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Abstract:-Tensile, flexural, impact strengths, hardness Hair threads form a major part of the external covering of
and inter laminar distribution of human hair based most mammals. In the humans, hair represents a structure
hybrid epoxy composite were evaluated to assess the which long time ago lost their functional significance during
possibility of using it as a new material in engineering the species evolution.
applications such as automobile and aircraft applications
for longer life. Addition of epoxy to the human hair fiber The hair thread has a cylindrical structure, highly organized,
ensures strength. Samples are fabricated by the hand formed by inert cells, most of them keratinized and
lay-up process (37.5: 62.5 fiber and matrix ratio by distributed following a very precise design. Hair forms a
weight) and the mechanical properties like tensile, very rigid structure in the molecular level, which is able to
flexural and compressive evaluated using the Universal offer the thread both flexibility and mechanical resistance.
Testing Machine, Hardness test using Rockwell hardness Hair is considered as a dead matter and it is only alive when
testing machine, Impact using Izod impact test and Inter it is inserted in the scalp. When the thread emerges, it
De-laminar test using 3 point loading and observation becomes dead matter although it appears to be growing
under HD camera. Tensile and flexural strengths for the since the fiber follows increasing its length by a speed of
human hair based hybrid epoxy composite laminates are about 1.0 cm/month.
calculated to be 36.9MPa and 78.6MPa respectively. It is
an eco-friendly, long life and cost effective solution for Human hair has about 65-95% of its weight in proteins,
various applications. more 32% of water, lipid pigments and other components.
Chemically, about 80% of human hair is formed by a protein
KEYWORDS:- Human hair, epoxy, tensile strength, known as keratin (Kaplin et al., 1982; Wagner, Joekes,
flexural strength, hardness, impact strength, inter de- 2005).
lamination.
Threads present significant structural differences, according
I. INTRODUCTION to the ethnic group, and within the same group.
A Composite material may be defined as a combination of The factors we have are: resistance, elasticity, diameter,
two or more materials that leads to better properties than bending, shape of the cross section and color. In spite of
those of the individual components used alone. In depending on threads characteristics and on the
comparison with metallic alloys, each material retains its morphological components integrity, cosmetic properties
separate chemical, physical and mechanical properties. The are: volume, malleability, shine, combing retention of
two main constituents are a fiber and a matrix. The main styling, and ability of flying away.
merits of composite materials are their high stiffness and
strength, combined with low density, when compared with Hair has a particular genetic nature. We may handle it and
bulk materials, allowing a weight reduction in the finished applying on it products to mimic differences of the touch
material. The reinforcing phase provides the strength and sensorial characteristics; these are, however, transient
stiffness. In most cases, the reinforcement is harder, effects (Juez, Gimier, 1983; Dias, 2004).
stronger, and stiffer than the matrix. A fiber has a length that
is much greater than its diameter. The length-to-diameter II. FABRICATION
(l/d) ratio is known as the aspect ratio and can vary vastly.
Continuous fibers have long aspect ratios, while A. Pre-Requisites
discontinuous fibers have shorter aspect ratios. Continuous-
fiber composites normally have regular orientation, while
Mold plates (2 Nos)
discontinuous fibers generally have a random orientation.
Liquid wax
A. Human Hair Based Hybrid Composite Oil
Gloss paper
Fixture
Plain white paper (210*210mm) and all the remaining epoxy was poured on top. Another
Cardboard strips (200mm long-2Nos ; 220mm nicely waxed gloss paper cut to the dimensions of the mold
long-2Nos) plate was used to cover the top of the material. Then 4mm
Cloth thick spacers were placed at the vertices of the template in
Hacksaw blade and Scissors order to ensure non-tapered surface and even thickness
Adhesive throughout. The top mold plate was placed on this
MS roller and Spacers (4mm) preparation for sandwiching it. Then the setup was placed in
a fixture and tightened fully until the excess epoxy flowed
B. Preparation out and a proper setting was obtained and was left
undisturbed for one day. After checking the proper curing of
Two mold plates were taken and a template of 210*210 mm the composite, it was removed from the fixture, separated
size which is the size of the composite was readied within from the mold plates, the gloss paper was torn and the
their boundaries. composite made ready.
