It Wasn't That Far Into Doing Research That I Found That Anorexia Was A Benefit On IQ Tests

It wasnt that far into doing research that I found that study indicating anorexia was a benefit on
IQ tests, as well as other studies discussing similar finds of high cognitive function in anorexic
patients... Within the first 3 weeks I think it was..
But you cant really throw a fit with just that, because when people start asking questions youre
going to need a deep well of answers on this one.
Deep, strong rationale, covered from multiple angles. until it feels unassailable.
I needed to understand more about what is going on with the anorexia and IQ link and see
which direction the information flew and how strongly.
Thats the type of treatment this topic needed. Itd be rude to bring this up and not be able to
defend your point.
Here is a summary of the areas with dysfunction or relationship to conditions or situations in

patients with Anorexia Nervosa with the full list of brain region or other dysfunction below that.
Lethality of Psychiatric Disorder: (item #119, #121, #122) Anorexia is the most lethal
psychiatric disorder, with a six-fold increased risk of death, four times higher than major
depression.
If diagnosed in your 20s there is an eighteen-fold increase risk of death than average.
Anorexia has twice the mortality rate of schizophrenia and three times that of bipolar disorder.
Relationship with Obesity in Women: (item #89) Obese women have the opposite response
to food in certain brain regions compared to patients with Anorexia.
It looks quite possible that obese women choose an erroneous cognitive path in response to
certain stimuli just as those with anorexia do, its just the opposite in certain cases.
Relationship to Estimated Intelligence Quotient: (item #120) Review of 30 peer-reviewed

studies established that people with anorexia nervosa score 10.8 units and 5.9 units above the
average intelligence quotient of the normative population on the National Adult Reading Test
and Wechsler Intelligence Scales, respectively.
Relationship to Anosognosia: (item #5) Anosognosia, also called "lack of insight," is a

symptom of severe mental illness experienced by some that impairs a persons ability to
understand and perceive his or her illness. It is the single largest reason why people with
schizophrenia or bipolar disorder refuse medications or do not seek treatment. Without
awareness of the illness, refusing treatment appears rational, no matter how clear the need for
treatment might be to others.
Anosognosia (article on treatment advocacy center)
Common feature of Anorexia Nervosa see (item #5)
Elevated Pain Threshold: (item #6) Elevated pain threshold is a less known feature of
Anorexia Nervosa.
Early Life Stress: (item #18) Adolescent anorectic patients showed signif ^ negative life event
scores than healthy controls in all the areas of life events examined.
Anger: (item #20) Internalized anger was significantly higher in both the anorexic and general
psychiatric patients as compared to normal controls, but this difference was significant only for
the anorexic patients.
Alexithymia: (item #21) Robust body of literature illustrating elevated Alexithymia levels in
those with eating disorders.
The Emotional Blindness of Alexithymia (Scientific American article)
Hippocampus Involvement in Emotion
Amygdala involvement in Emotion
Olfactory Bulb Involvement in Emotion - Olfactory Bulb has direct connections to the
hippocampus and amygdala.
Note that these brain regions are involved in emotion and some of the highest level processing
humans are capable of, it is likely that emotion is the language through which these most
powerful regions speak in.
Patients with Anorexia Nervosa have damage or dysfunction to all three of the above areas.
Patients with Anorexia Nervosa show activation of fear network when body image
distortions are viewed: (item #23)
High Prevalence of Orthostatic Intolerance in patients with Anorexia Nervosa: (item #25)
Orthostatic Intolerance is the development of symptoms when standing upright which are
relieved when reclining. (wikipedia)
Disruption of Spatial Task Performance in patients with Anorexia Nervosa: (item #26)
We observed a significant deviation of the tactile and visual SV towards the body (an A-effect) under
tilted conditions, suggesting a multisensory impairment in spatial orientation. Deviation of the Z-axis in the
direction of the tilt was also observed in the AN group. The greater A-effect in AN patients may reflect
reduced interoceptive awareness and thus inadequate consideration of gravitational inflow. Furthermore,
marked body weight loss could decrease the somatosensory inputs required for spatial orientation.
High Joint Hypermobility Prevalence in those with Anorexia: (item #30)
Sex-Differences in Prevalence of Anorexia Nervosa: (item #31)
Anorexia nervosa is linked to reduced brain structure in reward and somatosensory

regions: a meta-analysis of VBM studies: (item #33)
Kindness- problems perceiving kindness may be a consistent trait related to the

development of anorexia nervosa: (item #107)
Malevolence- recognizing malevolence may be related to recovery of anorexia nervosa:

(item #108)
Less brain activity in certain regions in response to food stimuli, disgust involved: (item
#45)
Dorsal Anterior Cingulate- ^ dACC resp (corr with perfectionism) + ^dACC-amygdala

coupling+ ^ adapt. after negative feedback could be related to intolerance of uncertainty.
(item #45)
Reaction to Punishment in Anorexia- Adolescent AN patients exhibited exaggerated

striatal response to losses compared to wins could be rel. to sensitive to punish often
seen in this patient group: (item #67)
Disruption of the functioning of the visuo-spatial sketch pad: (item #70)
Social rejections were related to increased activation in the secondary visual cortex:
(item #71)
Evidence suggesting poorer ability to manipulate and process visual-spatial material:

(item #72)
Reduced olfactory perception might be considered a common deficit in anorexia with

possible influences and consequences for therapy: (item #73)
5-HT1A receptor binding was associated with a measure of anxiety in women recovered
from restricting-type AN: (item #75)
Drive for thinness in acute anorexia nervosa correlates w. cortical thinning in lateral
occipitotemporal cortex: (item #76)
Reduced salience and default mode network activity in women with anorexia nervosa:
(item #102)
Inside a Brain Circuit, the Will to Press On (article on the salience network)
Emily Singer
December 2013
Default Mode Network (wikipedia): take a glance at the brain regions and their function.
Default Mode Network is the:
-Neurological Basis for Self

-Thinking about Others
-Remembering the Past and thinking about the future.
Studies show that patients with Anorexia have damage to 11 of the 12 regions of the default
mode network except the Posterior Inferior Parietal Lobe, though they do have damage to the
Inferior Parietal Lobe.
Adolescents with Anorexia have antibodies against the Putamen: (item #104)
The putamen plays a role in many different types of learning (wikipedia)
Interpersonal Distrust: ^ perfectionism and interpersonal distrust scores were noticed

subjects recovered from AN: (item #116)
Perfectionism- ^ perfectionism and interpersonal distrust scores were noticed subjects

recovered from AN: (item #117)
1. Right Anterior Insula: Sign of Diminished Hemodynamic Response
Altered insula response to sweet taste processing after recovery from anorexia and bulimia
nervosa.
Obendorfer TA et al.
American Journal of Psychiatry
October 2013
2. Anterior Insula: Increased functional connectivity resting state associated with

interoceptive awareness
Increased resting state functional connectivity in the fronto-parietal and default mode network in
anorexia nervosa.
Boehm I et al.
Frontiers in Behavioral Neuroscience
October 2014
3. Right Anterior Insular Cortex: Reduced volume in right anterior insular cortex
correlates with appetitive restraint.
Restraint of appetite and reduced regional brain volumes in anorexia nervosa: a voxel-based
morphometric study.
Brooks SJ et al.
BMC Psychiatry
November 2011
4. Left Anterior Insula: Increased activity plus connections.
Functional and effective connectivity of anterior insula in anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa.
Kim KR et al.
Neuroscience Letters
July 2012
5. Anosognosia: Common feature of Anorexia Nervosa. Linked to damage in the right

insula and associated parietal areas.
Nunn et al.
Medical Hypotheses
Anorexia Nervosa and the Insula
Above quote citing below: Reference #41
Awareness of the functioning of one's own limbs mediated by the insular cortex?
Karnath et al.
Journal of Neuroscience
August 2005
6. Posterior Insula: Elevated pain threshold, which is a less well-recognised feature of

AN, was reported in three individual cases of isolated insula stroke in the posterior insula.
Nunn et al.
Medical Hypotheses
Anorexia Nervosa and the Insula
Above quote citing below: Reference #40
Strokes restricted to the insular cortex.
Cereda C. et al.
Neurology
December 2002
7. Posterior Insula: Higher connectivity between posterior insula and medial PFC in
anorexia and bulimia groups rel to control.
Altered structural and effective connectivity in anorexia and bulimia nervosa in circuits that
regulate energy and reward homeostasis.
Frank et al.
Translational Psychiatry
November 2016
8. Parahippocampal Gyrus: Reduced bilateral parahippocampal gyrus relative to dietary

restraint.
morphometric study.
Brooks SJ et al.
BMC Psychiatry
November 2011
9. Retrosplenial Cortex: AN group exhibited stronger synchronous activity between the

