Name: Sherwin C.

Lagrama Date: 10/4/13

Professor: Atty. Racelis Subject: Legal Research

TITLE

Divorce

THESIS STATEMENT

Divorce in the Philippines is planning to take over Filipino values and culture. Today our 1987

Philippines Constitution protects the Filipino family on the belief that Family is the foundation of the

nation wherein marriage used as instrument to bind the family to be more indissoluble. On the other

hand, our constitution adopts marital separation that may pertain to legal separation and annulment rather

than divorce, the reason is that marriage presumes sacred and holiness that warrant them to preserve the

union of the family.

This research will introduce the substance of divorce and the implication to Filipino families in light of our

constitutions. In support thereof, the researcher will illustrate some provisions of The Family Code of The

Philippines that would preclude the study more pertinent and sensible to the reader.

Objective of the Study

The main objective of the study is to ascertain the true intent and the effect of divorce in the

Philippines.

It specifically aims the following below:

1. To determine the legal effects of divorce to the Filipino families.

2. To elaborate the natural and logical consequences of divorce to Filipino family and how

divorce influence to Filipino customs and public policy?

1
 THESIS OUTLINE

Divorce (or the dissolution of marriage)1 is the termination of a marital union, the canceling of the legal

duties and responsibilities of marriage and the dissolving of the bonds of matrimony between married

couples. Divorce is unlike annulment which declares the marriage `null and void. Divorce laws vary

considerably around the world, but in most countries it requires the sanction of a court or other authority

in a legal process. The legal process of divorce may also involve issues of alimony (spousal

support), child custody, child support, distribution of property, and division of debt. In most

countries monogamy is required by law, so divorce allows each former partner to marry another;

where polygyny is legal but polyandry is not, divorce allows the woman to marry a new husband.

Today divorce is not a novel legal right granted by Philippine civil laws: the Family Code of the Philippines

sanctions relative divorce (a mensa et thoro). Under the provision of Title II of said Code, legal

separation, or separation from bed and board, is a recognized remedy for victims of failed marriages. To

be sure, our civil laws have always recognized the need to allow married individuals to sever conjugal ties

under certain justifiable conditions. However, absolute divorce was recognized in our country for those

non-christians groups and widely practiced among our ancestral tribes, the Tagbanwas of Palawan, the

Gadang of Nueva Vizcaya, the Sagada and Igorot of the Cordilleras, the Manobo, Bila-an and Moslems of

Visayas and Mindanao islands, to name a few. During Spanish occupation the Spanish Civil Code

introduced legal separation or the so called Siete Partidas but suspended and never enforced2.

After the passage of time, Siete Partidas was amended by 1917 Act 2710 allowing absolute divorce on

the grounds of adultery on the part of the wife and concubinage on the part of the husband. When

Japanese occupied the Philippines, they introduced new paramount on divorce law which is E.O No. 141

that could availed provided the ten grounds of divorce. The law was lasted up to the American regime but

repealed on 1950 by the Civil Code of the Philippines which allow only legal separation. The present

family code of the Philippines prohibits absolute divorce except a divorce obtained by the alien spouse of

1
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Divorce
2
House Bill no. 6993

2
a Filipino citizen abroad. Under our present laws, legal separation does not dissolve the marriage bond

between legally separated spouses; said parties are considered married individuals for all legal intents

and purposes. Our civil laws on marriage justify and allow the separation of married individuals but does

not confer them the legal right or remedy to extricate themselves from the ordeal of a broken marriage.

This is because we preserve the sanctity of marriage and maintain the family union.

Chapter I

Existing Literature

Legal Separation in the Philippines

Legal separation is a decree from the court permitting the husband and the wife to live separately from

each other. However, though both spouses were separated from board and bed but still the marriage is

not dissolved. In the other words, they are not allowed to remarry notwithstanding the fact that death is

the reason3.

