Nature and Elements of

Define communication
Explain the nature and process of communication
Name the different elements of communication
BRAIN STARTER

If you were to divide your daily

communication activities, how
many % would you give to
each of the following?

Talking Listening

Writing Reading
BRAIN STARTER

Weber (2008) noted that 70% of a persons total waking time is

spent communicating.

30% Talking / Speaking

45% Listening

9% Writing

16% Reading
Communication Defined
A process by which information is
exchanged between individuals
through a common system of symbols,
signs, or behavior
The imparting or exchanging of
thoughts, opinions, information or news
by speaking, writing, signs or using
some other medium.
The successful conveying or sharing of
ideas and feelings
2-way process of reaching mutual
understanding, wherein participants
not only exchange information, news,
ideas and feelings; but also create and
share meaning
Nature of Communication
AS A PROCESS
Among people, it is an active
component for people to
communicate in creative
and/or convenient methods
to achieve a goal or
objective
E.g. In an attempt to
converse with a person, set
his/her mood (or profile him/her)
before beginning the
conversation
(THE START)
AS AN INTERACTION
It binds people together.
Peoples interaction with one
another connects their
understanding of things.
E.g. Sharing opinions opens
one to respect another
persons POV
Sorry
A tap on the
shoulder
Nature of Communication

AS A SOCIAL CONTEXT
It is an activity of producing, transmitting and receiving
meaningful symbolic ways in an environment (schools,
church or any social gathering)
Here, people can influence or encourage others to create
their own meaningful idea.
E.g.
Teachers and learners motivate each other and/or other
learners to be creative and original in producing ones
work.
 Functions of
CONTROL
Communication
SOCIAL allowing interaction with others
INTERACTION

Facilitates feelings and emotions

MOTIVATION

behavior

EMOTIONAL
EXPRESSION conveys information

INFORMATION encourages people to live better

DISSEMINATION
7Cs / Key Features of an
Effective Communication
Completeness
Comm. should include
everything that the receiver
needs to hear for him/ her
to respond, react, or
evaluate properly.
Conciseness
Doesnt only mean keeping
the message short, but
making it direct or straight
to the point
Insignificant or redundant
information should be
eliminated
7Cs / Key Features of an
Effective Communication

Consideration Concreteness
Effective speaker should Supported by facts,
always consider relevant
information about his/her
figures, and real-life
receiver such as mood, examples and
background, race, situations that are
preference, education, specific, not just
status, and needs, among general ideas or
others
qualities
rapport
 7Cs / Key Features of an
Effective Communication

Courtesy Clearness Correctness

By respecting the implies the use of IN GRAMMAR
culture, values, simple and specific
words to express
and beliefs of Eliminates
ideas
his/her receivers negative impact
Creates a Also achieved when on the audience
positive impact the speaker focuses and increases the
on the audience only on a single credibility and
objective in his/her effectiveness of
speech so as not to the message
confuse the
audience
 COMMUNICATION
PROCESS

Human beings spend almost 70%, if not 70% of daily time

communicating. Sometimes, they last a day taking it for granted
which result to miscommunication.
It is described as a process because the sender-decoder needs
other elements to be able to complete the method.
It does not take place in a vacuum.
Each person is influenced by the time, place, circumstances, and
other person in the communication event.
Elements of Communication

a.k.a. SPEAKER, ENCODER

One who conveys the message (oral / written), influenced by past
SENDER conditioning or experience, knowledge on subject matter, and the like

a.k.a. LISTENER, DECODER

The one who listens and decodes the conveyed message
RECEIVER Filters received message through his / her frame of reference

Whatever information a sender communicates to the receiver

Ideas and feelings that make up the content of the communication
MESSAGE process
Elements of Communication

a.k.a. MEDIUM, MEAN through which the message is

transmitted
Responsible for the delivery of the chosen message form
post office, internet, radio, TV, print, announcements,
CHANNEL advertisements

a.k.a. INTERFERENCE that keeps a message from being

understood or accurately interpreted
Can be internal or external
NOISE
Elements of Communication

The time and place in which

communication occurs
SITUATION Setting to which communicators adapt to

Receivers message or response that

he/she sends to the source
FEEDBACK Can be verbal or nonverbal
Self-check!

Do you try to control conversations? Sometimes? Often? Never?