dACC and retrosplenial cortex than BN.
Resting-state synchrony between anterior cingulate cortex and precuneus relates to body shape
concern in anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa
Lee et al.
Psychiatry Research
January 2014
10. Saccadic Eye Movements: AN made prosaccades of sign shorter latency than
controls + made an incr. number of inhibitory errors on memory-guided saccade task.
Saccadic Eye Movements in Anorexia Nervosa
Phillipou A et al.
PLoS One
March 2016
11. Dentate Gyrus: (Murine Model) Incr. of cell proliferation, apoptosis and reduction in
volume in the dentate gyrus of homozygous anorexia mutant mice.
Increases in cell proliferation and apoptosis in dentate gyrus of anorexia (anx/anx) mice.
Kim MJ et al.
April 2001
12. Dentate Gyrus: (Murine Model) Dehydration Induced Anorexia (DIA significantly
reduced the GFAP+ cells/nuclei ratio in CA2 (23%) and dentate gyrus (48%).
Anorexia Reduces GFAP+ Cell Density in the Rat Hippocampus
Reyes-Haro et al.
Neural Plasticity
2016
13. Dentate Gyrus: (Murine Model) Accordingly, anorexia (DIA) increased the number of
reactive astrocytes in CA2 and dentate gyrus more than twofold.
Reyes-Haro et al.
Neural Plasticity
2016
14. Hippocampus: (Murine Model) Our results showed that in (DIA) GFAP+ cell density
was significantly reduced (~20%) in all regions of the hippocampus, except in CA1.
Reyes-Haro et al.
Neural Plasticity
2016
15. Hippocampus: Significant Bilateral Reduction in volume.
Hippocampal volume and cognitive function in Anorexia Nervosa
Connan et al.
Psychiatry Research
March 2006
16. Lingual Gyrus: Healthy control shows increased activation in the right lingual gyrus
extending into the posterior cingulate gyrus during presentation of neutral facial expression.
Increased BOLD signal in the fusiform gyrus during implicit emotion processing in anorexia
nervosa
Fonville et al.
Neuroimage Clinical
December 2013
17. Stria Terminalis: (Murine Model) (PACAP) receptor activation in posterior bed
nucleus of stria terminalis BNST subregions can produce anorexia and weight loss.
PACAP in the BNST produces anorexia and weight loss in male and female rats.
Kocho-Schellenberg et al.
Neuropsychopharmacology
June 2014
18. Early Life Stress: Adolescent anorectic patients showed signif ^ negative life event
scores than healthy controls in all the areas of life events examined.
Life Events and Severe Anorexia Nervosa in Adolescents
Horesh et al.
Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica
January 1995
19. Schizophrenia: single female case sugg. supports view anorexia may relate to ego
dev. ranging from neurotic to character disorder to psychotic.
Anorexia Nervosa and Schizophrenia in adolescent female
Lyon et al.
Journal of Adolescent Health Care
September 1989
20. Anger: Internalized anger was significantly higher in both the anorexic and general
psychiatric patients as compared to normal controls, but this difference was significant only for
the anorexic patients.
Internalized anger, self-control, and mastery experience in inpatient anorexic adolescents
Horesh et al.
Journal of Pscyhosomatic Research
October 2000
21. Alexithymia: Robust body of literature illustrating elevated Alexithymia levels in those
with eating disorders.
Alexithymia and Eating Disorders: A critical review of the literature.
Nowakowski et al.
Journal of Eating Disorders
March 2013
22. Frontostriatal Circuit: Functional Disturbances

Functional Disturbances Within Frontostriatal Circuits Across Multiple Childhood
Psychopathologies
Marsh et al.
June 2009
23. Amygdala: Right amyg activation of fear network when body image distortions
viewed.
Body image distortion reveals amygdala activation in patients with anorexia nervosa -- a
functional magnetic resonance imaging study.
Seeger G et al.
June 2002
24. Amygdala: Amygdala hyperreactivity and reduced activity in the cingulate cortex.
Amygdala hyperreactivity in restrictive anorexia nervosa.
Joos AA et al.
Psychiatry Research
March 2011
25. Orthostatic Intolerance: High prevalence
Prevalence and familial patterns of gastrointestinal symptoms, joint hypermobility and diurnal
blood pressure variations in patients with anorexia nervosa
Goh et al.
November 2013
26. Spatial Task Performance: Disruption of spatial task performance.

Disruption of Spatial Task Performance in Anorexia Nervosa
Guardia et al.
PLoS One
January 2013
27. Sensory Sensitivity: Sensory sensitivity assoc w. body image disturb sugg. it
increases w. global sensitivity to sensation.
Subjective Experience of Sensation in Anorexia Nervosa
Zucker et al.
Behavioral Research and Therapy
June 2013
28. Sensory Sensitivity: Sensory sensitivity was also negatively and significantly
correlated with lowest BMI, but not current BMI.
Zucker et al.
June 2013
29. Sensory Sensitivity: Negatively + significantly correlated w. temperament feature of

harm avoidance in AN and those with history of AN.
Zucker et al.
June 2013
30. Joint Hypermobility: High prevalence.

Prevalence and familial patterns of gastrointestinal symptoms, joint hypermobility and diurnal
blood pressure variations in patients with anorexia nervosa
Goh et al.
November 2013
31. Sex Differences in Prevalence: 10:1 female-male ratio (DSM)
BINGE / PURGE ANOREXIA VS. BULIMIA: A DSM 5 UPDATE
Julie OToole
www.kartiniclinic.com
June 2016
32. Nucleus Accumbens: Ablation of the NaC can increase AN patient's psychological drive to
eat.
Treatment of intractable anorexia nervosa with inactivation of the nucleus accumbens using
stereotactic surgery.
Wang J et al.
Stereotactic and Functional Neurosurgery
October 2013
33. Right Lentiform Nucleus: Regional decrease right lentiform nucleus.
Anorexia nervosa is linked to reduced brain structure in reward and somatosensory regions: a
meta-analysis of VBM studies
Titova et al.
BMC Psychiatry
April 2013
34. Precuneus: BN and AN stronger synchr activity betw the dACC+precuneus, which
correlated w. ^ scores Body Shape Questionnaire.
Lee et al.
Psychiatry Research Neuroimaging
January 2014
35. Precuneus: Reduced activation in precuneus when processing self-images.
Brains of anorexia nervosa patients process self-images differently from non-self-images: an