Moreover, the researcher imports the pertinent provisions of legal separation on Title II: The Family Code

of the Philippines to realize the legal requisites and effects of adopting the latter.

These are several grounds on which a petition for legal separation may be filed on. This includes 4:

1. Repeated physical violence or grossly abusive conduct directed against the petitioner, a common

child, or a child of the petitioner;

2. Physical violence or moral pressure to compel the petitioner to change religious or political

affiliation;

3. Attempt of respondent to corrupt or induce the petitioner, a common child, or a child of the

petitioner to engage in prostitution, or connivance in such corruption or inducement;

4. Final judgment sentencing the respondent to imprisonment of more than six years, even if

pardoned;

3
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Divorce, http://domingo-law.com/legal-separation-in-the-philippines/
4
Title II: Family Code of the Philippines

3
 5. Drug addiction or habitual alcoholism of the respondent;

6. Lesbianism or homosexuality of the respondents;

7. Contracting by the respondent of a subsequent bigamous marriage, whether in the Philippines or

abroad;

8. Sexual infidelity or perversion;

9. Attempt by the respondent against the life of the petitioner; or

10. Abandonment of petitioner by respondent without justifiable cause for more than one year.

A petition for legal separation is not heard immediately after it is filed. A mandatory six-month cooling-off

period is set by the court to give the parties enough time to contemplate on a possible reconciliation.

Not all petitions for legal separation are granted by the courts. The reasons for the denial vary from

failure to prove the attendance of any of the above-mentioned grounds, as well as any of the following 5:

1. Where the aggrieved party has condoned the offense or act complained of;

2. Where the aggrieved party has consented to the commission of the offense or act complained of;

3. Where there is connivance between the parties in the commission of the offense or act

constituting the ground for legal separation;

4. Where both parties have given ground for legal separation;

5. Where there is collusion between the parties to obtain the decree of legal separation; or

6. Where the action is barred by prescription;

7. Death of one of the parties; and

8. Reconciliation of the parties.

On the other hand, a petition for legal separation which is granted by the courts shall have the following

effects6:

5
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Divorce, http://domingo-law.com/legal-separation-in-the-philippines/
6
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Divorce, http://domingo-law.com/legal-separation-in-the-philippines/

4
 1. The spouses shall be entitled to live separately from each other even if the marriage bond is not

severed;

2. The absolute community or conjugal partnership shall be dissolved and liquidated;

3. The custody of the minor children shall be awarded to the innocent spouse, subject to exceptions

like the tender-age rule or the choice of a child above seven years;

4. The offending spouse shall be disqualified from inheriting from the innocent spouse by intestate

succession, and the provisions in favor of the offending spouse made in a will of the innocent

spouse shall be revoked by operation of law;

5. The offending spouse shall have no right to any share in the net profits of the absolute community

or the conjugal partnership;

6. The innocent spouse may revoke the donations made by him in favor of the offending spouse, as

well as the designation of the latter as beneficiary in any insurance policy, even if the designation

be irrevocable.

As an additional effect, the wife cannot petition to be allowed to use her maiden surname even after legal

separation is granted.

Annulment in the Philippines

Annulment is a legal procedure for declaring a marriage null and void. Unlike divorce, it is

usually retroactive, meaning that an annulled marriage is considered to be invalid from the beginning

almost as if it had never taken place (though some jurisdictions provide that the marriage is only void from

the date of the annulment). In legal terminology, an annulment makes a voidable marriage null. If a

marriage is void ab initio, then it is automatically null, although a declaration of nullity is required to

establish this. The process of obtaining a declaration of nullity is similar to an annulment process. Despite

its retroactive nature, children born before an annulment are considered legitimate in the Philippines7.

