Increase Temperature Deep Ocean Crust

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Search: increase temperature deep ocean crust (All the words)

Found: 1261 result(s) on _Full.Search
Date: 8/9/2010 10:51:45 PM
1. Electrical Power Generation from Geothermal Sources

Ocean - large bodies of water up to 3.7 km deep sitting on top of the oceanic crust. ... the deep
water temperature due to solar heating and thermal ...
http://www.mpoweruk.com/geothermal_energy.htm
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2. Ocean Stratification
Temperature and density of ocean water are related inversely: warm water means ... it to sink, or
convect into the deep ocean, and spread southward at depth. ...
http://eesc.columbia.edu/courses/ees/climate/lectures/o_strat.html
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3. Oceanography: Oceans
... deep dent into the smooth bell of Earth's crust, or we must assume that the crust ... Otherwise,
due to increasing solar radiation, the temperature would at least have been 50 ...
http://www.seafriends.org.nz/oceano/oceans.htm
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4. Women Exploring the Oceans

Women Exploring the WomenOceanographers.org Home About Us Site Map XML/RSS Wen-lu Zhu
When Wen-lu Zhu picks up a rock, she sees more than a static ob
http://www.womenoceanographers.org/Default.aspx?pid=E1E3254E-1C80-4e6d-ABBF-1EC5F5436C
3E&id=WenluZhu
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5. Astro-Venture Geology Training Script

Scientist Feedback: A fast-moving lithosphere would create ocean crust so ... but under the
extreme pressure and temperature deep within the Earth, it moves very slowly. ... The oceans
would flood the land and volcanoes would increase. ...
http://astroventure.arc.nasa.gov/geology/training/AVStraining_geol.html
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6. Earth's Interior & Formation of Magmas

To produce basaltic magmas by melting of the basaltic oceanic crust would .... into the same area
of the crust may cause further increases in temperature, ... crustal rocks are pushed to deeper
levels where temperatures are higher, ...
http://www.tulane.edu/~sanelson/eens211/earths_interior.htm
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7. Europas Crust and Ocean: Origin, Composition, and the Prospects for Life
May 2008 - ...such as (iii) a thin global or patchy liquid ocean beneath a thick, convecting ice crust
and a brittle lithosphere, or (iv) a deep liquid ocean between an outer thick convecting ice crust
and surface brittle lithosphere, and an inner...
http://www.planetary.brown.edu/pdfs/2440.pdf
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8. Evolving Earth: Plate Tectonics

Pressure increase drives materials into a solid form, whereas temperature increase drives ... of
ocean and continental crust we derived earlier (70% ocean, with ...
http://www.globalchange.umich.edu/globalchange1/current/lectures/evolving_earth/evolving_earth
_ext.html
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9. Glimpse at Earth's crust deep below Atlantic Ocean

http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2009/11/091112103411.htm
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10. IODP Logging Summary

The locations of deep drill holes into the oceanic crust of Hole 1256D and ..... the increasing
density of the rocks due to progressively higher temperature ...
http://iodp.ldeo.columbia.edu/LOG_SUM/309_312/
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11. Lani Aina Kai - OCN 201 Plate Tectonics

Continental crust float higher on mantle rock than oceanic crust because it is: ... Oceanic
lithosphere subducts at the deep ocean trenches. ... Increasing age of ocean floor - the sea floor
gets older ... The higher temperature results in oceanic lithosph
http://www.laniainakai.com/ocean/files/ocean_notes/ocean_plate_tectonics.html
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12. NASA - Earth

At the base of Earth's crust, the temperature is about 1800 degrees F (1000 degrees C). ...
Pressure also increases with depth. At a depth of 1 mile (1.6 kilometers) ... It also brings nutrients
up from the deep ocean to the surface, .... Material from Ear
http://www.nasa.gov/worldbook/earth_worldbook.html
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13. PLATE TECTONICS

The increase in temperature and pressure with depth and the melting temperature of the ...
sediments on the ocean crust, mainly shells and fragments ...
http://www.math.montana.edu/~nmp/gnESS/plate%20tectonics.htm
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14. Report of the "Conference on the Magnetization of Ocean Crust ...

Evidence that the deeper crust, particularly the gabbroic section, may contribute ... Crustal
magnetizations then increase with age to a maximum during the ... ocean crust, then other
processes, such as the inhibition of low temperature ...
http://deeptow.whoi.edu/conf.html
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15. Slab Of Sunken Ocean Floor Found Deep Within Earth

Deep within Earth, halfway to its center in an area where Earth's core meets its mantle, lies a
massive folded slab of rock that once was the ocean floor, reports a ...
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16. Midocean Ridges

The resulting ocean crust rocks are coarse-grained intrusive gabbros and fine ... is true for all
midocean ridges and ocean crust indicating that only process has ...
http://myweb.cwpost.liu.edu/vdivener/notes/MOR.htm
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17. Notes - Plate Tectonics: from Crust to Ocean

The Mantle - Crust - Ocean - Mantle cycle - the Earth's geochemical and biological reservoirs. ...
temperature of the Earth would increase because weathering as a ...
http://instruct.uwo.ca/earth-sci/300b-001/erthsys2.htm
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18. Ocean 540: Conduction

May 2004 - ...through the ocean crust. These are processes that shape the ocean basins,
imparting...migration into the crust, to transfer of...transported, and the temperature gradient. In
1...0.04 surficial ocean sediment 0.9 2x10...estimate the temperatu
http://www2.ocean.washington.edu/oc540/lec01-3
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19. Oceanography
... the shoreline of a continent and the deep ocean basins where continental crust and oceanic
crust are joined. ... rapid decrease in temperature with increasing depth which occurs ...
http://mtsu32.mtsu.edu:11407/100oceans.html
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20. PLATE TECTONICS: Lecture 2

... of most silicate minerals increase with increasing pressures. So temperatures of ... In: TALWANI,
M. et al. (eds) Deep Drilling Results in the Atlantic Ocean: Ocean Crust.
http://www.le.ac.uk/geology/art/gl209/lecture2/lecture2.html
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21. Amateur Geologist Structured Geological Glossary: The Earth

... depth within the earth's crust where the temperature and pressure have risen to ... Deep
(elevation -11,033 meters) in the Marianas Trench of the Pacific Ocean. ...
http://www.amateurgeologist.com/content/glossary/earth/earth.html
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As temperature increases with depth, the corresponding pressure increase is not ... of ocean and
continental crust we derived earlier (70% ocean, with ...
http://www.globalchange.umich.edu/globalchange1/current/lectures/evolving_earth/evolving_earth
.html
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23. Glossary - Resources - OceanWorld

Sep 2004 - ...and transport heat from ocean to ocean and from equator to poles to maintain
Earth's temperature Horizontal Pressure Gradient...of the Earth's upper crust, ocean and
atmosphere includes...gets trapped in pockets deep inside the Earth. When...
http://oceanworld.tamu.edu/resources/glossary.htm
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24. Introduction to Physical Oceanography

Areas of deep winter convection are the Weddell Sea and the Ross Sea ... Southern Ocean and the
Greenland Sea and the Labrador Sea in the Arctic region. ...
http://www.es.flinders.edu.au/~mattom/IntroOc/lecture05.html
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25. Jupiter, Jupiter Information, Facts, News, Photos - National ...

... A liquid ocean may lie beneath the frozen crust of ... Deep in the atmosphere, the pressure and
temperature increase, compressing the ...
http://science.nationalgeographic.com/science/space/solar-system/jupiter-article.html
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26. Kandi Poulsen

Deep ocean circulation is often referred to as a thermohaline ... So an increase in the temperature
produces an increase in the amount of water vapor. ...
http://ags.ou.edu/~kkpoulse/sciencemidterm.html
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27. NASA's Solar System Exploration: Planets: Jupiter: Overview

NASA's Solar System Exploration: Planets: Jupiter: Overview + NASA Homepage + NASA en
Español + Contact NASA SSE Home > Planets > Jup
http://solarsystem.nasa.gov/planets/profile.cfm?Object=Jupiter&Display=OverviewLong
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28. NOAA Ocean Explorer: Submarine Ring of Fire 2002: Background

Exploring for Hydrothermal Systems in the Deep Ocean ... At ridges, the ocean crust is created,
while at island arcs ... can be physical measurements such as changes in temperature ...
http://oceanexplorer.noaa.gov/explorations/02fire/background/plumes/plumes.html
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29. Ocean and Crust of an Accreting Neutron Star

The Ocean and Crust of a Rapidly Accreting Neutron Star: Implications ... minimum temperature in
the deep crust and the resulting maximum possible Ohmic diffusion time there. ...
http://www.iop.org/EJ/article/0004-637X/496/2/915/36891.text.html
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30. Ocean properties

The ocean's physical properties like temperature, salinity and density are crucial to the ... The deep
sea has a temperature of -1ºC. Why are the middle of winter ...
http://www.seafriends.org.nz/oceano/oceans2.htm
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31. Ocean thermal energy conversion: Definition from Answers.com

ocean thermal-energy conversion ( 'osh?n 'th?rm?l 'en?rje k?n'v?rzh?n ) ( mechanical engineering )
The conversion of energy arising from the
http://www.answers.com/topic/ocean-thermal-energy-conversion
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32. Oceanography 104

(2) Three ocean basins: Pacific (1/2 of all oceans), Atlantic and ... 1/2 of crust forms extensive, flat,
deep ocean plains. (2) Pressure in the Oceans: increase of 1 atmosphere ...
http://jove.geol.niu.edu/faculty/loubere/Oc1041W04.htm
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33. PERMEABILITY WITHIN BASALTIC OCEANIC CRUST Andrew T. Fisher Earth...

May 2004 - ...WITHIN BASALTIC OCEANIC CRUST Andrew T. Fisher Earth...between basaltic
oceanic crust and the overlying ocean. Permeability is the...how it changes as the crust ages.
Core-scale...calculations made from borehole temperature and flow meter log
http://es.ucsc.edu/~afisher/CVpubs/pubs/Fisher1998_RG_PermBOC.pdf
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34. Unusual Snail Discovered in Indian Ocean

Nov 15, 2003 ... Black smokers eject high-temperature, dark water—water that was once trapped
in molten rock beneath the Earth's crust. ... unstable compounds, may be more stable at the
increased pressures found deep in the ocean. ...
http://animals.about.com/b/2003/11/15/unusual-snail-discovered-in-depths-of-indian-ocean.htm
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35. Amateur Geologist Structured Geological Glossary: The Ocean

The oceanic crust is mostly basalt, undeformed, and, due to plate ... "A long and narrow deep
trough in the sea floor; interpreted as marking the line ...
http://www.amateurgeologist.com/content/glossary/ocean/ocean.html
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36. Microsoft Word - Chapter 11 Website Corrected with figure

nature and significance of surface, wind-driven circulation and the ... sensitive to temperature,
which ranges between 0° C and 30° C at. the ocean surface before ...
http://cw.routledge.com/textbooks/9780415395168/resources/chapter11manual.pdf
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37. MINUTES SSEP MEETING Oct 28-31, 1997- UNDER CONSTRUCTION

Jun 1998 - ...developments in mid-ocean ridge science since...penetration rate, temperature,
depth, RPM...in zero-age crust and rubbly formations...fact that drilling deep holes into oceanic...to
3-3.5 km deep into ocean crust. The JR is designed...
http://www.earth.rochester.edu/issep/architecture.html
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38. NUMERICAL SIMULATION OF PRECIPITATION INDUCED BY HOT MID ...

Mid-ocean ridges are significant features of the earth's crust. They ... range rise to over 2500
meters above the nearby floor of the deep-ocean basin. ...
http://www.icr.org/index.php?module=research&action=index&page=researchp_lv_r04&mode=pri
nt
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39. Palaeos Mesozoic: Cretaceous: The Cretaceous Period: p. 1

One school holds that iron released by new continental crust may have been responsible for
massive blooms leading to the Mid-Cretaceous black shales and anoxic deep-ocean conditions.
Ocean crust was forming at a record rate, with all the usual geological b
http://palaeos.com/Mesozoic/Cretaceous/Cretaceous.htm
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40. Tools & Techniques of Deep Ocean Geography

Jun 2004 - ...seen a dramatic increase in support for...boundaries. Ocean geography as...studies of
the deep ocean realm...DSL 120 of the Deep Submergence...m above the ocean floor,
300...conductivity, and temperature data (Fornari...along the mid-ocean ri
http://dusk.geo.orst.edu/pg/
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41. AN OCEAN ON EUROPA - THE HISTORY OF AN IDEA

An historical article about the ideas that Jupiter's moon Europa might have an ocean under its icy
crust and that life might possibly evolve in such an environment.An ...
http://www.math.washington.edu/~greenber/EuropaHistory.html
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42. Could You Ever Dig a Hole to China? (Children's Encyclopedia of ...
Here, in a Pacific Ocean canyon called the Challenger Deep, these ... the problems of exploring
deep underground, the temperature also increases with depth. Near the base of the crust ...
http://www.daviddarling.info/childrens_encyclopedia/Dig_a_Hole_to_China_Chapter5.html
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43. Deep and High-temperature Hydrothermal Circulation in the Oman ...

The existence of a simultaneous deeper and higher-temperature ...... as the inverse zoning is
consistent with an increase of water pressure ..... Dehydration of subducted oceanic crust in
subduction zones can generate hydrous fluids. ...
http://petrology.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/content/full/45/6/1181
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44. MEphysics
earth's crust divided into a number of large plates bounded by ridges and ... wind, waves, tides,
currents, temperature. A. Temperature and Vertical Stratification ...
http://www.esf.edu/efb/schulz/marineecology/MEPhysical.html
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45. NOAA Ocean Explorer: The State of Ocean Science

Mar 2009 - ...ocean, only 16 per cent. of which has a mean temperature under 40° F. The
temperature over nearly whole of the floor of the Indian Ocean in deep water is under 35° F. A
similar temperature occurs over a large part of the South Atlantic...
http://www.oceanexplorer.noaa.gov/library/readings/science/science.html
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46. Ocean Basin Profiles Description

is derived from radiometric dating of ocean crust samples from deep drilling, dating of index fossils
... by temperature and cooling causes the lithosphere to increase in ...
http://web.ics.purdue.edu/~braile/eas100/hwk3.pdf
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47. Ocean Sciences 101—The Marine Environment Midterm Exam NAME:_

D. salinity and pressure increase and temperature decreases. ... of salinity and temperature. B.
processes at depth add and subtract salt and heat. ...
http://ic.ucsc.edu/~ammoore/ocea101/practice_mid-term-exam1.pdf
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48. Pacific Ocean - Encyclopedia of Earth

The ocean temperatures in the North Pacific tend to be ... Called El Niño, this periodic increase in
temperature ... Extreme 2004: Exploring the Deep Frontier-Pacific Ocean.
http://www.eoearth.org/article/Pacific_Ocean
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49. Seawater: Composition

Temperature, salinity and pressure affect the density of seawater. Large water masses of different
densities are important in the layering of the ocean water (more dense water sinks). As
temperature increases water becomes less dense. As salinity increases
http://www.marinebio.net/marinescience/02ocean/swcomposition.htm
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50. Terms and Definitions

Terms and Definitions Looking for a Home Business? Try this! Contents | What's New | Image
Index | Copyright | Puzzles | ScienceViews | Search | T
http://www.solarviews.com/eng/terms.htm
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51. The Earth At Work

Jan 16, 2005 ... Temperature and pressure increase steadily with depth throughout the earth but
.... Why even mention oceanic crust in a web site about Colorado geology? ... In well-developed,
sediment-starved deep ocean basins like the ...
http://www.cliffshade.com/colorado/tectonics.htm
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52. Virtual Vacationland: Bathymetry

You can clearly see that the seafloor has linear ridges and deep trenches. ... quickly seafloor crust
is created at mid-ocean ridges or lost at deep trenches ...
http://www.bigelow.org/virtual/bath_sub2.html
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53. WHOI : Oceanus : The Cauldron Beneath the Seafloor

WHOI : Oceanus : The Cauldron Beneath the Seafloor ... be tempered somewhat by
lower-temperature weathering of the shallow crust away from the ridges, which removes ...
http://www.whoi.edu/oceanus/viewArticle.do?id=2401
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54. 1 Creation and evolution of the oceanic lithosphere: contributions...

Aug 2002 - ...seawater through the ocean crust and mantle must...chemistry, global
ocean-atmosphere cycles...populations exist deep within the oceanic crust has spurred
interest...activity radically increase the surface area...organisms with depth, tempera
http://canadaodp.earthsciences.dal.ca/new/drilling_proposal/gillis.pdf
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55. A Great Carbon Dioxide Burp

If this theory is correct, we would expect to see large transfers of carbon from the ocean to the
atmosphere at the end of each ice age or glacial period. ... If correct, this theory provides evidence
of a large release of carbon dioxide that suddenly and
http://cleanenergysector.com/2010/06/a-great-carbon-dioxide-burp
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56. Definition of a Plume

... crust and subducted seamount chains may survive in the mantle for long times and will not be
averaged ... of the shallow mantle under deep, mature and fast spreading ridges, at ...
http://www.mantleplumes.org/DefinitionOfAPlume2.html
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57. Dive and Discover : Expedition 8 : Juan de Fuca Ridge

Dive and Discover : Expedition 8 : Juan de Fuca Ridge Home | Choose an Expedition | Discovery |
For Teachers | Contact Juan de Fuca Ridge Expedition
http://www.divediscover.whoi.edu/expedition8/index.html
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58. Introduction to Ocean Sciences, 2e
The continents and ocean basins are continually being reshaped by a ... of crust rise and fall
isostatically as temperature changes alter their density and as ...
http://www.wwnorton.com/college/geo/oceansci/ch/04/welcome.asp
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59. Ocean - The Canadian Encyclopedia

Island arcs and deep-sea trenches are formed where oceanic crust is moving under ... The density
of seawater is determined by its temperature and salinity, ... Any mechanism that causes mixing of
ocean waters to increase nutrients in ...
http://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.com/index.cfm?PgNm=TCE&Params=A1ARTA0005871
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60. Ocean Drilling Program: Leg 206 Preliminary Report

Mar 2009 - ...from in situ ocean crust, by drilling a deep hole into basement...this pace of ocean
spreading...1964), crust formed at fast...successful deep sampling of...contribution of deep plutonic
rocks...variability of the ocean crust and provides...
http://www-odp.tamu.edu/publications/prelim/206_prel/prel6.html
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61. Ocean Planet: Popular Science - Creatures of the Thermal Vents

... tube worms can increase in length at a rate of more than 33 inches per year, ... Vents form
where the planet's crustal plates are slowly spreading apart ... Vent bacteria can withstand higher
temperatures than any other organism. ... the water temperat
http://seawifs.gsfc.nasa.gov/OCEAN_PLANET/HTML/ps_vents.html
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62. Ocean Temperatures And Sea Level Increases 50 Percent Higher Than ...
New research suggests that ocean temperature and associated sea level increases ... New
discoveries about the deep ocean's temperature ... Geophysicists Show That Crust Temperature ...
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63. Oceanography - Crystalinks

... deep-sea drilling and seismic profiling of the terrestrial crust below the ocean bottom. ... the
oceanic crust is dense and thin. Both the continental and oceanic crust lie over ...
http://www.crystalinks.com/oceanography.html
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64. Oceanography 104

Topics: metric system, ocean basin features, ocean temperature, pressure, light. ... crust forms
extensive, flat, deep ocean plains. (2) Pressure in the Oceans: increase of ...
http://jove.geol.niu.edu/faculty/loubere/Oc104Sum206.htm
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65. Paleoclimates, ocean depth, and the oxygen isotopic ...

A modest increase in ocean depth with time, together with progressive ... deep crust as a function
of high temperature alteration in deep crustal ...
http://www.geosc.psu.edu/~kasting/PersonalPage/Pdf/Kasting_et_al_EPSL_06.pdf
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66. Physical Geology: Earth Revealed

3. Ages of rocks from holes drilled into the ocean crust show progressive. increase from the ridge
to the land. ... (b) a deep ocean probably existed at the site where. we now have ...
http://courseweb.glendale.edu/ppal/Word%20files/101F05T1.pdf
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67. Quickie Questions - Extraordinary Earth - Interior/Surface

how deep is the earths crust? Crust, the upper ... Also, ocean crust is made of denser minerals
than continental crust. The temperatures of the crust ... around the Earth would increase ...
http://www.windows2universe.org/kids_space/qearth_int.html
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68. Realistic Mohole using D/V Chikyu

ocean crust and the uppermost mantle, which allows us to properly interpret the ... be a deep
reference hole of the ocean crust and of the uppermost ...
http://www.marum.de/Binaries/Binary42463/Seama_Mohole.pdf
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69. Ridge 2000 Program | Science Plan

Home page of Ridge 2000, an interdisciplinary research program sponsored by the National ... and
material from Earth's deep mantle to the crust and ocean. Life without sunlight ...
http://www.ridge2000.org/science/info/science_plan.php
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70. The Dynamic Earth: A Geologic Primer

The crust (both continental and oceanic) is the thin layer of distinctive chemical ... the conditions of
pressure and temperature steadily increase. The rocks become hotter and ...
http://www.washington.edu/burkemuseum/geo_history_wa/The%20Restless%20Earth%20v.2.0.ht
m
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71. Thermocline - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

The temperature of the deep ocean drops gradually with depth. ... The coldest air is next to the
ground, with air temperature increasing with height. ...
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thermocline
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72. Volcanic Accomplice

Abbott is unsure of the exact mechanisms that would strengthen an existing plume, but one
possibility is that increasing temperature differentials between the core and the mantle would cause
fingerlings of hot core rock to enter the earth's crust.
http://dhushara.freehosting.net/book/upd/aug201/dec.htm
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Women Exploring the WomenOceanographers.org Home About Us Site Map XML/RSS Claudia
Benitez-Nelson Claudia Benitez-Nelson is a physical chemist who us
3E&id=BenitezNelson
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Women Exploring the WomenOceanographers.org Home About Us Site Map XML/RSS Melanie
Holland Melanie looks for thermophiles (organisms growing at high
3E&id=MelanieSummit
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75. [PDF]Iron and sulfide oxidation within the basaltic ocean crust ...
Most of the low-temperature alteration of upper ocean crust takes place in the flanks of ....
Average FeOtotal, Fe3/Fe, and S for deep boreholes in basaltic ocean crust. .... increase mainly
within the first 10 Myr of crustal evolution, ...
http://www.ifa.hawaii.edu/~meech/a740/2004/fall/papers/BachGCA.pdf
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76. ARM - Education: Teachers' Lounge

... increase in average temperature would cause the volume of the ocean water to increase by ... at
work in the solid Earth, perhaps in the deep earth crust. In the first case, one ...
http://education.arm.gov/teacherslounge/background/seasurface.stm
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77. Attracting Attention to Ourselves

Jul 25, 2007 ... Talk to the people of Venice Italy about their rising ocean. ... There was no global
temperature increase during this time period. ... neither, sun flares, nor energy from deep space
striking the earth's magnetic field. ... from the upper
http://ufos.about.com/b/2007/07/25/attracting-attention-to-ourselves.htm
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78. Cut CO2 emission by 75 %

The deep ocean temperature has especially gone down during the last 15 million years. ... Cooler
surface temperature is offset by increasing temperature in layers of seawater ...
http://www.optocleaner.com/Cut_CO2_emission.htm
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79. -Earth crust

Owing to increasing temperature and pressure with depth, the metamorphic grade of rocks ... The
surface of the ocean crust, except for some locally high ...
http://egeology.blogfa.com/post-119.aspx
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80. Earth, Interior Structure: World of Earth Science

... and ophiolite, originate deep in the crust and ... depressions for the ocean basins, while the
lighter continental crust rests ... to be accompanied by an abrupt temperature increase ...
http://www.enotes.com/earth-science/earth-interior-structure
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81. Earth's Interior & Plate Tectonics

Earth's Interior & Plate Tectonics Looking for a Home Business? Try this! Contents | What's New |
Image Index | Copyright | Puzzles | Scie
http://www.solarviews.com/eng/earthint.htm
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82. Igneous and Metamorphic Rocks

Near the surface in ordinary crust, the temperature rises some 30 ... while deformation deep in the
crust occurs more plastically ... super-charged fluids come out of brand-new ocean crust ...
http://topex.ucsd.edu/es10/lectures/lecture16/lecture16.html
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83. INTRODUCTION TO THE OCEANS
oceanic crust is constantly produced) and subduction zones, also called deep-sea ... The average
temperature of deep-ocean water is only 2°C (36°F) ...
http://www.survey.ntua.gr/main/labs/hgeod/Marine_geodesy/Notes/Binder1_LN_Intro_Oceans.pdf
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84. Methanogenesis, Mesospheric Clouds, And Global Habitability

This life is widespread at depths in the crust of the earth, just as life has recently been identified in
numerous ocean vents and geysers. ... The current trend in anthropogenic CH4-increase is a
contemporary analogue of a "methane burp" ... they could ha
http://geo.arc.nasa.gov/sgp/aero/aerocloud3.html
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85. Obama Picks His Green Team

Dec 16, 2008 ... His family has deep roots in the American West that go back 400 years. .... the
sun going nova, methane gases leaking from the ocean's floor, or green house gases, ... There was
no global temperature increase during this time period. ... f
http://environment.about.com/b/2008/12/16/obama-picks-his-green-team.htm
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86. Ocean Basins

At the base of the layered gabbros there is a sharp increase ... was once thought to suggest that
continental crust ... because, even though ocean sediment exists in the deep ocean ...
http://www.tulane.edu/~sanelson/geol212/ocean_basins.htm
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87. Ocean geochemistry

Ocean geochemistry Ocean geochemistry An ocean parentage It is known, that almost three
quarters of a surface are coated by ocean waters.
http://the-geologist.info/articles/5-ocean-geochemistry
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88. Oil Spill Deep Ocean Crust

ocean is about 5,000 feet deep and drill another 30,000 feet into the crust of ... Deep in the
atmosphere, the pressure and temperature increase, compressing the ...
http://www.scribd.com/doc/33440786/Oil-Spill-Deep-Ocean-Crust
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89. RealClimate: Why greenhouse gases heat the ocean

... RSMAS) Observations of ocean temperatures have revealed that the ocean heat content has
been increasing ... Or take a dive into a deep lake ... If one analyses the crust and oceans ...
http://www.realclimate.org/index.php/archives/2006/09/why-greenhouse-gases-heat-the-ocean/
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90. STS-59
STS-59 STS-59 (62) Endeavour (6) Pad 39-A (50) 62nd Shuttle Mission 6th Flight OV-105 EAFB
Landing (40) Crew: Sidney M. Gutierrez (2), Commander Kevin
http://science.ksc.nasa.gov/shuttle/missions/sts-59/mission-sts-59.html
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91. Swedish Crematorium Latest Source of Alternative Energy

Dec 22, 2008 ... Talk to the people of Venice Italy about their rising ocean. ... There was no global
temperature increase during this time period. ... neither, sun flares, nor energy from deep space
striking the earth's magnetic field. ... from the upper
http://environment.about.com/b/2008/12/22/swedish-crematorium-latest-source-of-alternative-ene
rgy.htm
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92. 101F05T1.doc.doc.doc
temperatures inside the earth increase faster than on earth's surface. ... a deep ocean probably
existed at the site where. we now have Himalayas, ...
http://courseweb.glendale.edu/ppal/Word%20files/101F05T1.doc
85%
93. Abiotic Oil and Barack Obama

Aug 15, 2008 ... How does it explain the deep Brazilian deposits, which are in an exactly analogous
setting? ... Since, the crust doesn't have these minerals it's inconsistent that ..... It is about stability
of oil (time and temperature). ... hinges on ex
http://geology.about.com/b/2008/08/15/abiotic-oil-and-barack-obama.htm
85%
94. Agriculture, Issue 2, Evidence

Proceedings of the Standing Senate Committee on Agriculture and Forestry Issue 2 - Evidence
OTTAWA, Thursday, November 21, 2002 The Standing Senate Committee on Agriculture and
Forestry
http://www.parl.gc.ca/37/2/parlbus/commbus/senate/com-e/agri-e/02ev-e.htm?language=e&parl=
37&ses=2&comm_id=2
85%
95. Catalog Page for PIA04652

... active spreading center in the middle of the Atlantic ocean where new crust is being created).
Future GRACE gravity models are expected to increase the resolution further. ... satellite altimetry
and ship measurements of temperature and salt. ... Color
http://photojournal.jpl.nasa.gov/catalog/pia04652
85%
96. Climate Change News:

... both the large scale ice age periods and the smaller ebb and flow of glacial and ... temperature
increase that would make the ice sheets melt leading to rising oceans and ...
http://www.enn.com/climate/article/41374/print
85%
97. Earth system Science I

... and the other by the continents; a discontinuous hydrosphere and polar ice cap; and a ... Ocean.
Complete consumption of oceanic crust may lead to the collision of continental ...
http://instruct.uwo.ca/earth-sci/300b-001/erthsys1.htm
85%
98. Earth's Interior

Oceanic Crust Mohorovicic discontinuity Lithosphere Asthenosphere ... P-wave ( primary wave)
velocity in general increases with increasing density .... in aluminous orthopyroxene at low pressure
and temperature will “dry out” olivine, ... oceanic crust
http://whatonearth.olehnielsen.dk/interior.asp
85%
99. Evidence for a Young Earth from the Ocean and Atmosphere
By Larry Vardiman, PhD Introduction The earth was created by God as the most beautiful ... A very
small increase in ocean temperature will release a massive amount of carbon ...
http://www.icr.org/article/2978/
85%
100. Geologists discover new class of spreading ridge on sea bottom
http://search.eurekalert.org/e3/cs.html?url=http://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2003-11/nsf-g
dn112403.php&charset=iso-8859-1&qt=+increase++temperature++deep++ocean++cr
ust&col=ev3rel&n=1&la=en
85%
101. Glossary
These extensive, featureless regions of the deep ocean floor constitute Earth's flattest surfaces. ...
that the world's average temperature is increasing due to the burning ...
http://www.mcbi.org/shining_sea/glossary.htm
85%
102. Heat Flow, Mantle Convescion and Plate Tectonics

Temperatures are measured going down the drill hole and establish a temperature gradient. ...
ocean ridges and is at a minimum over the convergent plate boundaries, deep ocean ...
http://darkwing.uoregon.edu/~drt/Classes/201_99/Rice/Tectonics.html
85%
103. Iceland: Go with the floe

1899/12/30 Revealing an alien landscape, fabulous ice formations, spectacular waterfalls and a
museum devoted to mammalian parts others dare not show, a drive around Iceland's 830-mile
'ring-road' in winter proved an eye-opener for Chris Heath.
http://www.telegraph.co.uk/travel/destinations/europe/iceland/7156105/Iceland-Go-with-the-floe.h
tml
85%
104. Managing Cystic Fibrosis-Related Diabetes (CFRD): An Instruction Guide for Patients &
Families
... and meat substitutes have varied amounts of fat. Increase calories by choosing higher-fat meats
and cheeses and using high-fat cooking methods such as frying and deep-frying. Lower Fat Higher
Fat USDA Select or ...
http://www.cff.org/UploadedFiles/LivingWithCF/StayingHealthy/Diet/Diabetes/CFRD-Manual-4th-edi
tion.pdf
85%
105. Metamorphism and Metamorphic Rocks

Increasing temperature can be caused by burial or intrusion of magma, and results in: ... floor
sediments, ocean crust fragments, and various low-temperature high-pressure ...
http://www.geo.ua.edu/intro03/Meta.html
85%
106. METHANE HYDRATE EXPLORATION ON MARS: A TEST BED FOR ...

(such as the putative deep mantle ocean of Europa). On Mars, as on Earth, it is expected ... is
constrained by the increase in crustal. temperature and pressure that occurs with ...
http://www.lpi.usra.edu/meetings/sixthmars2003/pdf/3160.pdf
85%
107. Methods and systems for utilizing waste sources of metal oxides
Patent #: 7754169
http://patft1.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO2&Sect2=HITOFF&u=/netahtml/PTO/search
-adv.htm&r=1&f=G&l=50&d=PTXT&s1=increase+AND+temperature+AND+deep+AND+ocean+AN
D+crust&p=1
85%
108. Oceanic Environment

The Pacific is the largest ocean, ringed by volcanoes and trenches, few marginal seas ... crust is in
continual motion overlying the mantle, and the features of the ocean floor ...
http://www.csun.edu/~sd51881/ocean_env.html
85%
109. Our Ocean Planet - Exploring the depths

Extreme deep-sea hydrothermal ... in many places on the ocean floor. A vent opens where the
Earth's crust is ... The recent increase in global temperature has caused ...
http://ec.europa.eu/research/rtdinfsup/en/depth.htm
85%
110. Palaeos: The Mesozoic Era

First, the temperature gradient from North to South became almost flat -- much ... never
completely decomposed because of lack of deep ocean oxygen. ...
http://www.palaeos.com/Mesozoic/Mesozoic.htm
85%
111. Statement of James E. Hansen 1. Identification, Credentials

the deep ocean. Blue bars show the times at which ice sheets were present in each ... between the
Earth's crust and surface. reservoirs (atmosphere, ocean, soil and biosphere) ...
http://www.columbia.edu/~jeh1/mailings/2008/20080910_Kingsnorth.pdf
85%
112. Subduction Zones

... therefore temperature ... of ocean crust at deep ocean ... young ocean crust at the midocean
ridge. As the subducting ocean crust sinks deeper into the mantle, the pressure increases
http://myweb.cwpost.liu.edu/vdivener/notes/subd_zone.htm
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113. terrestrial
The greenhouse effect raised temperatures by as much as 7.7C, the deep ocean water warming by
15C. As a result, the polar ice melted, and sea level rose 100m. Coral reefs developed closer to the
poles than today by 1500 kilometres. Oceanic crust production
http://palaeo.gly.bris.ac.uk/Palaeofiles/Angiosperms/environmental.htm
85%
114. The Dialectics of Geology

From the cool thin crust, down 50 kilometres, the temperature is about 800°C. ... of an ocean
under a continent, rocks can be buried very deep in the crust. ...
http://www.marxist.com/science-old/dialecticsofgeology.html
85%
115. The Geology of the Sea

... temperature gases were absorbed into the molten rock (magma) and churned deep ... core,
deep ocean trenches are created. Thin oceanic crust forms at the mid-ocean ridges ...
http://www.dtmag.com/Stories/Ocean%20Science/08-01-1feature.htm
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116. Thermohaline circulation

The water of the great world ocean is, like its crust and ... and a half - almost a mile - deep),
where tropical warmth increases ... the density variations produced by temperature ...
http://www.killerinourmidst.com/THC.html
85%
117. Tracing oil reserves to their tiny origins...

2010/08/03 STLtoday.com
http://c.moreover.com/click/here.pl?l3028974554
85%
118. "Get a Straight Answer"

"Get a Straight Answer" Site Map Get a Straight Answer Please note! Listed below are questions
submitted by users of "From Stargazers t
http://www-istp.gsfc.nasa.gov/stargaze/StarFAQ3.htm
84%
119. 2006 August — Gravity Control

A very complex picture indeed, which indicates that an increase in non-uniform distortions can be
anticipated to dramatically affect the stability of our planet, especially the surface crust.
http://www.gravitycontrol.org/blog/2006/08/
84%
120. Abiotic Environment: Physical Factors

earth's crust divided into a number of large plates bounded by ridges and trenches -7 ... pycnocline
depth of rapid density change (caused by either temperature or salinity) ...
http://rds.yahoo.com/_ylt=A0oG77OacFtMI2kBCkKEzbkF;_ylu=X3oDMTByMTNuNTZzBHNlYwNzcgR
wb3MDMgRjb2xvA2FjMgR2dGlkAw--/SIG=12fqkpcse/EXP=1281147418/**http://www.esf.edu/efb/
schulz/marineecology/MEPhysical.html
84%
121. AGU journal highlights - 6 October 2005
http://search.eurekalert.org/e3/cs.html?url=http://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2005-10/agu-
ajh100605.php&charset=iso-8859-1&qt=+increase++temperature++deep++ocean++cr
84%
122. AGU Journal Highlights -- July 12, 2007

2. Transatlantic data reveal changing temperature and salinity. To monitor how climate change will
affect the ocean, data bases spanning long time records over wide geographic areas are of critical
importance. In 2004, temperature Cunningham and Alderson a
http://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2007-07/agu-ajh071207.php
84%
123. AGU journal highlights: Nov. 11, 2008
84%
124. April Geology and GSA Today media highlights
http://search.eurekalert.org/e3/cs.html?url=http://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2008-03/gsoa
-aga032508.php&charset=iso-8859-1&qt=+increase++temperature++deep++ocean++
crust&col=ev3rel&n=2&la=en
84%
125. April GEOLOGY and GSA TODAY media highlights
84%
126. Biogeochemical reactor

Patent #: 7531089
D+crust&p=1
84%
127. Breaking Orbit: Moons: March 2010 Archives

... flyby also revealed more subtle temperature differences around ... shows signs of having an
ocean under an ... water or slushy ice lurks deep below the ...
http://blogs.nationalgeographic.com/blogs/news/breakingorbit/moons/2010/03/
84%
128. Breaking Orbit: Solar System: March 2010 Archives

... flyby also revealed more subtle temperature differences around ... shows signs of having an
ocean under an ... water or slushy ice lurks deep below the ...
http://blogs.nationalgeographic.com/blogs/news/breakingorbit/solar-system/2010/03/
84%
129. Collapsible gel articles

Patent #: 7661164
D+crust&p=1
84%
130. Continental drift

Earthquakes occur deep below the surface. i. Ocean crust is destroyed in .... If the temperature is
increased, the speed of sound increases; thus, ...
http://teacher2.smithtown.k12.ny.us/sgessler/continentaldrift.htm
84%
131. crust 2003: Movie and film review from Answers.com

Due to increasing temperature and pressure with depth, the metamorphic grade of rocks ... The
ocean crust represents the youngest and geologically most dynamic portion of the ...
http://rds.yahoo.com/_ylt=A0oG77CYcFtMsAYBeU.EzbkF;_ylu=X3oDMTBybjIxbDhlBHNlYwNzcgRwb
3MDMARjb2xvA2FjMgR2dGlkAw--/SIG=11mnns2l2/EXP=1281147416/**http://www.answers.com/t
opic/crust
84%
132. Debates - Issue 5 - February 10, 2004

Debates of the Senate (Hansard) 3rd Session, 37th Parliament, Volume 141, Issue 5 Tuesday,
February 10, 2004 The Honourable Dan Hays, Speaker SENATORS' STATEMENTS The
Honourable
http://www.parl.gc.ca/37/3/parlbus/chambus/senate/deb-e/005db_2004-02-10-e.htm?language=e
&parl=37&ses=3
84%
133. Deep biosphere research points to new methods for recovering petroleum
http://search.eurekalert.org/e3/cs.html?url=http://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2008-10/asu-
dbr100708.php&charset=iso-8859-1&qt=+increase++temperature++deep++ocean++cr
84%
134. Definition of a Plume

... modest temperature anomalies are contested [see Primary magmas at mid-ocean ridges] ...
increase by about 10°C/km. This is one way to explain the higher temperature magmas that ...
http://rds.yahoo.com/_ylt=A0oG77OacFtMI2kBCUKEzbkF;_ylu=X3oDMTBybnZlZnRlBHNlYwNzcgRw
b3MDMQRjb2xvA2FjMgR2dGlkAw--/SIG=128ul0acd/EXP=1281147418/**http://www.mantleplumes
.org/DefinitionOfAPlume2.html
84%
135. doi:10.1016/j.icarus.2003.11.026
Jun 2004 - ...A 100 km deep liquid water ocean probably underlies...Is the temperature of the
ocean...slightly in temperature and the internal...through the deep, low-viscosity ocean. However,
because...from the deep ocean. This process...that the temperat
http://www.lpl.arizona.edu/~rlorenz/europa.pdf
84%
136. Earth Changes

increasing ocean warming and melting poles, and quakes striking in places not ... Earth crust plates
that are coming under increasing pressure will no ...
http://www.zetatalk.com/index/coct26-1.htm
84%
137. Earth's Interior - body, water, system, oxygen, waves, change ...
Some rocks found at Earth's surface originate deep in Earth's crust and mantle. ... is thicker—yet
lighter in weight—than the darker-colored oceanic crust. ... Accompanying this change is an abrupt
temperature increase of 1300°F (700°C) ...
http://www.scienceclarified.com/Di-El/Earth-s-Interior.html
84%
138. Earth's twilight zone is simply teeming with life - bacteria by ...
1899/12/30 Even though scientists still argue about what life is, discoveries made in the past few
weeks have shown that much more of it teems on our planet than previously thought.
http://www.telegraph.co.uk/education/4792852/Earths-twilight-zone-is-simply-teeming-with-life---b
acteria-by-the-zillions.html
84%
139. Earth's twilight zone is simply teeming with life - bacteria by ...
1899/12/30 Even though scientists still argue about what life is, discoveries made in the past few
weeks have shown that much more of it teems on our planet than previously thought.
http://www.telegraph.co.uk/education/4792852/Earths-twilight-zone-is-simply-teeming-with-life-ba
cteria-by-the-zillions.html
84%

