical Appliances.29
Table 7 Amount of electricity (kWh/a) and money [RM/a] could be
saved per year if the energy efficient appliances were used instead..30
References.33-34
Attachment.... 35-37
Figure 1 : Allocated installed capacity solar PV35
Figure 2 : Allocated installed capacity biogas35
Figure 3 : Allocated installed capacity biomass.36
Figure 4 : Allocated installed capacity small hydro36
Figure 5 : Allocated installed capacity geothermal.36
Figure 6 : Cumulated installed capacity .37
Figure 7 : RE generation.37
Objectives
1. Deepen the knowledge conveyed during class.
2. Enable student to source and evaluate information pertaining to energy statistics and efficiency.
3. Practice and improve independent working skills.

Task 1.1
1.1 The Renewable Energy Act 725 was enacted by the Malaysian parliament in 2011. State the
purpose of the act, explain the feed-in-tariff system and the meaning and consequences of grid
parity. [10 marks]
a) State purpose of act 725
The implementation of The Renewable Energy Act 725 that was enacted by Malaysian
Parliament in 2011 is anticipated to accelerate the development of renewable energy in
Malaysia because the adoption of the Feed In Tariff (FiT) mechanism has an incentive
structure to encourage the growth of renewable energy.( Datuk Peter Chin,2011).
The Renewable Energy Act 725 (2011) defined renewable energy as means electricity
generated or produced from renewable resources such as biogas and small hydro which
the sources of the energy can always be replaced and does not run out.. It has been
described as an act to provide for the formation and execution of a special tariff system to
catalyse the generation of renewable energy and to supply for related matters.
b) Explain feed-in tariff system
Under Section 3, the feed-in tariff system was established. Feed-in tariff system set up to
provide a continuous supply line connection to the distribution licensees and feed-in tariff
payable by a distribution licensee to feed the approval of the shareholders. Authority shall
administer and implement the tariff system pursuant to the provisions of this Act. The authorities
shall take due consideration of the objections to the Act, the foundations of government
renewable, the amount of money available in the fund, and the need to preserve the diversity and
the need for fair competition and transparency in the implementation of the feed-in tariff system
in carrying out the functions and duties under this Act.
Feed-in Tariff system (FiT) system was set up by the Sustainable Energy Development
Authority Malaysia (SEDA) to allow the electricity produced from indigenous renewable energy
(RE) to be sold to power utilities at a fixed premium price and for a specified duration.
(SEDA,2015).
Distribution Licensees (DLS) is required to buy from the Feed-in Approval Holders
(FIAHs) electricity produced from renewable sources (renewables) and set the FiT by the Tariff
(FiT) Feed-in Malaysia. Renewable energy supplied to the electric grid for a certain period will
be paid by DLS. FiT mechanism will ensure that renewable energy has become a viable and
strong long-term investment for industrial companies and also for individuals. Terms FiT to
ensure access to the grid and set a favorable price for each unit of renewable
energy.(SEDA,2015).
i) Distribution licensees: companies that hold a license to distribute electricity
(example : Tenaga Nasional Berhad)
ii) Feed-in Approval Holders: An individual or company that holds a certificate of
approval issued by SEDA encouragement Malaysia and qualified to sell
renewable energy at a rate FiT.
iii) FiT rates: a fixed premium rate to be paid for each unit of renewable energy sold
to Distribution Licensees. renewable resources are different and have installed
capacity FiT rate varies. Bonus FiT rate applicable when the criteria for the bonus
conditions are met
iv) Indigenous: renewable sources must be from within Malaysia and not imported
from other countries.
v) Duration: The duration of electricity paid by renewable FiT rates can be sold to
licensed distribution of this period is based on the characteristics of renewable
resources and technologies. This period is 21 years for small hydropower and
solar photovoltaic technology and 16 years for biomass and biogas
sources.(SEDA,2015).
c) Meaning and consequences grid parity
Grid parity (or socket parity) occurs when an alternative energy source can generate power at
a levelized cost of electricity (LCoE) that is less than or equal to the price of purchasing power
from the electricity grid. The term is most commonly used when discussing renewable
energy sources, notably solar power and wind power. Grid parity depends upon whether you are
calculating from the point of view of a utility or of a retail consumer. Reaching grid parity is
considered to be the point at which an energy source becomes a contender for widespread
development without subsidies or government support. It is widely believed that a wholesale
shift in generation to these forms of energy will take place when they reach grid
parity.(Wikipedia,2015)
The term grid parity is meant to describe the point in time at which a developing
technology will produce electricity for the same cost to rate payers as traditional technologies.
That is when then new technology can produce electricity for the same cost as the electricity
available on a utilitys transmission and distribution grid. Utility rates rise from year to year,
the levelized cost of the power from the grid will be higher than the current cost. If the renewable
energy systems levelized cost is equal to or lower than the utility levelized cost, the systems
cost is at or below grid parity. Grid parity is one of the most misused terms in renewable energy
discussions. Headlines frequently refer to wind or solar power approaching grid parity as the
costs for these projects fall. A reader might assume that this event will occur at some particular
price/megawatt or kilowatt hour. (Renewable Energy Advisors,2011)