7
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Annulment

5
There is no divorce in the Philippines. However, a marriage may be annulled in the Philippines for any of

the following causes, existing at the time of the marriage 8:

(1) That the party in whose behalf it is sought to have the marriage annulled was eighteen years of age or

over but below twenty-one, and the marriage was solemnized without the consent of the parents,

guardian or person having substitute parental authority over the party, in that order, unless after attaining

the age of twenty-one, such party freely cohabited with the other and both lived together as husband and

wife.

(2) That either party was of unsound mind, unless such party after coming to reason, freely cohabited with

the other as husband and wife.

(3) That the consent of either party was obtained by fraud, unless such party afterwards, with full

knowledge of the facts constituting the fraud, freely cohabited with the other as husband and wife.

(4) That the consent of either party was obtained by force, intimidation or undue influence, unless the

same having disappeared or ceased, such party thereafter freely cohabited with the other as husband

and wife.

(5) That either party was physically incapable of consummating the marriage with the other, and such

incapacity continues and appears to be incurable.

(6) That either party was afflicted with a sexually-transmissible disease found to be serious and appears

to be incurable.

With regard to Item 3 above, any of the following circumstances shall constitute fraud:

a. Non-disclosure of a previous conviction by final judgment of the other party of a crime involving moral

turpitude.

b. Concealment by the wife of the fact that at the time of the marriage, she was pregnant by a man other

than her husband.

c. Concealment of sexually transmissible disease, regardless of its nature, existing at the time of the

marriage.

8
http://ndvlaw.com/annulment-of-marriage-in-the-philippines/

6
d. Concealment of drug addiction, habitual alcoholism or homosexuality or lesbianism existing at the time

of the marriage.

Effects of Annulment of Marriage9

The annulment of marriage in the Philippine shall produce the following effects:

1. The children conceived or born before the annulment decree shall be considered legitimate;

2. The absolute community of property or the conjugal partnership, as the case may be, shall be

dissolved and liquidated, but if either spouse contracted said marriage in bad faith, his or her

share of the net profits of the community property or conjugal partnership property shall be

forfeited in favor of the common children or, if there are none, the children of the guilty spouse by

a previous marriage or in default of children, the innocent spouse;

3. Donations by reason of marriage shall remain valid, except that if the donee contracted the

marriage in bad faith, such donations made to said donee are revoked by operation of law;

4. The innocent spouse may revoke the designation of the other spouse who acted in bad faith as

beneficiary in any insurance policy, even if such designation be stipulated as irrevocable;

5. The spouse who contracted the subsequent marriage in bad faith shall be disqualified to inherit

from the innocent spouse by testate and intestate succession.

6. If both spouses of the subsequent marriage acted in bad faith, said marriage shall be void ab

initio and all donations by reason of marriage and testamentary dispositions made by one in favor

of the other are revoked by operation of law.

7. The final judgment in such cases shall provide for the liquidation, partition and distribution of the

properties of the spouses, the custody and support of the common children, and the delivery of

third presumptive legitimes, unless such matters had been adjudicated in previous judicial

proceedings.

8. All creditors of the spouses as well as of the absolute community or the conjugal partnership shall

be notified of the proceedings for liquidation.

9. In the partition, the conjugal dwelling and the lot on which it is situated shall be adjudicated to the

spouse with whom the majority of the common children choose to remain.

9
Title II: Family Code of the Philippines

7
 10. In said partition, the value of the presumptive legitimes of all common children, computed as of

the date of the final judgment of the trial court, shall be delivered in cash, property or sound

securities, unless the parties, by mutual agreement judicially approved, had already provided for

such matters.

11. The children or their guardian or the trustee of their property may ask for the enforcement of the

judgment.

12. The delivery of the presumptive legitimes herein prescribed shall in no way prejudice the ultimate

successional rights of the children accruing upon the death of either of both of the parents; but

the value of the properties already received under the decree of annulment or absolute nullity

shall be considered as advances on their legitime.

It must be emphasized that the judgment of annulment of the marriage, the partition and distribution of the

properties of the spouses and the delivery of the childrens presumptive legitimes shall be recorded in the

appropriate civil registry and registries of property; otherwise, the same shall not affect third persons.