fMRI study.
Sachdev P et al.
Neuropsychologia
March 2008
36. Precuneus: Compared with healthy women, neural responses to benevolence were
diminished in the precuneus and right angular gyrus in both currently-ill and weight-recovered
subjects with anorexia, but neural responses to malevolence differed in the left fusiform only in
currently-ill subjects.
Neural Responses to Kindness and Malevolence Differ in Illness and Recovery in Women With
Anorexia Nervosa
McAdams et al.
Human Brain Mapping
December 2015
37. Right Angular Gyrus: Compared with healthy women, neural responses to
benevolence were diminished in the precuneus and right angular gyrus in both currently-ill and
weight-recovered subjects with anorexia, but neural responses to malevolence differed in the
left fusiform only in currently-ill subjects.
Anorexia Nervosa
McAdams et al.
Human Brain Mapping
December 2015
38. Left Fusiform Gyrus: Compared with healthy women, neural responses to
benevolence were diminished in the precuneus and right angular gyrus in both currently-ill and
weight-recovered subjects with anorexia, but neural responses to malevolence differed in the
left fusiform only in currently-ill subjects.
Anorexia Nervosa
McAdams et al.
Human Brain Mapping
December 2015
39. Right Inferior Parietal Gyrus: Reduced cortical thickness.
Brain volumes and regional cortical thickness in young females with anorexia nervosa
Fuglset et al.
BMC Psychiatry
November 2016
40. Superior Parietal Gyrus: Reduced cortical thickness bilaterally.
Fuglset et al.
BMC Psychiatry
November 2016
41. Angular Gyrus: Increased functional connectivity between angular gyrus and other
parts of the fronto-parietal network.
Increased resting state functional connectivity in the fronto-parietal and default mode network in
anorexia nervosa.
Boehm I et al.
Frontiers in Behavioral Neuroscience
October 2014
42. Occipital Lobe: Temporal and occipital lobes showed the most susceptibility to gray
matter decrease in those currently ill with AN.
Titova et al.
BMC Psychiatry
April 2013
43. Medial Temporal Lobe: reducedCBF found at baseline + follow-up (more than 4 yrs)
main affected cerebral area was med. temporal region sugg rCBF even after weight restoration.
Neuroimaging in Eating Disorders
Ignacio Juregui-Lobera
Neuropsychiatric Disease and Treatment
September 2011
44. Temporal Lobe: Temporal and occipital lobes showed the most susceptibility to gray
matter decrease in those currently ill with AN.
Titova et al.
BMC Psychiatry
April 2013
45. Inferior Parietal Lobule: AN+BN less activation here in response to food stimuli,
disgust involved.
Medial prefrontal cortex activity associated with symptom provocation in eating disorders.
Uher et al.
July 2004
46. Left Inferior Parietal Lobule: Regional decrease left inferior parietal lobe.
Titova et al.
BMC Psychiatry
April 2013
47. Parietal Lobe: Anorectic patients showed a marked increase (30%70%) in [11C]
WAY-100635BP, a selective ligand in this region.
September 2011
48. Dorsal Raphe Nuclei: Anorectic patients showed a marked increase (30%70%) in
[11C] WAY-100635BP, a selective ligand in this region.
September 2011
49. Frontal Lobe: Surgical treat. of cavernoma, loc. on the frontal side of R. sylvian res. in
complete remission AN at 2 years follow-up (single case).
Anorexia Nervosa associated with Right Frontal brain region
Houy E et al.
The International Journal of Eating Disorders
December 2007
50. Dorsal Anterior Cingulate: BN and AN stronger synchr activity betw the
dACC+precuneus, which correlated w. ^ scores Body Shape Questionnaire.
Lee et al.
Psychiatry Research Neuroimaging
January 2014
51. Dorsal Anterior Cingulate: ^ dACC resp (corr with perfectionism) + ^dACC-amygdala
coupling+ ^ adapt. after neg. feedback could be rel. to intol. of uncertainty.
Increased anterior cingulate cortex response precedes behavioural adaptation in anorexia

nervosa
Geisler et al.
Scientific Reports
December 2016
52. Anterior Cingulate Cortex: Gray matter decrease correlates with severity of
symptoms.
Gray matter decrease of the anterior cingulate cortex in anorexia nervosa.
Muhlau M et al.
December 2007
53. Left Anterior Cingulate Cortex: AN+BN greater activation in response to food stimuli,
disgust involved.
Uher et al.
July 2004
54. Posterior Cingulate Cortex: Reduced posterior cingulate volume correll with
appetitive restraint.
morphometric study.
Brooks SJ et al.
BMC Psychiatry
November 2011
55. Interoceptive Awareness: Altered Interoceptive Awareness
Altered interoceptive awareness in anorexia nervosa: Effects of meal anticipation, consumption

and bodily arousal.
Khalsa SS et al.
International Journal of Eating Disorders
November 2015
56. Right Forceps Major: DTI FA was ^ in controls compared to AN in Right Forceps
Major.
Localized Brain Volume and White Matter Integrity Alterations in Adolescent Anorexia Nervosa
Frank et al.
Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
October 2013
57. Left Superior Longitudinal Fasiculus: DTI FA was ^ in AN compared to controls.
Frank et al.
October 2013
58. Cortico-Striatal Reward System: Studies using monetary reward found altered
activity in cortico-striatal reward systems in response to unexpected rewards.
Functional brain alterations in anorexia nervosa: a scoping review.