Task 1.2
1.2 Using online data provided by Malaysias Sustainable Energy Development Authority
(SEDA), complete Table 1. Determine the utilization factor for each RE source and give one (1)
reason why some RE sources have a lower utilization factor than others. [12 marks]
Table 1 Online Data Provided by Malaysias Sustainable Energy Development Authority
(SEDA)
RE sources Allocated installed Cumulated Theoretical Actual RE Utilisation factor

capacity (2015) installed RE generation (%)
[MW] capacity generation (June 2015)
(2015) (June 2015) [MWh]
[MW] [MWh]
H1 H2
Solar PV 10.39 70.54 208.12 149 846.40 6170.63 4.12
Biogas 0.00 0.00 6.48 4665.60 406.26 8.71
Biomass 76.00 22.00 67.90 48 888.00 7911.14 16.18
Small 42.54 0.00 18.30 13 176.00 1438.13 10.91

hydro
Geothermal 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

Theoretical RE Generation June 2015 = cumulated installed capacity 2015 x 30 days x 24 hours
()
Utilisation factor (in %) = x 100%
()
Based on data taken from the Sustainable Energy Development Authority Malaysia (SEDA), the
highest utilization factor is biomass, which is 16:18%. Small hydro is 10.91%, biogas is 8.71%,
4.12% solar PV and the lowest is geothermal, which is 0.00%. wood biomass as an energy
source that is today the biggest reason why the biomass has the highest consumption in Malaysia.
There are many sources of biomass in Malaysia, namely agricultural waste, food waste and
industrial waste. Biomass fuel is that it can continuously provide a significant reduction in net
carbon emissions. Solar PV can be used in places exposed to the sun is shining and has space
provided. The percentage of resource utilization factor of solar PV is small in Malaysia as a
source of solar PV is intermittent sources. It has a high cost, especially for storage and also not
available at night or under clouds. This is the energy source that is clean because the power
generated directly from sunlight and prevented from contamination. Geothermal is a resource
that has zero percent of utilization factor, which is a geothermal sources. Malaysia does not have
any source of geothermal energy again so that is why the use of zero. This is because the FiT
system announced that any source should be original where renewable must be in Malaysia and
not imported from other countries. Malaysia does not have any chance to have a source of
geothermal energy because Malaysia is not a suitable country to have it.