Divorce

The researcher used the pending bill HP 6993 which states as follows:

AN ACT

LEGALIZING DIVORCE, AMENDING FOR THE PURPOSE TITLE II AND

ARTICLES 55 TO 67 THEREUNDER OF EXECUTIVE ORDER NO. 209,

AS AMENDED BY EXECUTIVE ORDER NO. 227, OTHERWISE KNOWN

AS THE FAMILY CODE OF THE PHILIPPINES10

This is because the proposed bill is not yet enacted and no other legal documents that might use as

instrument as existing law on divorce. The researcher did not apply those existing provisions which would

produce superfluity or surplusage in the proposed bill. The following below are the proposed

amendments:

10
House Bill no. 6993

8
All legal separation words will be replaced by divorce words by means of phrases ology, to avoid

ambiguity.

"TITLE II: [LEGAL SEPARATION] DIVORCE."11

SECTION1. Title II of Executive Order No. 209, as amended by Executive Order No. 227, otherwise

known as the Family Code of the Philippines, is hereby amended to read as follows

"Art. 55. A petition for [legal separation] DIVORCE may be filed on any of the following grounds:

Items 1-10 still retained the same but with additional provision below:

IN ADDITION, A PETITION FOR DIVORCE MAY BE FILED UPON A SHOWING THAT THERE

IS AN IRREMEDIABLE BREAKDOWN OF THE MARRIAGE RELATIONSHIP DUE TO

IRRECONCILABLE MARITAL DIFFERENCES. SAID PETITION MUST SPECIFICALLY ALLEGE THE

GROUNDS WHICH DESTROY THE LEGITIMATE ENDS OF THE MARRIAGE RELATIONSHIP AND

PREVENT ANY REASONABLE EXPECTATIONS OF RECONCILIATION."

"Art. 56. The petition for [legal separation] DIVORCE shall be denied on any of the following

grounds:

Items 1-6 still retained the same but with additional provision below:

(7) WHERE THE IRRECONCILABLE MARITAL DIFFERENCES ARE NOT SUFFICIENT TO

JUSTIFY DIVORCE; OR

(8) WHERE THE PETITIONER HAS NOT RESIDED WITHIN THE PHILIPPINES FOR AT LEAST

ONE YEAR PRIOR TO THE FILING OF THE PETITION, UNLESS THE CAUSE UPON WHICH

THE PETITION IS BASED OCCURRED WITHIN THE TERRITORY OF THE PHILIPPINES."

11
House Bill no. 6993, Title II: Family Code of the Philippines

9
"Art. 57. An action for [legal separation] DIVORCE shall be filed within ONE YEAR FROM THE TIME THE

PETITIONER BECOMES COGNIZANT OF THE CAUSE AND WITHIN five years from the time of the

occurrence of the cause12.

IN THE CASE OF GROUNDS OR CAUSES FOR DIVORCE WHICH OCCURRED PRIOR TO

THE EFFECTIVITY OF THIS ACT, THE ACTION MAY BE FILED WITHIN ONE YEAR FROM THE DATE

OF ITS EFFECTIVITY: PROVIDED THAT SAID GROUNDS OR CAUSES OCCURRED WITHIN FIVE

YEARS FROM THE FILING OF THE ACTION.

PETITIONS FOR LEGAL SEPARATION FILED BEFORE THE EFFECTIVITY OF THIS ACT MAY

BE AMENDED TO ACTIONS FOR DIVORCE: PROVIDED THAT SAID AMENDMENTS ARE MADE

WITHIN ONE YEAR FROM THE DATE OF ITS EFFECTIVITY."