As temperature increases with depth, the corresponding pressure increase is not ... of ocean and
continental crust we derived earlier (70% ocean, with ...
http://rds.yahoo.com/_ylt=A0oG77OUcFtMCnMBZE2EzbkF;_ylu=X3oDMTBybjIxbDhlBHNlYwNzcgR
wb3MDMARjb2xvA2FjMgR2dGlkAw--/SIG=13n7192rh/EXP=1281147412/**http://www.globalchang
e.umich.edu/globalchange1/current/lectures/evolving_earth/evolving_earth.html
84%
141. Fisheries, Issue 10, Evidence - September 23, 2009 - afternoon meeting
waters and the ocean. Obviously the Coast Guard plays a crucial role in the much ignored and
forgotten Arctic Ocean.
http://www.parl.gc.ca/40/2/parlbus/commbus/senate/com-e/fish-e/10evd-e.htm?language=e&parl
=40&ses=2&comm_id=7
84%
142. Geothermal Education Office - Geothermal Energy

Geothermal Education Office - Geothermal Energy Geothermal Energy Facts Advanced Level
EARTH’S HEAT AND VOLCANIC REGIONS FORMATION OF GEOTHERMAL
http://geothermal.marin.org/geoenergy.html
84%
143. Geothermal gradient: Facts, Discussion Forum, and Encyclopedia Article ...
's temperature increases with depth, indicating outward heat ... In deep boreholes, the
temperature of the rock below the inflection ... from the polar ice caps flowing along ocean ...
http://www.absoluteastronomy.com/topics/Geothermal_gradient
84%
144. Global warming doubles rate of ocean rise
http://search.eurekalert.org/e3/cs.html?url=http://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2005-11/rtsu-
gwd112105.php&charset=iso-8859-1&qt=+increase++temperature++deep++ocean++c
rust&col=ev3rel&n=4&la=en
84%
145. Global Warming May Be Delayed By Increase In Ocean Silica

May 2009 - ...future changes in ocean acidification...ability of the ocean to absorb carbon...dioxide
in the deep ocean will change with...Dioxide Will Increase Five-fold Over...Disappoints Star Crust 10
Billion Times...ocean surface temperature and linked
84%
146. Hawaiian Volcanoes

Hawaiian Volcanoes Looking for a Home Business? Try this! Contents | What's New | Image Index |
Copyright | Puzzles | ScienceViews | Search | Hawa
http://www.solarviews.com/eng/hawaii.htm
84%
147. House of Commons Committees - ENVI (39-1) - Edited Evidence - Number 025 (Official
Version)
Section Home Publications - November 9, 2006Evidence| Minutes Options Back to committee
meetings 39th PARLIAMENT, 1st
SESSION Standing Committee on Environment and Sustainable Development
http://www2.parl.gc.ca/housepublications/publication.aspx?docid=2497915&language=e&mode=1
&parl=39&ses=1
84%
148. How NASA Studies Air, Glossary

How NASA Studies Air Glossary Air | Natural Hazards | Land | Water | People | Hot Links | Games |
FAQ | Teacher Guides | Site Index | Glossary Glossar
http://kids.earth.nasa.gov/glossary.html
84%
149. Inside the Earth [This Dynamic Earth, USGS]

The crust, the outermost layer, is rigid and very thin compared ... and calcium than the crust, is
hotter and denser because temperature and pressure inside the Earth increase ...
http://pubs.usgs.gov/gip/dynamic/inside.html
84%
150. Interior of the Earth

Mar 4, 2005 ... Oceanic Crust - thinner (about 5 km), basaltic (mafic) composition ... In diamond
mines, at 11788 ft deep, temperature is about 90° F or more. ... We know the rate at which
temperature increases with depth (the ...
http://facstaff.gpc.edu/~pgore/Earth&Space/GPS/earthinterior.html
84%
151. International team to honor 30th anniversary of deep-sea vent discovery in Galápagos
http://search.eurekalert.org/e3/cs.html?url=http://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2007-06/coml
-itt062107.php&charset=iso-8859-1&qt=+increase++temperature++deep++ocean++cr
84%
152. Invaders from Earth

1899/12/30 In the Arctic, scientists are simulating the conditions under which we may one day live
on Mars, says Adrian Berry
http://www.telegraph.co.uk/education/4791249/Invaders-from-Earth.html
84%
153. Invaders from Earth

1899/12/30 In the Arctic, scientists are simulating the conditions under which we may one day live
on Mars, says Adrian Berry
http://www.telegraph.co.uk/science/science-news/4767883/Invaders-from-Earth.html
84%
154. IODP Expedition 309 Preliminary Report

Accretion of oceanic crust at mid-ocean ridges from magmas passively upwelled ... of the Ocean
Crust Program Planning Group) reemphasize deep drilling to obtain ...
http://iodp.tamu.edu/publications/PR/309PR/prel5.html
84%
155. June 'Geology' and 'GSA Today' highlights
http://search.eurekalert.org/e3/cs.html?url=http://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2000-05/GSo
A-JaTh-3105100.php&charset=iso-8859-1&qt=+increase++temperature++deep++ocea
n++crust&col=ev3rel&n=9&la=en
84%
156. June GEOLOGY and GSA TODAY media highlights
-jga052203.php&charset=iso-8859-1&qt=+increase++temperature++deep++ocean++c
84%
157. Lecture Outlines

Dec 2009 - ...s equilibrium temperature is about 255...Earth surface temperature is about 288...O 3
Clouds increase in Earth's...positive) temperature feedback (negative...hydrologic cycle ocean
evaporation ocean...Circulation of the deep ocean salinity...
http://www.geo.umass.edu/courses/glbch/lect.ol.html
84%
158. Method and apparatus for permanent and safe disposal of radioactive waste
Patent #: 7525112
-adv.htm&r=10&f=G&l=50&d=PTXT&s1=increase+AND+temperature+AND+deep+AND+ocean+A
ND+crust&p=1
84%
159. Method for detecting an occurrence zone of a mantle diapir finger location
Patent #: 7403858
ND+crust&p=1
84%
160. NASA - Earth

It also brings nutrients up from the deep ocean to the surface, where they are ... Geologists believe
the temperature of Earth's outer core is about 6700 to 7800 ... Material from Earth's mantle filled
the gaps, creating new oceanic crust. .... Radioactive
http://www.nasa.gov/worldbook/earth_worldbook_prt.htm
84%
161. NASA - Mars

The temperature increases toward the surface, where daytime temperatures of .... internal heat
supports life in the deep ocean and in cracks in the crust. ...
http://www.nasa.gov/worldbook/mars_worldbook.html
84%
162. NASA - Moon

In some deep craters near the moon's poles, the temperature is always near ..... moon is the
Marius Hills complex in Oceanus Procellarum (Ocean of Storms). ... The bottom of the crust is
defined by an abrupt increase in rock density at ...
http://www.nasa.gov/worldbook/moon_worldbook.html
84%
163. Ocean Chimneys - Hydrothermal Vents

see photos and find out what ""black smokers"" do under the sea and why they are an important
part of Earth's geology.
http://www.ocean.udel.edu/deepsea/level-2/geology/vents.html
84%
164. Ocean Stratification

Pacific deep water is derived from the lower salinity water column of ... The temperature of the
ocean has been slowly warming in the 20th century due to the rapid increase in ...
http://rds.yahoo.com/_ylt=A0oG77CYcFtMsAYBe0.EzbkF;_ylu=X3oDMTByMTNuNTZzBHNlYwNzcgR
wb3MDMgRjb2xvA2FjMgR2dGlkAw--/SIG=12mg70ptb/EXP=1281147416/**http://eesc.columbia.ed
u/courses/ees/climate/lectures/o_strat.html
84%
165. Ocean thermal energy conversion - Wikipedia, the free ...

Ocean thermal energy conversion (OTEC or OTE[1]) uses the temperature difference that exists
between deep and ... and power is produced with the largest temperature difference. ...
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ocean_thermal_energy_conversion
84%
166. Oceanography: Oceans

http://rds.yahoo.com/_ylt=A0oG76uQcFtMp_IAXbOEzbkF;_ylu=X3oDMTByMTNuNTZzBHNlYwNzcg
Rwb3MDMgRjb2xvA2FjMgR2dGlkAw--/SIG=122jsjgcd/EXP=1281147408/**http://www.seafriends.o
rg.nz/oceano/oceans.htm
84%
167. Oil Spill Deep Ocean Crust

Oil Spill Deep Ocean Crust oil spill deep ocean crust ... Deep in the atmosphere, the pressure and
temperature increase, compressing the ... Your Oil Spill IQ. ...
http://rds.yahoo.com/_ylt=A0oG77OUcFtMCnMBZk2EzbkF;_ylu=X3oDMTByMTNuNTZzBHNlYwNzcg
Rwb3MDMgRjb2xvA2FjMgR2dGlkAw--/SIG=12h79hkgo/EXP=1281147412/**http://www.scribd.co
m/doc/33440786/Oil-Spill-Deep-Ocean-Crust
84%
168. Ozark Chinquapin Tree Recent Updates

This event resulted in a dramatic 4-8 °C increase in deep-ocean, high-latitude, and continental
temperatures, marking the onset of warm conditions that extended into the Eocene. However, by
that time, plants had 250 million years of evolution behind them,
http://www.ozarkchinquapin.com/origin-of-the-ozark-chinquapin.htm
84%
169. PLATE TECTONICS: Lecture 2

Aug 1999 - ...to form the ocean crust, leaving a...lithosphere. The ocean lithosphere...silicate
minerals increase with increasing...surface. As hot deep mantle rises...the solidus temperature of
mantle falls...chamber in the ocean crust and begin crystall
http://www.intute.ac.uk/cgi-bin/redir.pl?url=http://www.le.ac.uk/geology/art/gl209/lecture2/lectur
e2.html&handle=996768422-24370
84%
170. Polyphosphate modifier for warm asphalt applications
Patent #: 7713345
D+crust&p=1
84%
171. Possible formation of ancient crust on Mars through magma ...

30 and 50 Myr after planetary accretion, when magma ocean solidification and ... range and dry
magma ocean composition increase the. stability range of plagioclase and ...
http://eaps.mit.edu/Elkins-Tanton/pdfs_of_papers/Mars%20early%20crust%20E-T%20et%20al%2
0JGR%202005.pdf
84%
172. Postdoctoral Scholars : Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution

With the aim of fostering interdisciplinary research addressing processes in the deep ocean,
fellowships are available to support research associated with the DOEI themes.
http://rds.yahoo.com/_ylt=A0oG77OacFtMI2kBCEKEzbkF;_ylu=X3oDMTBybjIxbDhlBHNlYwNzcgRw
b3MDMARjb2xvA2FjMgR2dGlkAw--/SIG=11qeu8ghb/EXP=1281147418/**http://www.whoi.edu/pa
ge.do?pid=7655
84%
173. Process and a plant for recycling carbon dioxide emissions from power plants into
useful carbonated species
Patent #: 7596952
D+crust&p=1
84%
174. Production of carbonate-containing compositions from material comprising metal

silicates
Patent #: 7749476
D+crust&p=1
84%
175. Professor William Nierenberg

1899/12/30 PROFESSOR WILLIAM NIERENBERG, who has died in California aged 81, was a
physicist, an expert on global warming and for more than 20 years director of the Scripps
Institution of Oceanography, near San Diego; earlier, he had helped to develop the atomic bomb
http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/obituaries/1355320/Professor-William-Nierenberg.html
84%
176. Quake jars assumptions about crustal plumbing, life at mid-ocean ridges
http://search.eurekalert.org/e3/cs.html?url=http://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2000-09/UoW
-Qjaa-1209100.php&charset=iso-8859-1&qt=+increase++temperature++deep++ocean
++crust&col=ev3rel&n=8&la=en
84%
177. Quantum Mechanics Reveals New Details of Deep Earth : News
May 10, 2010 ... Silica makes up two-thirds of the Earth's crust, and we use it to form ... Silica
takes many different forms at different temperatures and pressures ... But in millions of years, as
the oceanic plate below becomes subducted and ... As pres
http://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/Newsroom/view.php?id=43995
84%
178. Rocks and aggregate, and methods of making and using the same
Patent #: 7753618
D+crust&p=1
84%
179. SEAS: Introduction to hydrothermal vents

Mid-ocean ridges are deep in the ocean, in some places 2,500 ... Cold seawater seeps down into
the crust through ... Then, as the water seeps further down (and increases in temperature ...
http://www.ridge2000.org/SEAS/for_students/reference/hydrothermal_vent_intro.html
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180. Slab Of Sunken Ocean Floor Found Deep Within Earth

Deep within Earth, halfway to its center in an area where Earth's core meets its mantle, lies a
massive folded slab of rock that once was the ocean floor, reports a ...
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ed
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183. Tear resistant gels, composites, and liner articles

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184. Technical and economic optimization of combustion, nitrogen oxides, sulfur dioxide,
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The Mechanism of Plate Tectonics The ABC's of Plate Tectonics The Mechanism of Plate Tectonics
by Donald L. Blanchard Preface: Introduction to &qu
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186. The Seafloor

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http://jersey.uoregon.edu/~mstrick/RogueComCollege/RCC_Lectures/Seafloor.html
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187. The Skeptical Mind : ZetaTalk, The Grand Conspiracy 1995 - 2003
It is simply that the core must increase substantially in its temperature or motion for a small
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been predicted by us to increase Earth crust
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188. The Wizard Test Maker

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temperature, and pressure increase (3) density and temperature ...
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54-a-1802744773732722657-s-sites.googlegroups.com/site/imranscience/DynamicCrust.pdf?attach
auth=ANoY7coBQSUot93GZm3pmnC7WbXyO9HFBYXpqcy-bZp65ZJf0TGQVIh71civbYNNpVmZExu0
KZII2CfL-tk44rqjqhfnuN_-RF6NbGs0C0stAwU5pWfBbm9nTVTtHR2xkjqkOtwV_NU-lD54p1kHBh1xuI
BI123C8DHyLmS-WJSHTVzZkRe5_3mkF5I_g4m4OnoD8eIAKMwSLmS_1X9DAF4c9tvDdcHFEw%3D
%3D&attredirects=0
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189. Unit 1. The Water Planet

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190. Way out east: the full story

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193. [PDF] Earth Space Systems Science

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194. Adherent gels, composites, and articles

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195. AGU journal highlights -- Aug. 1, 2007
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196. AGU journal highlights -- Dec. 31, 2007
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198. All Things Ocean | Ocean Realm Society

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199. Amateur Geologist Structured Geological Glossary: The Ocean

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t.com/content/glossary/ocean/ocean.html
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200. Ancient climates

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temperatures to the current 480 degrees Celsius. The water in
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201. Apparatus for disposal of toxic and radioactive waste

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202. Back to basics

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http://www.science.org.au/scied/basics.htm
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203. Cloud Climatology

(Deep bodies of water, such as lakes and oceans, absorb more sunlight than they ... One can
calculate that a higher surface temperature would result from the ... is in the oceans (even more
water is contained in the rocky crust of Earth), ..... On the othe
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204. December 2008 Geology and GSA Today media highlights
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205. Desulfotomaculum and Methanobacterium spp. Dominate a 4- to 5-Kilometer-Deep

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Nov 2009 - ...oceanic and terrestrial deep subsurface settings...of the terrestrial crust contains 9.5
x...and associated with deep terrestrial hydrologic...Conductivity, pH, temperature, and E h were
measured...diffusivity increases with temperature accor
http://aem.asm.org/cgi/content/full/71/12/8773?ck=nck
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206. Earth-Pages Archive News, Environmental

Dec 2009 - ...to remove gas from the deep water (see Taming Lake Nyos...equilibrium.
Furthermore, the deep cool water is nutrient rich and...natural petroleum fields or deep aquifers,
what happens...moderate pressure and low temperature it may combine with
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207. Elkhorn Slough

Elkhorn Slough Home Visitors | Education | Research | Get Involved | Natural History | Kid's Corner
Site Map the Slough Join Elkhorn Slough Founda
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208. Evolution of photosynthesis and the mantle as a biological record. — Department of

Geology, University of Toronto
Jun 2010 - ...years ago. The deep ocean was suboxic by...the shallow crust 1.48 billion...including
secular increase in the U/Th...carbonated oceanic crust (basalt, komatiite...the ambient ocean
temperature with sophisticated...oxidation of the deep ocean
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209. Future Needs in Deep Submergence Science: Occupied and Unoccupied Vehicles in
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Jul 2010 - ...than the ocean crust, i"Diapir...UNDERSTANDING DEEP SUBMERGENCE...within the
crust and mantle...biosphere from deep in the sub...overlying ocean? · How and...overlying ocean?
These questions...UNDERSTANDING DEEP SUBMERGENCE...sure and temper
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210. Future Needs in Deep Submergence Science: Occupied and Unoccupied Vehicles in
Basic Ocean Research
Mar 2009 - ...than the ocean crust, i"Diapir...UNDERSTANDING DEEP SUBMERGENCE...within the
crust and mantle...biosphere from deep in the sub...overlying ocean? · How and...overlying ocean?
These questions...UNDERSTANDING DEEP SUBMERGENCE...sure and temper
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211. Gelatinous food elastomer compositions and articles for use as fishing bait
Patent #: 7208184
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212. GEOCHEMICAL SINKS AND RECYCLING AT SUBDUCTION ZONES

Site 801: A Geochemical Reference Site for Global Budgets and the Aging of Oceanic Crust. Holes
801C and 1149D in the western Pacific Ocean provide well-described sections into Mesozoic
fast-spreading crust, Layer 2A. This ocean crust This crust These zone
http://www-odp.tamu.edu/publications/185_SR/synth/synth_5.htm
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213. Geothermal Education Office - more hot websites

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214. Glossary of Climate Change Terms | Climate Change | U.S. EPA
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215. GS106 Spring 2002 Midterm Lab Quiz Study Guide and Answer Key
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216. How deep in soil is organic matter found? First I'm a bit ...
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217. Hydrothermal temperature changes at the southern Juan de Fuca ...

deep-ocean hydrothermal systems can be altered by large earthquakes even at a distance ...
increase as a result of a permeability increase, and therefore. uid temperature ...
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218. Increase Temperature Deep Ocean Pressure

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219. Inflatable restraint cushions and other uses

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Integrated Ocean Drilling Program (IODP) Expedition 312 Preliminary Report: Superfast Spreading
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http://publications.iodp.org/preliminary_report/312/prel5.html
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Rate Crust
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222. January-February 2007 GSA Bulletin media highlights
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223. June 2008 Geology and GSA Today media highlights
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224. Lecture 23: Divergent Margins and Transform Margins November ...
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and ... due to rate of cooling and increase in brittle fracture of the crust. ...
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225. Lecture 6
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226. Mesozoic: Definition from Answers.com

Higher levels of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere are thought to have caused the world
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same across the planet. Average temperatures were also higher than today by a
http://www.answers.com/topic/mesozoic
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227. NASA HPCC Insights Magazine August 1999

John Baumgardner reconstruct 120 million years of temperature changes in the Earth's ... The
deepest drill hole, for instance, reaches merely eight miles down. ... These 50-mile-thick slabs of
rock include the top layer (the crust of the ... Pacific Ocean
http://ct.gsfc.nasa.gov/insights/vol10/drill.htm
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228. NMNH Galapagos Expedition- Carole Baldwin's Q&A

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229. NOVA SCIENCE - Science & Technology News

If so, where has the missing heat gone? Is the ocean sequestering heat deep below where the
ARGO buoys measure water temperature? I had my own Dunning-Kruger moment after reading
this paper. My theory was we already had observational proof that the heat mu
http://novascience.wordpress.com/
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230. November 2009 Geology and GSA Today highlights
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231. Ocean definition of Ocean in the Free Online Encyclopedia.

Pressure in the ocean waters increases with ... rift or ridge in the deep ocean floor that spews out
water heated to high temperatures by the magma under the earth's crust.
http://encyclopedia2.thefreedictionary.com/ocean
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232. Planet Earth: Plan or Accident?

Did an ever-seeing Intelligence plan and direct the creation of our planet? Or, did the ... surface
temperature, tilt and rotation, atmosphere, ocean, and crust) to the ...
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233. Plate tectonics and people [This Dynamic Earth, USGS]

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234. Power plant system for utilizing the heat energy of geothermal reservoirs
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235. Prediction system and method

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236. Primary magmas and mantle temperatures - GREEN et al. 13 (3): 437 ...
The average crust of ocean basins is basaltic in ... With increasing temperature, the melt
composition in the ... the magmas themselves for a high temperature (T = 100–200°C) deep ...
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237. Production of hydrogen and removal and sequestration of carbon dioxide from
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238. Review questions for October 14-20
magma generated in the crust drips down into the mantle ? all of the ... introduced into oceanic
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http://facstaff.uww.edu/bhattacj/review_10_20.html
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239. Ridge hydrothermal processes

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http://www.mbari.org/volcanism/Ridge/R-Hydrothermal.htm
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240. Subtropical Arctic Ocean temperatures during the Palaeocene/Eocene ...

This ridge represents a fragment of continental crust that rifted from the ... 5 mthermal expansion
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http://www.seas.harvard.edu/climate/pdf/2007/sluijs_et_al_06.pdf
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241. System and method for recovering geothermal energy and for converting recovered
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Patent #: 7251938
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242. Tear resistant gel articles for various uses

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243. Tear resistant gels and articles for every uses

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244. Tear resistant gels, composites, and cushion articles

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245. The Eclogite Metamorphic Transformation and its Role in Early ...
material of basaltic composition like ocean crust, where it demonstrably generates a ... lithosphere,
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246. thermocline: Definition from Answers.com
The temperature of the deep ocean drops gradually with depth. ... The coldest air is next to the
ground, with air temperature increasing with height. ...
http://rds.yahoo.com/_ylt=A0geupOjcFtMHvsAlH.EzbkF;_ylu=X3oDMTBybnZlZnRlBHNlYwNzcgRwb
3MDMQRjb2xvA2FjMgR2dGlkAw--/SIG=11s3othi2/EXP=1281147427/**http://www.answers.com/to
pic/thermocline
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247. Thermohaline circulation - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

In the deep ocean, the predominant driving force is differences in ... and the Southern Ocean and
Haline forcing caused by differences in temperature and ...
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248. Unit 3 Self-Check Questions and Answers

1: It has been claimed that the age of oceanic crust increase as one moves away from the
mid-ocean ridges. How does one determine the age of the oceanic crust? The age of oceanic crust
can be determined by radiometric dating. Also, the age of the crust can
http://student.ccbcmd.edu/courses/eas101/unit3/easqa3.html
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249. VOLCANOES, FLUIDS, AND LIFE AT MID-OCEAN RIDGE SPREADING CENTERS

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rocks from...been found within deep boreholes in granitic...evident than at mid-ocean ridge
spreading centers...and what the upper temperature of life is withi
http://www.lostcity.washington.edu/files/kelley_etal_2002_annrevepsl.pdf
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250. [PDF] Magnetic Lineations in the Ancient Crust of Mars

temperature (Curie temperature) in the presence of a magnetizing field. TRM is an effi- ... of
alternating polarity are found in oceanic crust ...
http://mgs-mager.gsfc.nasa.gov/publications/science_284_5415_connerney/science_284_5415_con
nerney.pdf
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251. [PDF] Tectonics and Water on Europa

cracks that repeatedly force liquid water from a subsurface ocean to the ... However, the formation
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temperature to increase and the viscosity ...
http://trs-new.jpl.nasa.gov/dspace/bitstream/2014/14249/1/00-0661.pdf
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252. AGU journal highlights - 24 August 2004
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253. AGU Journal highlights - 26 October 2004
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254. AGU Journal Highlights - 8 September 2004
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255. AGU Journal Highlights -- June 7, 2007
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256. All Things Ocean | Ocean Realm Society

Pressure in the ocean waters increases with increasing depth due to ... The deep ocean floor
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http://www.allthingsocean.com/
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257. Canyonlands National Park Information Guide

Canyonlands National Park Information Guide Welcome to the Canyonlands National Park
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258. Chapter 16- Origin and Evolution of the Ocean Floor

The deep ocean basin lies between the continental margin and the mid ... and volcanic structures
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http://spot.pcc.edu/~aodman/GS106/ocean-floor.doc
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259. Combination inflator and manifold assembly

Patent #: 7056179
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260. DEEP SEA GEOTHERMAL ENERGY SYSTEM

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261. Discussions of SIEM

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http://rds.yahoo.com/_ylt=A0geuuCrcFtMCvcA.mmEzbkF;_ylu=X3oDMTByMTNuNTZzBHNlYwNzcgR
wb3MDMgRjb2xvA2FjMgR2dGlkAw--/SIG=11r1dk487/EXP=1281147435/**http://www.sentex.net/
~tcc/h-t-vent.txt
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262. Gelatinous elastomer compositions and articles for use as fishing bait
Patent #: 7134236
ND+crust&p=1
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263. Gelatinous food elastomer compositions and articles

Patent #: 7108873
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264. Gels for force gauging

Patent #: 7093316
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265. Gels, composites, and health care articles

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266. GeoKansas-Glossary
GeoKansas-Glossary GeoKansas-a place to learn about Kansas geology Glossary A ACRE-FOOT-The
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267. Geological Society of America - Highlights from GSA Bulletin

By using 40Ar/39Ar thermochronology on the mineral mica and the fission track method on the
mineral apatite we were able to constrain the ascent of the domal rocks from original temperatures
of 350 °C in the middle crust to 60 °C, revealing a three-stage
http://www.geosociety.org/news/pr/06-17.htm
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268. Geotimes - December 2002 - Mid-Ocean Ridge World

Apr 2009 - ...seawater, affecting ocean chemistry and...flow rates and temperature elevations
of...earthquakes fueled an increase in biological...to changes in temperature a few degrees...crests
of mid-ocean ridges. This...and beneath the deep ocean floor
http://www.agiweb.org/geotimes/dec02/feature_ridge.html
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269. Glossary - Deepseaconservation.org - Website of the DC-UK project

Deep-sea trenches : Narrow, elongate depressions of the deep sea floor. ... Global warming:
Increase in global temperature caused by increasing atmospheric carbon ... Oceanic Crust: The
outermost layer of rock on the earth's surface, ...
http://www.deepseaconservation.org/dcuk/glossary.php
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270. Glossary of Water Resource Terms

Glossary of Water Resource Terms Glossary of Water Resource Terms A B C D E F G H I J K L M N
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271. Headline News from Antarctica - Antarctic Connection

Headline News from Antarctica - Antarctic Connection Headline News Weather Wildlife/Penguins
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272. High strain tear resistant gels and gel composites for use as artificial muscle actuators
Patent #: 6909220
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273. How Rocks Are Formed

How Rocks Are Formed RocksForKids.com How Rocks & Minerals Are Formed The Earth's Rocks
Minerals Crystals Soil Erosion The Rock Cycle Igneous
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274. June 2009 Geology and GSA Today media highlights
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275. Lecture 1
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Bullent: in increase of P wave velocity with depth and the ...
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276. May 2010 Geology highlights
-m2g043010.php&charset=iso-8859-1&qt=+increase++temperature++deep++ocean++
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277. Ocean 540: Conduction; Conductive Plate Model

... flow we can estimate the temperature increase with depth into the oceanic lithosphere. ...
surface will be will be held at the temperature of the deep ocean: ...
http://rds.yahoo.com/_ylt=A0geupSmcFtMIfkApVSEzbkF;_ylu=X3oDMTByMTNuNTZzBHNlYwNzcgR
wb3MDMgRjb2xvA2FjMgR2dGlkAw--/SIG=1234i54av/EXP=1281147430/**http://www2.ocean.was
hington.edu/oc540/lec02-3/
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278. Ocean Crust/Lithosphere

Ocean Lithosphere •Layer 1-Deep sea ... older, cooler, more dense-Depth to the ocean crust
increases ... by an applied field-Low temperature alteration of the crust includes ...
http://www.clas.ufl.edu/users/eemartin/GLY5736F09/lectures/3.OceanCrust.pdf
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279. Ocean floors

Jan 2010 - ...propagated in the deep sea area and...than the world ocean seems to
have...development of deep biological communities...2003: a 30% increase in
population...propagation of ocean accretion...the geology, deep structure and crust nature for the
http://www.ifremer.fr/anglais/rapp2004/fonds-ocean.htm
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280. ocean@Everything2.com
... the dark water to become a feast for deep ... in the depressions in the earth's crust as global
temperature s ... water also helps to reduce surface temperature, allowing for ocean ...
http://www.everything2.com/title/ocean
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281. ODP Leg 176: A Spanner in the Works

Here we could explore the deep ocean crust, getting away from all the fractured, ... monolithic, the
gabbroic layer of the ocean crust now emerges as being once an ...
http://rds.yahoo.com/_ylt=A0geupOjcFtMHvsAlX.EzbkF;_ylu=X3oDMTByMTNuNTZzBHNlYwNzcgRw
b3MDMgRjb2xvA2FjMgR2dGlkAw--/SIG=1293bsrqc/EXP=1281147427/**http://www-odp.tamu.edu
/public/life/176/natland2.html
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282. Plate Tectonics & Isostasy

When the mantle melts, the magma rises and solidi?es to form crust. ... is the rock density at
surface temperature and pressure (S.T.P.) and a is the ...
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283. PROJECT NEPTUNE: A FIBER OPTIC TELESCOPE TO INNER SPACE

It is currently possible to measure temperature, resistivity, pH, H2S, and H2(aq) in situ. Adaptation
of these sensors for long duration deployments is needed, and calibration issues need to be
addressed. High priority should also be given to development o
http://www.neptune.washington.edu/documents/SCIENC/ridge_crest.html
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284. SR- The Structure of the Earth

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thinner than the mantle and the outer and inner cores. ...
http://rds.yahoo.com/_ylt=A0geuuCrcFtMCvcA.GmEzbkF;_ylu=X3oDMTBybjIxbDhlBHNlYwNzcgRwb
3MDMARjb2xvA2FjMgR2dGlkAw--/SIG=127mat2nh/EXP=1281147435/**http://www.comevisit.com
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285. Tear resistant adherent gels, composites, and articles
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286. Tear resistant gels, composites, and articles

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287. Tear resistant gels, composites, and diving apparel articles

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288. Tear resistant, crystalline midblock copolymer gels and articles

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289. Testimony of Dr. D. James Baker, Under Secretary for Oceans and Atmosphere, before
the House Resources Fisheries Conservation, .
Jun 2000 - ...observations (e.g., temperature, surface wind stress...physical state of the upper
ocean (temperature, salinity and water...Array (3) improve and increase sampling from
VOS...satellite data sets with ocean model results to produce...
http://www.ogc.doc.gov/ogc/legreg/testimon/106s/baker0525.htm
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290. Under the sea
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uts032708.php&charset=iso-8859-1&qt=+increase++temperature++deep++ocean++cr
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291. Unit Four – Energy in Earth's System

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292. Unit Four – Energy in Earth's System

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with oceanic crust. Deep ocean trench is formed when one is ...
http://isite.lps.org/mgeist/N-GE-U4.pdf
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293. Volcanoes of the United States [USGS]

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294. [MS WORD] ASTROBIOLOGY FIELD LABORATORY SCIENCE STEERING GROUP FINAL
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as this, ultramafic rocks from the oceanic crust react with ... The process i
http://mepag.jpl.nasa.gov/reports/AFL_SSG_WHITE_PAPER_v3.doc
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295. [PDF]Evidence for metasomatism due to melt migration within deep ...
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http://wwwsoc.nii.ac.jp/jepsjmo/cd-rom/2009cd-rom/program/session/pdf/G126/G126-006_e.pdf
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296. [PDF]PDF - Fluids from Aging Ocean Crust That Support Microbial Life
The increase in new olfactory interneurons .... Recently, an overpressured 300- meter-deep
borehole was fitted with an ex- ... fluids from 3.5-million-year-old ocean crust support microbial
growth. Ribo- ... mated basement crustal ( formation) fluid temper
http://tigger.uic.edu/~fkenig/Cowenetal-2003-Science.pdf
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297. A New Approach to Earth History » Plate tectonics (’continental ...

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http://www.earthhistory.org.uk/key-concepts/plate-tectonics-1/
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298. AGU journal highlights - 16 March 2006
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299. AGU journal highlights - 31 May 2006
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300. AGU journal highlights -- April 22, 2008
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301. AGU Journal Highlights -- May 3, 2007
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302. Alaska Region Ocean Sciences Bowl 2000 Practice Questions

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303. April Geoglogy and GSA Today media highlights
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304. April Geology media highlights
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305. ch2.2
Since the continental crust is about 2 x 1025 gm, about 60 x 1025 gm of ... oceanic islands may
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volume, or did they appear essentially in their ... 1977), is that
http://history.nasa.gov/CP-2156/ch2.2.htm
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306. ClimateDebateDaily.Org
And a destabilized climate will continue to wreak havoc, and the predicted increase in temperature
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have better survival chances.
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307. Composition, Mixing, and Melting of the Mantle II: Beneath Hot Spots - Volcanology,...
Subduction of basaltic oceanic crust is a key mechanism for introducing chemical heterogeneities
into the Earth's mantle. Together with the crust however, the associated depleted lithosphere is
also subducted. In the mantle, basaltic crust has a lower soli
http://www.agu.org/meetings/sm05/sm05-sessions/sm05_V42A.html
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308. Continental Margin

Lying between the deep ocean basins and the above-water land areas, continental ... Earth's
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309. COOLING OF THE OCEANIC LITHOSPHERE AND OCEAN FLOOR TOPOGRAPHY

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temperature ... constant pressure at constant depth z l) , ocean depth must increase to ...
http://topex.ucsd.edu/geodynamics/07cooling.pdf
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310. Deep Sea 2003: Conference on the Governance and Management of Deep-sea Fisheries.
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temperatures increase metals, silica and sulfide are leached from the rock, resulting in a hot, acidic
fluid rich in silica, hydrogen, sulfide and metals rela
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311. FAQs about the Desert - Frequently Asked Questions

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312. February Geology and GSA Today media highlights
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313. Fibers for reinforcing matrix materials

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314. Fibers for reinforcing matrix materials

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315. Frozen Under

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316. Geologists Discover New Class Of Spreading Ridge On Sea Bottom

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http://rds.yahoo.com/_ylt=A0oG762vcFtMy.4AFtaEzbkF;_ylu=X3oDMTByMTNuNTZzBHNlYwNzcgRw
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m/news/tectonics-03s.html
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317. Geology Ch 11-14 study tools.

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318. Geothermal space conditioning

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319. Geotimes - December 2002 - Mid-Ocean Ridge World

... away and on the axis had increased flow rates and temperature elevations of ... the deep ocean
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http://www.geotimes.org/dec02/feature_ridge.html
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320. Grapes Of Wrath Family

The water emerges from a deep ocean at an average depth of 2100nbsp;metre. The temperature
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circulation, north american van lines atlanta called convection, rv
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321. High resolution imaging microscope (HIRIM) and uses thereof

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322. Ice Age

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reducing the amount of insolation, and thereby reducing global temperatures. Scientists have
shown that volcanism has indeed increased during the most recent two mi
http://newagedatabase.com/IceAge.htm
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323. It looks like champagne

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324. magma and magmatism - Decompression melting, Melting by ...

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325. March 2010 Geology and GSA Today Highlights
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326. Methane and Methane Hydrates, part 2

( This increase is considerably higher than that in the crust of continents, which ... To study the
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http://www.killerinourmidst.com/methane%20and%20MHs2.html
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327. Method for predicting seismic events

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328. Micro-diastrophic synthetic polymeric fibers for reinforcing matrix materials

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329. Micro-diastrophic synthetic polymeric fibers for reinforcing matrix materials

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330. Montserrat Volcano Observatory, Special Report 06

Montserrat Volcano Observatory, Special Report 06 Montserrat Volcano Observatory, Montserrat,
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331. Mysteries of the Inner Earth

... and that temperature, pressure, and density increase with depth. ... The oceanic crust is
commonly divided into three main layers: layer 1 consists of ocean-floor sediments and ...
http://rds.yahoo.com/_ylt=A0oG766tcFtM8A8B.hCEzbkF;_ylu=X3oDMTBybjIxbDhlBHNlYwNzcgRwb
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332. NAI: Research Archive
Their results show an increased amount of _left handed_ isovaline in several ..... and the roots of
some plants, yet it has persisted in a low-temperature, ... The microbes appear to ?feed? on the
oceanic crust through seawater-rock ... "Some might even fa
http://nai.nasa.gov/research/
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333. NOAA Ocean Explorer: New Zealand American Submarine Ring of ...
While this increase is overwhelmingly caused by human activities such as the ... new ocean crust
by sea-floor spreading at mid-ocean ridges transfers ...
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334. November GEOLOGY and GSA TODAY media highlights
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335. Ocean 540: Problem Set #1

... period, the temperature of the deep northern Atlantic Ocean abruptly ... 2. The oceanic crust is
6 km thick and the mean ocean depth is 4 km. If the continents ...
http://rds.yahoo.com/_ylt=A0oG762vcFtMy.4AFNaEzbkF;_ylu=X3oDMTBybjIxbDhlBHNlYwNzcgRwb
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gton.edu/oc540-97/problems/set1.html
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336. OCN 201 - Fall 1997 Exam 1

today's oceans. 21. The seafloor-spreading hypothesis was supported by the Deep Sea ... of
sediment in the oceans is found in the deep sea, far from the ...
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337. October 2009 Geology and GSA Today highlights
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338. One Small Step

One Small Step One Small Step Corrected Transcript and Commentary Copyright © 1995 by Eric M.
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http://www.hq.nasa.gov/alsj/a11/a11.step.html
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339. Partial Crystallization of Mid-Ocean Ridge Basalts in the Crust and Mantle - HERZBERG
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Jun 2010 - ...with the base of the crust (Shen & Forsyth, 1995...crystallization in both crust and
mantle (Tormey et...terms of the intrinsic temperature of the crust and mantle below oceanic...the
lower crust in the ocean basins and ophiolite...
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340. Process of making fibers for reinforcing matrix materials

Patent #: 6592790
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341. Process of treating fibers

Patent #: 6596210
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342. SDI Glossary

For example, an increase in surface air temperature could increase the evaporation; .....
water-bodies, the Earth's crust and living organisms. ..... separates the warm mixed surface layer
of the ocean from the cold deep ocean water, ...
http://www.hq.nasa.gov/iwgsdi/glossary.html
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343. Solar System Exploration: Planets: Jupiter

A liquid ocean may lie beneath the frozen crust of Europa, and icy oceans may also lie beneath the
crusts of ... Deep in the atmosphere, the pressure and temperature increase, ...
http://rds.yahoo.com/_ylt=A0geupiycFtMVxsBLZOEzbkF;_ylu=X3oDMTBybjIxbDhlBHNlYwNzcgRwb
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344. Tear resistant gelatinous elastomer compositions and articles for use as fishing bait
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345. Tear resistant, multiblock copolymer gels and articles

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346. The Nine Planets Glossary

The Nine Planets Glossary Glossary A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z Links
Web www.nineplanets.org Hardcopy The New Solar System Sum
http://www.nineplanets.org/help.html
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347. thermocline: Definition from Answers.com

thermocline ( ) n. A layer in a large body of water, such as a lake, that sharply separates regions
differing in temperature, so that the temperature
http://www.answers.com/topic/thermocline
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348. Unscientific Science

As the earth spins faster, the centrifugal force along the equator increases and the equator
becomes fatter as the top crust moved towards the equator. Â Â The hard core of the earth does
not become oblate because it is hard but the crust is soft and bec
http://unitypublishing.com/Newsletter/CreationScience.htm
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349. Virtual Vacationland: Bathymetry

Deep-ocean trenches occur where seafloor is "lost" by sinking. These ... quickly seafloor crust is
created at mid-ocean ridges or lost at deep trenches ...
http://rds.yahoo.com/_ylt=A0oG762vcFtMy.4AFdaEzbkF;_ylu=X3oDMTBybnZlZnRlBHNlYwNzcgRwb
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tual/bath_sub2.html
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350. Wk1-lec2
(2) Three ocean basins: Pacific (1/2 of all oceans), Atlantic and ... 1/2 of crust forms extensive, flat,
deep ocean plains. (2) Pressure in the Oceans: increase of 1 atmosphere ...
http://rds.yahoo.com/_ylt=A0geuiOwcFtM0KgAD6uEzbkF;_ylu=X3oDMTByMTNuNTZzBHNlYwNzcgR
wb3MDMgRjb2xvA2FjMgR2dGlkAw--/SIG=128ume08r/EXP=1281147440/**http://jove.geol.niu.edu
/faculty/loubere/Oc1041W.htm
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351. ZetaTalk Accuracy, On Target Every Time

increase evident on the crust. This is not lineal, and the crust He told BBC News Online: "People
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http://www.zetatalk3.com/index/blog1129.htm
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352. ZetaTalk: Rising Seas

Since the water flowing from the pole is cold, and would drop and run along the deep ocean rifts,
this would bring those rifts to the freezing point, cold water falling below warm. How high does
that cold water rise? Human statistics measure the temperatur
http://www.zetatalk3.com/poleshft/p164.htm
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353. Zoom Astronomy Glossary: A

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354. [PDF] Lesson 3: Density

Introduction Graphic. (5.25_ X 2.75_). Anchored buoy floating in ocean; NOAA .... Answer: The
temperature of the substance could increase. ..... Illustration of cross section for 200-ft. deep site
survey,. Louisiana; USEP .... Answer: On average, the crust
http://astroventure.arc.nasa.gov/teachers/pdf/AV-Geolesson-3.pdf
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355. 23rd General Assemby IUGG and 32nd General Assembly IASPEI
Bernard reported that the program had received a $2M increase in funding in 2003 to accelerate
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California, Hawaii, Oregon, and Washington, and to increase th
http://iaspei.org/meetings/IUGG2003.html
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356. 42 SPRING 2002 S TAT ED MEETING REPO RT Engineering the Ocean Marcia...
Jan 2004 - ...only hope is to increase food production in the ocean, although international...its
salinity and temperature). The data are...massive global ocean model that predicts...projec- tions
of temperature and rainfall from the ocean climate model.
http://www.amacad.org/publications/bulletin/spring2002/ocean.pdf
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357. 50 Years of Ocean Discovery: National Science Foundation 1950-2000

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submergence...American Mid-Ocean Undersea Study...and high-temperature ''black
http://www.nap.edu/openbook.php?record_id=9702&page=67
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358. Alloy resistant to seawater and corrosive process fluids

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359. Analyzing a hydrocarbon reservoir by determining the response of that reservoir to

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360. Background, The Water Trail - Mars Exploration Rovers | Mars TV Presents Return
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361. Buried Alive: The Dark, Deep Biosphere of Intraterrestrial Life I

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field...exploring the subsurface ocean crust biosphere. B21D...and the future of deep terrestrial
microbiology...hydraulic connectivity, temperature, pressur
http://kosmos.agu.org/meetings/fm09/fm09-sessions/fm09_B21D.html
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362. Chapter 4 - CONTINENTAL MARGINS AND OCEAN BASINS

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temperatures ...
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363. Computerized method and system for teaching prose, document and quantitative
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Patent #: 5893717
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364. Deep biosphere research points to new methods for recovering ...
ASU researchers are using a novel approach to uncover the source of organic compounds found
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http://rds.yahoo.com/_ylt=A0oG7_S1cFtMyxsAbpGEzbkF;_ylu=X3oDMTBybjIxbDhlBHNlYwNzcgRwb
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365. Deep sea vent - MicrobeWiki

Oct 2009 - ...neighboring deep sea communities...the high temperature and chemical...toxicity and
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amount...and how deep the heat...395 atm. - Temperature: - 150...
http://microbewiki.kenyon.edu/index.php/Deep_sea_vent
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366. Dispersant compositions comprising sulfonated isobutylene maleic anhydride

copolymer for subterranean well drilling and completi
Patent #: 5360787
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367. Earth-Pages
One is that the isolation of deep-water organisms from temperature variations at the sea surface,
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constancy of cold deep ocean water. There are four main possibilitie
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Later the new formed ocean crust will be covered by sediments. ... Deep drilling has been done
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http://rds.yahoo.com/_ylt=A0oG7223cFtMHDgBsQCEzbkF;_ylu=X3oDMTBybjIxbDhlBHNlYwNzcgRw
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369. EarthWire - Marine - Recent News - Deep Sea

The ocean crust may be the largest biological reservoir on our planet. ... Temperature and salt
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http://www.earthwire.org/marine/?t=200573&tn=Deep+Sea
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370. Electromagnetic transportation system for manned space travel

Patent #: 4795113
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80%
371. Evolution of Continents and Oceans

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between the oceans and the oceanic crust (elemental cycles), and the ...
http://www.indiana.edu/~g105lab/1425chap13.htm
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372. FAQ-6: "The Great Magnet, the Earth"

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373. Finals study guide (Text file)

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http://earthguide.ucsd.edu/oceanography/FinalReviewF02A.txt
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374. Fujita Research Report - Earthquake Prediction

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http://www.fujitaresearch.com/reports/earthquakes.html
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375. Gameboard apparatus

Patent #: 4946169
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376. Genesis of Evolved Ocean Island Magmas by Deep- and Shallow-Level Basement
Recycling, Socorro Island, Mexico: Constraints from .
WENDY A. BOHRSON / MARY R. REID,Mar 2009 - ...Ocean Island Magmas by Deep- and
Shallow-Level...Magmas By Recycling Of Deep-Level Basaltic Basement...References Genesis of
Evolved Ocean Island Magmas by Deep- and Shallow-Level Basement...contaminant that co
http://www.oxfordjournals.org/our_journals/petroj/online/Volume_39/Issue_05/html/egb034_gml.h
tml
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377. Geology: rock melts, deep ocean trenches, explosive volcanoes

Oct 19, 2007 ... In these cases basaltic oceanic crust is being subducted below other ... As Rocks
are buried pressure increases and so does the temperature. ...
http://en.allexperts.com/q/Geology-1359/rock-melts.htm
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378. Geosphere Background

The increase in temperature and pressure with depth and the melting temperature of the ...
sediments on the ocean crust, mainly shells and fragments ...
http://www.math.montana.edu/~nmp/materials/ess/geosphere/background/
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379. Global Warming

How could animals and plants be buried so deep?" The answer seems to be that the oil and ... rise
began around 1850, and its slope of increase is not changed by ...
http://peer.tamu.edu/curriculum_modules/Ecosystems/hazards/global_warming.htm
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380. High resolution imaging microscope (HIRIM) and uses thereof

Patent #: 5859700
ND+crust&p=1
80%
381. How deep in soil is organic matter found? First I'm a bit ...
since "how deep in soil is organic matter found?" and how deep the ... Temperature increases
rapidly with increasing depth into the Earth's crust. ...
http://answers.yahoo.com/question/index?qid=20091031115225AAPaGwO
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382. Interior of the Earth

Continental crust varies in thickness from 20 to 60 km. Ocean crust varies in thickness from 5 to 10
km. ... deep mantle by convection, so the temperature does not increase very ...
http://www.efn.org/~agrush/introgeo/Lect_10.html
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383. Introduction to the Deep Sea Environment

Dec 7, 2009 ... It is possible to date the ocean crust as the plates move apart and spread over ....
As pressure increases and temperature decreases calcium ...
http://www.articlesbase.com/science-articles/introduction-to-the-deep-sea-environment-1551180.h
tml
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384. IODP Borehole Observatory Installations at Expedition 306 Reconstruct ...