CPB 40003-Introduction To Renewable Energy P a g e | 10
Task 1.3
Complete Table 2. [16 marks]
Table 2 Unit conversion
Number 10^ Number
0.023 m 2.3000 x 10-2 m 23 mm
590 kW 5.9000 x 105 W 0.59 MW
14.3 mA 1.4300 x 107 nA 0.0143 A
32.7 N cm-2 3.2700 x 105 Pa 0.327 MPa
90 718.60 g 1 10-1 t 90 718 600 mg
0.9997 t (metric) 1.102 x 100 t (short) 0.9839 t (long)
51.3 cm 5.1300 x 10-4 km 513 mm
0.2900 cm2 2.9 10-5 m2 0.0029 dm2
159 g cm2 1.5900 x 10-5 kg m2 15.9 kg mm2
1 ha 1.0000 x 104 m2 0.01 km2
7430 mm3 7.4300 x 10-6 m3 0.00743 dm3
35.6 kg cm-1 3.5600 x 106 gm-1 3.9242 t m-1
19.2 cm3 1.92 10-2 dm3 19 200 mm3
47.2 W cm-2 4.7200 x 102 kW m-2 4.72 kW dm-2
63.4 kJ m-3 6.3400 x 10-2 J cm-3 0.0000634 J mm-3

Number 10^ Number
3412.14163 BTU 1 100 kWh 3 600 000 J
90 mol L-1 9.0000 x 100 kmol hL-1 0.00009 kmol ml-1
90 mol L-1 9.0000 x 10-5 kmol cm-3 90 kmol m-3
0.18 EJ 1.8000 x 1017 J 180 000 000 GJ

Task 1.4
Compare the absolute (in Exajoule-EJ) and relative (in % contribution) total primary energy carrier
supply (TPES) mix in Malaysia with China, Germany, India, Thailand and USA. Use IEA statistics and a
spreadsheet. Identify the country that has the least diversified TPES mix. [14 marks]
Table 1.4 (a) TPES value from IEA statistics
Country Total Primary Energy Supply (TPES)
In unit Mega Toe (Mtoe) In unit ExaJoule (EJ)
Malaysia 81.23 3401.10
China 16.63 612.65
Germany 313.00 13 104.68
India 788.00 32 991.97
Thailand 127.00 5317.23
USA 2141.00 89 639.35
Unit conversion from joule (J) to tone of oil equivalent (toe);
1 J = 2.388458966275 x 10-11 toe

Table 1.4 (b) Percentage of contribution of the TPES from IEA statistics
Fuel Type PERCENTAGE OF CONTRIBUTION OF THE TOTAL PRIMARY ENERGY SUPPLY (%)
MALAYSIA CHINA GERMANY INDIA THAILAND USA
Natural Gas 39.9 16.7 22.2 6.2 27.9 27.9
Oil 35.4 27.2 32.2 22.5 39.0 36.1
Hydro 1.0 - 0.6 1.4 0.6 1.1
Nuclear - - 8.2 1.1 - 9.8
Coal 19.4 55.2 25.5 45.0 13.9 19.9
Biofuels/ 4.3 0.9 8.9 23.5 18.6 4.1
Waste
Geothermal/ - - 2.3 0.4 - 1.1
solar/ winds
Based on Table _ , the country that has the least total primary energy supply is China because they only
has 4 type of primary energy supply which are natural gas, oils, coals, and biofuels and waste.
Task 1.5
Carry out a simple energy audit for your parents flat or house. List down all electrical appliances,
their number, the power rating and average usage per day. An example is shown in Table 3.
Table 3 List of electrical appliances commonly used in households
Number Usage per Daily

of Power appliance Consumption
Electrical appliance appliances [W] [hr/d] (kWh/day)
TV (LED, size: 31.51 in.) 1 42 17 0.71

Light (fluorescent) 9 13 12 1.40
Ceiling fan 4 50 20 4.00
PC 1 35 6 0.21
Printer 1 120 1 0.12
PC screen (LCD) 1 150 6 0.90
Music station 1 20 2 0.04
Shower 1 1050 2 2.10
Fridge
(conventional,capacity :
25.5 cu ft ) 1 200 24 4.80
Rice cooker 1 625 0.5 0.31
Iron 1 1000 0.5 0.50
Washing machine 1 300 1 0.30
Air conditioner
(1 HP,conventional) 1 1000 20 20.00
TOTAL 24 4605 112.0 35.39

a) Based on the information provided in Table 1, estimate the monthly and annual
electricity consumption. Using the appropriate electricity tariff determine the annual
electricity cost for the household. [6 Marks]
Table 4 Monthly and Annual Electricity Consumption and Annual Electricity Cost
Electrical Number of Power Usage Monthly Annual Annual Electricity Cost