"Art. 63. The decree of [legal separation] DIVORCE shall have the following effects:

(1) THE MARRIAGE BONDS SHALL BE DISSOLVED ONE YEAR AFTER THE DATE ON WHICH

THE DECREE BECOMES FINAL. The DIVORCED spouses shall be entitled to live separately

from each other AND TO REMARRY THEREAFTER [, but the marriage bonds shall not be

severed];

(2) The absolute community or the conjugal partnership shall be dissolved and liquidated [but the

offending spouse]. IF THE DECREE OF DIVORCE IS GRANTED PURSUANT TO THE THIRD

PARAGRAPH OF ARTICLE 55, THE NET PROFITS OF THE ABSOLUTE COMMUNITY OR

CONJUGAL PARTNERSHIP SHALL BE DIVIDED EQUALLY BETWEEN OR IN A MANNER

AGREED UPON BY THE PARTIES. IN THE EVENT THAT THERE IS AN ADJUDGED

OFFENDING SPOUSE, SAID SPOUSE shall have no right to any share of the net profits earned

by the absolute community or the conjugal partnership, which shall be forfeited in accordance with

the provisions of Article 43 (2);

(3) The custody of the minor children shall be awarded to the innocent spouse, OR, IN THE CASE OF

A DECREE OBTAINED PURSUANT TO THE PROVISIONS OF THE THIRD PARAGRAPH OF

12
House Bill no. 6993, Title II: Family Code of the Philippines

10
 ARTICLE 55, TO THE SPOUSE ADJUDGED TO BE MORE CAPABLE IN ENSURING THIER

MORAL, MENTAL AND PHYSICAL WELL-BEING, subject to the provisions of Article 213 of this

Code; [and]13

(4) The [offending spouse] DIVORCED SPOUSES shall be disqualified from inheriting from [the

innocent spouse] EACH OTHER by intestate succession. Moreover, provisions in favor of the

offending spouse mad in the will of the innocent spouse shall be revoked by operation of law[.];

(5) CHILDREN OF DIVORCED PARENTS SHALL BE ENTITLED TO SUPPORT AS PROVIDED FOR

UNDER THIS CODE. IN ADDITION, THESE CHILDREN SHALL BE DELIVERED THEIR

RESPECTIVE LEGITIME ONE YEAR AFTER THE DECREE OF DIVORCE BECOMES FINAL,

OTHERWISE, THE DECREE SHALL NOT HAVE ANY LEGAL EFFECT WITH RESPECT TO THE

SPOUSE WHO DEFAULTS ON SUCH OBLIGATION.

CHILDREN OF DIVORCED SPOUSES SHALL LIKEWISE RETAIN ALL RIGHTS OF

SUCCESSION WITH RESPECT TO THEIR PARENTS BUT SHALL BRING TO COLLATION THE

LEGITIME PREVIOUSLY RECEIVED UNDER THIS PROVISION WITHOUT ANY OBLIGATION

TO RETURN ANY AMOUNT SUBSEQUENTLY DETERMINED TO BE IN EXCESS OF THE

VALUE THEY ARE ENTITLED TO RECEIVE.

"Art. 64. After the finality of the decree of [legal separation] DIVORCE, the innocent spouse OR

BOTH SPOUSES IN CASE OF DECREES PURSUANT TO THE THIRD PARAGRAPH OF ARTICLE 55,

may revoke the donations made by him or her in favor of the [offending] OTHER spouse, as well as the

designation of the latter as beneficiary in any insurance policy, even if such designation be stipulated as

irrevocable. The revocation of the donations shall be recorded in the registries of property in the places

where the properties are located. Alienations, liens and encumbrances registered in good faith before the

recording of the complaint for revocation in the registries of property shall be respected. The revocation of

or change in the designation of the insurance beneficiary shall take effect upon written notification thereof

to the [insured] INSURER.

13
House Bill no. 6993, Title II: Family Code of the Philippines

11
 The action to revoke the donation under this Article must be brought within five years from the

time the decree of [legal separation] DIVORCE has become final."