... Greenland Sea Deep Water and Arctic Ocean Deep ... complete time series from the deep ocean
(Gammelsrød et al., 1992). Temperature data ... show a minimum of -0.89°C in 1983 increasing ...
http://mgg.coas.oregonstate.edu/~rob/28_Harris_etal_SD06.pdf
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385. Jan. GEOLOGY and GSA TODAY media highlights
80%
386. June GEOLOGY media highlights
-jgm060305.php&charset=iso-8859-1&qt=+increase++temperature++deep++ocean++
80%
387. June media highlights: Geology and GSA Today
http://search.eurekalert.org/e3/cs.html?url=http://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2001-05/GSo
A-JmhG-2105101.php&charset=iso-8859-1&qt=+increase++temperature++deep++ocea
n++crust&col=ev3rel&n=50&la=en
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388. Keeping the Earth's plates oiled
http://search.eurekalert.org/e3/cs.html?url=http://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2007-08/esf-k
te081007.php&charset=iso-8859-1&qt=+increase++temperature++deep++ocean++cru
st&col=ev3rel&n=45&la=en
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389. Life on Titan

Aug 2008 - ...indicate that an ocean consisting of...much as 200km deep, is presently concealed
beneath a crust of water ice...this hypothetical ocean are discussed...interior from the crust by a
deep ammonia-water ocean leads to a much...
http://www.es.ucl.ac.uk/research/planetary/undergraduate/dom/titan/titan.htm
80%
390. Loop Current - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Although hurricanes do increase in strength over warmer water, it has not been ... Benthic · Deep
ocean water · Deep sea · Littoral · Mesopelagic · Oceanic zone ...
http://rds.yahoo.com/_ylt=A0geumO6cFtMKeMAkFeEzbkF;_ylu=X3oDMTBybjIxbDhlBHNlYwNzcgRw
b3MDMARjb2xvA2FjMgR2dGlkAw--/SIG=11t6fbrut/EXP=1281147450/**http://en.wikipedia.org/wik
i/Loop_Current
80%
391. May GEOLOGY media highlights
-mgm042105.php&charset=iso-8859-1&qt=+increase++temperature++deep++ocean+
+crust&col=ev3rel&n=47&la=en
80%
392. Mesozoic - New World Encyclopedia

The formation of new crust beneath the surface displaced ocean waters by as much ... C in the
deep ocean, may have been too warm for sea life and land ...
http://rds.yahoo.com/_ylt=A0geuz60cFtMOFUAXVSEzbkF;_ylu=X3oDMTBybjIxbDhlBHNlYwNzcgRw
b3MDMARjb2xvA2FjMgR2dGlkAw--/SIG=1265innvr/EXP=1281147444/**http://www.newworldency
clopedia.org/entry/Mesozoic
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393. Mesozoic - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

The formation of new crust beneath the surface displaced ocean waters by as much ... Cretaceous,
equatorial ocean waters (perhaps as warm as 20°C in the deep ocean) may have ...
http://rds.yahoo.com/_ylt=A0geuz60cFtMOFUAX1SEzbkF;_ylu=X3oDMTByMTNuNTZzBHNlYwNzcgR
wb3MDMgRjb2xvA2FjMgR2dGlkAw--/SIG=11paq7me5/EXP=1281147444/**http://en.wikipedia.org
/wiki/Mesozoic
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394. Method of generating power

Patent #: 4869067
ND+crust&p=2
80%
395. Microsoft Word - MMProposal_Forms.doc

Mar 2009 - ...through intact ocean crust, across the Moho...ODP, DSDP) to increase our
understanding...lithosphere through deep scientific drilling...accretion of igneous crust at mid-ocean
ridges and 4) estimate...deep in high-temperature basement, throug
http://www.isteem.univ-montp2.fr/spip/IMG/pdf/MissionMohoProposal_April07_LowRes.pdf
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396. Modeling & Feedback in Climate

For example, an increase in Earth's surface temperature increases evaporation from the ocean.
That loss of radiation decreases the temperature of the surface of the earth. That is, a change in
temperature, for what ever reasons, produces a further change i
http://physics.indiana.edu/~brabson/p310/feedback.html
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397. Ocean 540: Conduction; Conductive Plate Model

... flow we can estimate the temperature increase with depth into the oceanic lithosphere. ...
surface will be will be held at the temperature of the deep ocean: ...
http://www2.ocean.washington.edu/oc540/lec02-3/
80%
398. Ocean and Oceanography definition of Ocean and Oceanography in the ...
Pressure in the ocean waters increases with ... along a rift or ridge in the deep ocean floor that
spews out water heated to high temperatures by the magma under the earth's crust.
http://encyclopedia2.thefreedictionary.com/Ocean+and+Oceanography
80%
399. Ocean Basin – FREE Ocean Basin information | Encyclopedia.com: Find ...
Temperature of this fluid is ... and the ocean crust in these areas cracks and breaks as it is pulled
apart. The age of rocks in ocean basins increases the ... Lying between the deep ocean ...
http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1G2-3437200041.html
80%
400. October GEOLOGY and GSA TODAY media highlights
-oga092706.php&charset=iso-8859-1&qt=+increase++temperature++deep++ocean++
80%
401. Past, Present, and Future Temperatures: the Hockeystick FAQ ...
Frequently asked questions about global temperature trends, especially about the significance of
the well-known hockey stick graph.
http://www.ucsusa.org/global_warming/science/hockeystickFAQ.html
80%
402. Process for the catalytic treatment of wastewater

Patent #: 5205906
ND+crust&p=1
80%
403. ScienceDaily: Geology News

Geology news. From the discovery of new properties of deep earth and finds in fossil magma
chambers to fossil fuels and more. Geology images and text.
http://rds.yahoo.com/_ylt=A0geuz60cFtMOFUAXlSEzbkF;_ylu=X3oDMTBybnZlZnRlBHNlYwNzcgRwb
3MDMQRjb2xvA2FjMgR2dGlkAw--/SIG=12dtp9irl/EXP=1281147444/**http://www.sciencedaily.com
/news/earth_climate/geology/2/
80%
404. September/October 2009 GSA Bulletin highlights
-s2g073109.php&charset=iso-8859-1&qt=+increase++temperature++deep++ocean++
80%
405. Slab of sunken ocean floor found deep within Earth

Slab of sunken ocean floor found deep within Earth ... to study complex structures in Earth's crust
... to a more compact form due to increasing pressure and temperature with ...
http://www.physorg.com/news67097315.html
80%
406. Subduction - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Continental crust tends to override oceanic crust because it consists of less dense ... Benthic · Deep
ocean water · Deep sea · Littoral · Mesopelagic ...
http://rds.yahoo.com/_ylt=A0geupiycFtMVxsBL5OEzbkF;_ylu=X3oDMTByMTNuNTZzBHNlYwNzcgR
wb3MDMgRjb2xvA2FjMgR2dGlkAw--/SIG=11rapdpt6/EXP=1281147442/**http://en.wikipedia.org/
wiki/Subduction
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407. Subductive waste disposal method

Patent #: 5022788
ND+crust&p=2
80%
408. Terra-forming questions? 1) what are the basic points that we ...
... thing that you'd need to do is establish a magnetosphere (magnetic field). Without that, all
surface life (and even fairly deep life, on the orders ...
http://answers.yahoo.com/question/index?qid=20091201213122AAcMBgN
80%
409. The oxygen isotope evolution of seawater: A critical review of a long-standing

controversy and an improved geological...
Jaffres, J.B.D. / Shields, G.A. / Wallmann, K.,Earth Science Reviews,83(1),p.83-122,Jul 2007 -
...value of ocean crust in the model...high- to low-temperature fluid/rock...An initial increase may
have...significant increase took place...The second increase
http://208.68.138.205/srsapp/search?q=increase+temperature+deep+ocean+crust&t=all&p=40&d
rill=yes&md5=7c20a438ba49a024f99c4ec553d3fe0b
80%
410. Three dimensional magnetic mapping process and apparatus with data filtering using
an inverse computation
Patent #: 5543714
ND+crust&p=1
80%
411. V1003 Science and Society - Global Warming

N. Atlantic ocean salinities are falling, whereas tropical oceans are becoming ... and deep ocean
salinities for many decades and they have noted that the oceans are ...
http://www.ldeo.columbia.edu/edu/dees/V1003/lectures/global_warming/index.html
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412. VERSION D
there is a subduction zone to the northwest drawing the ocean crust downward ... d. the Great
Lakes will increase in size due to greater impoundment of water. ...
http://faculty.washington.edu/tswanson/ESS/Midterm-Final.pdf
80%
413. Voyager Uranus Science Summary

Voyager Uranus Science Summary Looking for a Home Business? Try this! Contents | What's New |
Image Index | Copyright | Puzzles | ScienceViews | S
http://www.solarviews.com/eng/vgrur.htm
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414. what is a hydrothermal vent What is... What is

The water emerges from a hydrothermal vent at temperatures ranging up to 400Ã‚Â°C, compared
to a typical 2Ã‚Â°C for the surrounding deep ocean water. Water at a depth of 3, 000 m and a
temperature of 407Ã‚Â°C becomes supercritical.
http://whatis.panload.com/page/10865-what-is-a-hydrothermal-vent
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415. 6--Solid Earth Sciences and Topography

May 10, 1995 ... Study of deep sea sediment cores shows that variations in solar ... leading to
increased consumption of carbon dioxide, and a Cenozoic cooldown of the Earth. ... from magnetic
striping and geochronologies of oceanic crust. ..... wind direc
http://southport.jpl.nasa.gov/nrc/chapter6.html
79%

There are many earth cycles. One is a cycling between warmer and colder periods which are ...
deep ocean behaved in the same way, this could help to explain how ocean mixing ...
http://rds.yahoo.com/_ylt=A0oG76i.cFtMRacAWTKEzbkF;_ylu=X3oDMTBybjIxbDhlBHNlYwNzcgRwb
3MDMARjb2xvA2FjMgR2dGlkAw--/SIG=12lighiu3/EXP=1281147454/**http://cleanenergysector.co
m/2010/06/a-great-carbon-dioxide-burp/
79%
417. AGU Journal highlights - 23 March 2005
79%
418. April 2009 Geology and GSA Today media highlights
-a2g033109.php&charset=iso-8859-1&qt=+increase++temperature++deep++ocean++
79%
419. AquaNews - Vancouver Aquarium Marine Science Centre

Surrounded by the virtual abyss of the deep ocean, these hot vents are an oasis of life. ... such as
an increase in water temperature, certain chemical markers, ...
http://www.vanaqua.org/aquanews/features/hotvents.html
79%
420. August Geology and GSA Today media highlights
79%
421. Carbon capture and storage - encyclopedia article - Citizendium

Storage of the CO2 is envisaged either in deep geological formations, in deep ocean masses, or in
the form of mineral carbonates. Even though life appears to be rather sparse in the deep ocean
basins, energy and chemical effects in these deep basins could
http://locke.citizendium.org/wiki/Carbon_capture_and_storage
79%
422. Continental Margin - The shape of the land, Forces and ...
Lying between the deep ocean basins and the above-water land areas, continental ... forming
mountains and new ocean crust, and stimulating volcanic eruptions. ...
http://www.scienceclarified.com/landforms/Basins-to-Dunes/Continental-Margin.html
79%
423. Crust - (Astronomy): Definition

The increasing pressure with depth ... into hot or warm seas and ocean s above and around cooling
crust al ... A long, straight, deep valley produced by the separation of crust al plate s.
http://en.mimi.hu/astronomy/crust.html
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424. Currents and Tides - MarineBio.org

... crust which moves as a whole, each ocean particle is free to be pulled by ... to the very open
ocean and a lack of any deep indentation to create interference ...
http://rds.yahoo.com/_ylt=A0oG7_i9cFtMhvYAIvmEzbkF;_ylu=X3oDMTBybnZlZnRlBHNlYwNzcgRwb
3MDMQRjb2xvA2FjMgR2dGlkAw--/SIG=12245jf95/EXP=1281147453/**http://marinebio.org/Ocean
s/currents-tides.asp
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425. Evolution and Differentiation of the Continental Crust

... growth of the continental crust in an episodic manner, but with a major increase in the ... or
contamination by the deep mafic lower crust (Chapter ... orogenesis involves a period of ocean ...
http://assets.cambridge.org/052178/2376/excerpt/0521782376_excerpt.htm
79%
426. Exploring for subsurface hydrocarbons by sea floor temperature gradients preferably
using a multiplexed thermistor probe
Patent #: 4676664
ND+crust&p=2
79%
427. FACULTY PUBLICATIONS

Regulation of heart rate is highly sensitive to ambient temperature (Ta) changes, with decreases in
environmental temperatures correlating to tachycardia. We hypothesize that cold-induced increases
To test this hypothesis, we telemetrically measured the he
http://www.williams.edu/go/sciencecenter/center/RS05html/Repsci2005-FACULTY.html
79%
428. February Geology and GSA Today media highlights
-fga012208.php&charset=iso-8859-1&qt=+increase++temperature++deep++ocean++c
79%
429. Geologists Discover New Class of Spreading Ridge on Sea Bottom

Scientists have discovered a new "ultra-slow" class of ocean ridge involved in seafloor spreading.
Investigations in the remote regions of the planet found that for ...
http://rds.yahoo.com/_ylt=A0oG7_i9cFtMhvYAIfmEzbkF;_ylu=X3oDMTBybjIxbDhlBHNlYwNzcgRwb
3MDMARjb2xvA2FjMgR2dGlkAw--/SIG=121v34riu/EXP=1281147453/**http://www.newswise.com/
articles/view/502124/
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430. Hegaion E
With increasing temperatures, CO2 is pushed from the ocean out to the ... the ocean by a slight
temperature increase would amplify said increase (positive ...
http://rds.yahoo.com/_ylt=A0oG7_i9cFtMhvYAI_mEzbkF;_ylu=X3oDMTByMTNuNTZzBHNlYwNzcgR
wb3MDMgRjb2xvA2FjMgR2dGlkAw--/SIG=11bacip8b/EXP=1281147453/**http://www.hegaion.com
/
79%
431. Hydrothermal vents - Phy229Wiki

The emerging water that is ejected from a hydrothermal vent has a temperature between
300-400°C. The surrounding deep ocean water has typical temperatures Water at a depth of 3,
000m and a temperature of 407°C becomes supercritical, but the increase in s
http://www.phy229.group.shef.ac.uk/wiki/index.php/Hydrothermal_vents
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432. Influence of the Arctic on global climate - Encyclopedia of Earth

Deep convection in the northwest Atlantic Ocean is a crucial part of the global thermohaline
circulation. ... A large increase (0.25 ºC) in deepwater temperature occurred in the ...
http://www.eoearth.org/article/Influence_of_the_Arctic_on_global_climate
79%
433. January Geology and GSA Today media highlights
79%
434. January GEOLOGY and GSA TODAY media highlights
-gr0122302.php&charset=iso-8859-1&qt=+increase++temperature++deep++ocean++c
79%
435. July GEOLOGY and GSA TODAY media highlights
-gr0062703.php&charset=iso-8859-1&qt=+increase++temperature++deep++ocean++c
79%
436. Lecture 10: Earth! - The Home Planet

Both temperature and pressure increase with depth in the Earth. ... The ocean crust thickens and
cools and finally sinks under its own weight back into the Mantle along zones ...
http://web.ics.purdue.edu/~nowack/geos105/lect10-dir/lecture10.htm
79%
437. Mantle (geology) - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

The mantle is a highly viscous layer between the crust and the outer core. ... crust and mantle) and
the increase in temperature and pressure as one moves ...
http://rds.yahoo.com/_ylt=A0oG77K7cFtMgNAAaiaEzbkF;_ylu=X3oDMTBybnZlZnRlBHNlYwNzcgRw
b3MDMQRjb2xvA2FjMgR2dGlkAw--/SIG=121n97baf/EXP=1281147451/**http://en.wikipedia.org/wi
ki/Mantle_(geology)
79%
438. May-June GSA Bulletin media highlights
-mgb042105.php&charset=iso-8859-1&qt=+increase++temperature++deep++ocean++
79%
439. Media advisory 4 - AGU Fall Meeting: Complete press conference schedule
ma4120103.php&charset=iso-8859-1&qt=+increase++temperature++deep++ocean++
79%
440. Method for recycling energy in counterflow heat exchange and distillation
Patent #: 4769113
ND+crust&p=2
79%
441. Method for recyclying energy in counterflow heat exchange and distillation
Patent #: 4671856
ND+crust&p=2
79%
442. Mid-ocean ridge: Facts, Discussion Forum, and Encyclopedia Article

... depth progressively increases; the greatest depths are in ocean trenches. As the oceanic crust ...
The Curie temperature , or Curie ... are generally submerged deep in the ocean ...
http://www.absoluteastronomy.com/topics/Mid-ocean_ridge
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443. Misconception List

Mar 6, 2009 ... (also does not include deep time or evolution as there are lots of web ... Oceans are
responsible for oceanic crust (rather than being closer to ... Most magma forms as rock melts due
to an increase in temperature (in ...
http://serc.carleton.edu/NAGTWorkshops/intro/misconception_list.html
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444. NASA Goes Deep in Search of Extreme Environments

a representative of the leading ocean research and education institutions with the mission to
advance research, education and sound ocean policy.
http://www.oceanleadership.org/2010/nasa-goes-deep-in-search-of-extreme-environments/
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445. Next Decade Plan (2004 - 2013) | InterRidge :: International ...

Deep Earth Sampling. Global Exploration. The scientific questions which ... Deep holes in the ocean
crust and mantle require proper engineering and planning, ...
http://rds.yahoo.com/_ylt=A0geumO6cFtMKeMAkleEzbkF;_ylu=X3oDMTByMTNuNTZzBHNlYwNzcg
Rwb3MDMgRjb2xvA2FjMgR2dGlkAw--/SIG=1235qpht3/EXP=1281147450/**http://www.interridge.
org/ja/science/nextdecade
79%
446. Nuclear waste disposal system

Patent #: 4320028
ND+crust&p=2
79%
447. OceanLink
Increasing temperature provides additional energy to the atoms and ... three distinct provinces:
continental margins, deep ocean ... Continental crust is mainly composed of granite, a ...
http://science.jbpub.com/oceanlink/chapter_outlines.cfm?chapter=2&step=2
79%
448. Oceanography definition of Oceanography in the Free Online ...

Encyclopedia article about Oceanography. Information about Oceanography in the Columbia ... and
deep-ocean trenches and the separation of the ocean bottom and continental drift. ...
http://rds.yahoo.com/_ylt=A0oG76i.cFtMRacAWzKEzbkF;_ylu=X3oDMTByMTNuNTZzBHNlYwNzcgR
wb3MDMgRjb2xvA2FjMgR2dGlkAw--/SIG=12bjsan7d/EXP=1281147454/**http://encyclopedia2.the
freedictionary.com/Oceanography
79%
449. Process for stabilizing silica-rich geothermal brine to prevent silica scaling
Patent #: 4405463
ND+crust&p=2
79%
450. ScienceDaily: Geology News

Glimpse at Earth's Crust Deep Below Atlantic Ocean. December 1, 2009 Long-term ... Geophysicists
Show That Crust Temperature Variation Explains Half Of Elevation ...
http://rds.yahoo.com/_ylt=A0oG76i.cFtMRacAWjKEzbkF;_ylu=X3oDMTBybnZlZnRlBHNlYwNzcgRwb
3MDMQRjb2xvA2FjMgR2dGlkAw--/SIG=12e2m1jrb/EXP=1281147454/**http://www.sciencedaily.co
m/news/earth_climate/geology/10/
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451. Search Results ((keywords_en:EARTH CRUST)) - ETH E-Collection

Jun 2009 - ...EARTH 'S CRUST OCEAN CRUST CONTINENTAL CRUST...OF THE EARTH 'S CRUST
EARTH TEMPERATURE DEPTH DEPENDENCE...overlying oceanic crust , and subduction...seismic
velocities increase at this boundary...EARTH 'S CRUST OCEAN CRUST CONTINENTAL...
http://e-collection.ethbib.ethz.ch/list/?cat=quick_filter&sort_by=score&key-1=T_Keywords_EN&w1
=EARTH+CRUST
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452. Temperature resistance studies on the deep-sea vent shrimp Mirocaris fortunata -
Shillito et al. 209 (5): 945 - Journal of ...
Mar 2009 - ...difficulties in probing temperature accurately in situ...tolerance tests in vivo on
deep-sea creatures are difficult...experimental aspects of deep-sea vent biology have...testing of
the influence of temperature on the distribution of...are f
http://jeb.biologists.org/cgi/content/full/209/5/945
79%
453. The Fountains of Noah's Flood and the Windows of Heaven

The geophysics of Noah's flood. A model of the Biblical fountains of the deep and windows of
heaven and how this synergistic process produced a flood which could ...
http://www.kjvbible.org/geysers.html
79%
454. The Permian-Triassic Boundary
Like the cherts on the Marin Headlands, they reveal that the deep ocean in Late Permian times was
well-oxygenated, because the red color comes from hematite: like rust, an oxide of iron. The
composition of these rocks confirms that they indeed represent de
http://www.dcn.davis.ca.us/Go/dorritie/P-T boundary.html
79%
455. Variations in Oceanic Crustal Magnetization: Systematic ...

In oceanic crust older than 40 million years, however, the amplitudes of the ... from relevant Deep
Sea Drilling Project and Ocean Drilling Program ...
http://www.agu.org/pubs/crossref/1993/92JB01322.shtml
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456. 91.06.05: The Great Continental Drift Mystery

Remembering that species begin to differ when separated and appear most alike when able to
spread freely over a range; and that barriers to ocean life include land masses, deep ocean water,
and cold temperatures Most of the metamorphosed rock found there i
http://www.yale.edu./ynhti/curriculum/units/1991/6/91.06.05.x.html
78%
457. AGU Fall Meeting 2007 Abstracts

The incubators routinely record sharp and well defined temperature gradients within each of the
chambers that vary from near seawater values in the most outer chambers to end member
conditions (200°C) within the interior walls.
http://www.agu.org/meetings/fm07/fm07-sessions/fm07_V23D.html
78%
458. Borehole Observatory Installations on IODP Expedition 306 ...

deep ventilator of the world ocean, and it is now recognized. that deep-water production ... lack of
long-term observations of temperature and salinity ...
http://www.iodp.org/iodp_journals/6_Borehole_Observatory_SD2.pdf
78%

http://reid.citizendium.org/wiki/Carbon_capture_and_storage
78%
460. Define Mesozoic | Dictionary and Thesaurus

Higher levels of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere are thought to have caused the world
temperature gradient from north to south to become almost flat: temperatures were about the
same across the planet. Average temperatures were also higher than today by a
http://mesozoic.askdefine.com/
78%
461. Earth Sciences 1 - Sample Exam #1

... ocean crust? _ 9. You are on a ship somewhere in the Indian Ocean, ... A. increasing
temperature. B. increasing salinity. C. increasing pressure. D. none of the above ...
http://ic.ucsc.edu/~jzachos/eart1/Exams/midterm.html
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462. Edge: AN ECO-EVOLUTIONARY DANCE THROUGH DEEP TIME
Aug 2008 - ...evolutionary dance through deep time". Sampson, the host...EVOLUTIONARY DANCE
THROUGH DEEP TIME (SCOTT SAMPSON): Like...perhaps for controlling body temperature, or for
use in display. The point is...functioned in control of body temperature,
http://www.edge.org/3rd_culture/sampson04/sampson04_index.html
78%
463. Faults and damage zones in fast-spread crust exposed on the ...
Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems (G3) is an electronic journal that publishes ... in fast-spread
crust exposed on the north wall of the Hess Deep Rift: Conduits and seals ...
http://www.agu.org/pubs/crossref/2007/2007GC001623.shtml
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464. First Record for the 2004 Earth Science Videotapes

Jan 22, 2004 ... This helps preserve a delicate balance in oceanic chemistry as well as relative
temperature stasis for the ... But that dynamo faded, leaving only faint traces of its magnetic past
locked in the Martian crust. .... As the ICESat satellite
http://tv.gsfc.nasa.gov/G04-002A_earth.html
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465. GeoMan's Hydrology Page - Mike Strickler

This results in the chemical disintegration of rock - the earth's crust is basically being dissolved.
Chemical weathering is also affected by temperature. Warm and humid conditions increase the
efficiency of chemical weathering processes.
http://www.jersey.uoregon.edu/~mstrick/hydrosphere/hydro_overview.html
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466. GLOBAL NATURAL CYCLES

The principle reservoirs are the atmosphere, ocean and crust. Each reservoir has a characteristic
rate of ... rates typically double with a 10 C increase in temperature. ...
http://www.serc.si.edu/labs/biogeochem/publications/Megonigal%20EOLSS%20(2003)_files/search
.html
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467. hydrothermal vent: Definition from Answers.com

hydrothermal vent ( hdr¦thrml vent ) ( oceanography ) A hot spring on the ocean floor, found
mostly along mid-oceanic ridges, where
http://rds.yahoo.com/_ylt=A0geumjCcFtMHEgBrZ.EzbkF;_ylu=X3oDMTBybnZlZnRlBHNlYwNzcgRwb
3MDMQRjb2xvA2FjMgR2dGlkAw--/SIG=12298hesb/EXP=1281147458/**http://www.answers.com/t
opic/hydrothermal-vent
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468. IGS Tracking Network

May 13, 2010... Diurnal and Seasonal Temperature variations; Human Tampering ... Continuous
electric power; No local crustal instabilities ... Increase visibility of antenna above obstructions. ...
Design and Installation of Deep Drill Braced Monument ...
http://igscb.jpl.nasa.gov/network/monumentation.html
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469. In the Beginning: Compelling Evidence for Creation and the ...
[ The Fountains of the Great Deep > The Origin of Ocean Trenches and the Ring of ... somehow
pushing ocean crust away from the ridge, ocean crust would be ...
http://rds.yahoo.com/_ylt=A0geumjCcFtMHEgBrp.EzbkF;_ylu=X3oDMTByMTNuNTZzBHNlYwNzcgR
wb3MDMgRjb2xvA2FjMgR2dGlkAw--/SIG=12ciovapg/EXP=1281147458/**http://www.creationscie
nce.com/onlinebook/Trenches5.html
78%
470. Items where Division is "Faculty of Engineering, Science and Mathematics School of
Ocean & Earth Science (SOC/SOES)" and Year ..
May 2010 - ...in oceanic crust. Geology 31...upper oceanic crust formed at a fast...using high
temperature catalytic...southern UK. Ocean Dynamics 53...circumpolar deep
water-borne...Photoperiod and temperature regulation...Central Pacific Ocean. Geochimic
http://eprints.soton.ac.uk/view/divisions/uos-hn/2003.html
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471. Last Name (print)_First Name_Bar code # (last 5 digits...

b) shallow to deep earthquakes, andesitic volcanism, older crust, thick sediment ... the temperature
at which glaciers begin to flow to the ocean. b) the ...
http://www.soest.hawaii.edu/oceanography/courses_html/OCN201/exams/S2004E1.pdf
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472. Lighthouse Foundation: The oceans and the climate

Although temperatures over Antarctic ice can register as low as ... cryosphere (ice and snow), the
lithosphere (rock crust ... Deep ocean currents. Curious Coriolis. Stiff breezes and cold ...
http://www.lighthouse-foundation.org/index.php?id=29&L=1
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473. NASA Quest > Astrobiology

The crust of Mars has a different chemical composition than deeper parts of the ... Persistent
genetic mutations can increase the likelihood of developing cancer. ... The average temperature on
Mars is -81ºF. The record high it 68ºF and ... to that on the
http://quest.nasa.gov/projects/astrobiology/astroventure/challenge/designs/villa.html
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474. Nominally Anhydrous Minerals and Earth’s Deep Water Cycle Joseph R....
Sep 2008 - ...and all low temperature geochemical...Earth’s Deep Water cycle...hydrated ocean
crust and lithospheric...also in the deep mantle and...999]? Has ocean volume...than does
temperature within the...possibility of a deep water cycle...amount of
http://www.earth.northwestern.edu/research/jacobsen/pdfs/Smyth&Jacobsen2006-EDWC-AGUMon
168.pdf
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475. Ocean 11
including water temperature and depth, seafloor topography, and the plankton ... floating, and
crawling in the deep oceans and as yet unseen by human eyes. ...
http://www.courseworld.com/ocean/examen/download/overviewv.pdf
78%

Assume a symmetric ocean basin (ridge in center, subduction at both sides) of ... last glacial
period, the temperature of the deep northern Atlantic ...
http://rds.yahoo.com/_ylt=A0geuu._cFtMMQcBDC.EzbkF;_ylu=X3oDMTBybnZlZnRlBHNlYwNzcgRw
b3MDMQRjb2xvA2FjMgR2dGlkAw--/SIG=12hfv0j4o/EXP=1281147455/**http://www2.ocean.washi
ngton.edu/oc540/problem.sets/set1.html
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477. Principles of Geology
He identified rises, such as the East Pacific Rise, and the Mid-Atlantic ridge, as spreading centres,
where Arthur Holmes's convection currents rose to make new ocean crust. It had long been
obvious that the trenches were areas in which the ocean floor was
http://mysite.du.edu/~jcalvert/geol/holmes.htm
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478. Reference for Hydrothermal vent - Search.com

The water emerges from a hydrothermal vent at temperatures ranging up to 400°C, compared to a
typical 2°C for the surrounding deep ocean water. Water at a depth of 3, 000 m and a temperature
of 407°C becomes supercritical.
http://www.search.com/reference/Hydrothermal_vent
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479. Restless Ocean

These waters move around the ocean basins by density driven forces and gravity. ... These deep
waters sink into the deep ocean basins at high latitudes where the ...
http://www1.fccj.org/pacrews/restless_ocean2.htm
78%
480. Tags « NASA Astrobiology

Jun 21, 2010 ... Increased H2S in the Deep Ocean - Bad News for Life? ... destruction of the ozone
shield and an increase in atmospheric methane, ...
http://astrobiology.nasa.gov/tags/methane/
78%
481. what happens to the temperature and pressure in the layers as ...
Temperature and pressure increase with the increase in depth through the layers. The Earth is
made of many different and distinct layers. ...
http://answers.yahoo.com/question/index?qid=20090127195802AAhsrSw
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482. Wikipedia:Mid-ocean ridge - Global Warming Art

... depth progressively increases; the greatest depths are in ocean trenches. As the oceanic crust
moves ... are generally submerged deep in the ocean ... Past Temperatures; Carbon Dioxide; Other
...
http://www.globalwarmingart.com/wiki/Wikipedia:Mid-ocean_ridge
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483. [PDF] ENDURANCE: THE REWARDS AND CHALLENGES OF LANDING A SPACECRAFT ON

...
activity of Europa's crust to be refined. In addition, chemical studies of Europa's ... cold surface
temperature means that the surface is ... to a subsurface ocean and the time varying field of ....
about 350 m deep and 30km in diameter [3]. The ... The i
http://ippw.jpl.nasa.gov/20070607_doc/4_15RAGE.pdf
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484. [PDF] Galileo, Cassini double-team Jupiter Technology leads theway

liquid ocean of salty water under Europa's icy crust. .... far into deep space, looking for. Earth-like
planets around stars .... cycle has been increased from six to 18 days a ...... rate measurements of
air temperature, humidity, ...
http://universe.jpl.nasa.gov/un010105.pdf
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485. [PDF]Microorganisms Isolated from Deep Sea Low-temperature ...
temperature, rock and sediment sampling sites were increased while the pH was lowered. ..... the
deep ocean crust. This might indicate that strains isolated ...
http://www.informaworld.com/index/911586886.pdf
77%
486. 10 Deep-Sea Secrets Revealed [PICS]

The oceans cover more than 70 percent of the earth's surface, yet their depths remain largely
unknown. It's a frontier that scientists are racing to explore. ...
http://digg.com/general_sciences/10_Deep_Sea_Secrets_Revealed_PICS
77%
487. 1576.pdf
between the magma ocean and the solid crust will be. at a temperature within about 10 K of ...
presence relatively deep in the crust of some. unmelted chondritic ...
http://www.lpi.usra.edu/meetings/lpsc2000/pdf/1576.pdf
77%

... data reveal changing temperature and salinity"; "Forecasting tsunami hazards from tide ... They
find an increase in extremes of cyclone intensity over the Mediterranean Sea in ...
http://rds.yahoo.com/_ylt=A0oG72zNcFtMdHoBHAWEzbkF;_ylu=X3oDMTBybjIxbDhlBHNlYwNzcgR
wb3MDMARjb2xvA2FjMgR2dGlkAw--/SIG=12k8c9lk1/EXP=1281147469/**http://www.eurekalert.or
g/pub_releases/2007-07/agu-ajh071207.php
77%
489. Alpine and Pacific styles of Phanerozoic mountain building: subduction-zone

petrogenesis of continental crust
Mar 2009 - ...widespread cherts ± deep-water carbonates...volcanics resting on old crust both
assemblages are...relatively small ocean basins that typify many...bearing phases in deep-seated
metamorphic...2 GPa, but low-temperature devolatilization...bene
http://www.soest.hawaii.edu/GG/FACULTY/conrad/classes/GG672/topic9/Petrogenesis_SubZone_T
erraNova2005.pdf
77%
490. chapter 26
EARTH'S OCEAN AND THE FORMATION OF THE SOLAR SYSTEM [483] The problems of the origin
and ... and where crystallizing grains at comparatively low temperature are ...
http://history.nasa.gov/SP-345/ch26.htm
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491. Cherkaoui, A. S. M., W. S. D. Wilcock, R. A. Dunn, and D. R ...

eightfold increase in an otherwise constant thermal conductivity at temperatures ... ocean crust
formed at the East Pacific Rise and exposed at. Hess Deep: ...
http://rds.yahoo.com/_ylt=A0geupXFcFtMFukA54KEzbkF;_ylu=X3oDMTByMTNuNTZzBHNlYwNzcgR
wb3MDMgRjb2xvA2FjMgR2dGlkAw--/SIG=12id2ok1r/EXP=1281147461/**http://www.uoregon.edu
/~drt/Reprints/EPR930_Cherkaoui_2003.pdf
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492. crust 2003: Movie and film review from Answers.com

Due to increasing temperature and pressure with depth, the metamorphic grade of rocks increases
with depth, and the rocks within the deep continental crust ... that the ocean crust ...
http://www.answers.com/topic/crust
77%
493. Deep mantle plumes and convective upwelling beneath the Pacific Ocean
May 2010 - Deep mantle plumes...the Pacific Ocean Nicholas Schmerr...underside of these
temperature and composition...that oceanic crust and lithosphere...created at mid-ocean ridges and
consumed...strong viscosity increase accompanies the 660 km deep phas
http://mcnamara.asu.edu/content/publications/pdfs/Schmerr_et_al_epsl_2010.pdf
77%
494. Deep Sea Drilling Project Initial Reports Volume 88

... 110-m.y.-old crust and to determine the mechanical stability of the instrument. Temperature
results show rapid temperature increase ... the temperature at the ocean floor is 0 ...
http://www.deepseadrilling.org/88/volume/dsdp88_12.pdf
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495. DETAILED SCIENTIFIC OBJECTIVES

A third problem concerns the magnitude and origin of warmth of intermediate and deep waters in
the Cretaceous oceans. A simpler way to explain the warm Cretaceous temperatures Hart, 1980;
Caron and Homewood, 1983; Leckie, 1987), but these hypotheses have n
http://www-odp.tamu.edu./publications/207_IR/chap_01/c1_3.htm
77%
496. Dive News - Scientists Delve Into Secrets of the Ocean's ...
Dive News, Scuba News - DiveNews.Com NEWS @ DEPTH - Current & Wet events ... this is the
first time that gabbros have been recovered from intact ocean crust. ...
http://www.divenews.com/modules.php?op=modload&name=News&file=article&sid=4617&mode=
thread&order=0&thold=0
77%
497. Dr. Zaghloul El-Naggar

The thickest continental crust, about 70 km, is reported to lie beneath the Alps. ... pressure,
although the influence of increasing temperature cannot be excluded. ...
http://rds.yahoo.com/_ylt=A0geu1nHcFtM1XoB0.CEzbkF;_ylu=X3oDMTBybnZlZnRlBHNlYwNzcgRw
b3MDMQRjb2xvA2FjMgR2dGlkAw--/SIG=1213samqg/EXP=1281147463/**http://www.elnaggarzr.c
om/en/main.php?id=52
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498. Earth as a System

The increase in complexity came about by an evolutionary process ... crust, ocean water and
sediments, the living cell and the hydrosphere, and the crust and the deep interior. ...
http://www.newciv.org/ISSS_Primer/asem22jm.html
77%
499. EARTH Sciences - by Gary Novak

Ice age cycles explain climate changes when viewed from a model of oceans heating due to ...
temperature 2,000 meters deep. Is it a sign of a fundamental change in deep-ocean ...
http://rds.yahoo.com/_ylt=A0oG7yHKcFtMp_AA0ESEzbkF;_ylu=X3oDMTByMTNuNTZzBHNlYwNzcg
Rwb3MDMgRjb2xvA2FjMgR2dGlkAw--/SIG=11t88ntmm/EXP=1281147466/**http://www.world-my
steries.com/gnovak.htm
77%
500. Earth Structure | Tutorvista.com

The Earth's Crust Continents and ocean basins (land ... It is about 2,900 km deep ... part of the
mantle has a temperature of about 870 0 C. Mantle This temperature gradually increases ...
http://www.tutorvista.com/content/physics/physics-ii/universe/earth-structure.php
77%
501. FAQ-4: "The Great Magnet, the Earth"

Feb 23, 2008 ... What form does it take (radiation, temperature increase at depth .... (4) New crust
is only formed on the ocean floor, and rather .... You can rest assured, almost all of that
radioactivity occurs deep inside the Earth. ...
http://www-istp.gsfc.nasa.gov/earthmag/magnQ&A4.htm
77%
502. GEOLOGIC STRUCTURE OF THE UPPERMOST OCEANIC CRUST CREATED AT ...