Appliance Appliance (W) per Consumption Consumption (RM/year)
Appliance (kWh/month) (kWh/year)
(hr/day)
Current bill Inclusive
0% GST 6% GST
TV (LED, 1 42 17 21.42 260.61 63.84 63.84
size: 31.51
in.)
Light 9 13 12 42.12 512.46 175.10 181.39
(fluorescent
)
Ceiling fan 4 50 20 120.00 1 460.00 682.51 719.25
PC 1 35 6 6.30 76.65 16.71 16.71
Printer 1 120 1 3.60 43.80 9.55 9.55
PC screen 1 150 6 27.00 328.50 84.32 85.16
(LCD)
Music 1 20 2 1.20 14.60 3.18 3.18
station
Shower 1 1050 2 63.00 766.50 305.46 319.58
Fridge 1 200 24 144.00 1 752.00 842.67 889.02
(convention
al,
capacity :
25.5 cu ft )
Rice cooker 1 625 0.5 9.38 114.06 31.41 31.41
Iron 1 1000 0.5 15.00 182.50 39.78 39.78
Washing 1 300 1 9.00 109.50 23.87 23.87
machine
Air 1 1000 20 600.00 7300.00 3885.75 4114.68
conditioner
(1hp,
convention
al)
TOTAL 24 4605 112.0 1062.02 12 921.18 6 164.15 6 497.42
Malaysias electricity tariff (domestic)
First 200 kWh = 21.80 sen
Next 100 kWh = 33.40 sen
Next 901 kWh onwards = 57.10 sen
6% GST for usage above 300 kWh
ICPT ( Imbalance Cost Pass Through ) = -2.25 sen per kWh for usage above 300 kWh
Basic Formula
Monthly Consumption (in kWh) = No. appliance x power (W) x usage (hr/day) x 30 days
Annual Consumption (in kWh) = No. appliance x power (W) x usage (hr/day) x 365 days
Sample Calculation
PC screen (LCD) = 328.50 kWh
First 200 kWh = (200 x 21.80 sen) / 100 = RM 43.60
Next 100 kWh = (100 x 33.40 sen) / 100 = RM 33.40
ICPT (-2.25 sen per kWh) = -RM 6.75
Total = RM 70.25 (1)
Next 300 kWh = (28.50 x 51.60 sen) / 100 = RM 14.71
Total = RM 14.06 (2)
6% GST = +RM 0.84 (3)
Total annual electricity cost for PC usage 594 kWh is :
Current bill ( 0% GST ) = RM 70.25 + RM 14.06
= RM 84.31
Current bill ( 6% GST ) = RM 70.25 + RM 14.06 + RM 0.84
= RM 85.15
b) Display the contribution of each appliance to the electricity consumption in a suitable
graph.
[2 Marks]
Graph 1 Graph of contribution of each appliance to the electricity consumption (in kWh/year)
Graph of contribution of each appliance to the electricity consumption

(in kWh/year)
10 8000.00
9
7000.00
Annual Consumption (kWh/year)