Chapter II

Methodology

This chapter presents the various approaches and processes undertaken by the researcher in

conducting the study. In order to obtain a better learning towards the achievement of this study, the

researchers illustrate its methods and procedures by means of paper research, provision of the law, and

Filipino customs. The study also comprehends the distinctions of annulment, legal separation and divorce

inasmuch as the effect and consequences are concerned.

Chapter III

Research Procedures

The researcher conducted extensive study of Divorce to expound and discover the true meaning

and intent of the subject. This is to realize the concepts and the significance of the study as to ascertain

the effects of Divorce in our country.

The first part was preparatory in form; this is the foundation of knowledge from where the reader

understands the concept of the study. The thesis statement and outline introduced discovery, pertinent

information and antecedent to which marital separation was originated. These will in light the readers the

nature of study and to apprehend the substance of the study.

The second parts are the existing literatures which have been imported from Title II: The Family

Code of the Philippines and the pending Divorce bill in the Congress. This is to contemplate the

provisions of the law insofar as the legal issues are concerned. The researcher laid down all permissible

provisions to comprehend the effects of legal separation, annulment and divorce law.

The third part describes the implications and consequences of divorce and summarizes the

distinctions from annulment and legal separation.

12
 Chapter IV

Results and Discussion

This chapter describes the effect of Divorce in the Philippines and permits the reader to

understand the topic more reasonable, sensible and practicable.

In the Philippines, our main custom is to preserve the sanctity of family thus divorce up to now is

disputable. While the Philippine Congress had been trying to pass divorce bills for the past 10 years, it

remains impossible to dissolve a marriage via this avenue 14. One of the palpable evidence is the custom

of Filipino which was influenced by Catholic principles. This is the primary reason that divorce is one of

the most controversial and sensitive topics discussed in the Philippines. Currently, there are no laws

allowing divorce in the Philippines because legislation of any law regarding divorce has greatly been

disapproved by the Filipino community. However, the Philippines law prohibits divorce; the Family Code

of the Philippines authorizes Annulment and Legal Separation for unworkable marriages 15.

Divorce is a court order saying that a man and woman is NO LONGER husband and a wife.

Annulment is a judicial statement that THERE NEVER WAS A MARRIAGE between the man and the

woman. It is the cancellation of marriage as if it never happened. This cancellation is done by the court

invalidating the marriage from the date of its formation (retroactive application). Legal Separation is a

decree that gives the husband and wife the right to live separately from each other. Through this decree,

the conjugal partnership of properties or the absolute community of properties is dissolved. However, the

man and woman are still considered married. They may not remarry. Notwithstanding, the fact that

marriage was contracted between Filipino and foreigner because many countries do have divorce laws,

Article 26 of the Family Code of the Philippines states that when a marriage between a Filipino citizen and

a foreigner is validly obtained abroad by the alien spouse allowing him or her to remarry, the Filipino

spouse shall have capacity to remarry under Philippine Law as well.

14
http://deborjalaw.com/
15
By Christian Filipina

13
We have to accept the fact that not all marriages succeed as a permanent union. An increasing number

of married individuals find themselves subjected by their marriage partners to physical violence, grossly

abusive conduct and other acts of or offenses that -- rather than promote blissful, harmonious conjugal

and family life -- impair, debase or destroy the legitimate ends of the marriage relationship. Nevertheless,

people might overlook the consequences of divorce, see the following below 16.

1. 50% of marriage end in divorce

2. 4% of children are living only with their father.

3. Children from female-headed homes are five times as likely to be poor as children in two-parent

families.

4. Suicide rates for children of divorce are measurably higher than for children from intact families.

5. Children of divorce were found to be twice as likely as children from intact families to drop out of

school.

6. The suicide rate for divorced white men was four times higher than for their married counterparts.

The aforementioned signifies the drastic effect of divorce which is insuperable than taken thereof.