2002b, Naidoo 1998), and the north wall of the Hess Deep Rift (HDR) in the ..... The pervasiveness
and temperature of hydrothermal metamorphism is also highly ..... Increased fracture porosity in
the upper oceanic crust is also of ...
http://arjournals.annualreviews.org/doi/abs/10.1146/annurev.earth.30.091201.141132
77%
503. Halfbakery: 12 Mile Deep Hole

The atmospheric pressure increases with depth. At the ... The deep ocean temperatures are near
freezing. 7 mile deep ocean ... tell me what the temperature of the Earth's crust is ...
http://www.halfbakery.com/idea/12_20Mile_20Deep_20Hole
77%
504. How the oceans influence climate

Because it is a fluid, the ocean diffuses the effects of a temperature change for ... Deep-ocean flow
(and, to a lesser extent ... the resulting rise in salinity also increases ...
http://www.gdrc.org/oceans/fsheet-01.html
77%
505. HYPOTHESES FOR THE ORIGIN OF THE OCEAN/CONTINENT TRANSITION ...

... that the ocean/continent transition was formed by tectonic and magmatic disruption of
continental crust. ... sources and by a similar sequence of pressure-temperature conditions. ...
http://www-odp.tamu.edu/publications/149_SR/chap_47/c47_6.htm
77%
506. Introduction to Physical Oceanography

The atmosphere and the ocean are both fluids in turbulent motion and follow the ... oceans are
structured into continental margins, mid- ocean ridges and deep sea ...
http://www.es.flinders.edu.au/~mattom/IntroOc/lecture01.html
77%
507. Katie Robinson

... does this view of the Earth crust explain why most earthquakes and most ... the ocean for
protection and to escape being killed._ Because of this life being ...
http://ags.ou.edu/~krobinson/GEOS_Midterm.htm
77%
508. Magnetic images of the Sumatran region crust

... important qualification, its temperature. Magnetized crust ... descending so quickly that its
temperature does not reach 600 deg C until it is deep ... the past history of ocean basins, to ...
http://planetary-mag.net/sumatra/
77%
509. Meetings - IGCP Project 474 - Images of the Earth's Crust ...
High-resolution images of the lower crust: deep seismic reflections from 15 to 180 Hz ... where
composition and temperature render the crust viscously weak. ...
http://rds.yahoo.com/_ylt=A0oG72zNcFtMdHoBHgWEzbkF;_ylu=X3oDMTByMTNuNTZzBHNlYwNzcg
Rwb3MDMgRjb2xvA2FjMgR2dGlkAw--/SIG=12dovt00r/EXP=1281147469/**http://www.earthscrust
.org/earthscrust/reports/banff.html
77%
510. Microsoft Word - KingsnorthStatement.081029.doc

Oct 2008 - ...of carbonate- rich ocean crust beneath moving continental...year) through the Tethys
Ocean and in the process subducting carbonate-rich ocean crust, causing atmospheric CO2 to
increase. Global temperature peaked 50 My ago when...
http://www.columbia.edu/~jeh1/mailings/20080910_Kingsnorth.pdf
77%
511. Multiple choice

A collection of Javascript utilities to be incorporated into scientific courseware ... temperature and
high pressure imposed over a large volume of crust? ...
http://www.uh.edu/~jbutler/physical/chap8mult.html
77%
512. NOAA Ocean Explorer: Submarine Ring of Fire 2006: Vent Chemistry
There are thousands of kilometers of volcanic arcs behind deep ocean trenches along the ... slab
are expelled and cause increased mantle melting and magma production. ... Other elements that
are enriched in old ocean crust should also be ... Molten sulfur
http://oceanexplorer.noaa.gov/explorations/06fire/background/chemistry/chemistry.html
77%
513. Oceans For Youth: Educational Website for Kids of All Ages
Furthermore, the increase in ... hot place, with temperatures of about 9,900 ... toward the Earth's
core, deep ocean trenches are created. Thin oceanic crust forms ...
http://www.oceansforyouth.org/whats-that/ftr0801.html
77%
514. Official Website of Wayne High School

Near Earth's surface - low pressure and temperature 3. Deep in the Earth - high pressure and
temperature 4. Metals increase within the silicates as they form in deeper regions d. Bowen's
reaction series - groups based upon composition and tetrahedron arran
http://whs.wayn.k12.wv.us/DyerNotes02.htm
77%
515. Oral Presentation Index

Iwasaki, Sin-Iti Ocean Bottom Cable System for Tsunami Monitoring in Deep Ocean (397) Johnson,
John Deep Ocean Exchanges with the Shelf (DOES) (051) Gerkema, Theo Non-traditional'
internal-wave propagation in the deep ocean (143) Abd-Elmotaal, Hussein Resp
http://iapso.sweweb.net/abstracts05/oral_index.html
77%
516. plate tectonics

... magnetic mineral in the Earth's crust and has a Curie Temperature of ... the eastern part of the
Pacific Ocean. Oceanic Trenches - deep ... to the sea floor increases with increasing ...
http://earthsci.org/education/teacher/basicgeol/platec/platec.html
77%
517. Terrestrial Ecoregions - Southern Indian Ocean Islands tundra (AN1104)

Dec 2008 - ...the West Indian Ocean Ridge. These two...with a mean annual temperature variation
of about...draining into the ocean through the ground (Hänel...bisected by the 2km deep Indivat
basin...thinning of the crust (Recq et al.1998...with an annual
http://www.worldwildlife.org/wildworld/profiles/terrestrial/an/an1104_full.html
77%
518. USC Robot Explorers Find Enigmas On The Ocean Floor

So, too, are the waters' temperature, their salinity, and the amount of ... realm just beneath the
deep ocean floor. The ocean crust may be the largest biological ...
http://rds.yahoo.com/_ylt=A0oG72zNcFtMdHoBHQWEzbkF;_ylu=X3oDMTBybnZlZnRlBHNlYwNzcgR
wb3MDMQRjb2xvA2FjMgR2dGlkAw--/SIG=12h85eq7t/EXP=1281147469/**http://www.sciencedaily
.com/releases/1997/08/970819064404.htm
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519. Volcanoes and Water - river, sea, depth, temperature, types, effect
... are dragged deep beneath the continents. As a plate descends, the pressures and temperatures
it experiences increase ... the Earth's crust ... or under the ocean ...
http://www.waterencyclopedia.com/Tw-Z/Volcanoes-and-Water.html
77%
520. What do u know about structure of earth? - Yahoo! Answers India

As there is intense and increasing pressure as ... silicate rocks and underlie the ocean basins. The
thicker crust is ... which has been observed from deep parts of the oceanic crust that ...
http://in.answers.yahoo.com/question/index?qid=20080111224337AAy6PER
77%
521. WHOI : Oceanus : Realizing the Dreams of da Vinci and Verne

Geophysicists mapped striking seafloor features, ranging from deep trenches to the mid-ocean
ridge system—the globe-encircling underwater volcanic mountain chain where the ocean crust is
born. A diverse fleet of innovative deep-submergence vehicles heralds
http://vishnu.whoi.edu/services/communications/oceanusmag.050826/v42n2/fornari.html
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522. . : Environmental News :: Faculty of Environment and Resource ...

... deep ocean behaved in the same way, this could help to explain how ... This would then cause a
sudden temperature increase that would make the ice sheets melt leading to rising ...
http://rds.yahoo.com/_ylt=A0geupXWcFtMTPIAX2iEzbkF;_ylu=X3oDMTBybnZlZnRlBHNlYwNzcgRw
b3MDMQRjb2xvA2FjMgR2dGlkAw--/SIG=12s78nd38/EXP=1281147478/**http://www.en.mahidol.a
c.th/eng/envi_news/envi_news_full_e.php?id=1124
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523. ????
Water vapor exists deep below and can sometimes be seen through clear spots in the clouds. ...
Deep in the atmosphere, the pressure and temperature increase, compressing the hydrogen gas
into a liquid....
http://felfelclass.blogfa.com/post-24.aspx
76%
524. [PDF]Asymmetric deep crustal structure across the Juan de Fuca Ridge
hundred degree increase in temperature over 500-600 m in gabbro could .... oceanic crust on the
Mid-Atlantic Ridge, Deep Sea Drilling Project Hole ...
http://geology.geoscienceworld.org/cgi/reprint/16/6/533.pdf
76%
525. [PDF]oceanic crust hydrothermal alteration in ophiolite complexes ...

Jun 19, 2010 ... temperature alteration or 'ageing' of the oceanic crust. ..... increases with
increasing temperature of formation (Raase 1974). ..... deep (>5 km) seawater- hydrothermal
circulation at mid-ocean ridges. J. Geophys. Res. ...
http://sp.lyellcollection.org/cgi/reprint/13/1/199.pdf
76%
526. [PPT]Earth's Interior, Temperature and Pressure Gradients - ...

and some ocean islands contain mantle and deep crustal xenoliths. Minerals present and their ...
increasing h (depth), density (?) increases and g decreases ...
http://skilling.geology.pitt.edu/GEO1003/lecture2.ppt
76%
527. [RTF]Ocean Basins

... As the oceanic crust travels away from the ridge crest it cools and becomes ... Mostly composed
of quartz, very resistant to weathering; Some deep ocean, very fine wind blown clays ... (increase
pH) or dissolution (decrease pH) of calcium carbonate CaC
http://www.miracosta.edu/home/jturbeville/Oceanography%20section%202%20fall%202006.rtf
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528. 3.0 Antarctica - The Environment

Antarctic temperatures. Spring and fall, in polar terms, are more aptly morning and evening
twilight. Particularly in the continental interior, the temperature drops quickly when the Sun sets in
March, and rises with the Sun's rise in September. This graph
http://www.nsf.gov/pubs/1997/antpanel/3enviro.htm
76%
529. Astronomi
"Water vaporizes from the oceans and rivers forming tiny clouds....
http://shellasdiary.blogspot.com/2010/02/astronomi.html
76%
530. Chapter 8: Introduction to Eolian Landforms _ GES DISC: Goddard ...

Sep 9, 2009 ... These deserts are affected by cold ocean currents parallel to ... to temperature
variations between continents and oceans. .... Their water levels fluctuate and may dry up, leaving
a salt crust or claypan. ... Glennie (1970) discusses a cir
http://disc.sci.gsfc.nasa.gov/geomorphology/GEO_8/GEO_CHAPTER_8.shtml
76%
531. Climate Change-What is Pole Shift?

The Crust of the Earth is detached from the outer core and inner core of the ... and
electro-magnetic field patterns within the crust and deep water ocean currents. ...
http://heal-the-earth.org/climate_change/climate_change_pole_shift.htm
76%
532. Comparison of Oceanic Spreading Center Characteristics at ...

Magnetic structure of an ocean core complex at the southernmost part of the ... 3 Ma) ocean crust
has been sampled from two NW-SE striking escarpments at Pito Deep. ...
http://rds.yahoo.com/_ylt=A0geuuDUcFtMq_YATFmEzbkF;_ylu=X3oDMTBybjIxbDhlBHNlYwNzcgRw
b3MDMARjb2xvA2FjMgR2dGlkAw--/SIG=12hb06imk/EXP=1281147476/**http://www.agu.org/meet
ings/fm06/fm06-sessions/fm06_B31B.html
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533. Crust (geology) - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

The temperature increases by as much as 30°C (about 50°F) for every kilometer locally in the ...
crust is enriched in incompatible elements compared to the basaltic ocean crust and ...
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crust_(geology)
76%
534. Deadly carbon dioxide. - Free Online Library

Free Online Library: Deadly carbon dioxide. (includes a related article on the deadly cloud of carbon
dioxide spewed from Cameroon's Lake Nyos in 1986 which ...
http://www.thefreelibrary.com/Deadly+carbon+dioxide.-a020297416
76%
535. Discussions of SIEM

>1. Assume the crust in question is in the middle of an ocean basin. ... Temperature will also
increase with depth, >as we approach the lower crust and mantle. ...
http://www.sentex.net/~tcc/h-t-vent.txt
76%
536. doi:10.1016/S0012-821X(03)00545-4
Oct 2005 - ...lithospheric heat from the crust to an average age of...temperatures in Cretaceous
crust. Utilizing these temperature estimates, heat flow...hydrothermal fluxes into the deep ocean as
a function of plate...Porosities of upper oceanic crust ca
http://www.personal.kent.edu/~dwitter/ess/f2005/heatflux.pdf
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537. Earth structure - The crust, The mantle and deep interior ...
The crust, The mantle and deep interior, The core, The Earth, crust, mantle, core ... The velocities
then increase steadily though the lower mantle to the basal 200 ...
http://rds.yahoo.com/_ylt=A0geuu_RcFtMkQQBxsCEzbkF;_ylu=X3oDMTBybjIxbDhlBHNlYwNzcgRw
b3MDMARjb2xvA2FjMgR2dGlkAw--/SIG=12d6qguck/EXP=1281147473/**http://science.jrank.org/p
ages/47534/Earth-structure.html
76%
538. Earth: Inside and Out

abyssal ocean The deep ocean that lies in water depths of 4,000 ... and the deep-sea trench mark
the location where oceanic crust is being subducted ...
http://www.amnh.org/education/resources/rfl/web/essaybooks/earth/glossary.html
76%
539. Earthquake
In subduction zones, where older and colder oceanic crust descends beneath another tectonic
plate, earthquakes may occur at much greater depths (up to seven hundred kilometers). Deep
focus earthquakes are another phenomenon associated with a subducting sla
http://loon.eu/earthquake_en.html
76%
540. Earthquake
In subduction zones, where older and colder oceanic crust descends beneath another tectonic
plate, earthquakes may occur at much greater depths (up to seven hundred kilometers). Deep
focus earthquakes are another phenomenon associated with a subducting sla
http://www.miracle.eu/earthquake_en.html
76%
541. Energetics of the Earth

In the ocean basins the main contribution to the observed heat flow is the ... Thermal conductivity
decreases rapidly with increasing temperature. ...
http://rds.yahoo.com/_ylt=A0geuu_RcFtMkQQBx8CEzbkF;_ylu=X3oDMTBybnZlZnRlBHNlYwNzcgRw
b3MDMQRjb2xvA2FjMgR2dGlkAw--/SIG=11vf90055/EXP=1281147473/**http://www.mantleplume
s.org/Energetics.html
76%
542. Explain the relationship between igneous activity, magmatic ...

Destructive Ocean v Ocean Collision. Increased Temperature of geothermal gradient as the ... rise
up into the continental crust and this is where the differences ...
http://www.bws.wilts.sch.uk/Curriculum/ppts/geol_magma%20type%20and%20plate%20margin.p
pt
76%
543. Geol 101: Lecture 8: Igneous Rocks I

The rate that temperature increases with increasing depth inside the Earth is called the: ... From
how deep does most magma originate? Most magma first accumulates ...
http://rds.yahoo.com/_ylt=A0oG7_bQcFtMnXYBAWWEzbkF;_ylu=X3oDMTByMTNuNTZzBHNlYwNzc
gRwb3MDMgRjb2xvA2FjMgR2dGlkAw--/SIG=12mb7tchh/EXP=1281147472/**http://www.webpage
s.uidaho.edu/~simkat/geol101_files/igneousI.html
76%
544. History of the Earth

53 Ga, shortly after formation of an initial crust, the proto-Earth was impacted by a smaller
protoplanet, which ejected part of the mantle and crust into space a nd created the Moon....
http://aStory.blog.co.uk/2010/02/17/history-of-the-earth-8026345/
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545. http://manuel1599.blogspot.com/2010/02/global-warming-global-warming-is.html
Global Warming is the increase in the average temperature of Earth's near-surface air and oceans
since the mid-20th century and its projected continuation....
http://manuel1599.blogspot.com/2010/02/global-warming-global-warming-is.html
76%
546. In the Beginning: Compelling Evidence for Creation and the Flood ...
... The Fountains of the Great Deep > The Origin of Ocean Trenches and the ... Because of this
contraction, the crust on the ... just as a balloon stretches when its radius increases.
http://www.creationscience.com/onlinebook/Trenches3.html
76%

... pressure (depth) and decreasing temperature. Because deep water in the oceans is cold, ...
region and then around Antarctica and north into the Pacific Ocean. No deep water is ...
76%
548. Life, a miracle in the universe

They offer a glimpse of what our Earth was like at its birth, molten rock surging from the depths,
solidifying, cracking, blistering or spreading in a thin crust, b efore falling dormant for a time....
http://michaelblackburnsr.typepad.com/blog/2010/02/life-a-miracle-in-the-universe.html
76%
549. MICROBIOLOGY
Because the mudline temperatures were taken inside the drill string, the string appears to have
cooled to the bottom temperature. Inside the hole, the drill string also appears to have started to
approach ambient temperatures.
http://www-odp.tamu.edu/publications/185_IR/chap_03/c3_11.htm
76%
550. NatureServe: Dichotomous Keys to Geographically Isolated Wetland Types in the

United States
3b. Peatlands that occur on expansive, flat landscapes in areas of high rainfall and low
temperatures. Vegetation is dominated by thick to widely spaced stunted trees, continuous to
patchy shrubs, and open areas of herbaceous plants. Dominant tree species
http://www.natureserve.org./getData/wetlands_dichotomous_keys.jsp
76%
551. ocean (Earth feature) :: Temperature distribution ...

ocean (Earth feature), Temperature distribution, Britannica Online Encyclopedia, Mid-ocean surface
... Earth’s outer layers, from the crust ... Holocene Epoch (geochronology): Deep ...
http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/424285/ocean/67078/Temperature-distribution
76%
552. Ocean | BookRags.com

As the initial crust of the Earth ... Below this permanent thermocline, temperatures decrease
slowly. In the very deep ocean basins, the temperature may be observed to increase ...
http://www.bookrags.com/eb/ocean-eb/
76%
553. Ocean current: Definition from Answers.com

ocean current ( shn krnt ) ( oceanography ) A net transport of ocean water along a definable
http://rds.yahoo.com/_ylt=A0geupXWcFtMTPIAXmiEzbkF;_ylu=X3oDMTBybjIxbDhlBHNlYwNzcgRw
b3MDMARjb2xvA2FjMgR2dGlkAw--/SIG=120b39u8t/EXP=1281147478/**http://www.answers.com/
topic/ocean-current-2
76%
554. Oceans Papers 1970-2000.xls

Aug 2009 - ...viewing 1970 September 85 Deep submergence photographic...measurements of sea
surface temperature 1970 September 96 The measurement of sea surface temperature with an
infrared radiometer...missile scoring system for deep and remote ocean site
http://www.mtsociety.org/pdf/publications/oceanspapers1970-2000.pdf
76%
555. ORIGINAL PAPER The Bremen ocean bottom tiltmeter (OBT) – a technical...
May 2007 - ...2000) show that ocean floor noise spectra...designs known from ocean bottom
seismometers (OBS), ocean bottom hy- drophones...developed analogue deep sea level
(Fabian...sensor measures the temperature inside the sensor pressure...
http://www.geo.uni-bremen.de/sensorik/publikationen/FabianANDVillinger2007.pdf
76%
556. RESULTS
The excellent timescales for Site 1218 and 1219 and potential for further refinements will help to
evaluate the rates of change in ice volume and deep-ocean temperatures. Average sedimentation
rates in the lower Oligocene are relatively high for a deep-oce
http://www-odp.tamu.edu/publications/199_IR/chap_01/c1_3.htm
76%
557. Save Your Planet

18 . . . that is forming a crust of some kind....
http://seo-fundamentals.blogspot.com/2010/02/save-your-planet.html
76%
558. Sensuous climate science: most beautiful curves on the planet

Hansen describes how the sun's brightness has increased . 4% over the past 65 million years, while
Earth has actually cooled, so the sun can't be the cause o ... As the continents move, Hansen says,
they can ride over ocean crust - which has massive amoun
http://hinessight.blogs.com/hinessight/2010/02/sensuous-climate-science-most-beautiful-curves-on
-the-planet.html
76%
559. SR- The Structure of the Earth

The temperature and the pressure within the mantle also increase with ... The crust is much
thinner than the mantle and the outer and inner cores. ...
http://www.comevisit.com/mrjennings/SR_Earthstr.htm
76%
560. Stephen Lendman on Haiti, disaster capitalism, and other atrocities

In a recent paper, he said: "mining activities disturb the in-situ stress in the upper continental crust
and can trigger earthquakes (human-triggered seismicity)....
http://jamesfetzer.blogspot.com/2010/02/stephen-lendman-on-haiti-disaster.html
76%
561. The Abyss

As you proceed down, the pressure increases 15 pounds ... discoveries were made on the deep
ocean floor 500 miles off ... changed the surrounding water (at 2°C) to temperatures ...
http://seagrant.gso.uri.edu/factsheets/abyss.html
76%
562. Through Thick or Thin: Exploring Europa's Outer Layer of Ice

The mixing of ice crust and subsurface ocean may provide microorganisms with ... into the deep
portions of Europa's ice shell and presumably back into the ocean. ...
http://www.astrobio.net/exclusive/16/through-thick-or-thin-exploring-europas-outer-layer-of-ice
76%
563. What is Earth crust? - A definition of Earth crust from the ecomii ...
Due to increasing temperature and pressure with depth, the metamorphic grade of rocks increases
with depth, and the rocks within the deep continental crust ... that the ocean crust ...
http://www.ecomii.com/science/encyclopedia/earth-crust
76%

May 14, 2008 ... Also, if you go deep enough in the water, would you be able to touch the ... The
outer layer on which you stand IS the crust, below it is the rocky ... We are like fish at the bottom
of an ocean of air, except that water has a ... we would
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565. [PDF] LightSAR Science Requirements and Mission Enhancements

The accumulation of strain in the Earth's crust is the first order indicator of ..... coastal and
deep-ocean physical processes. This information is varied ...
http://southport.jpl.nasa.gov/lightsar/lsscireq.pdf
75%
566. [PDF]69 questions - Name: 1) Which statement best describes the ...
done through the oceanic crust rather than through the continental crust because oceanic ... of
temperature increase below the Earth's surface is greatest between depths of ... that extends deep
into the Earth's interior. Points A and B ...
http://www.reviewearthscience.com/subjects/es/review/topic-spec/EQinterior.pdf
75%
567. [PDF]Deep below the surface of the world's oceans, lies a vast and ...
Deep ocean pressures force seawater through cracks in the crust of the earth, ... A funnel mouth at
the input end would act as a venturi to increase flow ... heat it took to raise the water to a given
temperature, we can also know how ...
http://www.marshallsystem.com/article2.pdf
75%
568. [PDF]Electrical resistivity models of the oceanic crust based on ...

resistivity profiles for the crust and upper mantle beneath the deep .... complex, the gabbro grades
upward into the sheeted complex by a gradual increase in the ... a mean resistivity (at room
temperature and pressure) for oceanic ...
http://www3.interscience.wiley.com/journal/119607083/articletext?DOI=10.1111/j.1365-246X.1979
.tb00162.x
75%
569. [PDF]Lecture 19-Ocean Circulation and Paleoclimate

Nov 6, 2006 ... freezing owing to its salt content) fills the deep ocean below 2500 m depth ...
Density increases as temperature declines and salinity increases. ... Also means that, as the ocean
crust cools and sinks, the crust passes ...
http://sorcerer.ucsd.edu/ERTH50/Lect19-Ocean%20circulation.pdf
75%
570. [PDF]Mantle plumes from ancient oceanic crust

deep mantle. This separation need not be, and is ... obtain rough estimates of the temperature
increase ..... increase of the oceanic crust if the entire influx is added to the oceanic crust of
basaltic composition, produced at a rate ...
http://www.mpch-mainz.mpg.de/~geo/hofmann/Hofmann&White,_1982.pdf
75%
571. [PDF]Pressure-temperature Phase Diagram of the Earth

continental crust, oceanic crust, geotherms and atmospheric lapse rates) are .... The inhabited
fraction of liquid water may increase as deep subsurface ...
http://arxiv4.library.cornell.edu/pdf/1005.2440
75%
572. [PDF]The formation of SiO2-rich melts within the deep oceanic crust ...
that anatexis was coeval to high-temperature shearing. (Malpas 1979; Pedersen and Malpas ....
deep oceanic crust. The application of these findings to ..... resulting in drastically increased TiO2
contents relative to primitive MORB. ...
http://www.springerlink.com/index/A670M8J284N14672.pdf
75%
573. 06 ENERGY
Figure 6-1 Important nonrenewable energy resources that can be removed from the earth's crust
are coal, oil, natural gas, and some forms of geothermal energy. Nonrenewable uranium ore is also
extracted from the earth's crust and then processed to increase
http://www.geowords.org/ensci/06/06.htm
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574. 300 Earth's Ocean

Temperature and salinity are rather constant: 21°C to 26°C (70°F to 80°F) and slightly ...
Deep-ocean currents are driven by density differences: the colder the water and the ...
http://www.csun.edu/~khurst/ES300/Fritche/300ocean.html
75%
575. 8th Grade Geology Introduction

Divergent Plate Boundary – Oceanic: When a divergent boundary occurs beneath oceanic
lithosphere, the rising convection current below lifts the lithosphere p roducing a mid-ocean ridge.
... Extensional forces stretch the lithosphere and produce a deep fiss
http://masonscience.wordpress.com/2010/02/04/8th-grade-geology-introduction/
75%
576. A complete oxygen isotope profile through the lower oceanic crust, ODP Hole 735B
Gao, Y. / Hoefs, J. / Przybilla, R. / Snow, J.E.,Chemical Geology,233(3),p.217-234,Oct 2006 -
...894F and 894G (Hess Deep) ~1 Fast (135) Lecuyer...tectonically exhumed at Hess Deep Rift
Gabbros have...value of 4.8%%. Hess Deep (tectonic exposure...al. (199
http://208.68.138.205/srsapp/search?q=increase+temperature+deep+ocean+crust&t=all&p=100&
drill=yes&md5=2af0eb97fdabd53d5a339e7e00cc3e86
75%
577. A LEGACY SITE IN JURASSIC CRUST

During ODP, few deep holes have been drilled into oceanic crust. ... of the extrusive layers and
indicate a 10°–30° increase in dip downhole with lava .... chemistry indicates that higher
temperatures of mantle melting beneath Pacific ...
http://www-odp.tamu.edu/publications/185_SR/synth/synth_3.htm
75%
578. Aftershock: In HARMS Way, part 2

When the earthquake struck, it struck hard and deep....
http://ionamiller.wordpress.com/2010/02/03/aftershock-in-harms-way-part-2
75%
579. AGU Fall Meeting 2007 Abstracts

... the across-axis permeability and temperature ... Pacific Rise (EPR) observed at Hess Deep. In
this modern ocean setting, ~1 Ma crust ... the rate of seismic activity increases by ...
http://www.agu.org/meetings/fm07/fm07-sessions/fm07_T23B.html
75%
580. Betts Cove Ophiolite

... direct access to samples of ocean crust and upper mantle; and ... and uranium from the
subducting slab and sediments, lowered the melting temperature in the convecting mantle ...
http://members.shaw.ca/ph-design/BettsCove/index.html
75%
581. Biological mediation in ocean crust alteration: how deep is ...

The upper 200–300 m of these ocean crustal sections have generally ... increasing to 115°C at 500
m [17]. ...
http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0012821X99000059
75%
582. Browse - NASA Lunar Science Institute

The resultant crater will likely be approximately 3 meters deep and about 20-30 .... to the center of
the Earth leaving behind a less-dense outer layer/crust. ..... energy from the temperature contrast,
but of course the Moon rotates. ..... of continents a
http://lunarscience.arc.nasa.gov/ask-browse
75%
583. Currents and Tides - MarineBio.org

Currents and Tides @ MarineBio.org ... Introduction History of the Ocean Ocean Chemistry Light
and Color The Ocean and Temperature Sounds of the Sea Currents and Tides ...
http://www.marinebio.org/Oceans/currents-tides.asp
75%
584. Cyprus Environment and Energy (2009)

... rocks, as fossil fuels and in deep ocean waters and do not normally enter the ... two sinks,
essentially land vegetation and the ocean, increasing their uptakes. ...
http://rds.yahoo.com/_ylt=A0oG76TZcFtMB.4AK8OEzbkF;_ylu=X3oDMTBybjIxbDhlBHNlYwNzcgRw
b3MDMARjb2xvA2FjMgR2dGlkAw--/SIG=12kn3k2s1/EXP=1281147481/**http://www.cypenv.info/c
yprusee/files/climate/sequestration.aspx
75%
585. Deep Biosphere Research Points To New Methods For Recovering ...
Oct 8, 2008 ... "The secret appears to lie in how temperature and pressure affect the ... variety,
and complexity of compounds all increase with time, ... New Images Suggest Oceanic Crust
Generated From Several Magma Sources (Sep. ...
75%
586. Deep Sea Waters, Ocean Animals, Sea News, Underwater Explorations ...
Ocean temperatures and sea level increases 50 percent higher ... Earth's Ocean-Bottom Crust.
Seafloor bacteria on ocean ... know range of Ocean waters are being contaminated. Deep sea ...
http://www.deepseawaters.com/deep_sea_articles.htm
75%
587. Earth
As you go deeper into the Earth, both temperature and density increase. ... rocky crust. This is the
surface of Earth. It is a few miles deep but ...
http://rds.yahoo.com/_ylt=A0geupXWcFtMTPIAYGiEzbkF;_ylu=X3oDMTByMTNuNTZzBHNlYwNzcgR
wb3MDMgRjb2xvA2FjMgR2dGlkAw--/SIG=122548ifd/EXP=1281147478/**http://library.thinkquest.
org/26490/Earth.html
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588. Earth-Moon
The crust is the outermost 30km or so of rock. The continents and ocean are on the surface of the
crust. ... drives the Earth's temperature up, increasing the energy emitted per ...
http://rds.yahoo.com/_ylt=A0geulbYcFtMIckAiqGEzbkF;_ylu=X3oDMTBybjIxbDhlBHNlYwNzcgRwb3
MDMARjb2xvA2FjMgR2dGlkAw--/SIG=12bn6a5lh/EXP=1281147480/**http://www.astro.psu.edu/u
sers/steinn/Astro1/lec10.html
75%
589. EMU GESC 108 Earth Science Syllabus

What is the geothermal gradient in the lower peninsula of Michigan? At what temperature do rocks
begin to melt? List the 3 influences on viscosity we discussed in class. What is the temperature,
SiO2 content, viscosity, volatile content, and expected type
http://www.emich.edu/public/geo/bradley/108sylla.htm
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590. Extreme Life, Marine Style, Highlights 2006 Ocean Census

Frontiers of marine knowledge were extended by the Census of Marine Life in 2006, highlights of
which include life adapted to brutal conditions around 407ºC ...
http://rds.yahoo.com/_ylt=A0geulbYcFtMIckAi6GEzbkF;_ylu=X3oDMTBybnZlZnRlBHNlYwNzcgRwb3
MDMQRjb2xvA2FjMgR2dGlkAw--/SIG=12hm7a2c0/EXP=1281147480/**http://www.sciencedaily.co
m/releases/2006/12/061211092709.htm
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591. From unthinned continent to ocean: The deep structure of the West Iberia passive
continental margin at 38oN
Afilhado, A. / Matias, L. / Shiobara, H. / Hirn, A. / Mendes-Victor, L. / Shimamura,
H.,Tectonophysics,458(1),p.9-50,Oct 2008 - ...in the text. The increase of Pn amplitude
observed...km/s) imaging the deep crust and the lithospheric...is followed by its i
drill=yes&md5=3341c1ed288443acd7d221dfc14aff20
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592. GENERAL KNOWLEDGE Pt. II

Unless heated to a very high temperature, the contents of the cavities do not emerge....
http://www.fruitstree.com/article/general-knowledge-pt-ii
75%
593. GENESIS AND THE ORIGIN OF COAL AND OIL – A Review

The resistance goes even deeper though....
http://narrowgatejournal.wordpress.com/2010/02/04/genesis-and-the-origin-of-coal-and-oil-a-revie
w/
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594. Giant squid.

" These reversals in the equatorial Pacific cause changes in water temperature and climate over
several continents, often with catastrophic effects. ... I would immediately begin research on the
possibility that there may be something big going on deep bel
http://thomasdow.blogspot.com/2010/02/giant-squid.html
75%
595. GSA Press Release - April GEOLOGY and GSA TODAY Media Highlights
The Geological Society of America -- Highlights from Geology and GSA Today ... within the mantle
accumulates in axial magma chambers and builds the ocean crust. ...
http://rds.yahoo.com/_ylt=A0oG76TZcFtMB.4ALcOEzbkF;_ylu=X3oDMTByMTNuNTZzBHNlYwNzcgR
wb3MDMgRjb2xvA2FjMgR2dGlkAw--/SIG=11v819m5d/EXP=1281147481/**http://www.geosociety.
org/news/pr/08-14.htm
75%
596. Hawaiian Islands weather details & Aloha paragraphs / February 8-9, 2010
Air Temperatures – The following maximum temperatures were recorded across the state of Hawaii
Monday afternoon:...
http://www.hawaiiweathertoday.com/?p=4109
75%
597. How deep do i need to drill down to reach a temperature of ...

Jun 22, 2007 ... It is roughly 9 km deep, and the temperature at the base was about 270 ºC. ... or
on the oceanic crust, where the crust may only be 100 km (62 miles) thick .... The temperature
within the Earth's crust increases about… ...
http://uk.answers.yahoo.com/question/index?qid=20070622124023AAO7Xpd
75%
598. January 2010

Since then, its centralized economy has been transforming, and the number of private-own
enterprises has been increasing....
http://yasuhitoshiho.blogspot.com/2010/01/january-2010.html
75%
599. Mantle (geology) - New World Encyclopedia

The distinction between crust and mantle is based on chemistry, rock types, rheology and ... crust
and mantle) and on the increase in temperature and pressure as ...
http://www.newworldencyclopedia.org/entry/Mantle_(geology)
75%
600. Mar-Eco - List of all backgrounders

Learn more about deep sea life, the mid-Atlantic ridge and marine ... of 150 and can switch of its
colour and become white! Weird and wonderful deep sea fish ...
http://www.mar-eco.no/learning-zone/backgrounders/list_of_all_backgrounders
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601. Metastable garnet in oceanic crust at the top of the lower ...
106–107 yr, even at a higher temperature of 1600 K and a grain size of 1 mm. ... by ANUTECH)
was used in order to increase X-ray transmissivity. .... mantle phase transformations and deep
earthquakes in subducting oceanic lithosphere. ...
http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v420/n6917/full/nature01281.html
75%
602. ocean (Earth feature) :: Density of seawater and pressure - Britannica Online
Encyclopedia
Aug 2009 - ...and interannual ocean-atmosphere interactions...considerations Link between ocean
surface temperature and climate anomalies...tropical cyclones on ocean waters Influence
on...ocean basins Oceanic crust Structure and composition...Transform fa
http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/424285/ocean/67080/Density-of-seawater-and-pressu
re
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603. ocean: Definition from Answers.com

Pressure in the ocean waters increases with increasing depth ... The deep ocean floor begins at the
seaward edge ... Geologically, an ocean is an area of oceanic crust covered by water.
http://www.answers.com/topic/ocean
75%
604. Saturn's Enceladus Joins Earth & Titan With Discovery of Water
... pockets in Enceladus’ thick ice crust or still connected to a large ocean in contact with the rocky
core....
http://great-discoveries-channel.blogspot.com/2010/02/saturns-enceladus-joins-earth-titan.html
75%
605. SEAWATER, SOUND & ICE

temperature range that depends upon location and time of year. Warm or cold ocean ... Water
temperature in the open ocean varies from a low of 28.4 degrees F (the ...
http://oceansjsu.com/105d/Readings/Seawater_Sound_Ice.pdf
75%
606. Skinner Chapter 4 - Study

32. The increase in temperature with depth inside the Earth is called ... 49. What are the main
differences between oceanic crust and continental ...
http://www.li.suu.edu/Library/Circulation/Lohrengel/geol1013flChap4StudyQuestions.pdf
75%
607. spinoff 2004-RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT AT NASA

Mar 25, 2010 ... The image shows a region of Europa's crust made up of blocks which are ... that
Europa may have had a subsurface ocean at some time in its past. ... electrocardiogram (EKG),
breathing rate, and temperature. ..... sudden and surprising incr
http://www.sti.nasa.gov/tto/Spinoff2004/rd_2.html
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608. TÃƒÂ-tulo de la pÃƒ¡gina

(4) Temperature anomaly in the Water Column. Although, unequivocal evidences of positive
temperature anomalies do not exist in the bottom water that surrounds the methane active
sources, it has been generally associated to high heat flows of source organis
http://www.hydrates.ucv.cl/pagei07.html
75%
609. Unit 2. The Open Ocean

May 2008 - ...Coastal upwelling 413. Coastal sinking 2–3. Deep-Ocean Circulation 414. Deep-ocean
circulation 415. Ocean fronts and eddies...movement of water. The direction, speed, and the
temperature of the water masses moved by the ocean...
http://www.fas.org/spp/military/docops/afwa/ocean-U2.htm
75%
610. US NSF - GEO - OCE - The Future of Basic Research in the ...
Given the rapid increase in Lagrangian measurements by drifting and profiling ... from the deep
Earth, hydrothermal circulation in ocean crust and sediments, or ...
http://rds.yahoo.com/_ylt=A0geulbYcFtMIckAjKGEzbkF;_ylu=X3oDMTByMTNuNTZzBHNlYwNzcgRw
b3MDMgRjb2xvA2FjMgR2dGlkAw--/SIG=121liumn4/EXP=1281147480/**http://www.nsf.gov/geo/o
ce/whatis/futures.jsp
75%
611. Weekly Ocean News

However, only the finer fraction of river-borne sediment is swept into the deep ocean waters.
Thickening of marine sediments in the direction of the continental margin may also reflect the
aging of oceanic crust with distance away from divergent (spreading
http://www.aos.wisc.edu/~hopkins/oceans/fall_08/DSOf08news04.html
75%
612. WHOI : Oceanus : Peering into the Crystal Fabric of Rocks

WHOI : Oceanus : Peering into the Crystal Fabric of Rocks ... has a rheological foundation—the
cracks and conduits within ocean crust that set the stage for the process. ...
http://www.whoi.edu/oceanus/viewArticle.do?id=2494
75%
613. WikiAnswers - What happens to temperature and pressure as you ...