Fuglset et al.
November 2016
59. Left Inferior Fronto-Occipital Fasiculus: Decr in fractl anisotropy, and alt in axial
and radial diffusivities in left IFOF.
Subcallosal Cingulate Connectivity in Anorexia Nervosa Patients Differs From Healthy Controls:
A Multi-tensor Tractography Study.
Hayes DJ et al.
Brain Stimulation
July 2015
*Note for studies referencing DTI FA
DTI FA stands for Diffusion Tensor Imaging expressed as FA (fractional anisotropy)

Used to measure axon integrity related to myelination and density.
Quoted from Frank et al. study
60. Inferior Fronto-Occipital Fasiculus: DTI FA was ^ in AN compared to controls

bilaterally.
Frank et al.
August 2013
61. Anterior Corona Radiata: DTI FA was ^ in AN compared to controls bilaterally
Frank et al.
August 2013
62. Right Superior Corona Radiata: DTI FA was ^ in controls compared to AN

Frank et al.
August 2013
63. Left Posterior Corona Radiata: DTI FA was ^ in controls compared to AN
Frank et al.
August 2013
64. Cingulum: DTI FA was ^ in controls compared to AN bilaterally
Frank et al.
August 2013
65. Right Anterior Cingulum: Decreases in fractional anisotropy, and alterations in axial
and radial diffusivities
Hayes DJ et al.
Brain Stimulation
July 2015
66. Internal Capsule: Decreases in fractional anisotropy and alterations in radial and axial
diffusivities (sugg pathophys) in anterior limb of internal capsule
Hayes DJ et al.
Brain Stimulation
July 2015
67. Striatum: Adolescent AN patients exhib exagg striatal respons to losses comp, to
wins could be rel. to sensitiv to punish oft seen in this patient group.
Functional brain alterations in anorexia nervosa: a scoping review
Fuglset et al.
November 2016
68. Hypothalamus: anorexia and bulimia lower connect between middle ofc and
hypothalamus.
Frank et al.
November 2016
69. Left Hypothalamus: regional decrease left hypothalamus
Titova et al.
BMC Psychiatry
April 2013
70. Visuo-Spatial Dysfunction: Disruption of the functioning of the visuo-spatial sketch

pad.
Selective working memory deficits in anorexia nervosa
Kemps et al.
European Eating Disorders Review
March 2006
71. Secondary Visual Cortex: Social rejections were related to increased activation in
the secondary visual cortex
Fuglset et al.
November 2016
72. Spatial Span Task: Evidence suggesting poorer ability to manipulate and process
visual-spatial material.
Comprehensive neurocognitive assessment of patients with anorexia nervosa
Phillipou et al.
World Journal of Psychiatry
December 2015
73. Olfactory Impairment: Reduced olfactory perception might be considered a common

deficit in anorexia with possible influences and consequences for therapy
Olfactory Deficits in Anorexia Nervosa
Roessner et al.
European Archives of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience
February 2005
74. Mesial Temporal Lobe: Anorectic patients showed a marked increase (30%70%) in
[11C] WAY-100635BP, a selective ligand in this region.
September 2011
75. 5-HT1A: Altered brain serotonin 5-HT1A receptor binding after recovery from anorexia
nervosa.
Altered brain serotonin 5-HT1A receptor binding after recovery from anorexia nervosa measured by
positron emission tomography and [carbonyl11C]WAY-100635.
Bailer UF et al.
Archives of General Psychiatry
September 2005
76. Occipitotemporal Complex: Drive for thinness in acute anorexia nervosa correlates
w. cortical thinning in lateral occipitotemporal cortex.
Global Cortical Thinning in Acute Anorexia Nervosa Normalizes Following Long-Term Weight
Restoration
King et al.
Biological Psychiatry
April 2015
77. Orbitofrontal Cortex: Pat. w. AN failed to show learning effect in Iowa Gambling
Task (an est. instrument of OFC function, those rec. from AN did show learning effect.
A neuropsychological examination of orbitofrontal cortex function in eating disorders
Tchanturia
Kings College London, Institute of Psychiatry
78. Lateral Orbitofrontal Cortex: Anorectic patients showed a marked increase (30%
70%) in [11C] WAY-100635BP, a selective ligand in this region.
September 2011
79. Prefrontal Cortex: Anorectic patients showed a marked increase (30%70%) in
[11C] WAY-100635BP, a selective ligand
September 2011
80. Posterior Parietal Cortex: "pinnochio illusion" wrist tendon stim. resulted in feeling
slimmer, those who felt slimmest biggest act. in pos par cortex.
Neural Substrate of Body Size: Illusory Feeling of Shrinking of the Waist
Ehrsson et al.
PLoS Biology
November 2005
Nature article on above study