Chapter V

Recommendations and Conclusions

Divorce law may change the culture of Filipino families and certainly a chance to remarry who

seeking for new happiness and non-violent life. However, the controversy arises when family and children

whom we protect will subject for divisibility. The spouses might be happy but the consequences that

would produce is severed which is inadmissible having the fact that amending the Family Code will defeat

the spirit of our constitutions. It is undeniable that many Filipino marriages Taking divorce is not the

answer of failed marriage

16
http://deborjalaw.com/

14
 While there are procedures to dissolve a marriage, it is culturally expected that the husband and

wife should exhaust all other efforts and alternatives before resorting to divorce or annulment. Among the

alternatives are: counseling, mediation, communication, both in a church or civil setting. As much as

possible, every Christian is still expected to honor the sanctity of marriage no matter how difficult the

circumstances may be. Marriage is a covenant that should be filled with love; it is not meant to be

abolished.

My goodness is there any solid advantages of divorce bill than being self-centered and selfish

reasons??? What about your family??? What about your children??? Thats what family is for Divorce

is not only anti-Filipino, but is anti-Family and anti-marriages. It simply opens a wide range of

disadvantages over the family.

Because many countries do have divorce laws, Article 26 of the Family Code of the Philippines
states that when a marriage between a Filipino citizen and a foreigner is validly obtained
abroad by the alien spouse allowing him or her to remarry, the Filipino spouse shall have
capacity to remarry under Philippine Law as well.

Divorce is a court order saying that a man and woman is NO LONGER husband and a wife.

Annulment is a judicial statement that THERE NEVER WAS A MARRIAGE between the man
and the woman. It is the cancellation of marriage as if it never happened. This cancellation is
done by the court invalidating the marriage from the date of its formation (retroactive
application). Example grounds for annulment: absence of parental consent, mental illness,
fraud, lack of consent, and certain diseases.

Legal Separation is a decree that gives the husband and wife the right to live separately from each other.

Through this decree, the conjugal partnership of properties or the absolute community of properties is

dissolved. However, the man and woman are still considered married. They may not remarry

15
 http://history101.multiply.com/journal/item/214

http://deborjalaw.com/2009/04/11/philippine-annulment-top-ten-10-questions/

wever, while the Philippine laws do not allow divorce, the Family Code of the Philippines allows

Annulment and Legal Separation for unworkable marriages.

These Filipino and Catholic principles are the

Wives, submit to your own husbands, as to the Lord Husbands, love your wives, just as

Christ also loved the church and gave Himself for her A man shall leave his father and

mother and be joined to his wife, and the two shall become one flesh. Ephesians 5

Like most Filipino culture, the institution of marriage in the Philippines was reformed hundreds

of years ago to the then-modern standards of Spanish Catholic Law. Indeed, in Mark 10:9

Jesus states, Therefore what God has joined together, let not man separate. As a result,

premarital chastity and lifelong-marriage took on increased importance in Filipino culture, and

while in much of the world society has retreated from these values, the Filipino

Catholic/Christian homogeneity has sustained their centrality.

17.

17
House Bill No. 6993

16
17
18
Significance of the Study

The most interesting point from this study gives valuable teaching to learn about marriage failure or to

know what kinds of things constitute to divorce. So, all of you must know divorce factors

The researcher expects the study will be useful to many people into improve the knowledge about

understanding divorce factor may lead to marriage failure. By reading all study here, the readers get

many important things, and get some inputs concerning the causes of the failure in a family as well as the

legal implications. Then, they are able to prevent themselves from having such a terrible ending.

(divorce)

Discussing marriage failure the writer also hopes that the readers will understand the importance how to

maintain a marriage by knowing divorce factors that supported by conflicts and psychology related

theories.

The summary of the advantages of divorce:

Spouses will have a second chance for a happier life.

Spouses will have a second chance for a non-violent life.