Do you tend to hold back in conversations, or take a

passive role because you lack confidence or dont know
how to fully participate?
Do you dump your feelings, opinions and upsets to other
people?
Do you withhold your feelings from people?
Do you habitually cover up your feelings in front of others,
whether by being serious, withdrawn or shut down, hyper
and chatty, or by making jokes?
How often do you share your truth, and feel open to others
truths?
Communication Breakdown

A lack of communication
A failure to exchange information
Occurs when communication is
incomprehensible to one party or entirely
absent between two people
Identify the areas that hinder
communication!
Stubbornness
When you are not willing to admit your fault
Comparison
Bringing up the past
Attacking someone
Exaggeration
Lying
Harsh words usage
Explosive anger
Responding defensively
Breaching confidentiality
Failing to listen
Barriers to Communication
Emotional Perceptual
Barriers &Language
Differences
Use of Lack of
jargon confidence

Complexity in
Organizational Structure
Barriers to Communication
Information Inattention
overload

Time Distraction
Pressure / Noise

Poor Retention
Emotional Barriers

EXAMPLE 1 SOLUTION / STRATEGY TO USE

Recognize these kinds of
You are having a bad day
emotions, and politely ask the
or you feel frustrated.
other person to give you a
moment so you can relax or
calm yourself.

EXAMPLE 2 SOLUTION / STRATEGY TO USE

Recognize this kind of attitude,
You sit in a meeting or class
reset, and reflect on how you
where you think the speaker
can be interested in what the
is boring.
speaker is pointing out.
Perceptual
& Language Differences

Perception is generally how each individual interprets the world

around him.

All generally want to receive messages which are significant to

them.

But any message which is against their values is not accepted.

A same event may be taken differently by different individuals.

Perceptual Difference

But any message which is against their values is not accepted.

A same event may be taken differently by different individuals.

EXAMPLE 1 SOLUTION /
A person is on leave for a month due to STRATEGY TO USE
personal reasons (family member

?
being critical).

The HR Manager might be in confusion

whether to retain that employee or not, the
immediate manager might think of
replacement because his teams
productivity is being hampered, the family
members might take him as an emotional
support.
 SOLUTION /

Language / Linguistic STRATEGY TO USE

Difference
?
Same word may mean different to different individuals.

For example: consider a word value.

Value means
EXAMPLE 1 different in
different
What is the value of this Laptop? sentences.

Communication
I value our relation.
breakdown
occurs if there is
What is the value of learning
wrong
technical skills?
perception by
the receiver.
Use of jargon
EXAMPLE
You are a scientist discussing
a certain weather
phenomenon with your
neighbor who does not
know much about the topic.
SOLUTION / STRATEGIES TO USE
Jargon refers to the set of
specialized vocabulary in a
certain field.
To avoid communication
breakdown due to lack of
clarity,
1. Adjust your language.
1. Use laymans terms or simple
words.
Lack of confidence

SOLUTION / STRATEGIES TO USE

Develop self-confidence by
EXAMPLE joining organizations where you
You are asked to share can share and develop your
something about your day interests.
or weekend, but you are
hesitant because you are Look for opportunities in your
shy. school or community that will
help you find your strengths
and improve your abilities.
Complexity in
organizational structure
(relative to work)

EXAMPLE
Greater the hierarchy in an
SOLUTION /
organization (i.e. more the
STRATEGIES TO USE
number of managerial
levels), more is the chances

?
of communication is getting
destroyed.

Only the people at the top

level can see the overall
picture while the people at
low level just have
knowledge about their own
area and a little knowledge
about other areas.
Information Overload

EXAMPLES SOLUTION /
STRATEGIES TO USE
Teachers are surrounded
with a lot of paper works

?
and other task in their to-do
list.

Students bombarded with

an array of assignments,
tasks, projects and quizzes
on a daily basis.
Inattention

INATTENTION (n) failure to carefully think about, listen to, or

watch someone or something : LACK OF ATTENTION ;
failure to pay attention

First use: circa 1670

INATTENTIVENESS (n) state of not being attentive; not paying

attention

First use: 1692

Inattention

EXAMPLES
A traveller may pay attention to
one NO PARKING sign, but if
such sign is put all over the city, SOLUTION /
he no longer pays attention to STRATEGIES TO USE
it.

If a superior is engrossed in his

paper work and his subordinate
explains to him some problems,
the superior may not get what
he is saying and it leads to
?
disappointment of subordinate.
Time Pressure

EXAMPLE
In a haste to meet SOLUTION /
deadlines as a SHS student STRATEGIES TO USE
or as an employee,

?
the formal channels of
communication are
shortened, or messages are
partially given.

i.e., not completely

transferred.
Distraction / Noise

EXAMPLE SOLUTION /
You are having a STRATEGIES TO USE
conversation with some Recognize that noise is a
friends when a song was common barrier.
played loudly.
Make some adjustments by
asking someone to minimize
the volume or by looking for a
quiet area where you can
resume the conversation.
Poor Retention

EXAMPLES
Human memory cannot
function beyond its limit.
One cant always retain
what is being told,
especially if he is not
interested, not attentive or
drained.
SOLUTION /
STRATEGIES TO USE
Presence of mind
Focus
Try your best to recall the
essential.
Rehearse if needed.

Relax
THE END.