Mind trick whittles the Waist
81. Left Inferior Parietal Cortex: When satiated, AN patients showed decreased
activation in left inferior parietal cortex relative to controls.
Hunger and satiety in anorexia nervosa: fMRI during cognitive processing of food pictures
Santel et al.
Brain Research
July 2006
82. Lateral Temporal Cortex: Anorectic patients showed a marked increase (30%70%)
in [11C] WAY-100635BP, a selective ligand in this region.
Hunger and satiety in anorexia nervosa: fMRI during cognitive processing of food pictures
Santel et al.
Brain Research
July 2006
83. Superior Temporal Gyrus: Restrict AN serotonin path abnor pres incr. [18F]MPPF
(selective 5-HT1A receptor agonist affinity close to 5-HT) binding incl part of super temp gyrus
Organic Background of Restrictive-Type Anorexia Nervosa Suggested by Increased

Serotonin1A Receptor Binding in Right Frontotemporal Cortex of Both Lean and Recovered
Patients: [18F]MPPF PET Scan Study
Galusca et al.
December 2008
84. Right Superior Temporal Gyrus: reduced activation in the the R. Sup. Temp. Gyrus
for patients with AN for the comparison between Theory of Mind and non Theory of Mind
Theory of Mind and the Brain in Anorexia Nervosa: Relation to Treatment Outcome
Schulte-Ruther et al.
August 2012
85. Medial Prefrontal Cortex: Medial prefrontal response to symptom-provoking stimuli

was identified as a common feature of anorexia and bulimia nervosa
Uher R et al.
July 2004
86. Medial Prefrontal Cortex: AN patients showed reduced act in middle and ant. temporal
cortex+medial prefrontal cortex.
August 2012
87. Middle Orbitofrontal Cortex: Anorexia and bulimia lower connect between middle ofc
and hypothalamus.
Frank et al.
November 2016
88. Left Medial Orbitofrontal Cortex: AN+BN greater activation in response to food
stimuli, disgust involved.
Uher et al.
July 2004
89. Obese Women: Dopamine model reward-learning signal distinguished groups in the
anteroventral striatum, insula, and prefrontal cortex. Brain responses were greater than the
control group in anorexic women and lesser in obese women.
Anorexia Nervosa and Obesity are Associated with Opposite Brain Reward Response
Frank et al.
August 2012
90. Dorsal Medial Prefrontal Cortex: In social reward paradigm, social accept was
related to decr activation in the dorsomedial prefrontal cortex.
Fuglset et al.
November 2016
91. Lateral Prefrontal Cortex: AN+BN less activation here in response to food stimuli, disgust
involved.
Uher et al.
July 2004
92. Right Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex: Increase right GMV correlated with appetitive
restraint.
morphometric study.
Brooks SJ et al.
BMC Psychiatry
November 2011
93. Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex: AN- recovered from, a monetary reward task was
assoc w. incr activation in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex.
Fuglset et al.
November 2016
94. Ventromedial Prefrontal Cortex: Greater Insular etc... Connectivity with middle
Ventromedial Prefrontal Cortex (OFC).
Greater Insula White Matter Fiber Connectivity in Women Recovered from Anorexia Nervosa.
Shott ME et al.
January 2016
95. Middle Frontal Gyrus: AN recovered- delay discounting task revealed incr activation in the
middle frontal gyrus.
Fuglset et al.
November 2016
96. Left Cerebellum: Reduced volume in left correll with appetitive restraint.
morphometric study.
Brooks SJ et al.
BMC Psychiatry
November 2011
97. Posterior Insula: Heightened prediction error-related brain response in the posterior
insula as well as behaviorally increased sensi to punishment in recovered anorexic women.
Prediction error and somatosensory insula activation in women recovered from anorexia
nervosa.
Frank GK et al.
Journal of Psychiatry and Neuroscience
August 2016
98. Insular Cortex: Greater white mtter connecty between bilateral insula, ventral
striatum, left insula, middle (OFC), right insula projecting to gyrus rectus and medial OFC.
Greater Insula White Matter Fiber Connectivity in Women Recovered from Anorexia Nervosa.
Shott ME et al.
January 2016
99. Cerebellum: AN+BN less activation here in response to food stimuli, disgust involved.
Uher et al.
July 2004
100. Locus Coeruleus: starvation inhibits noradrendrenergic stim. corticotrophin rel. hor
however, stress compon of AN prob act. loc coer anyway.
Anorexia Nervosa: A Unified Neurological Perspective
Hasan et al.
International Journal of Medical Sciences
October 2011
101. Left Precentral Gyrus: When looking at pics of another womans body, participants
w. AN, rel. to controls, showed add. act. in L. precentral gyrus.
Neural correlates of viewing photographs of ones own body and another womans body in
anorexia and bulimia nervosa: an fMRI study
Vocks et al.
May 2010
102. Postcentral Gyrus: Sensorimotor network activity reduced in bilateral postcentral