What causes pressure to incease as you go deeper below the crust? What happens to ocean
temperatures the deeper one goes and why? ...
http://wiki.answers.com/Q/What_happens_to_temperature_and_pressure_as_you_go_deeper_into
_the_ocean
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614. [PDF] SETI Institute Planetary Biology, Evolution, and Intelligence

up the bulk of the crust and could therefore be of global importance. ..... of temperature, time and
grain size of the sam- ... with an overlying silicate carapace and a deep ocean of ammonia-water
liquid (Sagan and. Thompson 1984). ...
http://nssdcftp.gsfc.nasa.gov/miscellaneous/astrobiology/NAI_2001-2003/NAI2003_SETI.pdf
74%
615. [PDF]1 UNIT 12 IGNEOUS ACTIVITY (Chapters 4 & 5) Study Guide ...
Today most of Earth's exposed igneous rocks are found as oceanic crust. ... Geothermal gradient:
the increase in temperature with depth into the Earth (S. ... Black smokers are deep ocean vents of
hot water and gases associated with ...
http://www.delmar.edu/nsci/geology/wkramer/physgeol/unit12/unit12_studyguide.pdf
74%
616. [PDF]2 The Oceanic Environment

The Oceanic Crust: Crust is formed at ridges, ... increases with decreasing temperature ... sinking,
surface water brought to deep sea - ...
http://life.bio.sunysb.edu/marinebio/bio353/chapters/ch02.pdf
74%
617. [PDF]Deep Drilling into Oceanic</a> - <a href="#4">Deep Drilling ...

oceanic crust remains unachieved. Deep Sea Drilling Project ..... Temperature recorded by TAP
tool. Increase in borehole temperature with time is recorded ...
http://www.icdp-online.org/upload/pdf/scientific%20drilling/SDjournal_no3_06_final_web.pdf
74%
618. [PDF]DYNAMIC CRUST REVIEW 1. According to the Earth Science ...

4 The density of oceanic crust is greater than the density of continental crust. ... 4 Seafloor
temperatures increase as the distance from the ridge increases. ... 1 the cold water deep in the
ocean kills shallow- water organisms ...
http://mrromano.com/ES%20Review/Topic%2011%20Review/Dynamic%20Crust%20Review.pdf
74%
619. [PDF]Geological consequences of superplumes

The removal of high-temperature material increased the temperature gradient just above the
core-mantle boundary and allowed .... increase in ocean-crust production. This is espe- ..... et al.,
Initial reports of the Deep Sea Drilling ...
http://www.es.ucsc.edu/~rcoe/eart206/Larson_superplume2_Geology91.pdf
74%
620. [PDF]The OCEAN DRILLING PROGRAM: UNDERSTANDING THE EARTH BENEATH ...
that oceanic basement increased in age with distance from the mid-ocean ridge, ... by a break
down of the hydrate, caused by increasing temperature with depth. ... holes in the deep ocean
crust. Sensor strings will hang off a recording ...
http://www.law.gmu.edu/nctl/stpp/us_korea_pubs/ocean_falvey.pdf
74%
621. [PPT]Week 2B Figures (.ppt) - PowerPoint Presentation

1 0/00 change in d18O for each 4.2°C increase in water temperature. ... Seafloor spreading was
fast, and mid-ocean ridges were elevated (along with older ocean crust). ... Deep ocean 100 My
ago was filled with warm saline bottom water; ...
http://courses.washington.edu/ocean450/figures_10/Week%202b%202010.ppt
74%
622. 1st International Symposium on Deep Seismic Profiling of the ...

Deep Reflections from the Caledonides and Variscides West of Britain and ... The Deep Crust in
Convergent and Divergent Terranes: Laramide Uplifts and Basin ...
http://www.earthscrust.org/earthscrust/reports/newyork.html
74%
623. Cenozoic Deep-Sea Temperatures and Global Ice Volumes from ...
1C) shows a consistent long-term decrease in deep-ocean temperature of ~12°C over the past 50
My. .... 18O increase at this time can be attributed to an increase in .... remove some of this Mg by
exchange for Ca from the oceanic crust. ...
http://www.scienceonline.org/cgi/content/full/287/5451/269
74%
624. Cooling rates in the lower crust of the Oman ophiolite: Ca in olivine, revisited
VanTongeren, J.A. / Kelemen, P.B. / Hanghoj, K.,Earth and Planetary Science
Letters,267(1),p.69-82,Mar 2008 - ...Calculations of closure temperature (Tc) and cooling
rate...Cooling rates in the lower crust of the Oman ophiolite...accretion of oceanic lower
drill=yes&md5=593a73bd29a38a34af9c77e9e2138a60
74%
625. Core Mantle Change Impact Mine

Scribd is the world's largest social reading and publishing site. ...
Increase-Pressure-Deep-Ocean-Crust 84% 104. Increase Temperature Deep Mine Core Mantle
Change Impact Mine. ...
http://www.scribd.com/doc/34776009/Core-Mantle-Change-Impact-Mine
74%
626. Deep Biosphere

fluxes, both within the crust and between the crust and the oceans. ... ternal fluid flux and
ocean-crust chemical exchange and to determine hydrological ...
http://www.j-desc.org/modules/tinyd0/rewrite/uploads/docs/INVEST/2003_deep_bio_subseafloor_
ocean_ISP.pdf
74%
627. Deep sea vent - MicrobeWiki

Biorealm Niche: Deep Sea Vent. Hydrothermal circulation and chemical ... neighboring deep sea
communities may be affected by the high temperature and ...
http://microbewiki.kenyon.edu/index.php?title=Deep_sea_vent&redirect=no
74%
628. Divergent Boundaries: Origin and Evolution of The Ocean Floor

In the name “mid-ocean ridge,” what is perhaps ... Why does thickness of the oceanic lithosphere
increase with ... that have produced the components of the oceanic crust by ...
http://wps.prenhall.com/esm_tarbuck_earth_8e/47/12121/3103129.cw/-/3103155/index.html
74%
629. GEOL205: Petrology

The older the ocean crust gets, the more dirt, grime, and ooze builds ... plume would not only
cause a temperature increase, but also would bring up deeper ...
http://www.uhh.hawaii.edu/~kenhon/GEOL205/petrology/default.htm
74%
630. Geologists Discover New Class Of Spreading Ridge On Sea Bottom

Washington - Nov 27, 2003 - Scientists have discovered a new ... of the planet-in the far south
Atlantic and Indian Oceans and the sea floor beneath the Arctic icecap-found ...
http://www.spacedaily.com/news/tectonics-03s.html
74%
631. Geothermal Energy Facts

The Earth's crust is broken into a large number of pieces called plates. ... The temperature
increases with an increase in the depth of the Earth's surface. ...
http://www.buzzle.com/articles/geothermal-energy-facts.html
74%
632. Goldschmidt Abstracts 2009 - S

Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta,73(13),p.A1139-A1301,Jun 2009 - ...edu) Cretaceous ocean
anoxic events...Did it include increase in average rates...the course of an ocean anoxic event...Cu,
Hg, Pb and Zn increase with distance...isotopic behavior in deep g
drill=yes&md5=1aa85bf644fb85a38dcd2e6b53dff0b7
74%
633. IGNEOUS ROCKS - Georgia Southwestern State University

Temperature could be increased by moving material deeper within the earth or by .... It is the
dominant component of oceanic crust and oceanic islands. ...
http://itc.gsw.edu/faculty/tweiland/igneous.htm
74%
634. Link to all written lecture notes lecture notes here

Also increase in temperature by 10??qC doubles the rate of chemical reactions. ... Note that the
deep oceans (>4 km deep) are not saturated with calcite and so ...
http://www.sonoma.edu/users/k/karner/F08.102.web/F08.102.Notes.htm
74%
635. Making a crust in the southern ocean

... heated to furnace temperatures and jets back to the ocean ... world’s only mid-ocean ridge crust
exposed above sea level outside of Iceland. It has deep ... global populations increase ...
http://www.mesa.edu.au/resources/gd.asp
74%
636. Mantle (geology) - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Although the higher temperatures far exceed the melting points of the mantle rocks at ... There
exists increasing pressure as one travels deeper into the mantle, since the ... Oceanic crust is
generally less than 10 kilometers thick. ...
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mantle_(geology)
74%
637. Mars
[21] Earth's crust, averaging 40 km, is only a third as thick as Mars’ crust relative to the sizes of the
two planets....
http://cnathael.blogspot.com/2010/01/mars.html
74%
638. Minerals, Rocks & Rock Forming Processes

They form trough partial melting of subducted ocean crust ... To the deep, deathlike valleys below.
Some say God ... The rate of diffusion also increases with temperature.
http://www.indiana.edu/~geol105/1425chap5.htm
74%
639. Nitrogen concentration and ´15N of altered oceanic crust obtained on ODP Legs 129
and 185: Insights into...
Li, L. / Bebout, G.E. / Idleman, B.D.,Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta,71(9),p.2344-2360,May
2007 - ...of altered oceanic crust obtained on ODP Legs...in altered oceanic crust (AOC) is
critical...highly heterogeneous temperature and redox conditions...less-
drill=yes&md5=524c8d5404b3e5550416d5404807696d
74%

2. The oceanic crust is 6 km thick and the mean ocean depth is 4 km. If the ... rate of the
mid-ocean ridge system were to increase by 50%, estimate the size ...
http://www2.ocean.washington.edu/oc540-97/problems/set1.html
74%
641. On the Existence of Alien & Technologically Intelligent Extraterrestrial Life

On the matter of the existence of complex, cognitively advanced organismic life beyond Earth - for
http://cosmologicalprophet.blogspot.com/2009/10/on-existence-of-alien-technologicallly.html
74%
642. Palaeos Proterozoic: The Paleoproterozoic Era

The Early Paleoproterozoic is also the earliest time that normal plate boundaries, boundaries
between essentially rigid crust elements, are seen in the geological record. Stanley (1998). Stanley
also notes that the total volume of continental crust first a
http://www.palaeos.com/Proterozoic/Paleoproterozoic/Paleoproterozoic.html
74%
643. Permafrost Melt

increase evident on the crust. This is not lineal, and the crust It won't all come out at once or even
over several decades, but if temperatures increase, then
http://www.zetatalk3.com/theword/tworx554.htm
74%
644. Plate Tectonics Evolution of Continents, Ocean Basins ...

Depth of crust increases away from ridge . Age of crust ... Age/temperature) Which one wins?
Deep trench on “ocean” side; Arcuate line of islands ~100 Km land ...
http://www.owlnet.rice.edu/~esci321/PlateTectonics.ppt
74%
645. Reference for Mantle (geology) - Search.com

exists increasing pressure as one travels deeper into the mantle, ... to the relative thinness of the
oceanic crust as compared to the significantly ... This is
http://www.search.com/reference/Mantle_(geology)
74%
646. STRUCTURE OF THE EARTH

2. deep in the Earth, because of high pressure and temperature, ... ocean crust and is so much
thicker, it always. overrides the oceanic crust - topography ...
http://www.eas.slu.edu/People/KChauff/earth_systems/ESYS2-2000.pdf
74%
647. Temperature from sedimentary successions

... through coring by the Deep Sea Drilling Project (DSDP) and the Ocean ... predicted trend of
crust overlying normal upper mantle temperatures. ... et al. (1988) to increase ...
http://www.mantleplumes.org/SedTemp.html
74%
648. The Cause of the Earth's Magnetic Field SOLVED

Places deep in the Earth’s crust (where the temperature is higher than on ... to local weak
integrating and increasing effect as seen in the Indian ocean.
http://www.science27.com/Earth/index.htm
74%
649. The Day After Tomorrow: Good and Bad Science as Presented in the Movie
Average air temperatures rise and the secondary effect is an increase water temperatures....
http://guabbie.wordpress.com/2010/01/27/the-day-after-tomorrow-good-and-bad-science-as-prese
nted-in-the-movie
74%
650. The Matter of Cognitively and Technologically Advanced E

On the matter of the existence of complex, cognitively advanced organismic life beyond Earth - for
http://chocolateprophet.blogspot.com/2010/01/matter-of-cognitively-and_09.html
74%
651. The Voyager Planetary Mission

It showed two distinct types of terrain -- cratered and grooved -- suggesting to scientists that
Ganymede's entire icy crust has been under tension from global tectonic processes. Callisto has a
very old, heavily cratered crust showing remnant rings of eno
http://www.if.ufrgs.br/ast/solar/portug/vgrfs.htm
74%
652. UNIT II: THE DYNAMIC CRUST
... high elevations and at great ocean depths indicate changes in of the crust. c. Tilted and ... zones
of crustal activity are associated with high, young ranges and deep ocean. ...
http://charlesburrows.com/GreenNotes/unitII.html
74%
653. Venus
A younger Venus is believed to have possessed Earth-like oceans,[8] but these totally evaporated
as the temperature rose, leaving a dusty dry desertscape with many s lab-like rocks....
http://cnathael.blogspot.com/2010/01/venus.html
74%
654. Water at Ocean Vents Isn't Water—It's a Gas-Liquid Hybrid ...

You've heard about the freaky animals at ocean vents. Now check out the freaky water. Visit
Discover Magazine to read this article and other exclusive science and ...
http://discovermagazine.com/2008/nov/05-water-at-ocean-vents-isn.t-water-gas-liquid-hybrid
74%
655. [PDF] Biosignatures and Planetary Properties to be Investigated by the ...

the degree of oxidation of a planet's crust and upper mantle. ..... have the choice in our solar
system of seeing planets having mainly ice-free oceans, and in ..... that are hidden by deep, totally
opaque material cannot be recognized. .... the 15-?m band
http://planetquest.jpl.nasa.gov/TPF/TPF_Biomrkr_REV_3_02.pdf
73%
656. [PDF] PLANETARY PROTECTION FOR EUROPA

the deep ice crust or into the underlying ocean. Thus, the task group's majority .... In other words,
much of the lander was subject to a higher temperature ...
http://nssdcftp.gsfc.nasa.gov/miscellaneous/jupiter/NRC_SSB_Reports/Europa/Preventing the
Forward Contamination of Europa 2000.pdf
73%
657. [PDF] Rev. A

detectable, depending upon the degree of oxidation of a planet's crust ..... in our solar system of
seeing planets having mainly ice-free oceans, and ..... that are hidden by deep, totally opaque
material cannot be recognized. .... The widths of water and
http://planetquest.jpl.nasa.gov/TPF/TPFrevue/BioJun02.pdf
73%
658. [PDF] WORKSHOP ON _ /¢ CHEMICAL WEATHERING ON MARS

of deep-weathering of terrestrial igneous rocks. [14], reported occurrences .... crust correlate
with the ISM measurements, which indicate pyroxene compositions ... on pH as well as
temperature, ionic strength, and concentration ... of Fe and Ai in alter
http://ntrs.nasa.gov/archive/nasa/casi.ntrs.nasa.gov/19930014003_1993014003.pdf
73%
659. [PDF]1-D resistivity structures of the oceanic crust around the ...
(b) Temperature profiles of pore-fluid within the oceanic crust for the ... the resistivity in the
deeper layers increases with depth. On ...
http://www.terrapub.co.jp/journals/EPS/pdf/2005/5707/57070673.pdf
73%
660. [PDF]Thermal contraction and alteration of the oceanic crust
In the deep ocean basins the temperature at the top of layer 3 is on the order of 120 .... tinual
progressive alteration of the ocean crust and an increase ...
http://geology.geoscienceworld.org/cgi/reprint/6/12/726.pdf
73%
661. 1478.PDF
The temperature at the base of the crust is about 1000-1050°C, the estimated ... for the
generation of mare volcanism lay deep within the. Moon and that the physical ...
http://www.lpi.usra.edu/meetings/lpsc97/pdf/1478.PDF
73%
662. 2006 — Gravity Control

A very complex picture indeed, which indicates that an increase in non-uniform distortions can be
anticipated to dramatically affect the stability of our planet, especially the surface crust.
http://www.gravitycontrol.org/blog/2006/page/4/
73%
663. 4. Sources of Sea Salt

Ocean Temperature 10. Solar Radiation 11. Properties ... while others have escaped from the
Earth's crust ... does the concentration of dissolved salts increase in ...
http://oceansjsu.com/105d/exped_briny/4.html
73%
664. A geochemical modelling study of the evolution of the ...

represent interactions between the deep ocean and oceanic crust oc ... effect, together with a
sharp increase in temperature and the. development of widespread ...
http://www.biogeosciences.net/5/253/2008/bg-5-253-2008.pdf
73%
665. CHAPTER 8
radiation on the ocean including its temperature structure ... New crust forms at divergent plate
boundaries and crust is destroyed in subduction zones. ...
http://www.meteor.wisc.edu/~hopkins/WES/wesch08.pdf
73%
666. Depth versus age: new perspectives from the chemical compositions of ancient crust
Humler, E. / Langmuir, C. / Daux, V.,Earth and Planetary Science Letters,173(1),p.7-23,Nov 1999 -
...with time. oceanic crust thermal history lithosphere vertical movements Ocean Drilling Program
Deep Sea Drilling Project...that the depths of the ocean bas
drill=yes&md5=12c94a0c7bbcfcb67726ad17254e6e10
73%
667. Earth's crust (geology) - Britannica Online Encyclopedia

Britannica online encyclopedia article on Earth's crust (geology) ... The chemical composition of the
Earth's crust, oceans, and atmosphere can be studied, but this is only a ...
http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/176286/Earths-crust
73%
668. Earth's Oceans Power Point

As a result, fish and other animals can live in deep parts of the ocean. ... from deep within the
Earth flows up to the surface and cools and forms new crust. ...
http://www.tenafly.k12.nj.us/~plobosco/Earth’s%20Oceans.ppt
73%
669. EarthWire - Marine - Recent News - Deep Sea

The ocean crust may be the largest biological reservoir on our planet. ... Temperature and salt
levels of the Western Mediterranean are on the increase ... the temperature and salt levels of the
Western Mediterranean Sea between 1943 ...
http://www.earthwire.org/marine/?t=200573&tn=Deep%20Sea
73%
670. GEODYNAMICS 2002: The Year In Review

Magnetic Study of Rocks in the Kola and Krivoy Rog Deep Boreholes .... Because of the increasing
demand for these models, a website is being developed that .... In order to constrain the possible
origin of satellite altitude crustal magnetic ...... Geomagn
http://denali.gsfc.nasa.gov/annual2002/AR02_REPORT.htm
73%
671. Geologists Discover New Class of Spreading Ridge on Sea Bottom

Scientists have discovered a new "ultra-slow" class of ocean ridge involved in seafloor spreading.
Investigations in the remote regions of the planet found that for ...
http://www.newswise.com/articles/view/502124/
73%
672. Goldschmidt Abstracts 2009 - B

Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta,73(13),p.A66-A180,Jun 2009 - ...Conference Abstracts 2009 A68
Deep crustal xenoliths from the Scottish...varieties within the classic deep crustal xenolith suite of
the...Midland Valley) constrain the deep crustal structure,
drill=yes&md5=2baef4810a872e4a00235652c3543640
73%
673. Inside the volcano

... the melting is seawater being released from the ocean crust" in this deep, hot part of the ... in
pores in the rock under fantastic pressure and temperature (about ...
http://www.geology.wisc.edu/courses/g115/volcano/main2.html
73%
674. ISLAND ARCS AND DEPRESSIONS - a knol by Nikolay Kitov

A nearly impossible process for the ocean crust and a limited one for the land ... crust in general,
as well as some differences between land crust and ocean crust, ...
http://knol.google.com/k/island-arcs-and-depressions
73%
675. Life in the Ocean Home Page

These deep zones are where some of the most bizarre and fascinating ... As we dive deeper into
these largely unexplored places, the temperature drops and the pressure increases ...
http://www.trenton.k12.nj.us/mol/thomas/life_in_the_ocean_home_page.htm
73%
676. Man's Place in the Universe, by Alfred Russel Wallace

The new crust would necessarily for a long time be thinner than the older portion, because formed
so much later; but it would very soon become cool enough to allow the aqueous vapour of the
atmosphere and that given off through fissures from the molten int
http://wku.edu/~smithch/wallace/S728-3.htm
73%
677. MORB mantle hosts the missing Eu (Sr, Nb, Ta and Ti) in the continental crust: New
perspectives on crustal growth,...
Niu, Y. / O'Hara, M.J.,LITHOS,112(1),p.1-17,Sep 2009 - ...compositions of ocean island
basalts...type mid-ocean ridge basalts...continental crust compositions...and liquidus temperature
at low-pressure...Note that at deep crustal level...at a higher temper
drill=yes&md5=0547cde5a9596a451f4e2cec76a2ce21
73%
678. NAI: News Stories

The mixing of ice crust and subsurface ocean may provide microorganisms with ... into the deep
portions of Europa's ice shell and presumably back into the ocean. ...
http://nai.arc.nasa.gov/news_stories/news_detail.cfm?ID=183
73%
679. Ocean encyclopedia topics | Reference.com

Pressure in the ocean waters increases with increasing depth ... The deep ocean floor begins at the
seaward edge ... where molten rock is brought up from deep beneath the Earth's crust.
http://www.reference.com/browse/ocean
73%
680. Paleoclimates, ocean depth, and the oxygen isotopic composition of seawater
Kasting, J.F. / Howard, M.T. / Wallmann, K. / Veizer, J. / Shields, G. / Jaffres, J.,Earth and
Planetary Science Letters,252(1),p.82-93,Nov 2006 - ...fraction of deep crust exchanging
oxygen...intensity of low temperature alteration were...shallow and deep
drill=yes&md5=a3f4d5523c755fe560a43d591fedeb66
73%

Furthermore, after increasing the temperature of the oceans, much of the .... Why do we have
such lofty continents along with such deep ocean basins? ... However, when the crust of the earth
is considered, geologists estimate that ...
http://www.icr.org/article/planet-earth-plan-or-accident/
73%
682. Plate tectonics

... (from innermost to outermost) core, mantle, and crust. The lithosphere contains both crust and
some mantle. ... times, depending on its temperature, pressure and shear strength. ...
http://www.wikipediaondvd.com/nav/art/s/s.html
73%
683. The Deep Sea at MarineBio.org - Ocean biology, Marine life, ...
Pressure increases 1 atmosphere (atm) for each 10 m in depth. ... In most parts of the deep sea,
the water temperature is more uniform and constant. ... water comes from geysers in the seafloor
heated by magma beneath the earth's crust. ...
http://marinebio.org/Oceans/Deep/
73%
684. The geochemical consequences of late-stage low-grade alteration of lower ocean crust
at the SW Indian Ridge: results...
Bach, W. / Alt, J.C. / Niu, Y. / Humphris, S.E. / Erzinger, J. / Dick, H.J.B.,Geochimica et
Cosmochimica Acta,65(19),p.3267-3287,Oct 2001 - ...rapidly isolated from the ocean by a sediment
seal. Hence...elemental fluxes during lower crust-seawater reaction
drill=yes&md5=820b9b94463e566ea142c13a79cfac1a
73%
685. The importance of water to oceanic mantle melting regimes

The formation of basaltic crust at mid-ocean ridges and ocean islands provides a window ... deep
water-enhanced melting and/or an increase in potential ...
http://darkwing.uoregon.edu/~drt/Classes/Geophysics607_F05/Asimow_Langmuir_Nature.pdf
73%
686. The spatial and temporal patterning of the deep crust and implications for the process
of melt extraction
Brown, M.,Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and
Engineering Sciences,368(1910),p.11-51,Jan 2010 - doi:10.1098/rsta.2009.0200 - ...patterning of
the deep crust and implications...With increasing temperature, melt volu
http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsta.2009.0200
73%
687. The temperature of Europa's subsurface water ocean

Melosh, H.J. / Ekholm, A.G. / Showman, A.P. / Lorenz, R.D.,Icarus,168(2),p.498-502,Apr 2004 -
...A 100 km deep liquid water ocean probably...conundrum: Is the temperature of the
ocean...slightly in temperature and the internal...through the deep, low-visco
drill=yes&md5=0f8652257b7936dcb842adec9651613c
73%
688. Untitled Document [jaeger.earthsci.unimelb.edu.au]

The ocean lithosphere. The age of the oceanic crust, as reflected in the magnetic striping of the
ocean floor, increases with distance ... in our case the temperature of the deep ...
http://jaeger.earthsci.unimelb.edu.au/msandifo/Publications/Geodynamics/html/gd_07.html
73%
689. White Paper - NASA-ESPO; ICESCAPE

Since 1950, the mean annual air temperature has increased by 2-3°C and by .... due to thin
weathering crusts on the Arctic watersheds, low precipitation, ..... On the halocline of the Arctic
Ocean, Deep-Sea Res., Part A, 28, 529-545. ...
http://www.espo.nasa.gov/icescape/whitePaper.php
73%
690. ZetaTalk: During 2002

Increasing quakes and volcanic eruptions, as well as high tides and ocean ... increase substantially
in its temperature or motion for a small increase evident ...
http://www.zetatalk.com/transfor/t106.htm
73%
691. [PDF] 1-Intro - New SESWG Report

on the deep structure and distribution of mantle plumes. We do not understand in detail the
mechanisms that lead to island volcanism adjacent to ocean ...
http://solidearth.jpl.nasa.gov/PDF/SESWG_final_combined.pdf
72%
692. [PDF] Preliminary Planning for an International Mars Sample Return Mission
Jun 1, 2008 ... crust and atmosphere. Each process creates materials that differ in their ... Other
investigations would require extensive heating to high tem- ... to initial discoveries with follow-up
tests, and to increase the degree of ..... studies on
http://mepag.jpl.nasa.gov/reports/iMARS_FinalReport.pdf
72%
693. [PDF]Single-celled organisms—bacteria, fun-

increasing temperature that limits the depth of subsurface life. The maximum ... For oceanic crust,
where the temperature rises about 15 degrees C per kilo- .... ferent types of bacteria live deep
inside the crust. ...
http://www.sciamdigital.com/gsp_qpdf.cfm?ISSUEID_CHAR=999FE651-ED4C-44FB-A474-45B3501
86E9&ARTICLEID_CHAR=58E71D60-4FFA-49A3-A0A5-358F42B41EB
72%

Remembering that species begin to differ when separated and appear most alike when able to
spread freely over a range; and that barriers to ocean life include land masses, deep ocean water,
and cold temperatures Most of the metamorphosed rock found there i
http://teachers.yale.edu/curriculum/search/viewer.php?id=new_haven_91.06.05_u
72%
695. BBC - h2g2 - Oceans: the Sea Floor

Feb 25, 2004 ... The deep ocean floor was once thought by scientists to be flat, ... cover the
underlying basaltic rock of the ocean crust completely. ... of the ocean above and when the
pressure on a liquid is increased, ... steep temperature gradients an
http://www.bbc.co.uk/dna/h2g2/A2082962
72%
696. Bottom water warming in the North Paci?c Ocean

accuracy of temperature (see Methods) and salinity measurement is ... The deep and bottom
waters of the North Paci?c. are ?lled with North Paci?c Deep Water and ...
http://stephenschneider.stanford.edu/Publications/PDF_Papers/FukasawaEtAl2004.pdf
72%
697. Cambridge Conference Correspondence

An asteroid or comet that hit the deep ocean would not generate shocked quartz, because quartz is
rare in ocean crust. Few earthly circumstances have the power to disfigure quartz, which is a highly
stable mineral even at high temperatures and
http://abob.libs.uga.edu/bobk/ccc/cc030402.html
72%

http://reid.citizendium.org/wiki/Carbon_capture_and_sequestration
72%
699. Climate as a Theory of History, Avon, Ohio

Model sensitivity tests suggest that warmer North Atlantic Sea Surface Temperatures may have
induced decreases in net moisture (precipitation minus evaporation), whereas colder North Atlantic
Sea Surface Temperatures may have induced increases in net moist
http://centuryinter.net/tjs11/hist/lakes4.htm
72%
700. Compositions of Mercury's earliest crust from magma ocean models

Brown, S.M. / Elkins-Tanton, L.T.,Earth and Planetary Science Letters,286(3),p.446-455,Sep 2009 -
...resulting from magma ocean models. Bulk...of overturning deep cumulates Adiabatic...cumulates
Flotation crust Adiabatic melting...crust from magma ocean mo
drill=yes&md5=a03d3e8e501daf45cc1c12f38585fdc9
72%
701. Earth Sciences 8 - Earth Catastrophes - Lecture 17

As the ocean crust and lithosphere increase in age (in the ... temperature and then rises, carrying
this bounty of leached elements with it, and jets out onto the ocean ...
http://www.ic.ucsc.edu/~tlay/eart80a/Lectures/lecture16.html
72%
702. Geotimes - December 2007 - Deep Earth

From crust to core, seismologists have been hunting for ever better ways to “see ” ... and enabling
them to estimate the temperature near the core-mantle boundary ... when combined with the
“enormous increase in computing power” in recent .... at t
http://www.geotimes.org/dec07/article.html?id=feature_deepearth.html
72%
703. Global Correlations of Ocean Ridge Basalt Chemistry with ...

... of ocean ridge magmatism, which creates the ocean crust, results from ... temperature variation
requires continuous (vs discrete) TP increase from beneath deep ...
72%
704. Impact of micro-organisms activity on the natural remanent magnetization of the

young oceanic crust
Carlut, J. / Horen, H. / Janots, D.,Earth and Planetary Science Letters,253(3),p.497-506,Jan 2007 -
...their extrusion. Low temperature alteration occurs...the upper oceanic crust and affects the...23
Am2/kg (room temperature) and to 17 Am2/kg...within the
drill=yes&md5=a8d0fe1cb912bf7ef415b9f6707012de
72%
705. Indian Ocean circulation and productivity during the last glacial cycle
Piotrowski, A.M. / Banakar, V.K. / Scrivner, A.E. / Elderfield, H. / Galy, A. / Dennis, A.,Earth and
Planetary Science Letters,285(1),p.179-189,Jul 2009 - ...paths. North Atlantic Deep Water (NADW),
Antarctic...while the Indian Ocean is ventilated by...pat
drill=yes&md5=751c82220fb8d805c6fdf4ba5f10fc0b
72%
706. NASA: The 12-month running mean global temperature has reached ...
Jun 3, 2010 ... I asked him to look at the Global Land-Ocean Temperature graphs included above.
... This can be compared to a median projected increase in the 2003 study of just 2.4 degrees. .....
Much of this CO2 has been sequestered in the Earth's ocean,
http://climateprogress.org/2010/06/03/nasa-giss-james-hansen-study-global-warming-record-hotte
st-year/
72%
707. Ocean Biogeochemistry - river, sea, depth, oceans, important ...

Aug 31, 2008 ... Deep in the ocean, mud-dwelling creatures await the arrival of their next .... of the
ocean, and increase with depth, as shown in the figure above. ... into the oceanic crust, it becomes
heated to very high temperatures, ...
http://www.waterencyclopedia.com/Mi-Oc/Ocean-Biogeochemistry.html
72%
708. Oceanography 2004-05

composition and temperature. temperature and current speed. salinity and temperature. What ...
mid ocean ridge separates at different rates and the new crust breaks ...
http://school.discoveryeducation.com/quizzes16/dfarnsworth/Oceanography.html
72%
709. Our Oceans, our Legacy

The oceans impact the temperature and climate of the earth; they carry temperature-swaying
currents around the globe and they absorb solar radiation....
http://ragnarssonreview.wordpress.com/2010/06/25/our-oceans-our-legacy
72%
710. Pacific Waters Turning Acid | Mother Jones

Normally, the upwelling winds subside for a day or two every couple of weeks in a 'relaxation
event' that allows the buildup of decomposing organic matter to be washed out to the deep ocean.
"When the material produced by these blooms decomposes," Hales sa
http://www.motherjones.com/blue-marble/2008/05/pacific-waters-turning-acid
72%
711. Patricia Mackin

... and dumped into the ocean._ O2 began mixing with iron ions and forming a crust that ...
through and warm the Earth._ The global mean temperature would in turn increase. (I used ...
http://ags.ou.edu/~plmackin/midterm%20exam.html
72%
712. Plate Tectonics

... and calcium than the crust, is hotter and denser because temperature and ... and younger
oceanic crust Mid-Ocean Ridge with underwater volcanic activity and ...
http://www.slideshare.net/sacibgeography/plate-tectonics
72%
713. Proceedings of the International Workshop on Clean Ocean Energy

differentials (between cold deep water and warm surface waters) throughout the Caribbean. ...
Papers on the use of aquaculture to increase the temperature and ...
http://www.environmentaldefence.org/documents/10797_ocean-energy-workshop-proceedings.pdf
72%
714. Reconstructing Past Seawater Mg/Ca and Sr/Ca from Mid-Ocean ...
Feb 26, 2010 ... CCVs are formed as seawater flows through the upper ocean crust on ... and
indicate increased fluid-rock interaction with increasing temperature. .... Our data suggest that the
low Sr/Ca ratio of deep sea carbonates ...
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/full/327/5969/1114
72%
715. Re-Os results from ODP Site 801: Evidence for extensive Re uptake during alteration of
oceanic crust
Reisberg, L. / Rouxel, O. / Ludden, J. / Staudigel, H. / Zimmermann, C.,Chemical
Geology,248(3),p.256-271,Feb 2008 - ...flows (FLO) from Jurassic oceanic crust (Ocean Drilling
Program Leg 185, Site...basalts. Keywords Seawater alteration Ocean crust Osmium
drill=yes&md5=1c687466d272bc5138b3d166e0dbcf1c
72%
716. sea level changes text eustatic change

Deep cores in Antarctic ice show that the amounts of carbon dioxide and methane ... and closing of
major ocean basins, the addition of new crust along mid-ocean ...
http://geology.uprm.edu/Morelock/eustatic.htm
72%
717. Shearing instabilities accompanying high-pressure phase ...

Apr 27, 2007 ... Because both pressure and temperature increase with depth in Earth, .... a
mechanism for explaining earthquakes in hot subducting oceanic crust. .... The majority of this
discussion of deep earthquakes has focused on ...
http://www.pnas.org/content/104/22/9133.full
72%
718. Supracrustal input to magmas in the deep crust of Sierra Nevada batholith: Evidence
from high-´18O zircon
Lackey, J.S. / Valley, J.W. / Saleeby, J.B.,Earth and Planetary Science Letters,235(1),p.315-330,Jun
2005 - ...mantle-derived rocks, like altered ocean crust,delta18O values are often...variable input of
altered ocean crust to magmas across the batholith..
drill=yes&md5=63e3a88b495ebcfa49d884b3a64d8e33
72%
719. Sympathetic Vibratory Physics - John W. Keely's Sacred Science.

i~i fortnight later they again met in Switzerland, and together measured the rise of the
temperature of the water in a mountain torrent due to its fall. Joule¹s views of the nature of heat
strongly influenced Thomson¹s mind, with the result that in 1841
http://www.svpvril.com/svpnotes/K/KELVIN,_38369.html
72%
720. Teacher's Section: Oceanography Unit

takes lots of heat to increase temperature, so large bodies of water ... so deep oxygen is rare and
is replenished by slow diffusion and by cold (dense) sinking water. Ocean in ...
http://biology.arizona.edu/sciconn/lessons2/Chandler/oc_unit.htm
72%
721. Temperature of the Icelandic crust: Inferred from electrical conductivity, temperature
surface gradient, and maximum...
Bjornsson, A.,Tectonophysics,447(1),p.136-141,Feb 2008 - ...similar pattern of linear temperature
gradient is observed over...can be used to estimate the temperature values deep in the crust below
the uppermost permeable...1974). The latest data on the tem
drill=yes&md5=6e529c4995f0e2287118c9826f4e3f49
72%
722. The uptake of carbon during alteration of ocean crust - Mineralogy and chemistry
Alt, J.C. / Teagle, D.A.H.,Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta,63(10),p.1527-1535,May 1999 - ...of
altered ocean crust may be a...so an increase in the rate...cover and temperature of the
upper...altered upper crust increase with age...within the crust is esse
drill=yes&md5=cf628ffdc5a0f714dc582ead6bf68160
72%
723. The Wilson Cycle- A Poster.doc

Ocean-floor plates may slide under continental plates, sinking deep into the ... notice that the
continental crust is considerably thicker than the ocean crust. ...
http://csmres.jmu.edu/geollab/pyle/GEOL367/Final_Guide[3].doc
72%
724. What is the Deepest Hole Ever Drilled?

Brief and Straightforward Guide: What is the Deepest Hole Ever Drilled? ... miles), but a
faster-than-expected increase in temperature forced a premature halt to the ...
http://www.wisegeek.com/what-is-the-deepest-hole-ever-drilled.htm
72%
725. WHOELSALE SHOP,Tracing Oil Reserves to Their Tiny Origins

The bodies come and go because the earth’s crust, through seemingly rigid, actually moves a great
deal over geologic time, tearing apart continents and ocean b...
http://www.awesome-store.com/wordpress/?p=145
72%
726. [PDF] Cruise Report SCICEX99 USS Hawkbill

throughout the deep Arctic Ocean basin and, by special agreement with the ...... adjacent extended
continental and oceanic crust in both the Eurasian and ...
http://ecco2.jpl.nasa.gov/data2/data/ice/ctd/SCICEX/sc99/sc99_datarep.pdf
71%
727. [PDF] Earth Science and Applications from Space: National Imperatives ...
surface winds, limb sounding of ozone profiles, and temperature and water ...... and deep ocean
currents and provide constraints on models for the general ...
http://ecco2.jpl.nasa.gov/data2/data/sst/Liming/LLi_output/References/IPCC_whole.pdf
71%
728. [PDF] Sensing Our Planet: NASA Earth Science Research Features 2008
page 24; _Cleaner water from space_ on page 40; and _Where oceans meet atmosphere_ .....
increase the use of new renewables to 10 percent ..... processes concealed deep in the ground
during earthquakes and volcanic eruptions ..... of geophysical issues: me
http://nasadaacs.eos.nasa.gov/pdf/annual_2008.pdf
71%
729. [PDF]1 Figure 1. Composition and temperature limits to the ...

increase in temperature and pressure results in, (1) change in mineralogy ... occur on the thrust as
shallow as 15 km for very hot subduction zones and as deep ... the underlying oceanic crust with
increasing temperature and pressure. ...
http://www.nsf-margins.org/PDF/Roy_Hyndman.pdf
71%
730. [PDF]2007 chapter 4 notes.cwk
20m down temperature starts to increase and gradually it gets warmer pressure .... deep ocean
trenches. - forms where oceanic crust bends downward ...
http://mail.evw.k12.mn.us/~dave.dziengel/S0024165B.10/2007%20chapter%204%20notes.cwk%
200.pdf
71%
731. [PDF]Ocean -
increases in the thickness of the oceanic crust, changes in the style and ... angle of subduction, by
the temperature of the incoming oceanic crust, by .... the scientific drilling of oceanic crust at
mid-ocean ridges and deep into ...
http://www.yearofplanetearth.org/content/downloads/Ocean.pdf
71%
732. [PS]Magnetic properties of rocks in the 2A and 2B oceanic crust ...

netite increase with increasing temperature [Kinoshita. et al., 1985]). In the same interval, .....
upper kilometer of the marine crust at Deep Sea Drilling ...
http://eos.wdcb.ru/transl/izve/9501/pap02.ps
71%
733. A Transatlantic Crossing with the Queen Mary 2

... he required safety, speed, and stability of the ocean liner....
http://painbrioche.com/a-transatlantic-crossing-with-the-queen-mary-2/
71%
734. ATMOSPHERIC CHANGE AND CLIMATE CHANGE

Geologic record of ocean storm intensity (storm bed [tempestite] thickness) ... in deep ocean may
be governed by Antarctic (polar) ocean stratification. ...
http://www.geo.arizona.edu/palynology/geos462/22climatmo.html
71%
735. Biological reservoir found below seafloor

Scientists have already extracted microbes that can be cultured from cores drilled more than 3
miles (4. 83 kilometers) into the Earth's crust. ... Since temperatures increase rapidly in the
sub-seafloor, it is likely that the limit of life in the "deep bi
http://www.global-adventures.us/2010/06/15/biological-reservoir-seafloor
71%
736. CHAPTER 3 PLATE TECTONICS

This occurs as old oceanic crust is subducted into the mantle at deep-ocean ... c. the increase in
heat flow through the oceanic crust as you move closer to ...
http://highered.mcgraw-hill.com/sites/dl/free/0074444333/118964/chapter3.pdf
71%
737. Deep sea - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Environmental ... · Biology ·
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deep_ocean
71%
738. Deep Sea Vents-Underwater World Wonders

Hydrothermal vents in the deep ocean ... hydrothermal vent at temperatures ... However the
increase in salinity pushes ...
http://www.theworldwonders.com/underwater-deep-sea-vents.html
71%
739. DRAFT
3 technology systemss for monitoring ocean salinity and other properties ... Processes that increase
& decrease salinity & temperature and where they occur ...
http://courses.washington.edu/ocean200/Exams_08/Studyguide1Draft.pdf
71%
740. Earlham College - Geology 211 - Template

A volcano is a place on the Earth’s surface (or any other planet’s or moon’s surface) where molten
rock, gases and pyroclastic debris erupt through the earth’s crust. Volcanoes vary quite a bit in
their structure - some are cracks in the earth’s crust
http://www.earlham.edu/~tchille/geology.htm
71%
741. Evidences Study Notes #2

Potassium is about 1/40 of the earth's crust, and about 1/10, 000 of the potassium is potassium
40. Rubidium decays to strontium. Geologists explain the Kaupelehu date by the lava being cooled
rapidly in deep ocean water and not being able to get rid of it
http://www.hstantonsee.com./Evidences Study Notes 2.htm
71%
742. Geochemical Transactions | Full text | Reduction of nitrogen ...