6000.00
7
Number of Appliance
5000.00
6
5 4000.00
4
3000.00
3
2000.00
2
1000.00
1
0 0.00
No. of Appliance
Annual Consumption
(kWh/year)
Electrical Appliance
c) Compare the estimated monthly electricity consumption with the actual electricity bill.
Discuss two (2) reasons for any differences. [4 Marks]
Table 5 Estimated Monthly Electricity Consumption and the Actual Monthly Electricity
Bill
Estimated Monthly Electricity Consumption Actual Monthly Electricity Bill
Inclusive 6%GST
(kWh/month) (RM/month)
1062.02 487.86 Electricity Consumption :
714 kWh
RM 284.00
Two reasons for the differences between estimated monthly electricity consumption and actual
monthly electricity bill is :
1. My parents' house is located on the east coast to the west Peninsular Malaysia in
Kelantan. Kelantan rainy season usually occurs due to wind Northeast Monsoon. The
monsoon weather system formed along with the surge of cold air from Siberia produce
heavy rainfall that could cause flooding in some areas, especially along the East Coast of
Peninsular Malaysia. As a result, our family is reducing the consumption of air
conditioning and ceiling fan as much as 50% of normal consumption because of cold
temperatures of 14.7 C - 24.6 C with an average temperature of 18.4 C compared to
the normal temperature of 28 C - 35 C with an average temperature 31 C. A
reduction in the consumption air conditioning and ceiling greatly affect the amount and
cost of electricity consumption per month (kWh / month) and (RM / month), respectively.
*Savings of -28.25 % and -5.65 % (in kWh/month) and -15.78 % and -2.68 % (in
RM/month) from the consumption of air conditioner and ceiling fan respectively that can
be obtained of each of the bills and the monthly electricity consumption.
*Estimated and calculated based on daily and monthly usage per appliance
*Based on TABLE 4 Monthly and Annual Electricity Consumption and Annual Electricity Cost
and TABLE 5 Estimated Monthly Electricity Consumption and the Actual Electricity Bill
If 50% reduce in monthly electricity consumption from air conditioner and ceiling fan
appliances during rainy season;
a) air conditioner
Monthly consumption (in kWh/month) = (50/100) x 600 kWh
= 300 kWh
Monthly consumption (in RM/month )
= [(200 x 21.80 sen)/100] + [(100 x 33.40 sen)/100] = RM 77.00
ii) ceiling fan
Monthly consumption (in kWh/month) = (50/100) x 120 kWh
= 60 kWh
Monthly consumption (in RM/month )
= [(60 x 21.80 sen)/100] = RM 13.08

Thus, savings every month if 50% reduce in monthly electricity consumption from air
conditioner and ceiling fan appliances during rainy season;
i) Air conditioner
(-300 kWh/month) = (300 kWh/1062.02 kWh) x 100%
= -28.25%
(-RM 77.00/month) = (RM 77.00/RM 487.86) x 100%
= -15.78%
ii) ceiling fan
(-60kWh/month) = (60 kWh/1062.02 kWh) x 100%
= -5.65%
(-RM 13.08/month) = (RM 13.08/ RM 487.86) x 100%
= -2.68%
Estimated TOTAL monthly electricity consumption
*if 50% reduce from air conditioner and appliances during rainy season;
Total monthly consumption (in kWh/month)
1062.02 kWh - 300 kWh - 60 kWh = 702.02 kWh
Total monthly consumption (in RM/month )
First 200 kWh = (200 x 21.80 sen) / 100 = RM 43.60
Next 100 kWh = (100 x 33.40 sen) / 100 = RM 33.40
Total = RM 70.25 (1)
Next 300 kWh = (300 x 51.60 sen) / 100 = RM 154.80
Total = RM 148.05 (2)
6% GST = +RM 8.88 (3)

Next 102.02 kWh = (102.02 x 54.60 sen) / 100 = RM 55.70
Total = RM 53.40 (4)
6% GST = +RM 3.20 (5)
OVERALL TOTAL = RM 70.25 + RM 148.05 + RM 8.88 + RM 53.40 + RM 3.20
= RM 283.78
*Proven, based on actual monthly electricity bill