gyrus in women with AN comp to controls.
Reduced salience and default mode network activity in women with anorexia nervosa
McFadden et al.
May 2014
103. Right Caudate: regional decrease right caudate.
Titova et al.
BMC Psychiatry
April 2013
104. Putamen: Antibodies against human putamen in adolescents with anorexia nervosa.
Antibodies against human putamen in adolescents with anorexia nervosa.
Harel Z et al.
May 2001
105. Brainstem: In anorectic patients, stimulation with their own body image was
associated with activation in the right amygdala, the right gyrus fusiformis and the brainstem
region. Our preliminary findings indicate an activation of the brain's 'fear network' and
underscore the need for examination of body image distortions in anorectic patients with a fMRI
design to further evaluate the course of this disturbance in a longitudinal approach.
Seeger G et al.
June 2002
106. Temporoparietal Junction: Restrict AN serotonin path abnor pres incr. [18F]MPPF
(selective 5-HT1A receptor agonist affinity close to 5-HT) binding.

Galusca et al.
December 2008
107. Kindness: Problems with perceiving kindness may be a consistent trait in the
development of anorexia nervosa.
Anorexia Nervosa
McAdams et al.
Human Brain Mapping
December 2015
108. Malevolence: Recognizing malevolence may be related to recovery of anorexia

nervosa.
Anorexia Nervosa
McAdams et al.
Human Brain Mapping
December 2015
109. Middle Temporal Gyri: AN patients showed reduced act in middle and ant. temporal
cortex+medial prefrontal cortex.
August 2012
110. Left Fornix: DTI FA was ^ in controls compared to AN
Frank et al.
October 2013
111. Left Fornix Crus: Decr in fract anisotropy, and alt in axial and radial diffusivities
(sugg pathophys).
Hayes DJ et al.
Brain Stimulation
July 2015
112. Fusiform Gyrus: Activation
Seeger G et al.
June 2002
113. Left Fusiform Gyrus: reduced volume relative to appetitive restraint
morphometric study.
Brooks SJ et al.
BMC Psychiatry
November 2011
114. Parietal Operculum: Restrict AN serotonin path abnor pres incr. [18F]MPPF

Galusca et al.
December 2008
115. Inferior Frontal Gyrus: Restrict AN serotonin path abnor pres incr. [18F]MPPF

Galusca et al.
December 2008
116. Interpersonal Distrust: ^ perfectionism and interpersonal distrust scores were

noticed subjects recovered from AN.

Galusca et al.
December 2008
117. Perfectionism: ^ perfectionism and interpersonal distrust scores were noticed

subjects recovered from AN.

Galusca et al.
December 2008
118. Superior Frontal Gyrus: reduced cortical thickness
Fuglset et al.
BMC Psychiatry
November 2016
119. Lethality of Psychiatric Disorder: Anorexia is the most lethal psychiatric disorder,
with a six-fold increased risk of death, four times higher than major depression.
If diagnosed in your 20s there is an eighteen-fold increase risk of death than average.
Anorexia has twice the mortality rate of schizophrenia and three times that of bipolar disorder.
Deadliest Psychiatric Disorder: Anorexia

Daniel J. DeNoon
Web MD
July 2011
120. Estimated Intelligence Quotient (IQ) in Anorexia Nervosa: This review of 29

peer-reviewed studies established that people with anorexia nervosa score 10.8 units and 5.9
units above the average intelligence quotient of the normative population on the National Adult
Reading Test and Wechsler Intelligence Scales, respectively.
Estimated intelligence quotient in anorexia nervosa: a systematic review and meta-analysis of

the literature
Lopez et al.
Annals of General Psychiatry
December 2010
The above is a massive analytical study. It reviewed:
14 NART studies: 365 Anorexia Nervosa patients

15 WAIS studies: 484 Anorexia Nervosa patients
121. The Mortality Rate from Anorexia Nervosa: Contrary to some reports in the
literature, our study confirms a high mortality rate within the AN population.
The Mortality Rate from Anorexia Nervosa
Birmingham et al.
August 2005
122. Mortality Rates in Patients with Anorexia Nervosa and other Eating Disorders:
A Meta Analysis of 36 studies: Individuals with eating disorders have significantly
elevated mortality rates, with the highest rates occurring in those with AN. The mortality
rates for BN and EDNOS (eating disorder not otherwise specified) are similar. The study
found age at assessment to be a significant predictor of mortality for patients with AN.
Further research is needed to identify predictors of mortality in patients with BN and
EDNOS.
Mortality Rates in Patients with Anorexia Nervosa and other Eating Disorders: A Meta Analysis
of 36 studies
After having done alot of research and alot of thinking, I was much more convinced about the
problem of anorexia being a benefit on an IQ test and the seemingly endless list of reasons why
that was an issue as well as everything that could be helped by looking into this.
As well as how this understanding of anorexia could easily be related to larger societal issues.
This is an extremely important discussion that can fan out to everything if you lead us with your
logic.
I felt strongly that this was exactly where most of our focus should be.
So I wonder if you can see why, when discussing issues related to this with you and
experiencing your repeated use of emotion to defend your stance or discourage me when it was
obvious you hadnt researched anything,
It would make me want to crush you.