Passive off-axis hydrothermal convection of seawater in older crust is in .... Brucite incorporates an
increasing amount of Fe(II) with decreasing temperature, ... Methane-rich plumes in deep ocean
waters are known to be linked to ...
http://www.geochemicaltransactions.com/content/10/1/9
71%
743. Geol 117 Lect 15

increases as T decreases. Importance to deep circulation in oceans: ... As we shall discuss later,
density of sea water increases as temperature decreases and ... (Heat flow from ocean crust is not
important, except maybe over mid-ocean ...
http://ijolite.geology.uiuc.edu/02SprgClass/geo117/lectures/Lect15.html
71%
744. Geological Society of America - Highlights from GSA Bulletin

By using 40Ar/39Ar thermochronology on the mineral mica and the fission track method on the
mineral apatite we were able to constrain the ascent of the domal rocks from original temperatures
of 350 °C in the middle crust to 60 °C, revealing a three-stage
http://rock.geosociety.org/news/pr/06-17.htm
71%
745. Glossary
Continental shelf The zone bordering a continent extending from the line of permanent immersion
to the depth at which there is a marked increase in the downward slope which descends to the
deep ocean floor. Curie point The temperature above which a metal i
http://wps.pearsoned.co.uk/wps/media/objects/1971/2018356/glossary/glossary.html
71%
746. Goldschmidt Abstracts 2009 - W

Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta,73(13),p.A1398-A1457,Jun 2009 - ...Pacific sector of the
Southern Ocean below a depth of 4000 m. Such...within the abyssal Southern Ocean, and thus
could potentially...fluid cooling along a small temperature gradient coupled
drill=yes&md5=ae0270994d744cf0b719b64b49d9d5ab
71%
747. Hugh Miller: 'First Impressions of England and its People' (1847) - 4...
By some the salt has been regarded as a volcanic product ejected from beneath ; by some, as the
precipitate of a deep ocean He "asked a salter," he tells us, "how many furnaces they had in all;
and the salter numbered them to an eighteen score, saying, tha
http://domain1041943.sites.fasthosts.com/miller/c_impressions_4.htm
71%
748. Hydrothermal Vents

It spouts a column of water heated by volcanic rock deep within the crust of the Earth. ... As the
vent water bursts out into the ocean, its temperature may be as high ... When the pressure on a
liquid is increased, its boiling point goes up. ... when the
http://www.ceoe.udel.edu/deepsea/level-2/geology/vents.html
71%
749. Lecture_Exam_01_Answ..>
D. continental crust, oceanic crust, mantle. 4. Which statement accurately describes the ... is the
temperature profile for the Atlantic Ocean offset from the ...
http://www.geog.umd.edu/homepage/courses/140/GC123/Exams/Lecture_Exam_01_Answer_Key.
doc
71%
750. Mantle (geology) : Map (The Full Wiki)

exists increasing pressure as one travels deeper into the mantle, since the ... Oceanic crust is
http://maps.thefullwiki.org/Mantle_(geology)
71%
751. Mesozoic - New World Encyclopedia

The formation of new crust beneath the surface displaced ocean waters by as much ... C in the
deep ocean, may have been too warm for sea life and land ...
http://www.newworldencyclopedia.org/entry/Mesozoic
71%
752. Microorganisms and the weathering of ocean crust at the seafloor

Santelli, C.M. / Bach, W. / Edwards, K.J.,Geochimica et Cosmochimica
Acta,70(18),p.A556-A556,Aug 2006 - ...Young basaltic crust is exposed on...the global mid-ocean
ridge system, where low-temperature fluid circulation...inhabiting seafloor ocean crust as
drill=yes&md5=e54ed17f25526188117266aba5943ae5
71%

Was this area covered by an ocean at some time in the past? Was this ocean 10,000 feet deep? ...
increasing depth of burial, accompanied by an increase in temperature, ...
http://www.uh.edu/~jbutler/physical/chapter1notes.html
71%
754. NAI: Year 4 Annual Report: Johnson Space Center
Past sea surface temperature derived From tree rings [Abstract]. ...... Utilisation of surface plasmon
resonance in deep ocean and hydrothermal environments ...
http://www.nai.arc.nasa.gov/institute/annual_report/year4.cfm?PageAction=5&Section=7&Page=4
4&SelectAll=0&TeamAll=1
71%
755. Nd and Pb isotope evolution of deep water masses in the eastern Indian Ocean during
the past 33 Myr
Frank, M. / Whiteley, N. / van de Flierdt, T. / Reynolds, B.C. / O'Nions, K.,Chemical
Geology,226(3),p.264-279,Feb 2006 - ...SS663 from the central Indian Ocean, located some 2500
km SW of crust DODO 232D in the northern central Indian Ocean. In accordance
drill=yes&md5=368eb535c17219049f69114c513827a2
71%
756. Ocean | Science and Technology News, Stories | Discover Magazine ...
Wind Turbine That Imitates Flippers Could Increase ... At Mothra Field, more than a mile
underwater, temperatures ... Most animals in the deep ocean have some kind of ...
http://discovermagazine.com/topics/environment/ocean
71%
757. On the relationship between visual magnitudes and gas and dust production rates in
target comets to space missions
de Almeida, A.A. / Sanzovo, G.C. / Singh, P.D. / Misra, A. / Miguel Torres, R. / Boice, D.C. /
Huebner, W.F.,Advances in Space Research,39(3),p.432-445,Jan 2007 - ...in surface temperature
but also depends...state of the ocean with respect...2001). An incr
drill=yes&md5=c4eff5ffcafadf8eb58d533c9c92a1e9
71%
758. Orogeny
Nov 25, 1998 ... Descending plate is oceanic crust, overriding plate is a ... but increased melting
and mixing of magma with crustal rocks ... At 25 degrees per kilometer, the temperature at the
base of the crust, 40 kilometers deep, ...
http://www.uwgb.edu/dutchs/platetec/orogeny.htm
71%
759. Petrology and geochemistry of the lower ocean crust formed at ...
Petrology and geochemistry of the lower ocean crust formed. at the East Pacific Rise and ... ocean
crust formed at the East Pacific Rise and exposed at Hess Deep: A ...
http://web.uvic.ca/~kgillis/coogan%20hess%20gcubed.pdf
71%
760. Platetectonics.eu
... deep ocean floor was critical to development of the theory; the field of deep ... new crust be
continuously added along the oceanic ridges without increasing the ...
http://www.platetectonics.eu/
71%
761. The Cauldron Beneath the Seafloor : Woods Hole Oceanographic ...
Dec 1, 1998 ... The answer lies beneath the seafloor, within the oceanic crust. ... rocks on the
seafloor that were once in the deep subsurface. .... more soluble with increasing temperature as
most minerals do, it becomes less soluble. ...
http://www.cinar.org/page.do?pid=11852&tid=282&cid=2401
71%
762. The hysteresis properties of multidomain magnetite and

titanomagnetite/titanomaghemite in mid-ocean ridge basalts
Wang, D. / Van der Voo, R.,Earth and Planetary Science Letters,220(1),p.175-184,Mar 2004 - ...60
) and its low-temperature alteration product...carriers in mid-ocean ridge basalts (MORB...within
the oceanic crust [1-3] . It is thought...during early high-t
drill=yes&md5=9f24939b2a3a4cafafb7c6779de714ff
71%
763. Tracing Oil Reserves to Their Tiny Origin

” The standard temperature for oil formation is between 120 and 210 degrees Fahrenheit. ... The
earth gets increasingly warm with increasing depth, the temperature eventually rising so high that
rocks melt (and occasionally remerge at the surface in volcan
http://peakoil.com/geology/tracing-oil-reserves-to-their-tiny-origin/
71%
764. #037sva - Gulf Oil Spill Volcano

This will allow the water, under the intense pressure at one mile deep, to be forced into the hole
and the cavity where the oil was. ... The temperature at that depth is near 400 degrees, possibly
more....
http://wheresgodinallofthis.wordpress.com/2010/07/02/037sva-gulf-oil-spill-volcano
70%
765. [DOC]Oceanography Content Knowledge

Oceanic crust at A is what relative age compared to location B? ... Surface temperatures at D would
be higher only during the winter. .... Global warming will increase sea-level by which two
processes? .... Cores of deep sea sediment can be very useful in
http://virginiaearthscience.info/data_collection/Instruments/Oceanography/Pre-Post%20Oceanogra
phy.doc
70%
766. [PDF]1 GEOLITHOSPHERE Geolithosphere - the rocky portion of the ...

thereby allowing the temperature to increase to the high temperatures observed. .... 1. Oceanic
-Oceanic Crust Convergence. - results in deep trench ...
http://www.eas.slu.edu/People/KChauff/geography/GEOGRAPHY_LECTURE_4.pdf
70%
767. [PDF]INTRUSIVE IGNEOUS ROCKS

crust. Of course, an increase in temperature can also initiate melting in .... Which of the following
rock types forms the deep layers of the oceanic crust? ...
http://www.itv.scetv.org/guides/The%20Earth%20Revealed/lesson14.pdf
70%
768. [PDF]PDF - Rheological properties of deep subducted oceanic ...

long period of time to increase its temperature to that of the mantle temperature, could an
apparent strength contrast between the subducting oceanic crust ...
http://earth.scichina.com:8080/sciDe/fileup/PDF/02yd0969.pdf
70%
769. [PPT]Chapters 14, 15, 16
In the Pacific Ocean, oceanic crust plunges beneath continental crust. .... by a decrease in
temperature or an increase in salinity. Deep-Ocean Circulation ...
http://www.mrbryant.net/downloads/Oceanography.ppt
70%
770. 2000 News | The Astrobiology Web | Your Online Guide to the Living Universe
21 February 2002: Rock-eating microbes survive in deep ocean off Peru, Texas A&M University.
"Rock-eating microbes survive in deep ocean off Peru Way down deep in the ocean off the coast of
Peru, in the rocks that form the sea floor, live bacteria that don
http://www.astrobiology.com./2002.news.html
70%
771. Activities Xtras - Xpeditions @ nationalgeographic.com

Marine geologists study the ocean floor and map its topography and structure. ... They also study
life cycles and growth patterns of fish and other marine ...
http://www.nationalgeographic.com/xpeditions/activities/18/oceans_story_1.html
70%
772. ADVANCED TECHNOLOGIES TO SUPPORT EARTH ORBITING SYSTEMS

Mar 29, 1995 ... This could significantly increase the signal-to-noise ratio, reducing the .... Higher
temperature operation is important to reduce the size, mass, ..... and is planned for expansion to
EOS Atmospheric and Oceanic Science. .... between the
http://ranier.hq.nasa.gov/sensors_page/papers/iaf92/iaf92.html
70%
773. Anatomy of a Cambrian suture in Gondwana: Pacific-type orogeny in southern India?

Santosh, M. / Maruyama, S. / Sato, K.,Gondwana Research,16(2),p.321-341,Oct 2009 -
...juxtaposition of deep seated rock...Mozambique Ocean must have...surrounding lower
temperature portions of...Neoproterozoic-Cambrian crust-scale shear...Mozambique Ocean
drill=yes&md5=fbdbaca86354f4cd45108422c3e96383
70%
774. AST 101WW - Quiz II

b. Different materials condense at different temperatures. c. They formed at different times. d.
There is no good explanation as to why they are composed of different materials. 30. New oceanic
crust on the Earth is:
http://student.ccbcmd.edu/courses/astm101c/unit2/astquiz2.html
70%
775. Carbonate veins reveal chemistry of ancient seawater

Feb 5, 2010 ... Calcium carbonate veins are common in upper ocean crust, ... of scientific deep-
ocean drilling by the Integrated Ocean Drilling ... Traveling by car increases global temperatures
more than by plane, but only in long term ...
http://www.labspaces.net/101859/1/Carbonate_veins_reveal_chemistry_of_ancient_seawater
70%
776. Common misconceptions: Things we know that just aren’t so

Searing consists of briefly cooking both sides of the meat at a very high temperature, then
reducing the temperature to complete the cooking process....
http://vespahelmet.info/lem-helmet/common-misconceptions-things-we-know-that-just-arent-so
70%
777. Convergent Plate Boundaries

the western Pacific ocean. Here oceanic lithosphere and crust of ... the deepest parts of the ocean
basins. They are approximately 10Km deep ... water lowers the melting temperature ...
http://www.gly.fsu.edu/~odom/1000/tectonics/cpb.html
70%
778. Dead Sea Scrolls II - Gulf of Mexico

This will allow the WATER, under the intense pressure at 1 mile deep, to be FORCED INTO the hole
and the cavity where the oil was. ... The temperature at that depth is near 400 degrees, possibly
more....
http://goodmorningfloridakeys.com/?p=2809
70%
779. Earth's Cycles

As a consequence of deep movements ... the continetal crust to the ocean basins where it
accumulates. At D, the old crust and ... This is resulting in an increase in global temperature ...
http://rainbow.ldeo.columbia.edu/courses/v1001/ccycle2.html
70%

1. As temperature increases towards the center of the Earth rocks become much less ... exactly the
opposite effect on the viscosity of materials as does increasing temperature. ...
http://core.ecu.edu/geology/woods/EARTHsINTERIOR.htm
70%
781. ES 106 200 7 April 23-27 Sea Floor Tectonics, Ocean chemistry ...
b. Part of continental crust—flooded by ocean. c. Various widths worldwide—up to 1500 km ...
more abyssal plains where there are no deep-ocean trenches along ...
http://www.wou.edu/~brownk/ES106/ES106.2007.0423.SeaFloorTectonics.pdf
70%
782. Feedbacks between mantle hydration and hydrothermal convection at ocean spreading
centers
Iyer, K. / Rupke, L.H. / Morgan, J.P.,Earth and Planetary Science Letters,296(1),p.34-44,Jul 2010 -
...hydration of the crust and cold lithospheric...flow through the ocean floor thereby links...Earth
and the global ocean. Many previous...alteration of the
drill=yes&md5=f5e397386b5a59b97b5f775d1dbca9f8
70%
783. Geol 117 Review Exam 2

3. Respiration in deep ocean controls CaCO3 saturation (CCD) Respiration releases CO2 -->
increases [H+] Deep waters become undersaturated in CaCO3 -- it dissolves! formation and uplift
of new continental crust.
http://ijolite.geology.uiuc.edu/02Fallclass/geo117/Exam2Review.html
70%
784. Geosphere Background

The increase in temperature and pressure with depth and the melting temperature of the ... older
ocean crust is found with increasing distance from the ...
http://www.math.montana.edu/~nmp/materials/ess/geosphere/background/index.html
70%
785. Gravity Control Idealism: August 2006

Therefore gravity does not increase to the core, but increases isometrically ... also affects an
increase in the temperature of the crust, with the greatest ...
http://gravityc-idealism.blogspot.com/2006_08_01_archive.html
70%
786. Heat shock protein 60 induces inflammatory mediators in mouse adipocytes

Gulden, E. / Mollerus, S. / Bruggemann, J. / Burkart, V. / Habich, C.,FEBS
Letters,582(18),p.2731-2736,Aug 2008 - ...the initial accretion of the tholeiitic crust (Sequence
III-VIII), which is divided...evaluating the yields (as a function of temperature a
drill=yes&md5=fbdb5a5f0766222b9b5a0db27fe89427
70%
787. Highest pH? :: Geochemical Society

Probably the highest pH ever measured in the deep sea, and possibly in any natural ... The
upwelling serpentinite brings up fragments of subducted ocean crust ... basalt in response to
increasing temperature at depth from ~100-350°C. ...
http://www.geochemsoc.org/publications/geochemicalnews/gn141oct09/highestph.htm
70%
788. http://encomwthrcontrl.blogspot.com/2006/11/interesting-method-of-stopping.html
... ail into the eye of the storm and use a siphon of cool ocean water from below....
http://encomwthrcontrl.blogspot.com/2006/11/interesting-method-of-stopping.html
70%
789. Kola Superdeep Borehole | BookRags.com

With the expected further increase in temperature with increasing depth ... unlike surface water
must have come from deep-crust ... penetrate the shallow crust under the Pacific Ocean ...
http://www.bookrags.com/wiki/Kola_Superdeep_Borehole
70%
790. lecture03_113.jpg
As the crust cools and moves away from the spreading center it is less buoyant and is found at
deeper depths. As the depth increases, the temperature ... the deep parts of the ocean ...
http://web.mit.edu/12.114/05_fall/www/lectures/lecture03/MITFieldGeologyLecture03/photos/phot
o14.html
70%
791. Lithium and lithium isotope profiles through the upper oceanic crust: a study of
seawater-basalt exchange at ODP Sites...
Chan, L.-H. / Alt, J.C. / Teagle, D.A.H.,Earth and Planetary Science Letters,201(1),p.187-201,Jul
2002 - ...isotopes in the upper ocean crust and provides a basis...crustal material in the deep
mantle. lithium isotopes oceanic crust alteration seawater...c
drill=yes&md5=e918b5d7f8f27fc63cf550e883418299
70%
792. Melt-rock reaction in the lower oceanic crust and its implications for the genesis of
mid-ocean ridge basalt
Lissenberg, C.J. / Dick, H.J.B.,Earth and Planetary Science Letters,271(1),p.311-325,Jul 2008 - ...in
the lower oceanic crust and its implications for the genesis of mid-ocean ridge basalt C. Johan...of
MORB. Keywords mid-ocean ridge basalt lower oceanic c
drill=yes&md5=846a6949a47d0072c3d3217874549b18
70%
793. Metamorphic Rocks

Metamorphism is generally limited to the lower crust. CONDITIONS CAUSING METAMORPHISM.
TEMPERATURE. Increasing temperature has ... because it can tell us what happens deep in the ...
http://www.efn.org/~agrush/introgeo/Lect_6.html
70%
794. NAI: Year 4 Annual Report

Past sea surface temperature derived From tree rings [Abstract]. ...... Utilisation of surface plasmon
resonance in deep ocean and hydrothermal environments ...
http://www.nai.arc.nasa.gov/institute/annual_report/prnt_printme.cfm?PageAction=5&Section=7&
Page=41&SelectAll=0&PrintType=1
70%
795. No Title
For example, there is growing evidence that microbes living deep in the crust may be converting
carbon into forms that can migrate to the surface -- notably methane. Global warming could
destabilise some deep carbon reserves, notably in clathrates -- ice l
http://www.precaution.org/lib/08/prn_dhn080529.htm
70%
796. OBSERVATION AND MODELING OF A BURIED MELT-FREEZE CRUST ...

the temperature crust, which forms in warm conditions un ... gradients, typical of a deep
snowpack, are lacking. The goals of this study are twofold: ...
http://www.ucalgary.ca/asarc/files/asarc/CrustEvolution_Issw08_Smith.pdf
70%
797. Ocean Basin - The shape of the land, Forces and changes, ...
These elevated ridges mark the area where sections of oceanic crust are pulling apart ..... As a
result, these deep-ocean hot springs are called black smokers. ... high temperature and pressure
melt the rock at the edge of the plate, ...
http://www.scienceclarified.com/landforms/Ocean-Basins-to-Volcanoes/Ocean-Basin.html
70%
798. Ocean current - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Deep waters sink into the deep ocean basins at high latitudes where the temperatures are cold
enough to cause the density to increase. ... Oceanic crust · Outer trench swell ...
http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/en:Ocean_current
70%
799. Oil Volcano Pressure in Gulf Too Strong for Containment

This will allow the water, under the intense pressure at one mile deep, to be forced into the hole
and the cavity where the oil was. ... The temperature at that dept is near 400 degrees, possibly
more....
http://studygrowknowblog.com/2010/07/03/oil-volcano-pressure-in-gulf-too-strong-for-containmen
t
70%
800. Oil Volcano Pressure Too Strong For Containment?
This will allow the water, under the intense pressure at 1 mile deep, to be forced into the hole and
the cavity where the oil was. ... The temperature at that depth is near 400 degrees, possibly
more....
http://www.loveangeles.com/love_angeles/2010/06/oil-volcano-pressure-too-strong-for-containme
nt.html
70%
801. permafrost2 ...314 jpg

500x314 - 51.2kB
http://www.blog.thesietch.org/2009/06/01/melting-arctic-tundra-contributes-to-warmer-world
70%
802. Project
... temperature and earthquake clouds, depth Crust temperature and ... CO2 concentration and
average temperature, polar ice surface, Ocean level and increasing of Ocean cost tides ...
http://theo.inrne.bas.bg/~mavrodi/Project.htm
70%
803. Science
At the time, most geologists discounted Wegener's ideas, because the Earth's crust seemed to be
fixed....
http://widerinfo.blogspot.com/2010/07/science.html
70%
804. StateMaster - Encyclopedia: Plate tectonics

Study of the deep ocean floor was critical to development of the theory; the field of ... from a
region of higher temperature to a region of lower temperature, ... Age of oceanic crust Oceanic
crust is the part of Earths lithosphere that ...... explained b
http://www.statemaster.com/encyclopedia/Plate-tectonics
70%
805. The Hawaii Hot Spot Page

Under the right circumstances, it will draw oceanic crust into the mantle. ... since part of it operates
below the source (deep missing shear). ... and shear heating are also higher, providing an increase
in asthenospheric temperature. ...
http://www.erictwelker.com/coldspot.htm
70%
806. The role of TiO2 phases during melting of subduction-modified crust: Implications for
deep mantle melting
Bromiley, G.D. / Redfern, S.A.T.,Earth and Planetary Science Letters,267(1),p.301-308,Mar 2008 -
...Pressure (GPa)/temperature(ôC) 2.0/1200...subduction-modified crust: Implications for deep
mantle melting...in Earth's deep mantle. Ancient...subduction-mo
drill=yes&md5=3af2eddf267e3ae9cbb6fbd4d8035341
70%
807. Welcome To Marshall Hydrothermal

Deep ocean pressures force seawater through cracks in the crust of the earth, ... output
temperature at the surface and a 20°C ambient temperature. ...
http://www.marshallsystem.com/complete.htm
70%
808. - -heat flow ...
... that is, the rate of increase of temperature downward, is ordinarily obtained by measuring the
temperature ... The deep ocean floor is a thermally stable environment, generally ...
http://egeology.blogfa.com/post-613.aspx
69%
809. "Apocalypse Now"

more....
http://thecaptiansquarters.blogspot.com/2010/06/forbidden-to-tell-masses.html
69%
810. [PDF]Deep Submersibles and Potential Marine Geological, Biological, ...

microbial population may be resident deep in oceanic sediment and crust. ..... With increasing
pressure and temperature, dehydration reactions in the deep ...
http://www.unols.org/committees/dessc/replacement_HOV/NADAC_pot_sci.pdf
69%
811. [PPT]Chapter 4 - Tidewater Community College (TCC) Home

Both temperature and pressure increase with depth in the Earth's crust. ... the Earth's surface, will
require a higher temperature to melt deep in the crust. ... the water in the oceanic crust also
enhances melting and magma formation ...
http://www.tcc.edu/faculty/webpages/rclayton/GOL105_documents/PowerPoints/GOL105_chapter4
.ppt
69%
812. 12
And only have a single ocean. (2) The super continent then broke up ... geologists, geophysicists,
oceanographers from the ocean floors and the underlying crust. ...
http://www.d.umn.edu/~tzhu/geog1414/plate%20tectonics-2.htm
69%
813. A long in situ section of the lower ocean crust: results of ODP Leg 176 drilling at the
Southwest Indian Ridge
Dickâ, H.J.B. / Natland^b, J.H. / Alt^c, J.C. / Bach^c, W. / Bideau^c, D. / Gee^c, J.S. /
Haggas^c, S. / (...) / Holm^c, P.M.,Earth and Planetary Science Letters,179(1),p.31-51,Jun 2000 -
...TX 77845-9547, USA Ocean Drilling Program...in gabbroic lower oc
drill=yes&md5=14b9529e4d9eee56fb994bbbfa29e087
69%
814. AST 101WW - Quiz II

b. Different materials condense at different temperatures. c. They formed at different times. d.
There is no good explanation as to why they are composed of different materials. 30. New oceanic
crust on the Earth is:
http://student.ccbcmd.edu/courses/astm101c1/unit2/astquiz2.html
69%
815. Basic Geology Part 2 – CO2 in the Atmosphere and Ocean ...
How not to measure temperature, part 83: No smoking please ... Thus increasing ocean
temperature moves CO2 from the ocean into the atmosphere, and ...
http://wattsupwiththat.com/2009/02/20/basic-geology-part-2-co2-in-the-atmosphere-and-ocean/
69%
816. believe that only you can create a miracle

Algae tolerate a wide range of temperatures and can be found growing in hot springs, on snow
banks, or deep within polar ice....
http://diamalhotra.blogspot.com/2010/06/algae-algae-are-diverse-group-of-simple.html
69%
817. Boron contents of serpentinites and metabasalts in the oceanic ...

*0 This fractionation decreases with increasing temperature and time of exposure ... of boron
during serpentinization at deeper levels in the oceanic crust. ...
http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/0012821X70901007
69%
818. Carbonate Veins Reveal Chemistry Of Ancient Seawater ...

In a study published this week in Science, researchers describe a novel method for reconstructing
past ocean chemistry using calcium carbonate veins that precipitate ...
http://www.redorbit.com/news/science/1819482/carbonate_veins_reveal_chemistry_of_ancient_se
awater/index.html
69%
819. Catastrophic Plate Tectonics IV

... of the great deep hit the greater volumes of cold, ocean water and cooled rapidly. ... and
volcanic activity as described in Joel 2 and Acts 2 will increase: And I will display ...
http://www.creationinthecrossfire.com/Articles/CatastrophicPlates4.html
69%
820. CHAPTER 30 THE OCEANS

to one theory, all the Earth's crust floats on a central liquid core, and the portions ... Temperature.
Temperature. in the ocean varies widely, both. horizontally and with depth. ...
http://www.nga.mil/MSISiteContent/StaticFiles/NAV_PUBS/APN/Chapt-31.pdf
69%
821. Cold Facts on Global Warming

Of course, this 33 degree increase in temperature is not caused simply by ... ocean surface caused
by the small increases in ocean temperature that ...
http://brneurosci.org/co2.html
69%
822. Come Join us at David Wolfe's Longevity Confernce!!!

FYI, tickets are $247 at the moment and the price is set to increase on August 15th to $297....
http://www.therawfoodworld.com/blog/?p=1051
69%
823. Deep biosphere research points to new methods for recovering ...
ASU researchers are using a novel approach to uncover the source of organic compounds found
deep within Earth's crust; in the process, new ideas will be tested about ...
http://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2008-10/asu-dbr100708.php
69%
824. Deep drilling in the Earth's Crust [Archive] - Straight Dope ...
Is the bottomhole temprature increase a function of depth (greater ... one of the mid-ocean ridges,
where the ocean crust is already thin. ...
http://boards.straightdope.com/sdmb/archive/index.php/t-53680.html
69%
825. Deep submergence potential science

ROV's can provide less expensive access to the deep ocean. ... With increasing pressure and
temperature, dehydration reactions in the deep crustal and ...
http://www.unols.org/committees/dessc/papers/science_justification.html
69%
826. Drilling to Gabbro in Intact Ocean Crust - Wilson et al. 312 ...
Porosity and velocity then increase downhole in the gabbro but are still .... which indicates a much
steeper hydrothermal temperature gradient at Site 1256 ( ~ ... Our success shows that deep
drilling in young ocean crust formed at fast ...
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/full/sci;312/5776/1016
69%
827. Geothermal gradient - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Heat sources · Heat flow ·
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geothermal_gradient
69%
828. Gulf War Doomsday Scenarios

(Helium) by Terrence Aym Disturbing evidence is mounting that something frightening is happening
deep under the waters of the Gulf of Mexico—s...
http://goodmorningfloridakeys.com/?p=2813
69%
829. http://remaya.blogspot.com/2010/07/blog-post.html
It is an Atlantic salmon that contains a growth hormone gene from a Chinook salmon as well as a
genetic on-switch from the ocean pout, a distant relative of the s almon....
http://remaya.blogspot.com/2010/07/blog-post.html
69%
830. Hydrothermal fluxes at mid-ocean ridges and on ridge flanks

Alt, J.C.,Comptes Rendus Geoscience,335(10),p.853-864,Sep 2003 - ...mass at mid-ocean ridges
and on...fluxes in high temperature axial systems...rocks sampled by deep ocean drilling
are...anomaly in ocean crust occurs at low...correlations between temperat
drill=yes&md5=66c9d6485034d84b3ff3c235256b48b7
69%
831. Incorporation of seawater into mid-ocean ridge lava flows during emplacement
Soule, S.A. / Fornari, D.J. / Perfit, M.R. / Ridley, W.I. / Reed, M.H. / Cann, J.R.,Earth and Planetary
Science Letters,252(3),p.289-307,Dec 2006 - ...of glass in a lobate crust (3968-4). The small
circle...surface of the upper lava crust. Mineral phases i
drill=yes&md5=80faa97771a340a8d64d38a576789d64
69%
832. Inside the Earth | Sciencelearn Hub

High temperatures within the mantle cause the solid ... This is caused by the tremendous increase
in ... USSR, which attempted to drill as deep as possible into the Earth's crust.
http://www.sciencelearn.org.nz/Contexts/Earthquakes/Science-Ideas-and-Concepts/Inside-the-Eart
h
69%

... complete sections of the ocean crust as a priority and note that the deep ... at midlevels of the
crust. As such, high basement temperatures, which ... flow, there is a sharp increase in ...
http://iodp.tamu.edu/publications/PR/312PR/prel5.html
69%
834. Metamorphic Grade - Metamorphic Rocks And Facies, Types Of ...

In general, as the pressure and temperature increase so does the texture, ... pulling, or
subducting, rock deep into zones of immense pressure and temperature . ... high-grade
metamorphism produced when oceanic crust containing magnesium ...
http://science.jrank.org/pages/4268/Metamorphic-Grade.html
69%
835. MiddleSchoolPortal/Earth's Oceans - NSDLWiki

This free, standards-based, online resource guide developed for middle school science teachers
focuses on the oceans as a part of the Earth system: oceans and ...
http://wiki.nsdl.org/index.php/MiddleSchoolPortal/Earth's_Oceans
69%
836. OBSERVATION AND MODELING OFA BURIED MELT-FREEZE CRUST

A similar phenomenon is the temperature crust, which ... metamorphism near crusts and under low
temperature gradients, typical of a deep ... of warm moist air from over the Pacific Ocean ...
http://www.issw2008.com/papers/P__8172.pdf
69%
837. Ocean and Crust of an Accreting Neutron Star

OHMIC DIFFUSION IN THE DEEP OCEAN AND CRUST ..... not by processes in the deep crust and
core. In order of increasing temperature, the solutions (Fig. ...
http://iopscience.iop.org/0004-637X/496/2/915/fulltext
69%
838. Ocean Energy and Mineral Resources

Marine hydrothermal minerals are found in the deep ocean volcanos on oceanic ridges and island
arc systems. The cobalt-rich manganese crusts found on the flanks of most of the 50, 000-plus
extinct volcanic seamounts in the Pacific Ocean are hydrogenetic de
http://www.yoto98.noaa.gov./yoto/meeting/energy_316.html
69%
839. oceanic-crust
c) deep-sea drilling (DSDP, now ODP) d ... Most of the oceanic crust is formed at mid-ocean ridges
... layer 2 - seismic velocities (3.5-6.2 km/s) increase
http://www.geology.udel.edu/~jmadsen/oceanic-crust.html
69%
840. OceanLink | Biodviersity - Ask a Marine Scientist

... dense communities of animals living deep in the ocean, far from any source of ... scarce with
increasing depth and the abundance and diversity of animals ...
http://www.oceanlink.info/biodiversity/ask/deepsea.html
69%
841. Ocen definition of Ocen in the Free Online Encyclopedia.
Pressure in the ocean waters increases with increasing depth due to the weight ... The deep ocean
floor begins at the seaward edge of the continental rise or ...
http://encyclopedia2.thefreedictionary.com/Ocen
69%
842. Oil Volcano Pressure Too Strong For Containment

more....
http://www.nwofighters.org/oil-volcano-pressure-too-strong-for-containment/
69%
843. Oil Volcano Pressure Too Strong For Containment...

more....
http://medi8ing.wordpress.com/2010/06/15/oil-volcano-pressure-too-strong-for-containment
69%
844. Paul Noel: “If the sea floor collapses we could have a much bigger problem”
These deep deposits are very stable because the temperature and pressure are not unstable at
these locations....
http://www.infokriegernews.de/wordpress/2010/06/20/paul-noel-if-the-sea-floor-collapses-we-coul
d-have-a-much-bigger-problem/
69%
845. Poems and descriptions by the Insjmoezer

But about the existence of oil, gas and coals in the earth's crust underneath of the deep oceans,
what we humans cannot reach, the insjmoozer come to the following conclusion.
http://insjmoezer.nl/desc2_eng.htm
69%
846. Re: At what depth in the earth can you reach a constant, ...
The mantle extends beneath the crust to about 2900 km (1800 miles) deep. ... So, in order to get
any real increase in temperature, you still have to dig ...
http://www.madsci.org/posts/archives/2002-03/1017275290.Es.r.html
69%
847. Science Test Chapter 13 flashcards | Quizlet

Feb 21, 2008 ... what tempature zone bottom layer extends from the base to the bottom of the
ocean ... what is made up of oceanic crust? deep ocean basin ...
http://quizlet.com/190979/science-test-chapter-13-flash-cards/
69%
848. Strontium isotope constraints on fluid flow in the upper oceanic crust at the East
Pacific Rise
Gillis, K.M. / Coogan, L.A. / Pedersen, R.,Earth and Planetary Science Letters,232(1),p.83-94,Mar
2005 - ...versus ancient crust The sheeted...recovered at Ocean Drilling...with Hess Deep
([39]and...similar to Hess Deep dikes, however...differences in temp
drill=yes&md5=371d54a6c553334174364d69c5f4e2f5
69%
849. The ''chessboard'' classification scheme of mineral deposits: Mineralogy and geology
from aluminum to zirconium
Dill, H.G.,Earth Science Reviews,100(1),p.1-420,Jun 2010 - ...hydrothermal Fe mineralization on
the seafloor of the Pacific Ocean (Sonne 62 Cruise) (source: U. Siewers). a) Black smoker...rock
reactions (uptake of Fe) while percolating through the crust. A
drill=yes&md5=c285038f7a6853d070de5f94d4cb476d
69%
850. The Machine in Neptune's Garden : Book reviews : Journal for Maritime Research
During the 1870s an argument had raged in Britain between W.B. Carpenter and James Croll about
the driving force behind the circulation of the deep ocean, Carpenter advocating water density
differences while Croll favoured wind driven surface currents.
http://www.jmr.nmm.ac.uk/server/show/conJmrBookReview.86
69%
851. Threatening Correspondence ?

Take a deeper look at what really is going on....
http://www.joabbess.com/2010/06/24/threatening-correspondence
69%
852. Tools & Resources: Geology Glossary - CliffsNotes

aa flow a lava flow that develops a partially solidified surface as it moves forward, ... fault on the
ocean floor that separates crustal plates and generates new ocean crust. ...
http://www.cliffsnotes.com/WileyCDA/Section/Geology-Glossary.id-305499,articleId-60081.html
69%
853. Wikipedia:Mantle (geology) - Global Warming Art

The mantle is a highly viscous layer between the crust and the outer core. ... crust and mantle) and
the increase in temperature and pressure as one moves deeper into the Earth. ...
http://www.globalwarmingart.com/wiki/Wikipedia:Mantle_(geology)
69%
854. Worst Case Scenario?

more....
http://autobiographyofapolarbear.wordpress.com/2010/06/19/worst-case-scenario
69%
855. [PDF]Date: 1. Which of the following statements regarding the - ...

New oceanic crust is created at ______. A) subduction zones. B) deep-sea trenches ... What is the
average rate at which temperature increases with depth in ...
http://www.geol.lsu.edu/jlorenzo/PhysicalGeology_S2009/exam_stuff/mterms_09/MidtermExam2_2
.pdf
68%
856. [PDF]Microbial life in ridge flank crustal fluids

ment cores revealed an increase in bacterial cell numbers at the sediment– basement interface, .....
ability in old ocean crust, including temperature gradients ..... bolic activity of subsurface life in
deep-sea sediments. Sci- ...
http://www3.interscience.wiley.com/journal/118567264/articletext?DOI=10.1111/j.1462-2920.2005
.00872.x
68%

... n the rough North Atlantic, with a design which sacrificed revenue-producing volume and lower
construction costs of the traditional cruise ship for the required safety, s peed, and stability of the
ocean liner....
http://www.floridalandflip.com/a-transatlantic-crossing-with-the-queen-mary-2
68%
858. Brazilian and African passive margins of the Central Segment of the South Atlantic
Ocean: Kinematic constraints
Aslanian, D. / Moulin, M. / Olivet, J.L. / Unternehr, P. / Matias, L. / Bache, F. / Rabineau, M. / (...) /
Contrucci, I.,Tectonophysics,468(1),p.98-112,Apr 2009 - ...the first typical ocean crust
(pre-break-up position...the South Atlantic Ocean. Part of t
drill=yes&md5=f38a67ea10fd203e5e2f1708d36560e1
68%
859. Carbon cycle - New World Encyclopedia

Apr 3, 2008 ... In addition, increased global temperatures would warm the oceans, ... Giant
larvacean houses: Rapid carbon transport to the deep seafloor. ...
http://www.newworldencyclopedia.org/entry/Carbon_cycle
68%
860. Chapter 1:Science and the Human Prospect

Biologists specializing in deep life have discovered bacteria living up to five miles within the Earth's
crust, some thermophiles (heat lovers) such as Bacillus infernus can survive temperatures They can
survive extremely high temperatures and live deep wi
http://home.honolulu.hawaii.edu/~pine/book1qts/chapter1pl.html
68%
861. Dissolved aluminium and the silicon cycle in the Arctic Ocean
Middag, R. / de Baar, H.J.W. / Laan, P. / Bakker, K.,Marine Chemistry,115(3),p.176-195,Aug 2009 -
...circles) and Deep Eurasian Basin Water (DEBW) and Deep Makarov Basin...graph: potential
temperature (ôC) versus salinity for the deep Nansen, Amundsen...S
drill=yes&md5=ef65e9c4ff0733eb9c7a08c27f46b6e4
68%
862. Evidence for hydrothermal venting in Fe isotope compositions ...

These results suggest that the Fe cycle in the deep ocean is decoupled from that ... A second crust
located within 100 km of the. first IB sample does not ...
http://www.geology.wisc.edu/~unstable/PDF/Chu_et_al_2006_EPSL.pdf
68%
863. Geol 1305 Test I Fall 2003 Maddox

continental crust; oceanic crust; deep mantle material; asthenosphere ... temperature and pressure
both increase; temperature and pressure both ... The age of oceanic crust ______ with increasing
distance from a mid-ocean ridge. ...
http://sites.actx.edu/~maddox_dw/geol1305_test1.htm
68%
864. Geomicrobiology of deep, low organic carbon sediments in the Woodlark Basin, Pacific
Ocean
Wellsbury, P. / Mather, I. / Parkes, R.J.,FEMS Microbiology Ecology,42(1),p.59-70,Oct 2002 - ...of
extremes of temperature, fluid incursions...importance of deep acetate metabolism...to the zone of
ocean floor spreading...incursions or high temperature the
drill=yes&md5=906b78c93a4fad99df2c8b5947cfa104
68%
865. Grade 8 Earth Science Review

As you go deeper temperature and pressure increase, but at different rates. ... Old crust is being
swallowed up in ocean trenches at the same time so the ocean bottom is ...
http://www.angelfire.com/nj/PflommScience/GepaRvwNotes.htm
68%
866. Hawaiian Islands weather details & Aloha paragraphs / June 21-22, 2010
The following maximum temperatures were recorded across...
http://www.hawaiiweathertoday.com/?p=7036
68%
867. In the Beginning: Compelling Evidence for Creation and the Flood ...
Continental crust has been discovered under ... much of this methane combined with cold, deep
ocean ... Temperatures drop as elevation increases. For example, for every mile one climbs ...
http://www.creationscience.com/onlinebook/HydroplateOverview7.html
68%
868. Introduction to the Deep Sea Environment | Search Engine Detect

Aug 3, 2010 ... It is possible to date the ocean crust as the plates move apart and spread ... also
reflects the age of the ocean crust with thickness increasing as we ... of deep water with changes
in temperature, density and salinity. ...
http://sedetect.com/introduction-to-the-deep-sea-environment.html
68%
869. Karner's personal lecture notes for all lectures are posted here
Earth's ocean crust gets recycled; continental crust is too light to sink into the mantle ... changes in
density or temperature sends water from the surface to the deep ocean. ...
http://www.sonoma.edu/users/k/karner/S08.110.web/S08.110.lecturenotes.htm
68%
870. Mars Was Wet, But Was It Warm?

“On the greenhouse problem, we’re just drifting into deeper and deeper complexity. ... Kasting said
the surface of Mars is mainly basalt – a hard crust that would be comparatively resistant to
erosion....
http://spaceplex.com/2010/06/02/mars-was-wet-but-was-it-warm/
68%
871. Next Decade Plan (2004 - 2013) | InterRidge :: International ...

Deep Earth Sampling. Global Exploration. The scientific questions which ... Deep holes in the ocean
crust and mantle require proper engineering and planning, ...
http://www.interridge.org/ja/science/nextdecade
68%
872. Ocean Tipping Point? . NOW on PBS
Our foreign policy and domestic policy make me very angry, sick, and ... The differences between
her experiment and the real life ocean and polar ice are so ...
http://www.pbs.org/now/shows/527/oceans-climate-change.html
68%
873. Review of dynamicsEkman layer dynamicsRegional ...

