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com CO + HO
Diol H C

Co
Cata H
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Polymer lyst: C

ld,
H
Zieg ALDEHYDE CARBOXYLIC ACID

dil
High ler -
Natt

u
R
pres a

te
su H
re 4/

KM
nO
.M R C

nO
n KETONE
co
ot,

4/
H R ol AMINE

H
H2 ; Ni catalyst ; 140 Con ; e than
ALKANE . HX ss) ube
ALKENE (aq)
; roo ( exce e a l ed t
NaO m te NH s
Hot alumina / silica catalyst 500 H, e mp. in

6 MPa
HO (g) ; con. HPO ; 330 ;
than
ol,

Alcohol vapour; Hot AlO

HALOGENOALKANE

OR con. HSO ; 350

(all require )
Chloroalkane x
flu (all require ethanol
re except alcohol)

PC
Alcohol , ist
ill

l
)
aq d

//

KCN
+ ( ,
ux

PC
H
Sodium Salt aO fl

l
N re

//

, eth
of Acid

S
,

LiAlH primary amine

O
HX

anol
l
flu x, con. HSO
N

id , re KCrO / H
aO eflu

ac

,
xylic KETONE
H x

rbo ALCOHOL
r

(e

Ca
x)

LiAlH in dry ether

reflu
.

arm

HC
ride, w LiA
ESTER Ac id anhyd

x
N
lH
,

K i
st

alc Cr

;N
ly

n
ta

dr

aC
ex. KCrO / H, reflux

oh O
ca

ye
ol, / H

N
a

th
id

ux

di ; er
ac

ca
fl

sti ex
+ Alcohol, room temp.
re
te

tal
ll
LiAlH in dry ether
.

ilu

ys
ALDEHYDE
D

HC

t
N

; ro
;N
CARBOXYLIC Sodium roo aCN

om
ACID alkoxide + H m c
tem ataly

tem
e.g. CHONa p. st ;

p.
ALCOHOL reflux
Dilute HCl ,
NITRILE
NaOH
CARBOXYLIC x
PCl // PCl // SOCl HCl
CnH2n+1COO+ NH reflu
Acyl Chloride ACID