It Wasn't That Far Into Doing Research That I Found That Anorexia Was A Benefit On IQ Tests

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It wasnt that far into doing research that I found that study indicating anorexia was a benefit on

Here is a summary of the areas with dysfunction or relationship to conditions or situations in

Relationship to Estimated Intelligence Quotient: (item #120) Review of 30 peer-reviewed

Relationship to Anosognosia: (item #5) Anosognosia, also called "lack of insight," is a

Anosognosia (article on treatment advocacy center)

Common feature of Anorexia Nervosa see (item #5)

The Emotional Blindness of Alexithymia (Scientific American article)

Hippocampus Involvement in Emotion

Amygdala involvement in Emotion

High Joint Hypermobility Prevalence in those with Anorexia: (item #30)

Sex-Differences in Prevalence of Anorexia Nervosa: (item #31)

Anorexia nervosa is linked to reduced brain structure in reward and somatosensory

Kindness- problems perceiving kindness may be a consistent trait related to the

Malevolence- recognizing malevolence may be related to recovery of anorexia nervosa:

Dorsal Anterior Cingulate- ^ dACC resp (corr with perfectionism) + ^dACC-amygdala

Reaction to Punishment in Anorexia- Adolescent AN patients exhibited exaggerated

Evidence suggesting poorer ability to manipulate and process visual-spatial material:

Reduced olfactory perception might be considered a common deficit in anorexia with

Default Mode Network is the:

-Neurological Basis for Self

The putamen plays a role in many different types of learning (wikipedia)

Interpersonal Distrust: ^ perfectionism and interpersonal distrust scores were noticed

Perfectionism- ^ perfectionism and interpersonal distrust scores were noticed subjects

1. Right Anterior Insula: Sign of Diminished Hemodynamic Response

2. Anterior Insula: Increased functional connectivity resting state associated with

4. Left Anterior Insula: Increased activity plus connections.

5. Anosognosia: Common feature of Anorexia Nervosa. Linked to damage in the right

6. Posterior Insula: Elevated pain threshold, which is a less well-recognised feature of

8. Parahippocampal Gyrus: Reduced bilateral parahippocampal gyrus relative to dietary

9. Retrosplenial Cortex: AN group exhibited stronger synchronous activity between the

Saccadic Eye Movements in Anorexia Nervosa

Anorexia Reduces GFAP+ Cell Density in the Rat Hippocampus

Anorexia Reduces GFAP+ Cell Density in the Rat Hippocampus

Anorexia Reduces GFAP+ Cell Density in the Rat Hippocampus

15. Hippocampus: Significant Bilateral Reduction in volume.

Hippocampal volume and cognitive function in Anorexia Nervosa

Life Events and Severe Anorexia Nervosa in Adolescents

Anorexia Nervosa and Schizophrenia in adolescent female

Internalized anger, self-control, and mastery experience in inpatient anorexic adolescents

Alexithymia and Eating Disorders: A critical review of the literature.

22. Frontostriatal Circuit: Functional Disturbances

Amygdala hyperreactivity in restrictive anorexia nervosa.

25. Orthostatic Intolerance: High prevalence

26. Spatial Task Performance: Disruption of spatial task performance.

Subjective Experience of Sensation in Anorexia Nervosa

Subjective Experience of Sensation in Anorexia Nervosa

29. Sensory Sensitivity: Negatively + significantly correlated w. temperament feature of

Subjective Experience of Sensation in Anorexia Nervosa

30. Joint Hypermobility: High prevalence.

31. Sex Differences in Prevalence: 10:1 female-male ratio (DSM)

BINGE / PURGE ANOREXIA VS. BULIMIA: A DSM 5 UPDATE

33. Right Lentiform Nucleus: Regional decrease right lentiform nucleus.

35. Precuneus: Reduced activation in precuneus when processing self-images.

Brains of anorexia nervosa patients process self-images differently from non-self-images: an

39. Right Inferior Parietal Gyrus: Reduced cortical thickness.

40. Superior Parietal Gyrus: Reduced cortical thickness bilaterally.

Neuroimaging in Eating Disorders

Neuroimaging in Eating Disorders

Neuroimaging in Eating Disorders

Anorexia Nervosa associated with Right Frontal brain region

Increased anterior cingulate cortex response precedes behavioural adaptation in anorexia

Gray matter decrease of the anterior cingulate cortex in anorexia nervosa.

55. Interoceptive Awareness: Altered Interoceptive Awareness