... of temperature and salinity. At temperatures above about 5°C it decreases with increasing
temperature and ... In most deep ocean situations salinity does not change enough to ...
http://oceanografia.cicese.mx/cursos/sco/chapter01.html
68%
874. S Oceans Ppt Presentation

s Oceans - A PowerPoint presentation ... Midocean ridges are areas where molten material from
deep within the Earth flows up to the surface and cools and forms new crust. Rifts: ...
http://www.authorstream.com/Presentation/Susann-50001-Oceans-Worlds-Seas-Water-Cycle-Prope
rties-Ocean-Major-Elements-Salinity-Sources-Salt-s-as-Education-ppt-powerpoint/
68%
875. Stresses induced by the addition or removal of overburden

An increase in temperature (positive DT) induces a compressional ... crust is determined by the
vertical distribution of radioactive heat elements and the ...
http://geophysics.ou.edu/geomechanics/readings/haxby/index.html
68%
876. Tanganyika: Latest Victim Of Deceptive "Cap & Trade's" Economic Assault
Furthermore, there are various species of life which exist rather amiably in temperatures of over
400 degrees Fahrenheit in the deep ocean where they thrive in volcanic v ents on the sea floor....
http://www.factbat.com/blog/2010/5/19/tanganyika-latest-victim-of-deceptive-cap-trades-economic
-as.html
68%
877. The effect of plume processes on the Fe-isotope composition of hydrothermally derived
Fe in the deep ocean as inferred from the
Severmann, S. / Johnson, C.M. / Beard, B.L. / German, C.R. / Edmonds, H.N. / Chiba, H. / Green,
D.R.H.,article,Jan 2004 - ...N MAR Deep Sea Research...Abstract High-temperature
hydrothermal...occurs in all ocean basins and...Fe ratios increase progressivel
http://eprints.soton.ac.uk/11073/
68%
878. The Great Story Timeline of the Epic of Evolution

3.8 bya the first LIFE (Archaea) evolves in a very hot environment, possibly at great depth within
Earth's crust or at hydrothermal fissures in the floor of the deep oceans. Early MAMMALS continue
to diversify, but most still get no bigger than squirrel-si
http://www.thegreatstory.com/timeline.html
68%
879. The lithium isotopic composition of orogenic eclogites and ...

Lithium is enriched in low-temperature oceanic crust with an increase of 7Li/6Li ... but the
quantification of the element and isotope budgets of deeply ...
http://dx.doi.org/doi:10.1016/j.epsl.2007.08.005
68%
880. The oceanic crust in 3D: Paleomagnetic reconstruction in the Troodos ophiolite gabbro
Granot, R. / Abelson, M. / Ron, H. / Agnon, A.,Earth and Planetary Science
Letters,251(3),p.280-292,Nov 2006 - ...4 0 53 -44 The oceanic crust in 3D: Paleomagnetic
reconstruction...deformation of the upper crust by new paleomagnetic data...is a unique expo
drill=yes&md5=5a1fd0f6c503fe230b428b9598d0f815
68%
881. The origin and nature of Titan's methane reservoir

Stevenson (1990) proposed that a 1000 metre deep ocean could be effectively concealed within
the pore spaces of a three kilometre deep regolith; this regolith being composed of impact
fractured fragments of water ice crust. In order for the methane to surv
http://www.ucl.ac.uk/EarthSci/research/planetary/undergraduate/dom/weathering_titan/chap6.htm
68%
882. Too many fossils for a global flood [Archive] - TheologyWeb Campus
39. John M. Hunt, "Distribution of Carbon in Crust of the Earth," American Association of Petroleum
Geologists, 56:11(1972), p. What we observe is coal on the continents but NO coal anywhere in the
deep ocean basins. J.M. Hunt, ""Distribution of Carbon in
http://www.theologyweb.com/campus/archive/index.php/t-11339.html
68%
883. TYPES OF ROCKS

Typically, the melting is caused by one or more of three processes: an increase in temperature, a
decrease in pressure, or a change in composition....
http://angela-soraca.blogspot.com/2010/05/types-of-rocks.html
68%
884. WHAT THE U.S. SCIENTISTS ARE FORBIDDEN TO TELL THE MASSES AS TO THE GULF
more....
http://doctorjamespwickstrom.blogspot.com/2010/06/what-us-scientists-are-forbidden-to.html
68%
885. [PDF]Exploring Subseafloor Life with the Integrated Ocean Drilling ...
Consequently, deep drilling of the ocean crust and sediments is uniquely positioned to access ...
although higher temperature limits have been inferred by a ..... should be optimized to increase
quality and, when possible, ...
http://www.iodp.org/iodp_journals/3_Exploring_Subseafloor_Life_SD5.pdf
67%
886. [PDF]SCD142_3
done through the oceanic crust rather than through the continental crust because oceanic ... (4)
density decreases, but temperature and pressure increase. 500 Points: ... Shallow-water fossils are
found in rock layers that are deep ...
http://theedugame.com/newsite/dl/premade/physical_science/SCD142_3.pdf
67%

If this theory is correct, we would expect to see large transfers of carbon from the ocean to the
atmosphere at the end of each ice age or glacial period. ... If correct, this theory provides evidence
of a large release of carbon dioxide that suddenly and
http://blog.cleantechies.com/2010/06/01/great-carbon-dioxide-burp
67%
888. A new geochemical approach for constraining a marine redox condition of Early
Archean
Nakamura, K. / Kato, Y.,Earth and Planetary Science Letters,261(1),p.296-302,Sep 2007 - ...the 3.7
Ga ocean (Rosing and...carbonate-rich ocean rather than...for anoxic deep-sea in the...in oceanic
crust as it is subjected...during low-temperature alteratio
drill=yes&md5=a6f9e9ec084ad84ba2f7b74a025662fe
67%
889. An Adventure In The Magic Space

The mast colored crust, deep blue ocean and white atmosphere are found in the ... According to its
temperature, the atmosphere can be divided into the following ...
http://activity.ntsec.gov.tw/space/EN/Show.asp?XH26
67%
890. An integrated kinematic and geochemical model to determine lithospheric extension

and mantle temperature from syn-rift...
Dean, S.M. / Murton, B.J. / Minshull, T.A. / Henstock, T.J. / White, R.S.,Earth and Planetary Science
Letters,278(1),p.26-39,Feb 2009 - ...and synrift mantle temperature can be inferred...the initial
mantle temperature and source composition...added to the
drill=yes&md5=c8eae97866f77671c4c690513be281cf
67%
891. animal rights motorcycle gang

The few exceptions have tectonic origins where plate movements have lifted the deep ocean floor
on the surface....
http://www.thenoblevoice.us/animal-rights-motorcycle-gang/
67%
892. Are there Oceans on Other Planets?

Brief and Straightforward Guide: Are there Oceans on Other Planets? ... from Titan, there are
probably liquid oceans deep beneath the crust of ice moons like Europa. These moons ...
http://www.wisegeek.com/are-there-oceans-on-other-planets.htm
67%
893. c cycle processes

Temperature is another important consideration in many life processes, and ... of most metabolic
processes increase with temperature, but there is usually an ...
http://www.geosc.psu.edu/~dbice/DaveSTELLA/Carbon/c_cycle_processes.htm
67%
894. Chapter 2
b. are marked by deep-ocean trenches whenever at least one of the plate edges is ... of dense
oceanic crust that can be subducted into the mantle, and ...
http://www.mhhe.com/earthsci/geology/duxoceans/student/studyguide/chapter2.doc
67%
895. Chapter 5 Structure and Plate Tectonics

b. Observed that the ocean sediment thickness indicated that the ocean (260 Ma) was much ...
core mantle boundary, increase temperature causes decreased density. ...
http://www.rci.rutgers.edu/~jdwright/Historical/Chap.05.htm
67%
896. Characteristics of a kilometer-scale high strain zone in the lower continental crust: Mt.
Hay block, central Australia
Waters-Tormey, C. / Tikoff, B.,Journal of Structural Geology,29(4),p.562-582,Apr 2007 - ...Arunta
Strain localization Lower crust Competency 1 Introduction Strain...naturally deformed ductile crust
is critical information needed...syndeformational changes
drill=yes&md5=8bbbbf2e749cb1fd359c65698b6d5a3c
67%
897. CLASS 5: ORIGIN OF MAGMA INTRODUCTION

The most obvious is a local increase of temperature, just as ice melts ... form when sedimentary
rock is carried deep into the ... by partial melting of basalt and gabbro (i. e. ocean crust ...
http://earth.unh.edu/esci401/docs/class_5.pdf
67%
898. Global warming

Southern ocean could slow global warming ... Russell and her colleagues conducted the study while
she was a researcher at Princeton University and the National Oceanic and ...
http://www.theallineed.com/ecology/06121805.htm
67%
899. Global Warming - What's really going on?? - Climate Prize?! - $25M [...
"If it gets cold, ice caps form, chemical weathering decreases, carbon dioxide accumulates in the
atmosphere, which increases the greenhouse effect and surface temperatures. If it gets hot, the
rate of chemical weathering increases, the rate of burial of s
http://imaginativeworlds.com/forum/archive/index.php/t-6983.html
67%
900. How It Works: The Deepest Drill | Popular Science

Apr 1, 2010 ... If it detects a sudden increase in pressure, it can seal off select ... For deeper
ground penetration, where temperatures can exceed 500°F and .... Water is carried down with
oceanic crust into the mantle all the time. ...
http://www.popsci.com/technology/article/2010-03/deepest-drill
67%
901. Man & Nature

... with increasing temperature and pressure (i.e., increasing depth in ... by fracture, whereas rocks
in the deep crust and mantle undergo plastic flow or creep over geologic time ...
http://www.ruf.rice.edu/~leeman/Man&Nature.html
67%
902. Name: ____________________ Page 1

Mar 2010 - ...B] b )) T = Temperature (K) R = gas...ice cores ?? Deep ocean crust patterns ??x
Record...productivity of the open ocean. Would you use...production will increase until year
70...Metabolic Process Deep-sea hydrothermal...
http://ocw.mit.edu/courses/civil-and-environmental-engineering/1-018j-ecology-i-the-earth-system-
fall-2009/exams/MIT1_018JF09_exam_1.pdf
67%
903. Nature of Geothermal Energy - Utah Geological Survey
Generation of new oceanic crust at spreading centers such as the mid-Atlantic ... water with
heating due to the normal increase in temperature with depth. ... result of deep circulation along
major faults in a region of high heat flow. ...
http://geology.utah.gov/emp/geothermal/nature_of_geothermal_energy.htm
67%
904. Nature template - PC Word 97

1 Nominally anhydrous minerals and Earth's deep water ... 10 cm per year [ Gordon, 1995], and
the average ocean crust ... of the intervening transition zone; decreased temperature increases P
...
http://ruby.colorado.edu/~smyth/Research/Papers/DeepWaterCycle.pdf
67%
905. Outln Ch12

... of chemical processes and features, and their variations in the ocean; ... increase) or reversed
halocline (overridden by a stronger temperature decrease) ...
http://www.tamuk.edu/geo/Jordan/f02/es1/co/coch12.htm
67%
906. Outln Ch12

Sediment thickness and variety both tend to be much less in the deep ocean, where only ... in a
deep ocean area is about 1 km, and this rests on areas of old oceanic crust. ...
http://www.tamuk.edu/Geo/Jordan/MAJCourses/Fall_1999/ES1/coch12.htm
67%
907. Reuters AlertNet - Deep-sea volcanoes play key climate role ...
... CO2 capture * Iron-rich waters from volcanoes crucial to global climate * Iron helps tiny
CO2-absorbing plants bloom in oceans By David Fogarty ...
http://www.alertnet.org/thenews/newsdesk/SGE62E03D.htm
67%
908. Royal Society Stunner: "Observations suggest that the ongoing rise in global average
temperatures may already be eliciting a haz
... y global warming with temperature increases of over 12°C predicted for much of North America
and Northern Asia....
http://climateprogress.org/2010/04/19/global-warming-link-volcanoes-earthquakes-landslides-tsuna
mis-royal-society-scientists
67%
909. Serpentinization of abyssal peridotites at mid-ocean ridges

Mevel, C.,Comptes Rendus Geoscience,335(10),p.825-852,Sep 2003 - ...peridotites at mid-ocean
ridges Serpentinisation...the oceanic crust generated...as the low temperature serpentine...a
volume increase. It results...the oceanic crust affects its...with hi
drill=yes&md5=52639239a11752e1dfe6278a989579f5
67%
910. Shearing instabilities accompanying high-pressure phase transformations and the

mechanics of deep earthquakes.
Green, Harry W,Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of
America,104(22),p.9133-9138,May 2007 - Deep earthquakes...The combined increase of pressure
and temperature with depth...pressure and temperature and growing...sliding i
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=Abstract&list_ui
ds=17468397
67%
911. Subtropical Arctic Ocean temperatures during the Palaeocene/Eocene ...

This ridge represents a fragment of continental crust that rifted from the ... 5 mthermal expansion
of seawater expected froma5-88C (refs 2,3) increase in deep ocean temperatures.
http://www.purdue.edu/climate/huber0507.pdf
67%
912. The fate of Earth's ocean

of the mantle and crust, the geophysical and rheological. properties of materials that ... the
atmosphere and the oceans, the appearance and evolution ...
http://www.hydrol-earth-syst-sci.net/5/569/2001/hess-5-569-2001.pdf
67%
913. THE QUR'AN AND SCIENCE

Say: 'If both men and jinn banded togetherto produce the like of this Qur'an,they could never pr
http://learningfromquran.blogspot.com/2010/06/quran-and-science.html
67%
914. The very early thermal state of Terra Cimmeria: Implications for magnetic carriers in
the crust of Mars
Ruiz, J.,Icarus,203(2),p.454-459,Oct 2009 - ...thickness of the magnetized crust. Fig. 6 Curie depth
as a function of Curie temperature calculated fork=2Wm...85muWm-3, a surface temperature of
0ôC, and hydrostatic...thickness of the magnetized crust. The
drill=yes&md5=6e060cfb57c6c30efde4da8fa8145278
67%
915. TOTAL MEDIA BLACKOUT ON GULF OIL SPILL and FAA Closes Airspace over the Gulf
... crust is between 80,000 to 100,000 barrels per day....
http://www.nwofighters.org/total-media-blackout-on-gulf-oil-spill-and-faa-closes-airspace-over-the-
gulf/
67%
916. [PDF]Compositional Stratification in the Deep Mantle

of oceanic crust and lithosphere, plus small amounts of recycled continental .... both the
temperature and the thermal expansion coefficient, neither of which is ... assuming that the
intrinsic density increase in the lower layer is ...
http://quake.mit.edu/hilstgroup/MIT-HRVD2005/190405/Kellogg1999.pdf
66%
917. [PDF]Unit X Study Guide

Plates slide past each other, and crust is neither created nor destroyed, at a ... d. pressure
increases, light increases, and temperature increases ... What type of ocean current brings cold
water from the deep ocean to the surface? ...
http://www.nwr1biology.com/pdfs/X%20Study%20Guide.pdf
66%
918. 16
For a given density of seawater, when temperature increases, the percent of salinity also increases.
16....
http://matnmatn.blogfa.com/post-8.aspx
66%

ocean liner....
http://www.qqxqb.com/index.php/archives/3975
66%

... he required safety, speed, and stability of the ocean liner....
http://glacierbaytoilets.net/a-transatlantic-crossing-with-the-queen-mary-2/
66%

ocean liner....
http://foodcartbiz.com/a-transatlantic-crossing-with-the-queen-mary-2
66%
922. Alone in the dark: geodynamics without seismic velocities

in deep basins, depth to the Moho, petrological composition, temperature regime and ... and
continent-ocean transition at the NW Australian Margin) are underlain by anomalously ...
http://www.earthbyte.org/Events/ChapmanConference/AbstractsReceived/AbstractFiles/Goncharov.
pdf
66%
923. Chapter 3
On average, the ocean is about 4000 m deep. and contains 40,000 GtC ... and the deep ocean
below 1000 m. Its. waters circulate between surface and deep. layers ...
http://www.fossil.energy.gov/programs/sequestration/publications/1999_rdreport/chap3.pdf
66%
924. Coral reef

The few exceptions have tectonic origins where plate movements have lifted the deep ocean floor
on the surface....
http://www.2voyage.com/coral-reef.html
66%
925. eScholarship: The oceanic crust in 3D: Paleomagnetic ...

This is a unique exposure of deep crustal rocks formed at both an inside-corner .... According to
their interpretation, the high temperature component of ..... These vectors exhibit a gradual
increase in the amount of rotation about a ...
http://www.escholarship.org/uc/item/6xm7n29z?display=all?display=all
66%

http://wave-mechanics.materialgeek.com/general-knowledge-pt-ii
66%
927. Geology 111 - A3 - Global geology at the turn of the century
earth's crust and mantle, and how it has implications for virtually every aspect ... The crust is
approximately 5 km thick under the oceans and 30 to 60 km thick on ...
http://records.viu.ca/~earles/geol111/lectures/notes02.pdf
66%
928. Global warming

There were no mountain ranges or deep oceans. The hot water would have contained a lot of ...
that it would cause an increase in earthquakes and volcanoes, and ...
http://www.erichufschmid.net/Global-warming/Global-warming.html
66%
929. How Life Works: Biosphere as Process

MorningEarth celebrates the natural and majestic beauty that surrounds us every day. ... Ocean at
the plate boundary, the plates are moving apart, and new crust is being formed. ...
http://www.morning-earth.org/Graphic-E/Biosphere/Bios-process.html
66%
930. How Our Planet Formed

... path, from about twenty degrees north to twenty degrees south, the water in the steamy
atmosphere began to condense and fill two oceans, a North Ocean and a South O...
http://arthurearle.blogspot.com/2010/05/how-our-planet-formed_28.html
66%

Deep-focus earthquakes occur only near the deep-ocean trenches where ... Sections of crust rise
and fall isostatically as temperature changes alter their density ...
66%
932. KEY
Ocean temperature increases with depth. Ocean temperature is the same at all depths. ... craters
and deep cracks just like the Moon. Which is NOT a way oceanographers gather new ...
http://www.northgatech.edu/gystc/Assessment/Benchmarks/Key%20Oceanography5th%20grade.d
oc
66%
933. MIT OpenCourseWare

Jan 2009 - ...also able to show increase as the number of...resistance and resilience increase if
there is more...causing a dramatic increase in CO2 in the atmosphere...already increasing the
temperature of the planet...look here in the ocean, my favorite
http://ocw.mit.edu/courses/biology/7-014-introductory-biology-spring-2005/video-lectures/7_01420
05L36.pdf
66%
934. Ocean Basin Profiles Description

... crust samples from deep ... Ocean crust ages for a portion of ... is controlled by temperature
and cooling causes the lithosphere to increase in thickness away from the mid-ocean ridge
http://web.ics.purdue.edu/~braile/eas100/hwk3.htm
66%
935. Plate Tectonic processes - Australian Museum

... to 200 km wide (e.g along the Atlantic Ocean). Because oceanic crust ... up from the interior of
the Earth, the temperatures must increase ... from the Earth's core, others from less deep ...
http://australianmuseum.net.au/Plate-Tectonic-processes
66%
936. recent earth quakes past 80 days - Science a GoGo's ...

and any ocean that is now warmer , would be less able to supply ... due to buoyancy changes in
the deep crust. 3. Increasing rebound of Greenland could cause ...
http://www.scienceagogo.com/forum/ubbthreads.php?ubb=showflat&Number=24589
66%
937. Renewable Energy - V.Divya & P.Sashanka

... arth’s crust in some places of the globe or from some meters in geothermal heat pump in all the
places of the planet. ... Flash plants take hot water, usually at temperatures over 200 °C, out of the
ground, and allows it to b...
http://www.yuvaengineers.com/?p=495
66%
938. The Deep Sea Environment - search for resources

he Chronos Group has interests in deep sea exploration. Here we explore some of the ... of the
ocean crust with thickness increasing as we move away from mid ocean ridges for ...
http://www.articlesbase.com/science-articles/the-deep-sea-environment-search-for-resources-1712
236.html
66%
939. The hydrosphere and the oceans

The Earth's crust ... to the upper levels of the ocean, the deep ocean is stratified; the density
increases with ... Temperature and salinity profiles in a north ...
http://www.chem1.com/acad/webtext/geochem/05txt.html
66%
940. University of Utah Alumni Association e-newsletter, U-News & ...

Elevation increases in a given area could provide notice—tens of millions of years in advance—of
volcanic processes beginning to awake deep in the lithosphere, he adds. ... New ocean floor crust is
produced by volcanic eruptions at undersea ... scienti
http://www.alumni.utah.edu/u-news/july07/rocky_mtn_high.html
66%
941. 3.0 When Oceans Rusted

Before we proceed to probe through the very deepest and darkest recesses of geological time, we
must first dispense with this comfortable fiction....
http://finstofeet.wordpress.com/2010/03/19/3-0-when-oceans-rusted
65%

ocean liner....
http://www.palm-tree-lamps.info/a-transatlantic-crossing-with-the-queen-mary-2
65%

ocean liner....
http://www.winespages.info/wp/article/a-transatlantic-crossing-with-the-queen-mary-2/
65%
944. A-Level Geography Room

An increase in temperature of 10 degrees Celsius can double or triple the ... oceanic crust and the
rigid upper mantle. The lithospheric plates float and move over ...
http://www.fed.cuhk.edu.hk/geo/AL/core/landform/tipEssay.html
65%
945. Another wrinkle on observations of the Abyssal Ocean: Geothermal Heating

Apr 2005 - ...of the Abyssal Ocean: Geothermal Heating...flux out of the ocean bottom that
exceeded...the earth’s crust and being injected into the ocean like hot springs...often influence
temperature, salinity, and...tracers such as deep helium, which..
http://ocw.mit.edu/courses/earth-atmospheric-and-planetary-sciences/12-808-introduction-to-obser
vational-physical-oceanography-fall-2004/lecture-notes/course_notes_11.pdf
65%
946. Coastal Flooding and Rising Sea Levels

What is the median temperature at both poles in April and how far is the ... The deep-sea beds
where the crust of the Earth is relatively thin will give first and ...
http://www.grantchronicles.com/astro45a.htm
65%
947. Dior Girl » Introduction to the Deep Sea Environment

It is possible to date the ocean crust as the plates move apart and spread over ... the ocean crust
with thickness increasing as we move away from mid ocean ridges .... Secondly we have a brief
discussion of temperature. The deep sea is ...
http://www.diorgirl.com/introduction-to-the-deep-sea-environment/
65%
948. EARTH, A PLANET

... ouse” of man. From space the earth looks like a ball of Big Blue stirring white clouds over the
ocean blue....
http://www.mortonbuildings.org/earth-a-planet.html
65%
949. Ecology
[33] [edit] Ecological niche Main article: Ecological niche Termite mounds with varied heights of
chimneys regulate gas exchange, temperature and other environmental p...
http://sunatia.wordpress.com/2010/04/25/ecology
65%
950. Environment - carbon

The ocean crust completes this cycle over 100-200 million years and it has ... of C from the surface
to the deep ocean reduces the CO2 in the surface waters ...
http://www.lifesciences.napier.ac.uk/teaching/Env/Ccycle.html
65%
951. ES 15 QUIZ 1
the seafloor near the ridge is older crust. d. natural catastrophes formed most of the ... ocean crust
while the asthenosphere represents continental crust. ...
http://www2.sunysuffolk.edu/hornj/PracticeTest1_ES15Fall20075830.htm
65%
952. Formation of Mineral Resources in the South and Equatorial ...

crust spreading rate, and the nature of divergent and convergent ... also to efficiently increase the
range of accessible goods and service of Nature ...
http://www.cprm.gov.br/seminar.marine_minerals/abstracts/Abstract_Formation_Mineral_Resource
s_in_the_South_and_Equatorial_Atla.pdf
65%
953. Geological Society - Don Anderson joins the Caribbean Debate

Feb 2, 2010 ... Did it originate in the Pacific Ocean from a deep thermal “starting ... plateaux does
not imply either high absolute temperature or deep sources. ... Plume theory does not predict the
increase of magmatism with time along ... Oceanic crus
http://www.geolsoc.org.uk/gsl/geoscientist/pid/7169
65%
954. Geology: Geothermal Gradients - CliffsNotes

The Ocean Floor ... The internal temperature of the earth increases with depth ... far exceeds the
melting temperatures for all rocks at that depth. Since the crust and ...
http://www.cliffsnotes.com/WileyCDA/CliffsReviewTopic/Geothermal-Gradients.topicArticleId-9605,
articleId-9561.html
65%
955. Hegaion E
With increasing temperatures, CO2 is pushed from the ocean out to the ... the ocean by a slight
temperature increase would amplify said increase (positive ...
http://www.hegaion.com/
65%
956. http://www.ocean.com/ > Science and Technology

... measure the temperature and salinity of the upper 2000 m of the ocean. ... ever detected
rupture in the earth crust. A fast and correct seismological recording and ...
http://www.ocean.com/category.asp?locationid=2&tabid=&subtabid=228&CatID=228
65%
957. Key component of Earth's crust formed from moving, molten rock ...
... about 8 miles) deep in the Earth's crust 55 ... narrow range of temperatures. In the continental
crust, temperature was usually believed to increase ... in parts of Indian Ocean ...
http://www.geologytimes.com/Research/Key_component_of_Earths_crust_formed_from_moving_
molten_rock_researchers_discover.asp
65%
958. List of oceans definition of List of oceans in the Free Online ...
It is now also generally accepted that a new ocean crust has been forming ... The deep ocean floor
begins at the seaward edge of the continental rise or ...... Thus, the temperature drops with
increasing depth, becoming 1.4°–1.8°C in ...
http://encyclopedia2.thefreedictionary.com/List+of+oceans
65%
Imaging the lower crust in deep water. The Cambridge digital seismic recorder for land and ...
temperature increase compared to mantle beneath normal ocean basins. ...
http://www.earthscrust.org/earthscrust/reports/canberra.html
65%

Mar 2009 - ...connected to open ocean. 2. Sites of...the age of the ocean crust. a.
Relationship...results in density increase. b. Until approximately...reached the surface ocean.
Normal weathering...the passage of deep waters). It turns out...Earth's surf
http://ocw.mit.edu/courses/earth-atmospheric-and-planetary-sciences/12-740-paleoceanography-s
pring-2008/lecture-notes/lec14.pdf
65%

In a deep mine, temperatures increase at the rate of ______ . ... Which one of the following lists
most accurately describes oceanic crust? ...
http://www.uh.edu/~jbutler/physical/chap19mult.html
65%
962. Ocean Floor Water

Explain the ocean's layered temperature and salinity structures. ... ocean temperature is cooled
with evaporation while ocean salinity is increased. ... along almost the entire rim of the Pacific,
deep trenches are formed as crust is ...
http://www1.fccj.cc.fl.us/pacrews/oceans2.htm
65%

Furthermore, after increasing the temperature of the oceans, much of the ocean ... earth's surface
temperature, tilt and rotation, atmosphere, ocean, and crust ... His hand are the deep ...
http://www.icr.org/article/61/
65%
964. Potential Questions

... in the deep sea, and explain how natural radiocarbon can be used to determine deep ocean " ...
at the equator and at 30° N and discuss the reasons for any observed differences. ...
http://sci.odu.edu/oceanography/academics/grad/comps_questions_only.doc
65%
965. Science and Holy Quran

God supported His last Prophet Muhammad with many miracles and much evidence which proved
that he
http://guidetochoose.blogspot.com/2010/05/god-supported-his-last-prophet-muhammad.html
65%
966. WADATI zone doesn't mean the dive phenomenon of the plate
... to the deep place, temperature is recovered, and low temperature areas decrease. ...
phenomenon inside the crust.The frequency of the deep earthquake is small, and ...
http://www.ailab7.com/sinpatueigo.html
65%
967. Yellowstone
The divide is a topographic feature that separates Pacific Ocean and Atlantic Ocean water
drainages....
http://www.bn-b.info/2010/05/yellowstone.html
65%
968. [PDF]Standard 3 Objective 2: Describe the processes within Earth ...
D. Deep ocean studies showing no zones of movement on the ocean floor. 3) What data would a
scientist ... 8) Ocean vents are caused by small cracks in the oceanic crust. ... temperature water, it
cools, increases in density and sinks. ...
http://www.slc.k12.ut.us/staff/larmad/science/Link%20Files/Earth_Systems_Details/Stand3Obj2Tes
t.pdf
64%
969. A glimpse at the Earth's crust deep below the Atlantic (11/15/2009)
Once bitten, twice shy - a temperature switch ... called oceanic core complexes on the ocean floor
... tectonic forces that deform the Earth's crust was unclear." Using the deep ...
http://www.geologytimes.com/research/A_glimpse_at_the_Earths_crust_deep_below_the_Atlantic.
asp
64%
970. American Journal of Science

Sulfate is removed as anhydrite into ocean crust during high temperature hydro ... Neoproterozoic
oxidized the deep ocean, leading to the accumulation ...
http://dcess-odense.sdu.dk/publications/pdf/Canfield%20AJS%202004.pdf
64%
971. Bill McKibben - Eaarth

Making A Life On A Tough New Planet or Close but no cigar. (penultimate verse, a
http://whoami-whoareyou.blogspot.com/2010/05/bill-mckibben-eaarth.html
64%
972. Calspace - Glossary of Terms

... a colder zone, since heating within the Earth produces a temperature increase downward within
the sediment. ... of radiocarbon in the deep ocean defines the age of deep water ...
http://earthguide.ucsd.edu/virtualmuseum/Glossary_Climate/gloss_m-r.shtml
64%
973. CHAPTER 8
Nov 2007 - ...many areas the Earth’s crust is unstable, and undergoes...salinity lower than the
open ocean, with restricted access to...coasts. Throughgoing strong ocean currents impinging from
the adjacent deep ocean dominate sediment movement...
http://ocw.mit.edu/courses/earth-atmospheric-and-planetary-sciences/12-090-special-topics-in-eart
h-atmospheric-and-planetary-sciences-the-environment-of-the-earth-s-surface-spring-2007/lecture-
notes/earthsurface_8.pdf
64%
974. Cold Seeps

Compare and contrast photosynthesis and chemosynthesis. • Describe the ... between clams and
bacteria. • Identify three ways bacteria increase productivity in the ...
http://www.marine.usf.edu/pjocean/packets/sp02/sp02u2p4.pdf
64%
975. Earth Facts 90

But El Azizia in Libya recorded a temperature of 136 degrees Fahrenheit (57....
http://factsandmorefacts-balayogi.blogspot.com/2010/03/earth-facts-90.html
64%
976. Earthquakes, Supervolcanos - Shake, Rattle, and Roll!

Earthquakes are also caused by similar events in the earth’s mantel and deep crust that cause
volcanos....
http://cynics4bettertomorrow.org/wordpress/?p=52
64%
977. Freeman-Lynde GLY409/609 Ocean Sediments

3. Wind - definitely aeolian principally off deserts (see deep sea clay below) ... ocean. i. solubility
increases with increasing pressure, decreasing temperature, ...
http://rfreeman.myweb.uga.edu/'GLY409_13_Deep_sea_seds.html
64%
978. Intro TOC, etc. FINAL 7/12

and biological properties, such as temperature, chemical composition, and the types of ...
continental. and oceanic) and uppermost mantle, and is located above the asthenosphere. ...
http://www.scseagrant.org/pdf_files/sos_chap_1.pdf
64%
979. movie 2010

They are unexpectedly drawn into Narnia when a painting of a ship on the wall of Lucy's room
comes to life, and the three children fall into the ocean to be rescued b y the Dawn Treader....
http://soum-rout.blogspot.com/2010/04/movie-2010.html
64%
980. Oceanography Test

temperature and current speed. composition and temperature. salinity and temperature. Where ...
What two factors affect the density of ocean water and cause deep currents? ...
http://school.discoveryeducation.com/quizzes16/dfarnsworth/OceanographyTest.html
64%
981. ODP Legacy: Scientific Results: Leg Summaries

ODP Legacy describes the contributions in earth science and ocean drilling technology of the Ocean
Drilling Program (ODP) and Deep Sea Drilling Project (DSDP)
http://www.odplegacy.org/science_results/leg_summaries/Leg176/
64%
982. Permafrost Melt

This is not lineal, and the crust is pushed outward when increased heat and ... and there are more
places where magma can ooze out in the deep ocean rifts. ...
http://www.zetatalk.com/theword/tworx554.htm
64%
983. plate boundaries

Feb 9, 2009 ... Within the earth, the temperature increases regularly and predictably with depth ...
During convergence of two plates with oceanic crust, ... n the edge of the overriding plate it forms
a tre nch, a deep linear basin. ...
http://www.docstoc.com/docs/4102709/plate-boundaries
64%
984. Polar ocean strati?cation in a cold climate

the role of temperature in polar ocean density structure so as to ... the exchange between the
surface and deep ocean is reduced in the. Subarctic Paci?c ...
http://geoweb.princeton.edu/people/faculty/sigman/paperpdfs/Sigman04all.pdf
64%
985. Review for Science 10 Provincial Exam - Earth Forces
Tectonic plates may contain continent and ocean crust or only ocean crust. ... contains the
continent of North America and about half of the ocean crust under ...
http://www.bcscta.ca/resources/Geoscience%20Review.pdf
64%
986. SEACOOS Glossary of Acronyms and Marine Science

Pertaining to a dark colored volcanic rock characteristic of the ocean crust. ... increase in the
downward slope of the seafloor that continues to the deep ocean floor. ...
http://www.seacoos.org/glossary
64%
987. Seasonal Solar Thermal Storage

Those are the times when the daily temperatures inside the structure are at or above comfort
temperatures without turning on the heat, 24 hrs a day. Think SUMMER....
http://levisenergyservice.com/2010/04/15/seasonal-solar-thermal-storage
64%
988. Spring Ahead

The daffodils in the front garden have emerged, and the world is starting to look greener as the
temperatures climb closer to 60....
http://donnakusman.blogstream.com
64%
989. Summary: The Internet of Things (McKinsey Quarterly)

In this way, these managers are increasing their ability to make constant routing adjustments that
reduce congestion costs and increase a network’s effective capacity....
http://ngkung-netmedia.blogspot.com/2010/03/summary-internet-of-things-mckinsey.html
64%
990. Volcano Experiments for Lesson Plans & Science Fair Projects
New oceanic crust is being formed by hot molten rock slowly cooling and solidifying. ... under the
continental plate forming a deep ocean trench just offshore. Water released from the subducting
plate lowers the melting temperature of the .... For example,
http://www.juliantrubin.com/encyclopedia/earthsciences/volcano.html
64%
991. Water-Rock-Microbe Interactions :: UiB

Fluids that circulate through the earth's crust and mix with the ocean waters ... processes within
the deep biosphere influence alteration of the ocean crust will ... An overall goal of this subprogram
is to significantly increase our ... that continuously
http://www.uib.no/geobio/en/research/research-at-cgb/water-rock-microbe-interactions
64%
992. [PDF]hole 504B Fracture evolution in the upper ocean crust: ...
Jul 20, 2010 ... increase in the porosity of all three lithological units shown with time. ... In the top
1.5 km of ocean crust temperature ranges may not have affected ... Reports of the Deep Sea
Drilling Project, 83, US ...
http://sp.lyellcollection.org/cgi/reprint/54/1/41.pdf
63%
993. [PDF]Hydrothermal mounds and young ocean crust of the Galapagos ...
lutions is deeper in the crust. INTRODUCTION AND. BACKGROUND ... that the sediment cover
increases rapidly and regularly away from the spreading axis. ...... Two of the three temperature
profiles (Holes 508 and 508E) were ...
http://bulletin.geoscienceworld.org/cgi/reprint/92/7/457.pdf
63%
994. Composition Of The Crust

Below the crust is the mantle, a dense, hot layer of semi-solid rock ... and denser than the crust
because temperature and pressure inside the earth increase with ...
http://www.angelfire.com/moon/geo/crust.html
63%
995. Europa: Tidal heating of upwelling thermal plumes and the ...
with an ocean below due to tidal cracking and disruption, and small. variations in the ... melting
temperature depends on pressure and therefore on the crust ...
http://planetary.brown.edu/planetary/documents/2685.pdf
63%
996. FINAL EXAM REVIEW

An increase of one integer unit represents a 10 fold increase in ground motion. ... for the
observation that no ocean crust is more than 400 million ...
http://www.trinity.edu/gkroeger/GEOS1307/final_exam_review.htm
63%
997. Finally, a word from the other side

Going from the red line to the dashed orange line, though the amount of absorbing gas increases
by a factor of 10,000, the total absorption increases only by about a factor of three....
http://polymath07.blogspot.com/2010/03/finally-word-from-other-side.html
63%
998. Fluids in the Solid Earth

M. Santosh,Dec 2008 - ...the continental crust on the surface...If high temperature, adiabatic
upwelling...infiltrate the crust. However, mantle...the apparent increase in pressure through...water
into the deep earth. Since...transports high temperature an
http://www.scitopics.com/Fluids_in_the_Solid_Earth.html
63%

http://sparkplugwires.org/spark-plug-wires/general-knowledge-pt-ii
63%
1000. GEOL 3070 / ATOC 3070: Introduction to Oceanography Syllabus ...

4. Heat and temperature: Distinguish between temperature and heat. ... 11. Deep vs. shallow
water waves: Distinguish between deep water and shallow ...
http://instaar.colorado.edu/~marchitt/3070.2010.syllabus.pdf
63%
1001. Geology: How Different Magmas Form - CliffsNotes

Both extrusive and intrusive igneous rocks are derived from magmas. The temperature and
pressure conditions in the crust and upper mantle influence the melting
http://www.cliffsnotes.com/study_guide/How-Different-Magmas-Form.topicArticleId-9605,articleId-
9474.html
63%
1002. Hydrothermal Chemistry/

Nov 2007 - ...Elements in the Ocean • 1994 Mottl...through mid-ocean ridge-flanks...deformations
of the deep continental root...assumption that the ocean operates at a...ridge • Low-temperature
(3-13 °C...and that entire crust be penetrated...Overtime
http://ocw.mit.edu/courses/earth-atmospheric-and-planetary-sciences/12-759-marine-chemistry-se
minar-spring-2006/projects/Anon_a.pdf
63%
1003. Magnetic crust of Mars

shown that the initial upper mantle temperature, the mantle viscosity, and the total ... temperature
of possible magnetic. minerals of the Martian crust after ...
http://lep694.gsfc.nasa.gov/gunther/gunther/jafarJGR2005.pdf
63%
1004. Marine Chemistry 12.742

Mar 2007 - ...involve the entire ocean, which has a 1...more carbon in the ocean than in the
atmosphere...we can divide the ocean into two boxes...C with the bigger deep water box,
establishes...atmosphere. For a given temperature and salinity, pCO2...and
http://ocw.mit.edu/courses/earth-atmospheric-and-planetary-sciences/12-742-marine-chemistry-fall
-2006/lecture-notes/lec_21_cos.pdf
63%
1005. Microbiology: Extremophiles

in very dry places - Dry and hot, dry and cold. in hot volcanic vents of the deep ocean -
thermophiles ... If we increase the pressure, the boiling point temperature increases. ...
http://www.theguardians.com/Microbiology/gm_mbm04.htm
63%

Nov 2009 - ...that new oceanic crust and lithosphere...created at mid-ocean ridges and
that...measure average temperature through the effects...and a little crust on top)
contracts...pressure mantle from deep in the mantle...expands and its temperature and
http://ocw.mit.edu/courses/earth-atmospheric-and-planetary-sciences/12-002-physics-and-chemistr
y-of-the-terrestrial-planets-fall-2008/lecture-notes/MIT12_002f08_lec16.pdf
63%
1007. Oceanography, Physical - sea, depth, oceans, temperature ...

Although oceanography is the scientific study of the ocean, ... of seafloor structure and seismic
studies of movements in oceanic crust to satellite ... of the planet's surface is covered by ocean
water; increased oceanographic knowledge will ... Measureme
http://www.waterencyclopedia.com/Oc-Po/Oceanography-Physical.html
63%
1008. Pacific Northwest Glossary

The deep ocean basins are underlain by oceanic crust. oceanography - the study of the ocean,
including the ... With increasing pressure, the temperature of melting is lowered. ...
http://www.pacifier.com/~helenp/PNWglossary.html
63%
1009. Sounding Out the Ocean's Secrets - Text View

Building on fishermen's and other seafarers' knowledge of the way ... ocean and studied how the
speed of sound varied with the temperature and pressure of the ...
http://www.beyonddiscovery.org/content/view.txt.asp?a=219
63%
1010. The Internet Of Things

In this way, these managers are increasing their ability to make constant routing adjustments that
reduce congestion costs and increase a network’s effective capacity....
http://www.eklectica.in/2010/03/internet-of-things.html
63%
1011. The Quantum Event of Oceanic Crustal Accretion: Impacts of ...