2. The estimated monthly electricity consumption is calculated based on the usage when our
family of 7 members stayed at home. However, 3 of us included my brother, sister and I
live in our campus hostels and only come home every holiday semester of every three
months. Now, only my parents and two younger sisters who lived in the house. This leads
to the difference between the estimated monthly electricity consumption and actual
monthly electricity bill. In addition,, it is contributing to the reduction of electricity
consumption of electrical appliances such as TV (LED), light (fluorescent), ceiling fan,
PC, printer, PC screen (LCD), music station, shower, fridge, rice cooker, iron, washing
machine and air conditioners. Estimated budget reductions is -42.86% decreases when
3 of us, my brother, sister and I did not come home for that month because stayed at
hostels.
Assumed:
Total all members in my house =7
Total person that stayed at hostels =3
*estimated savings/ budget reductions (in %) (3/7) x 100%
42.86 %
Estimated Monthly Electricity Consumption
= 1062.02 kWh
= RM 487.86
So, if -42.86 % decreases in electricity consumption every month when 3 of us, my
brother, sister and I did not come home for that month because stayed at hostels.
Thus, if 42.86 % reduce in monthly electricity consumption ;
100% - 42.86 % = 57.14%
Basic formula :
= (57.14/100) x Estimated Monthly Electricity Consumption
= (57.14/100) x 1062.02 kWh = 606.87 kWh
= (57.14/100) x RM 487.46 = RM 230.99
*Estimated and calculated based on daily and monthly usage per appliance
Estimated TOTAL monthly electricity consumption
*if 42.86% reduce from all electrical appliances in electricity consumption for every
month when 3 of us, my brother, sister and I did not come home for that month because
stayed at hostels.
Total monthly consumption (in kWh/month)
(57.14/100) x 1062.02 kWh = 606.87 kWh
Total monthly consumption (in RM/month )
First 200 kWh = (200 x 21.80 sen) / 100 = RM 43.60
Next 100 kWh = (100 x 33.40 sen) / 100 = RM 33.40
Total = RM 70.25 (1)
Next 300 kWh = (300 x 51.60 sen) / 100 = RM 154.80
Total = RM 148.05 (2)
6% GST = +RM 8.88 (3)

Next 6.87 kWh = (6.87 x 54.60 sen) / 100 = RM 3.75
Total = RM 3.60 (4)
6% GST = +RM 0.22 (5)
OVERALL TOTAL = RM 70.25 + RM 148.05 + RM 8.88 + RM 3.60 + RM 0.22
= RM 231.00
*Proven, based on actual monthly electricity bill

d) Identify 4 (four) electrical appliances that could be replaced with more energy efficient
appliances (e.g. refer to www.st.gov.my for list of energy efficient appliances). State
manufacturer, model and power of selected energy efficient appliance. [4 Marks]
Table 6 List of More Energy Efficient Electrical Appliances
Electrical Manufacturer Model Power *No. *Usage *Annual *Annual

Appliance (W) Appliance per Consumption Electricity
Appliance (kWh/year) Cost
(hr/day) inclusive
6%GST
(RM/year)
Fridge SAMSUNG RF261BIAES 45.00 1 24 394.20 119.53
(capacity: R
25.50 cu ft)
Television PANASONI TH-32LRU60 25.40 1 17 157.61 34.36

(size: 31.51 C
in.)
Washing LG WT5480C 288.27 1 1 105.22 22.94

machine
(capacity:
5.00 cu ft)
Air SHARP AHA9SED 880.00 1 20 642.40 250.71
conditioner
(1hp,conven
tional)
*Number of Appliance, Power (W) and Usage Per Appliance (Hr/Day) based on audit for
my parents house.
e) Estimate how much electricity (kWh/a) and money [RM/a] could be saved per year if the
energy efficient appliances were used instead. [4 Marks]
Table 7 Amount of electricity (kWh/a) and money [RM/a] could be saved per year if the energy
efficient appliances were used instead.
Electrical Number of Power Usage Monthly Annual Annual Electricity Cost