The composite was made by collecting hair from various After the composite was fabricated it was cut into standard
sources and making them into beds of minute thickness by dimensions and the weight was measured.5 similar materials
hand rolling in such a way that the follicles are interlocked. were fabricated for conducting various mechanical tests.
Taking approximately 20gms of hair for each bed three such
beds were made. After this a bunch of approximately 4inch Specimen as
long hair was taken and small groups of follicles were per the Epoxy Resin ( wt. Fibre ( wt.
removed each of approximately same thickness and placed sample taken in gms) in gms)
separately in longitudinal fashion. About 50 such strands (dimensions)
were formed. The epoxy resin was made with a composition
of Araldite LY556 to HY951 hardener in the ratio of (10:1) Composite 1
125 75
and mixed well. (Human Hair)
III. TESTING
The speed of testing was set at the proper rate and the
machine was started. A plotter was connected to the testing
machine. The deflection of the specimen was continued until
a rupture of the specimen was observed. A plotter plots the
load vs deflection curve results on the graph sheet. The
stress vs strain curve was plotted from the plotter results.
The flexural strength was calculated from the test results.
Fig: 3(d) Specimen Loaded in UTM for Three Point Fig: 3(F) Rockwell Hardness Indentation
Bending
A specimen of at least 1/4 inches (6.4 mm) thickness is flexural strain and have been shown in Figure 4(b). From
indented by a steel ball. A small load is applied, the the figure it is seen that the flexural strength value is 78.6
apparatus is zeroed, and then a larger load is applied and MPaat approximately 3.7% strain for human hair epoxy
removed. After a short time with the preload still applied, composite.
the remaining indentation is read from the scale.The results
obtained from this test are useful measures of relative
resistance to indentation of various grades of plastics.
However, the Rockwell hardness test does not serve well as
a predictor of other properties such as strength or resistance
to scratches, abrasion, or wear, and should not be used
alone for product design specifications.
A. Tensile Strength
C. Impact Strength
V. APPLICATIONS
REFERENCES
This composite fabrication was aimed at producing durable
bumpers as a primary application using hair fibre,with epoxy
resin. The above results prove that this was a good attempt in [1]. Sapuan, S.M., Hassan, M.Y. and Kassim, M.R. 2001.
making the desired composite. Tensileand flexural properties of epoxy composites
based oncoconut fibre. Cien. Tecnol. dos Mater, 13 (1):
Further, the applications over this material can be extended 41-43.
in other automobile and aircraft applications where there is a [2]. J. Jayaseelan, P. Palanisamy and K.R. Vijayakumar.
need for vibration, noise and dampening. It is also a good 2013. Design fabrication and characterisation of nano-
water-proofing and fire proof material due to the addition of tubes reinforces epoxy carbon fibers, Int. J.
epoxy. AppliedResearch, 3(2), 228-231.
[3]. A REVIEW ON NATURAL FIBERS D.
Future works involve the usage of this composite in Chandramohan& .K. Marimuthu Vol8Issue2/IJRRAS.
combination with other materials such as natural composites [4]. American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM),
and phase changing materials (PCM) for various applications. 2000.ASTM D 638-99-2000 and 790-99-2000.
Few practically possible applications of this materials ASTMCommittee on Standards. West Conshocken, PA,
includes bumpers, aircraft nose, engine covers, fuel tanks pp. 1-13 and 145-151.
etc. [5]. Study on Mechanical Properties of Goat HairBased
Composite Himanshu kumar sinha1, Niranjan
VI. CONCLUSIONS thakur2Department of Mechanical Engineering,Dr.
M.G.R. Educational and Research Institute
The tensile strength value of hair fiber epoxy composite is University,Chennai, INDIA.
found to be close to 37 MPa which is very good for plastics. [6]. Human hair waste and its utilization: Gaps and
Possibilities by Ankush Gupta.
The flexural strength of the composite was found to be 78.6 [7]. State of the art on tribological behavior of polymer
MPa which is remarkable. matrix composites reinforced with natural fibers in the
green materials world Emad Omrani a,*, Pradeep L.