. second chance

. second chance

. second chance

19
 to be happy

to be happy

to be happy.

My goodness is there any solid advantages of divorce bill than being self-centered and selfish

reasons??? What about your family??? What about your children??? Thats what family is for Divorce

is not only anti-Filipino, but is anti-Family and anti-marriages. It simply opens a wide range of

disadvantages over the family.

But heres the list of what they are not talking about:

1. One out of every two marriages ends in divorce.

2. In 1991, only 50.8% of American children were living with a mother and a father. The numbers have

worsened since that study.

3. Approximately 4% of American children are living only with their father.

4. The vast majority of children who are raised in a two-parent home will never be poor during childhood.

By contrast, the vast majority of children who spend time in a single-parent home will experience poverty.

5. Children from female-headed homes are five times as likely to be poor as children in two-parent

families.

6. Four times as many divorced women with children fell under the poverty line than married women with

children.

7. Children from disrupted marriages experience greater risk of injury, asthma, headaches, and speech

defects than children from intact families.

8. Suicide rates for children of divorce are measurably higher than for children from intact families.

Read more about the Side Effects of Divorce and see that there are more side effects than that of a

solution.

Side effects of divorce

Some of the effects associated with divorce include academic, behavioral, and psychological problems.

Although this may not always be true, studies suggest that children from divorced families are more likely

20
to exhibit such behavioral issues than those from non-divorced

families. The purpose of the article was to help attorneys become

more aware of what their clients may be facing when the divorce

is over.

1. One out of every two marriages ends in divorce.

2. In 1991, only 50.8% of American children were living with a

mother and a father. The numbers have worsened since that

study.

3. Approximately 4% of American children are living only with

their father.

4. The vast majority of children who are raised in a two-parent home will never be poor during

childhood. By contrast, the vast majority of children who spend time in a single-parent home will

experience poverty.

5. Children from female-headed homes are five times as likely to be poor as children in two-parent

families.

6. Four times as many divorced women with children fell under the poverty line than married women with

children.

7. Children from disrupted marriages experience greater risk of injury, asthma, headaches, and speech

defects than children from intact families.

8. Suicide rates for children of divorce are measurably higher than for children from intact families.

9. Children of divorce were found to be twice as likely as chidren from intact families to drop out of school.

10. Young adults ages 18-22 from disrupted families were found to be twice as likely to have poor

relationships with their mothers and/or fathers, and that the effects were still evident 12-22 years after the

breakup.

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11. Divorced adults, particularly divorced men, experience early health problems to a measurably greater

extent than married individuals. Premature death rates for divorced men double that of marriend men

from such cuases as cardiovascular disease, hypertension, and strokes.

12. The suicide rate for divorced white men was four times higher than for their married counterparts.

13. Divorced or separated men undergo inpatient or outpatient psychiatric care at a rate of 10 times more

than married men. Divorced or separated womens usage of such care increased fivefold.

The conclusion of the article was that divorce adversely affects children, women, men, and society as a

whole.

So whats The Real Answer?

Review related literature

House Bill no. 6993

Legalizing Divorce in the Philippines introduced in the Congress of the Philippines

Introduction

Divorce can be a stressful experience affecting finances, living arrangements, household jobs, schedules

and more. If the family includes children, they may be deeply affected.

The only countries which do not allow divorces are the Philippines (though Muslims have the right to

divorce) and the Vatican City, an ecclesiastical state, which has no procedure for divorce. Countries that

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have relatively recently allowed divorce are Italy (1970), Portugal (1975), Spain (1981), Ireland(1996)

and Malta (2011).

Title II: Family Code of the Philippines,

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Divorce, http://domingo-law.com/legal-separation-in-the-philippines/

HOUSE BILL NO. 6993

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Annulment

http://deborjalaw.com/2009/04/11/philippine-annulment-top-ten-10-questions/

http://ndvlaw.com/annulment-of-marriage-in-the-philippines/

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