Appliance Appliance (W) per Consumption Consumption (RM/year)
Appliance (kWh/month) (kWh/year)
(hr/day)
Current bill Inclusive
0% GST 6% GST
TV (LED, 1 25.40 17 12.95 157.61 34.36 34.36
size: 31.51
in.)
Light 9 13.00 12 42.12 512.46 175.10 181.39
(fluorescent
)
Ceiling fan 4 50.00 20 120.00 1 460.00 682.51 719.25
PC 1 35.00 6 6.30 76.65 16.71 16.71
Printer 1 120.00 1 3.60 43.80 9.55 9.55
PC screen 1 150.00 6 27.00 328.50 84.32 85.16
(LCD)
Music 1 20.00 2 1.20 14.60 3.18 3.18
station
Shower 1 1050.00 2 63.00 766.50 305.46 319.58
Fridge 1 45.00 24 32.40 394.20 116.74 119.53
(convention
al,
capacity :
25.5 cu ft )
Rice cooker 1 625.00 0.5 9.38 114.06 31.41 31.41
Iron 1 1000.00 0.5 15.00 182.50 39.78 39.78
Washing 1 288.27 1 8.65 105.22 22.94 22.94
machine
Air 1 880.00 20 528.00 6424.00 3405.26 3605.36
conditioner
(1hp,
convention
al)
TOTAL 24 4301.67 112.0 869.60 10 580.10 5684.89 6021.76
FORMULA :
Amount of electricity consumption (kWh/a) and money [RM/a] WITHOUT using energy
efficient appliances amount of electricity consumption (kWh/a) and money [RM/a] when
energy efficient appliances were used.
12 921.18 kWh/a - 10 580.10 kWh/a = 2341.08 kWh/a
RM 6497.42 - RM 6021.76 = RM 475.66
Thus,
Electricity (kWh/a) could be saved per year if the energy efficient appliances were used instead
is 2341.08 kWh/a
Money [RM/a] could be saved per year if the energy efficient appliances were used instead is
RM 475.66
f) Bonus task (voluntary): Register with Negawattrevolution
(http://negawattrevolution.org/) and report your energy saving target (provide
screenshot). [2 Marks]
REFERENCES
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Springer Science & Business Media. (p. 219).
2. Huesemann, Michael H., Joyce A. H. (2011). Technofix: Why Technology Wont Save
Us or the Environment, Chapter 5, In Search of Solutions II: Efficiency Improvements.
Gabriola Island, Canada : New Society Publishers.
3. Diesendorf, Mark (2007). Greenhouse Solutions with Sustainable Energy. UNSW Press.
(p. 86).
4. Chandran V.G.R., Sharma S., Madhavan K. (2010). Electricity consumptiongrowth
nexus: The case of Malaysia. Energy Policy, 38, 606612.
5. Ahmad S., Kadir M., Shafie S. (2011). Current Perspective of The Renewable Energy
Development in Malaysia. Renewable and Sustainable Energy, 15, 897-904.
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function in Malaysia: Time series approach. International Journal of Electrical,
Electronic Science and Engineering, 8(3), 3945.
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Malaysia. Alam Cipta, International Journal on Sustainable Tropical Design Research
and Practice1(1), 33-40.
8. Ministry of Energy; Green Technology and Water. (2011a). Handbook on the Malaysian
Feed-inTariff for the promotion of renewable energy. Putrajaya.
9. S. C. Chua, T. H. Oh., W.W. Goh. (2011). Feed-in-Tariff Outlook in Malaysia.
Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 15(1), 705-712.

10. Saidur, R., Masjuki, H. H., Jamaluddin, M. Y. (2007). An application of energy and
exergy analysis in residential sector of Malaysia. Energy Policy, 35(2), 10501063.
11. Bernama. (2010, July 15). Malaysia To Introduce Feed-In Tariff For Renewable Energy
In 2011, Says Peter Chin. Retrieved from http://www.bernama.com/

ATTACHMENT
Conversion unit
0.023 m = 2.300 x 10-2 m
1000
0.023 m x = 23 mm
1
Figure 1 : Allocated installed capacity solar PV
Figure 2 : Allocated installed capacity biogas

Figure 3: Allocated installed capacity biomass
Figure 4 : Allocated installed capacity geothermal
Figure 5 : Allocated installed capacity small hydro

Figure 6 : Cumulated installed capacity
Figure 7 : RE generation

CPB40003 Introduction To Renewable Energy Assignment: Energy Full Report

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CPB 40003-Introduction To Renewable Energy Page |1

CPB 40003 - INTRODUCTION TO RENEWABLE ENERGY

ASSIGNMENT 1 : ENERGY ( PERSONAL ASSIGNMENT )

STUDENTS NAME : SITI HAJAR MOHAMED

COURSE : BCP ( SEMESTER 3 SEPT 2015 )

GROUP : L01 - T02

LECTURERS NAME : DR. ROBERT THOMAS BACHMANN

DATE SUBMITTED : 21st SEPTEMBER 2015

Graph 1 Graph of contribution of each appliance to the electricity

1. Deepen the knowledge conveyed during class.

3. Practice and improve independent working skills.

parity. [10 marks]

a) State purpose of act 725

Parliament in 2011 is anticipated to accelerate the development of renewable energy in

structure to encourage the growth of renewable energy.( Datuk Peter Chin,2011).

b) Explain feed-in tariff system

in carrying out the functions and duties under this Act.

i) Distribution licensees: companies that hold a license to distribute electricity

(example : Tenaga Nasional Berhad)

ii) Feed-in Approval Holders: An individual or company that holds a certificate of

approval issued by SEDA encouragement Malaysia and qualified to sell

renewable energy at a rate FiT.

to Distribution Licensees. renewable resources are different and have installed

conditions are met

from other countries.

licensed distribution of this period is based on the characteristics of renewable

solar photovoltaic technology and 16 years for biomass and biogas

c) Meaning and consequences grid parity

development without subsidies or government support. It is widely believed that a wholesale

price/megawatt or kilowatt hour. (Renewable Energy Advisors,2011)

Table 1 Online Data Provided by Malaysias Sustainable Energy Development Authority

RE sources Allocated installed Cumulated Theoretical Actual RE Utilisation factor

Solar PV 10.39 70.54 208.12 149 846.40 6170.63 4.12

Biogas 0.00 0.00 6.48 4665.60 406.26 8.71

Biomass 76.00 22.00 67.90 48 888.00 7911.14 16.18

Small 42.54 0.00 18.30 13 176.00 1438.13 10.91

Geothermal 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

provided. The percentage of resource utilization factor of solar PV is small in Malaysia as a

geothermal energy because Malaysia is not a suitable country to have it.

Complete Table 2. [16 marks]

Table 2 Unit conversion

Number 10^ Number

0.023 m 2.3000 x 10-2 m 23 mm

590 kW 5.9000 x 105 W 0.59 MW

14.3 mA 1.4300 x 107 nA 0.0143 A

32.7 N cm-2 3.2700 x 105 Pa 0.327 MPa

90 718.60 g 1 10-1 t 90 718 600 mg

0.9997 t (metric) 1.102 x 100 t (short) 0.9839 t (long)

51.3 cm 5.1300 x 10-4 km 513 mm

0.2900 cm2 2.9 10-5 m2 0.0029 dm2

159 g cm2 1.5900 x 10-5 kg m2 15.9 kg mm2

1 ha 1.0000 x 104 m2 0.01 km2

7430 mm3 7.4300 x 10-6 m3 0.00743 dm3

35.6 kg cm-1 3.5600 x 106 gm-1 3.9242 t m-1

19.2 cm3 1.92 10-2 dm3 19 200 mm3

47.2 W cm-2 4.7200 x 102 kW m-2 4.72 kW dm-2

63.4 kJ m-3 6.3400 x 10-2 J cm-3 0.0000634 J mm-3

Number 10^ Number

3412.14163 BTU 1 100 kWh 3 600 000 J

90 mol L-1 9.0000 x 100 kmol hL-1 0.00009 kmol ml-1

90 mol L-1 9.0000 x 10-5 kmol cm-3 90 kmol m-3

0.18 EJ 1.8000 x 1017 J 180 000 000 GJ

Table 1.4 (a) TPES value from IEA statistics