Water efflux temperatures increased from 390°, 396°, to 403°C; H2S increased from 34, ......
Seismotectonics of Mid-Ocean Ridge Propagation in Hess Deep. ...
http://www.scienceonline.org/cgi/content/full/281/5374/222
63%
1012. Transcript from Epic of Evolution: Life, the Earth and the ...
we push it down into the Earth, we increase the temperature and the pressure, and we go from ...
crust is built like a nice layer cake and anywhere in the ocean you go you see ...
http://epsc.wustl.edu/classwork/classwork_210a/pdfs/mew9.pdf
63%
1013. Wapedia - Wiki: Mantle (geology)

Jun 16, 2009 ... Although the higher temperatures far exceed the melting points of the mantle
rocks ... There exists increasing pressure as one travels deeper into the mantle , ... Oceanic crust is
http://wapedia.mobi/en/Mantle_(geology)
63%
1014. Wind Energy Weekly

Renewable Energy DevicesSunsei CC-10000 10-Amp Solar Panel Charge Controller For SE-4000,
SE-6
http://www.renewableenergy247.com/wind-energy-weekly
63%
1015. . : Environmental News :: Faculty of Environment and Resource ...

... deep ocean during the ice ages, and that pulses or burps of CO2 from the deep Southern ...
temperature increase that would make the ice sheets melt leading to rising oceans and ...
http://www.en.mahidol.ac.th/eng/envi_news/envi_news_full_e.php?id=1124
62%
1016. [PDF]By Roger L. Larson

dence of the world's oldest deep-sea sediments and volcanic rocks still in place from eons ago. ...
cided to examine the rate of formation of oceanic crust —main- ..... Earth's surface temperature
also increased as a result of the ...
http://www.sciamdigital.com/index.cfm?fa=ExtServices.GspDownloadIssueView&ARTICLEID_CHAR
=3078917B-2B35-221B-668A2E28B28FA44B
62%
1017. [PDF]THE OCEAN AND CRUST OF A RAPIDLY ACCRETING NEUTRON STAR ...
limit), we –nd the minimum temperature in the deep crust ...... lines) and an iron ocean (dotted
lines). In order of increasing —ux at the top ...
http://iopscience.iop.org/0004-637X/496/2/915/pdf/0004-637X_496_2_915.pdf
62%
1018. Chapter 2:What Do Earthquakes Tell Us About the Earth?

The crust may be less than a kilometer thick in some areas of the oceans and ... the formation and
spreading of oceanic plates along the Mid-Ocean Ridge, and ...
http://www.geo.wvu.edu/~wilson/Geol1/interior.htm
62%
1019. Chapter 5
Jul 2005 - ...measured by measuring the temperature gradient everywhere...heat lost through the
ocean basins in enormous...radioactive decay) in the ocean basins was much lower...released by a
change in temperature of 1? at constant pressure...volume of
http://ocw.mit.edu/courses/earth-atmospheric-and-planetary-sciences/12-201-essentials-of-geophy
sics-fall-2004/lecture-notes/ch5.pdf
62%
1020. CHAPTER 5
Nov 2007 - ...this excess water flows to the ocean. Over the continental United...transport this
material to the ocean, glaciers and the wind, are...less than a few centimeters deep but very
widespread. There...The slope tween the two deep + slow ? shallow
http://ocw.mit.edu/courses/earth-atmospheric-and-planetary-sciences/12-090-special-topics-in-eart
h-atmospheric-and-planetary-sciences-the-environment-of-the-earth-s-surface-spring-2007/lecture-
notes/earthsurface_5.pdf
62%
1021. CHOSEN: End Times Newsletter - Issue 128

Issue 128 COVER The Ministers Corner
http://endtimesnews.vox.com/library/post/chosen-end-times-newsletter---issue-128.html
62%
1022. CHOSEN: End Times Newsletter - Issue 130

Issue 130 COVER
http://endtimesnews.vox.com/library/post/chosen-end-times-newsletter---issue-130.html
62%
1023. Discoveries from Deep Ocean Drilling

Of equal significance is the systematic increase in the age of the oldest .... Age of oceanic crust in
the Pacific Ocean based on Magnetic anomalies, ... older than 3.5 million years are characterized by
a warm-temperature fauna, ...
http://search.datapages.com/data/doi/10.1306/A1ADD86C-0DFE-11D7-8641000102C1865D
62%
1024. GEOL205: Evolution of Magma Chambers in Hawaiian Volcanoes

The volume increase forces the melt through plastic cracks while the density ... bits of lava glass on
the deep ocean floor around Kilauea that erupted from ...
http://www.uhh.hawaii.edu/~kenhon/GEOL205/Ascent/default.htm
62%
1025. GeoMan's Oceanography page

Related to amount of water and its temperature. Some other process extracts the ... crust below
sea level. Abyssal Plain - Deep ocean basins underlain by oceanic crust ... Increased depths below
the main level of the abyssal plains ...
http://jersey.uoregon.edu/~mstrick/hydrosphere/Lectures_hydro/Oceanography.html
62%
1026. In?uence of CO
global mean surface air temperature will increase by 2.1 C to ... absence of deep-water. formation
in the North Atlantic, much like today's Paci?c Ocean. ...
http://mgg.coas.oregonstate.edu/~andreas/pdf/S/stocker97nat.pdf
62%
1027. Lani Aina Kai - GG 103 Formation of Hawaiian Islands

The core/mantle boundary is approximately 2900 km deep. ... Oceanic crust is relatively thin, and
continental crust is relatively thick. ... Geothermal gradient - the increase in temperature with
increasing depth. ...
http://www.laniainakai.com/gg103/files/gg103_notes/hawaii.html
62%
1028. laxbrain: ess1.5processesandratesofchangeoftheeart

The ocean floor is changed greatly by movement in Earth's mantle. The crust is thinnest ... and so
fluctuations between plates causes rifts and deep trenches to ...
http://sites.google.com/site/laxbrain/ess1.5processesandratesofchangeoftheeart
62%

Jun 2009 - ...earth surface temperature But: the atmosphere...7x1018 moles Crust Corg 1100
x...CaCO3 & SiO2 in ocean Kump et al...Precipitation in Ocean CaSiO3 + CO2...transported to
ocean by rivers •CaCO3...precipitation in shallow & deep water •Cycle
http://ocw.mit.edu/courses/earth-atmospheric-and-planetary-sciences/12-842-past-and-present-cli
mate-fall-2008/lecture-notes/part1_lec4.pdf
62%
1030. Observations concerning the vigor of hydrothermal circulation ...

Values of upper crustal permeability used in the simulations ranged from ... upper basement
temperature variability, and fluid-pressure variability to be ... For example, the amplitude of heat
flow variations is predicted to increase rapidly ... of magnitu
http://cat.inist.fr/?aModele=afficheN&cpsidt=2986632
62%
1031. Ocean And Oceanography - LoveToKnow 1911

... in the methods of observing in the deep sea, and also in the representation and ... and is there
demarcated by an abrupt increase in the steepness of the slope to ocean ...
http://www.1911encyclopedia.org/Ocean_And_Oceanography
62%
1032. Report on ocean Park

Final Recommendations of the Inter Agency Ocean Policy Task Force July 19 2010 0 reads.
Increase Temperature Deep Ocean Crust ...
http://www.scribd.com/doc/31678000/Report-on-ocean-Park
62%
1033. [RTF]Geology 101

Temperature increases as you go deeper in earth. Rocks in the lower crust and upper mantle are
near their melting points ..... Deep ocean sediments: fine grained, low energy; Very slow
accumulation rates; Calcareous or siliceous ...
http://www.miracosta.edu/home/jturbeville/Geology%20section%202%20edit%20spring%202007.
rtf
61%
1034. Climate Threat to the Planet: *

Monthly global temperature for ocean areas only. Source: NOAA satellite analyses ... the
temperature not only from the ice cores, but from ocean cores all ...
http://download220.mediafire.com/kdr1fb9j0sdg/trm9gnmznde/AGU2008.Bjerknes_Lecture.pdf
61%
1035. Do the trace element compositions of detrital zircons require ...

Keywords: Hadean, mid-ocean ridge, zircon, continental crust. ... increase the calculated
crystallization temperature of the Ha- dean zircons more than the mid-ocean ridge ...
http://www.colorado.edu/geolsci/courses/GEOL5700-PCE/Cooganpaper.pdf
61%
1036. Dr. Zaghloul El-Naggar

The thickest continental crust, about 70 km, is reported to lie beneath the Alps. ... pressure,
although the influence of increasing temperature cannot be excluded. ...
http://www.elnaggarzr.com/en/main.php?id=52
61%
1037. Introduction to Geology

Any rock can later be moved to a different location in the crust where the temperature ... Forms
the relatively low-elevation crust beneath the ocean basins ...
http://jersey.uoregon.edu/~mstrick/geology/Geo_Lectures/Geology_Intro.html
61%
1038. Mesozoic - Paleontology Wiki

The Mesozoic Era is one of three geologic eras of the Phanerozoic eon. ... C in the deep ocean,
may have been too warm for sea life and land areas near the ...
http://paleontology.wikia.com/wiki/Mesozoic
61%
1039. Primitive CaO-rich, silica-undersaturated melts in island arcs: Evidence for the
involvement of clinopyroxene-rich lithologies .
Schiano, P. / Eiler, J. M. / Hutcheon, I. D. / Stolper, E. M.,article,May 2000 - ...inclusions
(mid-ocean ridges) > 13...changes of pressure, temperature, and source composition...increasing
solidus temperature [e.g., Longhi...of lherzolites increase with
http://authors.library.caltech.edu/1120/
61%
1040. Scope 35 - Scales and Global Change, Chapter 15, The Ocean System-Ocean / Climate
and Ocean / CO2 Interactions
HANS OESCHGER,Jul 2003 - ...increases in the temperature of Equatorial...glaciation the ocean
showed a different...induced by the increase of 'greenhouse...averaged over the ocean surface.
As...alkalinity, and temperature. S CO 2 and...in the surface ocean
http://www.icsu-scope.org/downloadpubs/scope35/chapter15.html
61%
1041. Study Guide 2

the difference between ocean crust and continental crust. San Andreas Fault and what ... How %
saturation and relative humidity change with temperature ...
http://faculty.sdmiramar.edu/gbochicchio/sgs082.doc
61%
1042. Target Atmospheric CO

Deep ocean temperature is a function of high latitude ocean surface temperature, ... Cretaceous
ocean crust at DSDP Sites 417 and 418: Carbon. uptake from ...
http://www.biologicaldiversity.org/programs/climate_law_institute/legislating_for_a_new_climate/p
dfs/co2_where_should_humanity_aim.pdf
61%
1043. THE DEEP INDIAN OCEAN FLOOR

temperature (2ºC), and high salinity (35.85), similar to ... Both bottom and deep waters of the
Indian Ocean. are derived from the Atlantic, and spread ...
http://iod.ucsd.edu/~amanda/Files/Demopoulos-Ecosystems%20of%20the%20World.pdf
61%
1044. The Long-Term Carbon Cycle

3) limestones deposited on the deep ocean floor may get subducted and then ... Pelagic limestones
deposited on oceanic crust do not stick around for too long ...
http://eo.ucar.edu/staff/dward/carbon/older%20carbon%20model%20stuff/long%20term%20carb
on.pdf
61%
1045. Wikipedia:Thermohaline circulation - Global Warming Art

In the deep ocean, the predominant driving force is differences in density, ... Increasing salinity
depresses the freezing temperature of seawater, so cold ...
http://www.globalwarmingart.com/wiki/Wikipedia:Thermohaline_circulation
61%
1046. Chapter 1
Jul 2005 - ...to exceed the melting temperature. These time scales...of heat. Radiative temperature
loss goes as T 4 and...from the surface, then temperature increases of order 2000...heating of the
Earth’s deep interior, which occurred...compression due
http://ocw.mit.edu/courses/earth-atmospheric-and-planetary-sciences/12-201-essentials-of-geophy
sics-fall-2004/lecture-notes/ch1.pdf
60%
1047. Chapter Y: (0th Level Chapter Heading)

Southern Ocean mode waters and Upper Circumpolar Deep Waters waters are warming. ... 300 m,
equivalent to an average temperature increase of 0.037°C per decade. ...
http://www.junkscience.com/draft_AR4/Ch05_SOD_Text_TSU_FINAL.pdf
60%
1048. deep-sea: Definition from Answers.com

Below the thermocline, the water mass of the deep ocean is cold ... Pressure increases at
approximately one atmosphere for every ...
http://www.answers.com/topic/deep-sea
60%
1049. Early evolution of Mars with mantle compositional ...

temperature of the lower crust resulting in more rapid relaxation of crustal thickness ... Increasing
temperature with depth and a strongly. temperature ...
http://www-geodyn.mit.edu/parmentier.hydro.jgr07.pdf
60%
1050. EARTH Sciences - by Gary Novak
Ice age cycles explain climate changes when viewed from a model of oceans heating due to ...
temperature 2,000 meters deep. Is it a sign of a fundamental change in deep-ocean ...
http://www.world-mysteries.com/gnovak.htm
60%
1051. Earth structure - The crust, The mantle and deep interior ...
The crust, The mantle and deep interior, The core, The Earth, crust, mantle, ... differs in origin,
structure, and composition from the crust beneath the oceans. ...
http://science.jrank.org/pages/47534/Earth-structure.html
60%
1052. Gravity Control Idealism: The Expanding Planet

Therefore gravity does not increase to the core, but increases isometrically ... also affects an
increase in the temperature of the crust, with the greatest ...
http://gravityc-idealism.blogspot.com/2006/08/expanding-planet.html
60%
1053. Hadal trenches: the ecology of the deepest places on Earth

increases and its temperature rises without the gain or loss of any heat. ... In Deep Ocean
Circulation: Physical and. Chemical Aspects (Teramoto, T. ...
http://cmbc.ucsd.edu/Students/Current_Students/SIO277/jamieson.Trenches.pdf
60%
[ The Fountains of the Great Deep > The Origin of Ocean Trenches and the Ring of ... somehow
pushing ocean crust away from the ridge, ocean crust would be ...
http://www.creationscience.com/onlinebook/Trenches5.html
60%
5th International Symposium on Deep Seismic Reflection Probing of the Continents and ... where
composition and temperature render the crust viscously weak. ...
http://www.earthscrust.org/earthscrust/reports/banff.html
60%
1056. Metamorphic rocks

... the active ridge, and on thinned continental crust, the geothermal gradient is higher. ... causes
an increase in the depth of burial (& hence pressure and temperature) of many ...
http://www.staff.livjm.ac.uk/biegsher/earth/meta.htm
60%
1057. Molten rock

Key component of earth's crust formed from moving, molten rock ... In the continental crust,
temperature was usually believed to increase almost linearly with depth - that is, ...
http://www.theallineed.com/ecology/08032403.htm
60%
1058. Ocean News Feed [Archive] - Page 3 - Oceanographers Net

[Archive] Page 3 News fed from oceanographic websites
http://www.oceanographers.net/forums/archive/index.php/f-43-p-3.html
60%
1059. Oceans — The World Almanac for Kids
Ocean Basin Structure · Composition of Sediment · Dating Techniques ... dredging and by deep-sea
exploration projects such as the Ocean Drilling Program, which ...
http://www.worldalmanacforkids.com/WAKI-ViewArticle.aspx?pin=xoc004500a
60%
1060. Petrologic characterization of Guatemalan lawsonite eclogite ...

Questions about this process include: how does downgoing oceanic crust transform ..... This
implies a progressive increase in temperature during the growth of ..... mantle phase
transformations and deep earthquakes in subducting oceanic ...
http://specialpapers.gsapubs.org/content/403/147.full
60%
1061. Principles of Igneous and Metamorphic Petrology - Cambridge ...

With recent investigations of the ocean floors, the inventory of rock ... and processes within the
Earth's crust, mantle, and even the core (see ...
http://www.cambridge.org/catalogue/catalogue.asp?isbn=9780521880060&ss=exc
60%
1062. Use of ocean resourses definition of Use of ocean resourses in ...

It is now also generally accepted that a new ocean crust has been forming more ... is marked by
an abrupt increase in slope to an average of about 4°. .... ridge in the deep ocean floor that spews
out water heated to high temperatures ...
http://encyclopedia2.thefreedictionary.com/Use+of+ocean+resourses
60%
1063. volcanoes and global change

The oceanic crust (sima), the floor of the deep oceans, is about 7 km thick, and ... to the ocean
floor. The ocean floor gradually extends, increasing the size of the plates. ...
http://plaza.ufl.edu/sykid/
60%
1064. [ More results from www.columbia.edu

There are thousands of kilometers of volcanic arcs behind deep ocean trenches along the
“convergent margins” where oceanic crust is subducted. ... slab are expelled and cause increased
mantle melting and magma production. ... Molten sulfur can exist ov
http://oceanservice.noaa.gov/education/yos/multimedia/oceanexplorer.noaa.gov/oceanexplorer.no
aa.gov/explorations/06fire/background/chemistry/chemistry.html
59%
1065. [PDF]Criteria for Recognition of Hydrothermal Mineral Deposits in ...

The metallic mineral potential of oceanic crust other than in manganese nodules is poorly ..... tal
layer 2 and the upper portion of layer 3, as deep as ...... temperature increase and inversion of
thermal gradient in profiles 7 to 11. ...
http://econgeol.geoscienceworld.org/cgi/reprint/73/2/135.pdf
59%
1066. [PDF]PDF - The deep thermal characteristic of continental margin of ...

The amplitude of increase in mantle heat flow is bigger than that of ... The NCM with
continental-crust and the Central Basin with oceanic-crust respectively ... NCM, we computed the
distribution of deep temperature and heat flow of ...
http://scichina.com:8080/kxtbe/EN/article/downloadArticleFile.do?attachType=PDF&id=313448
59%
1067. Advective flow through the upper continental shelf driven by ...
deep in the ocean crust established by the Ocean. Drilling Program [9] ... the ocean was the same
as the temperature 1.6 m deep. in well 2. We can calculate the ...
http://www.geol.sc.edu/wilson/PDF%20files/Moore%20and%20Wilson%202005%20EPSL.pdf
59%
1068. Chapter 12
Nov 2007 - ...since the great increase in use of oil and natural...s continental crust. 2.1.4...after
drying at a temperature a little greater than...can see that the increase in rank is associated...closer
to the ocean on average, a...farther from the oce
http://ocw.mit.edu/courses/earth-atmospheric-and-planetary-sciences/12-110-sedimentary-geology
-spring-2007/lecture-notes/ch12.pdf
59%
1069. Chapter 8: Plate Tectonics

b. Observed that the ocean sediment thickness indicated that the ocean (260 Ma) was. much ...
transfer across the core mantle boundary, increase temperature causes ...
http://www.rci.rutgers.edu/~jdwright/Historical/Chap.05.pdf
59%
1070. MAR 2008 > Log > July 25, 2008

Deep-sea hydrothermal springs are the result of incredibly complex geological ... mid-ocean ridge
spreading centers, where new ocean crust is created. ...
http://www.deepseavoyage.research.pdx.edu/dailyupdates_072508.php
59%
1071. New Theory of the Earth - Cambridge University Press

... and buoyant outer layers are effective insulators and serve to keep the crust and ... refining
during accretion and crystallization of a deep magma ocean are possible ways of ...
http://www.cambridge.org/uk/catalogue/catalogue.asp?isbn=9780521849593&ss=exc
59%
1072. the GeoloGical history of Deep-sea VolcaNoes

interactions with the ocean, their hydrology, geochemical fluxes, ... exchange between seawater
and the volcanic oceanic crust, and seamounts likely ...
http://www.tos.org/oceanography/issues/issue_archive/issue_pdfs/23_1/23-1_staudigel2.pdf
59%
1073. [PDF]Detailed structure of an oceanic normal fault:

circulation of high-temperature ?uids. To the contrary, present ... In the ocean, deep crustal coring
provides a means to investigate such structures ... low values are due to either an increase in
fracture density or a ...
http://www.soest.hawaii.edu/wilkens/RHW%20Reprints/Pezard97337.pdf
58%
1074. Amphibole "sponge" in arc crust?

Pressure-temperature-time paths followed by arc magmas ascending ... impeding further ascent
and/or erup- tion and trapping magmas in the deep crust. ...
http://www.geo.mtu.edu/~raman/papers2/DavidsonGeol07.pdf
58%
1075. ccandmarinefisheriesreport.doc
An increase of a few degrees in atmospheric temperature will not only ... An increase in the
amount of groundwater entering the ocean would lead to a net ...
http://assets.panda.org/downloads/ccandmarinefisheriesreport.doc
58%
1076. Ocean levels rising twice as fast

Global ocean levels are rising twice as fast today as they were 150 years ago according to research
presented in Science by a team of researchers. ...
http://news.mongabay.com/2005/1125-climate.html
58%
1077. Plate Tectonics

I. The Rock Cycle and Distribution of Major Rock Types. Surface features and rock cycle on ...
mostly of granitic rocks and ocean basins mostly of basaltic rocks? ...
http://www.geology.wisc.edu/~chuck/Geo106/lect4.html
58%
1078. What is Geothermal Energy? -

The difference in temperature between deep hotter zones and shallow ... Earth's surface and a
specified depth in the crust, beneath a specified area and ...
http://www.iga.1it.pl/314,what_is_geothermal_energy.html
58%
1079. ????? ?????????? ? ???????? ???????

Welcome to King Saud University. The largest Higher Education Center in Saudi Arabia. KSU goes
back in ... every 1000 meter increase in altitude, the temperature goes down by ...
http://faculty.ksu.edu.sa/21841/Pages/exams.aspx
57%
1080. 1 1995-2000 Reading Full Test 1995-08 Questions 1-9 The ocean bottom...
Nov 2002 - ...Until about a century ago, the deep-ocean floor was completely inaccessible...than at
the Earth's surface, the deep-ocean bottom is a hostile environment...researchers have taken
samples of deep-ocean rocks and sediments for over a century...
http://www.math.hcmuns.edu.vn/~ntchuyen/TOEFL essay/TOEFL Test
1995-2003/Read_1995_2000.pdf
57%
1081. Calibration between eustatic estimates from backstripping and ...

Ocean deep-water temperature changes were smaller than tropical ... Second, it records both
temperature (0.22‰ increase. for a 1 C decrease) and ice-volume changes and, in the ...
http://geology.rutgers.edu/kgmpdf/02-Pekar.Geology.pdf
57%
1082. Can Catastrophic Plate Tectonics Explain Flood Geology ...

How could a massive, global flood be triggered? Do plate tectonics provide a valid ... where
continental crust is present or boundaries between continent and ocean where both ...
http://www.answersingenesis.org/articles/nab/catastrophic-plate-tectonics
57%
1083. chapter5
a. boundary between the Earth's crust and mantle at 5 to 60 km (average 30) ... upper mantle is
the source for all of the basalt and gabbro of the ocean crust ...
http://facstaff.gpc.edu/~cgelbaum/chapter5.htm
57%
1084. Deep Earth DIALOG #8

Sep 2001 - ...meetings IASPEI symposium on deep Earth discontinuities: configuration...structure
and dynamics of the deep Earth from superconducting gravimetry...wavelength geoid in
constraining deep-mantle viscosity was raised...indicated that ongoing ice
http://hope.simons-rock.edu/~bergman/sedi/dialog/dial8.htm
57%
1085. Geol 101: Lecture 8: Igneous Rocks I

The rate that temperature increases with increasing depth inside the Earth is called the: ... From
how deep does most magma originate? Most magma first accumulates ...
http://www.webpages.uidaho.edu/~simkat/geol101_files/igneousI.html
57%
On the preflood crust were deep and shallow seas, and mountains, ... increase with depth inside
the earth. Subterranean water about 10 miles deep would ...
http://www.creationscience.com/onlinebook/HydroplateOverview6.html
57%
[ See "Deep Impact Mission" and "Stardust Mission" on page 272 and Item 7 on page ... Therefore,
our oceans contain considerable heavy hydrogen, and comets have twice ...
http://www.creationscience.com/onlinebook/TechnicalNotes18.html
57%
1088. Long-term Observation and Research Plan

... themes (thermal circulation, material cycle, marine ecosystems and ocean crust ... sea surface to
the ocean deep, and between the ocean (which has a heat capacity ...
http://www.jamstec.go.jp/jamstec-j/PR/9807/MIRAI/Plan-e.html
57%
1089. Microsoft Word - OCEANCRU.DOC

Nov 1998 - ...to form the ocean crust, leaving a...lithosphere. The ocean lithosphere...silicate
minerals increase with increasing...surface. As hot deep mantle rises...the solidus temperature of
mantle falls...chamber in the ocean crust and begin crystall
http://www.le.ac.uk/geology/art/pdfdocs/oceancru.pdf
57%
1090. Multiple Platform Exploration Conference on of the Ocean

increase in deep-ocean, high-latitude, and continental temperatures. ... Ear th is found buried deep
in the crust and sediment column of the ocean. ...
http://www.odplegacy.org/PDF/Admin/Long_Range/COMPLEX.pdf
57%
1091. Ocean News [Archive] - Oceanographers Net

[Archive] Interesting News in Oceanography and related sciences
http://www.oceanographers.net/forums/archive/index.php/f-6.html
57%
1092. OCEANOGRAPHY 510 Handout Notes #1 The Surface Circulation ...

crust is rich in silica and aluminum, rivers are rich in carbonates, and the oceans are ... and its
contents from the ocean surface to a depth of 4000 m, and then measure the ...
http://flux.ocean.washington.edu/Autumn2009/notes.number1.o510.2001.pdf
57%
1093. Petroleum from the Ocean - building, sea, depth, temperature ...
... Mineral Resources from the Ocean, Mineral Waters and Spas, Minorities in Water Sciences,
Mississippi River Basin, Modeling Groundwater Flow and Transport, Modeling ...
http://www.waterencyclopedia.com/Oc-Po/Petroleum-from-the-Ocean.html
57%
1094. "Killer" Impacts and Life's Origins - Tiedemann 277 (5332 ...
As the extraction efficiency rises with increasing temperature (5), the higher temperatures should
compensate ... rate of polyphosphate before it could reach the deep ocean. ...
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/full/277/5332/1687
56%
1095. gc000713 1..9

Jan 2006 - ...also in the deep ocean through ocean crust carbonatization...continental crust
volume reconstruction...where the crust reached $70...DIC from the ocean-atmosphere...regional
lower temperature carbonatization...affinity to a deep- seated man
http://www.geol.ku.dk/pershps/christianbjerrum/bjerrumCanfield_GC2004.pdf
56%
1096. Homogeneity of the Earth's Mantle

Increasing temperature levels with depth have an average gradient of about 25 ... The mantle is
too deep to be reached by current drilling techniques, and the ...
http://www.geokem.com/homogen.html
56%
1097. IASPEI Brochure

Mar 2009 - ...Ocean Network The International Ocean Network (ION), which also has...permanent
seismic observatories in the deep ocean. The primary purpose is to compensate...digital recording
systems make such a deep ocean network possible. ION is facilita
http://www.iaspei.org/brochure/brochure.html
56%
1098. INTRODUCTION
water, life, atmosphere (weather), earth (crust under ocean), coasts, etc. ... temperature between.
warm surface layer and cold deep layer - up to ½ mls (1 km) deep ...
http://www.elcamino.edu/faculty/jholliday/Course_Materials_files/OCEANOGRAPHY_NOTES__Total
_Spr06.pdf
56%
1099. Metagenomes from high-temperature chemotrophic systems reveal geochemical

controls on microbial community structure and ...
May 2010 - ...accompanied with an increase in archaeal diversity...geochemical; high-temperature;
community structure...in adaptation to low temperature explain the observed...strains with different
temperature adaptations. PLoS ONE...The Sorcerer II Globa
http://lib.bioinfo.pl/pmid:20333304
56%
1100. NASA: Aquarius Mission Web Site - Student Outcomes

Plate tectonics and ocean basin formation, deep-water formation and thermohaline circulation, and
carbon ... and is also stored in the ocean, the atmosphere, and the crust of ...
http://www.cosee.net/aquarius/process_ages.php?age=9-12
56%
1101. ocean: Facts, Discussion Forum, and Encyclopedia Article

May 2010 - ...names. Geologically, an ocean is an area of oceanic crust Oceanic crust Oceanic
crust...lithosphere that surfaces in the ocean basins. Oceanic crust is primarily composed of...deep.
The vast expanses of deep ocean (anything below cover about.
http://www.absoluteastronomy.com/topics/ocean
56%
1102. PROGRAMME AND ABSTRACTS

require an increase of about 0.13 pH unit in tropical and subtropical surface waters. ... in ocean
temperature and continental biomass, the. increased salinity of the ocean, and ...
http://www.ocean-acidification.net/Symposium2004/Symp2004Docs/AbstractBook.pdf
56%
1103. Temperature control of continental lithosphere elastic thickness, Te vs Vs

Jan 2009 - Temperature control of...Earth and Ocean Sciences...lithosphere rheology temperature
The elastic...weak lower crust over a stronger...examined the increase in Te with tectonic...main
other temperature constraints for the deep crust and upper...
http://www.phys.ualberta.ca/~ccurrie/papers/HyndmanEtAl_EPSL_2009.pdf
56%
1104. BRIDGE: full text only version

... understand the strange deep-sea environments and how the ocean floor itself came ... lava, and
from melt intruded deep below the ocean floor, comes new ocean crust. ...
http://www.soton.ac.uk/~jtc/fierydeep.html
55%
1105. Earth
As you go deeper into the Earth, both temperature and density increase. ... rocky crust. This is the
surface of Earth. It is a few miles deep but ...
http://library.thinkquest.org/26490/Earth.html
55%
1106. Environment- Ocean

... higher on the magma beneath the Earth's crust, and the ocean floors are lower. The Earth's
water long ago ... the cold deep waters, in tropical, subtropical and temperate zones. ...
http://www.lifesciences.napier.ac.uk/teaching/Env/Env7oc06.htm
55%
1107. Exploration of the Oceans

First comprehensive map of ocean bathymetry by Heezan and Tharp in ... deep currents driven by
sinking and advection of deepwater according to its temperature ...
http://marine.rutgers.edu/courses/expl_oceans/209.Final.Rev.Sheet.doc
55%
1108. Exploring the Fluid Frontier

temperature, salinity and pressure. increase. Hydroacoustics is the ... deep-ocean floor - the
general region beginning at the. bottom edge of the continental ...
http://oceanlink.island.net/ONews/OceanNewsReader/TG1a.pdf
55%
1109. Hydrogeologic Controls on Episodic H2 Release from Precambrian Fractured

Rocks-Energy for Deep Subsurface Life on Earth and ...
Sep 2008 - ...Energy for Deep Subsurface Life...indicate that deep Precambrian Shield...Continental
crust—Fractures—Chemoautotrophic...their role in the deep terrestrial bios...teration of basaltic
ocean floor have...the following temperature program:
http://deepbio.princeton.edu/samp/papers/Sherwood-Lollaretal07-fracturerelease AstrobioJour.pdf
55%
1110. New Insights into Andesite Genesis: the Role of Mantle-derived Calc-alkalic and
Crust-derived Tholeiitic Melts in Magma ...
Jan 2010 - ...Second, the continental crust, the most differentiated...origin of continental crust and
differentiation processes...crustal reservoirs or in the deep crust close to the Moho
(Sisson...constant SiO 2 content increase with distance from the...
http://intl-petrology.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/content/full/egn055v1
55%
1111. Oceans and Climate Change

Deep ocean currents also flow across the globe [6] (Why Gaia needs ... currents or both bring the
cold deep nutrient-rich ocean water to the surface. ...
http://www.i-sis.org.uk/OceansGlobalWarming.php
55%
1112. Proceedings of the International Workshop on Clean Ocean Energy...

Mar 2010 - ...on Clean Ocean Energy...currents, and temperature differentials...between cold deep
water and...strategy to increase the efficiency...group on Ocean Thermal...efforts to increase
energy use...potential for ocean energy due...exploit the tempe
http://www.edf.org/documents/10797_ocean-energy-workshop-proceedings.pdf
55%
1113. Reware Community :: Renewable Energy Education - Information ...

Reware develops next generation solar powered products and portable renewable energy solutions.
Our products include solar powered bags (Juice Bags), flexible solar ...
http://rewarestore.com/reducation.html
55%
1114. Solar System Fluff

The initial blast would also produce shifting of the crust along fault lines. ... hitting any deep point
in the Pacific (the largest ocean) produces a megatsunami ...
http://www.astronomynotes.com/solfluf/s5.htm
55%
1115. UGA GEOL 3030

Trenches are sites of convergence of plates and destruction of old oceanic crust. ... at the bottom
and coming from the south, North Atlantic Deep Water above it and ...
http://www.gly.uga.edu/railsback/3030Exam1Ans.html
55%
1116. What if there were no earthquakes? <em>by: Mohi Kumar</em ...

Because wind circulation and ocean circulation are strongly coupled, ... ocean ridges, cools to form
the oceanic crust, and sinks under the more buoyant ...
http://www.yearofscience2009.org/themes_geosciences/2009/10/no-earthquakes.html
55%
1117. } UIBM PDF Plate Tectonics Lecture }

b) The oceanic sediments and crust that are carried down are heated and compressed and ...
volcanoes and shallow-deep focus earthquakes. b. Ocean-continent ...
http://core.ecu.edu/geology/woods/PT.htm
54%
1118. About Foraminifera

The ocean shifts the coarser material in turbidity currents and there are ... the ocean crust with
thickness increasing as we move away from mid ocean ridges ...
http://foraminifera.net/
54%
1119. Answer Key

As for age, the oceanic crust is generated at mid-ocean ridges and destroyed in trenches. ... The
deep water in the Pacific ocean basin comes from the saltier Atlantic. In the ...
http://daphne.palomar.edu/pdeen/Quiz%20Question%20of%20Week/answer_key%20S2009.htm
54%
1120. Cratons (Normal continental crust) Most land area has not ...
... pressure and temperature), or that these are more heavily faulted and deformed ... and
resulting immature sediments cause downwarping of adjacent crust and ...
http://www.iwu.edu/~gpouch/geo101/21Mountains.doc
54%
1121. Earth-Moon
The crust is the outermost 30km or so of rock. The continents and ocean are on the surface of the
crust. ... drives the Earth's temperature up, increasing the energy emitted per ...
http://www.astro.psu.edu/users/steinn/Astro1/lec10.html
54%
1122. Geothermal: Bibliographic Citation

Mar 2009 - ...ATLANTIC OCEAN TEMPERATURE MEASUREMENT...RIDGE OCEANIC CRUST
TEMPERATURE DISTRIBUTION TEMPERATURE GRADIENTS DIMENSIONS EARTH CRUST SEAS
SURFACE...vertical temperature profiles...temperature in deep waters was observed to increase
from 3...sur
http://www.osti.gov/geothermal/product.biblio.jsp?query_id=0&page=0&osti_id=5452537
54%
1123. Geotimes - October 2006 - Geocatastrophes

At the same time, however, deep-dwelling ocean fauna suffered a rapid extinction. ... Kennett and
Stott used the oxygen isotopes to find an increase in deep-ocean temperatures ...
http://www.geotimes.org/oct06/feature_Geocatastrophes.html
54%
1124. Glacial/interglacial variations in atmospheric carbon dioxide

in terrestrial carbon storage and in ocean temperature, simple ... the surface ocean. and
atmosphere, it must be driven by an increase in the deep-ocean. nutrient reservoir and ...
http://boyle.mit.edu/~ed/PDFs/Sigman(2000)Nature407_859.pdf
54%
1125. http://earthobservatory
... thus creating a skin-temperature increase since the type of "skin" ... seawater circulation
through the ocean crust." The figure also shows how ...
http://www.appinsys.com/GlobalWarming/RS_AntarcticPeninsula.htm
54%
1126. Key Areas of Research

The ocean is an integrating system whose chemistry reflects the ... increase in the hydrothermal
flux to the ocean associated with high temperature alteration of the crust at ...
http://www-personal.umich.edu/~kacey/keyres.html
54%
1127. marine ecosystems,marine life,marine environment

Sylvia Earle, Deep Sea Ocean Exploration and Research, United States. In the Philippines, ... the
depth of the ocean and discover the specific nature of the sea and the abyss. ...
http://www.unesco.org/courier/1998_08/uk/dossier/txt11.htm
54%
1128. N33750_BSI ocean final

May 2010 - ...correlate depth with temperature. Spilhaus thought...damentals about the ocean—the
effect of temperature and depth on marine...structure of ocean currents, especially...I E N C E S 3
Deep Water Thermocline...Sound (m/s) increase Sonar Wat
http://cioss.coas.oregonstate.edu/CIOSS/Documents/Outreach/Aug07/sounding_oceans_secrets.pd
f
54%
1129. ODP Legacy: Outreach: Press Releases

ODP Legacy describes the contributions in earth science and ocean drilling technology of the Ocean
Drilling Program (ODP) and Deep Sea Drilling Project (DSDP)
http://www.odplegacy.org/outreach/press_releases/leg159.html
54%
1130. Permanent carbon dioxide storage in deep-sea sediments Kurt Zenz...

Aug 2006 - ...injecting CO2 into deep-sea sediments...temperatures common in deep-sea
sediments...will slightly increase porosity, which...CO2 into the deep ocean (5, 6), and...the
continental crust, the tempera...the critical temperature of CO2. Under the
http://www.geos.ed.ac.uk/ccs/Publications/Technical/Storage_CO2_deep_sea_House_etal_Proc_na
t_Acad_Sci_06.pdf
54%

Aug 2009 - ...injecting CO2 into deep-sea sediments...temperatures common in deep-sea
http://schraglab.unix.fas.harvard.edu/publications/CV78.pdf
54%

Oct 2008 - ...injecting CO2 into deep-sea sediments...temperatures common in deep-sea
http://academics.eckerd.edu/instructor/hastindw/MS1410-001_FA08/handouts/House_etalPNAS06.
pdf
54%
1133. Petrology Quartzite - Stone B2B Marketplace - StoneBuy.com ...
StoneBuy.com - Find Building Material, Granite Countertops, Tiles, Slabs, Vanity tops, Sinks,
granite, marble, slate, sandstone, travertine, limestone, quartzite, ...
http://english.stonebuy.com/information/petrology-quartzite.asp
54%
1134. Temperatures of the Terrestrial Sphere

atmosphere and those of the Ocean; it involves organized and immense currents. ... This
distinction between luminous heat and dark heat explains the increase ...
http://geosci.uchicago.edu/~rtp1/papers/Fourier1827Trans.pdf
54%
1135. :I24 LPSC XX CRYSTAL SETTLING IN A VIGOROUSLY CONVECTING MAGMA OCEAN....

Mar 2009 - ...CONVECTING MAGMA OCEAN. W. B. Tonks...cooling magma ocean is the
generally...enriched anorthositic crust and the Europium...moon had a magma ocean the earth
should...not have had a deep magma ocean since...liquidus and solidus temperature pro
http://www.lpi.usra.edu/meetings/lpsc1989/pdf/1570.pdf
53%
1136. Climate Warming as Caused by Denudation of Soil

It is proposed that loss of vegetation is an important cause of climate warming and loss of carbon
resources is the most important reason for not using oil and coal.
http://charles_w.tripod.com/climate.html
53%
1137. EXAM 1
... 4° C, but actually increasing in density with increasing temperature above 4° C. ... 1500 meters
a second, how deep and what kind of ocean basin feature would be indicated by ...
http://ww2.coastal.edu/msci302/mbioex1.htm
53%
1138. Measurement: Appendix

Jan 2008 - ...features of the ocean floors. Identify...planet's crust happen quite...higher the
temperature. This is called...gradient in crust is about 25...11,788 ft deep, temperature is about
90...and pressures increase with depth...
http://ww2.sccsc.edu/Science/Physics/Physical Science/PHS 102/Objectives and Lecture
Outline/PHS101_Ch22.doc
53%
1139. Selective Phylogenetic Analysis Targeting 16S rRNA Genes of Hyperthermophilic

Archaea in the Deep-Subsurface Hot Biosphere - ..
Apr 2009 - ...the highest growth temperature, is known to have a maximum growth temperature of
113°C ( 1...recorded maximum growth temperature, 121°C ( 21 Since...km in regions of crust that
exhibit low thermal...interest in the deep-subsurface biosphere
http://intl-aem.asm.org/cgi/content/full/73/7/2110
53%
1140. Survey of Environmental Geobiochemistry Stephen K. Lower Simon Fraser...

Dec 2006 - ...younger the oldest oceanic crust is about 200 million years...exist at undersea ridges,
new crust is formed from molten mate...melting is due to the rise in temperature associated with
the nearly...solidified lava is transformed into crust by
http://www.chem1.com/acad/pdf/geochem.pdf
53%
1141. Carbon Dioxide Information Analysis Center - Glossary

... ocean to the total ocean CO2 concentration at constant temperature, alkalinity ... example, an
increase in surface air temperature could increase the evaporation; ...
http://cdiac.esd.ornl.gov/pns/glossary.html
52%
1142. Chapter 17 Earth's Interior

Jul 2007 - ...drilled into the crust in search of oil...well, a super deep research well...chemical
compositions Crust: thin outer skin3...Pressure and temperature greatly affect...Major Boundaries
Crust-Mantle boundary...underlying mantle Increase in velo
http://web.bryant.edu/~dlm1/sc262/chapters/262ch2k.htm
52%
1143. CO2, Temperatures, and Ice Ages | Watts Up With That?

It is generally accepted that CO2 is lagging temperature in Antarctic graphs. ... temperature
increase, and then an almost just as big, but a less ...
http://wattsupwiththat.com/2009/01/30/co2-temperatures-and-ice-ages/
52%
1144. GEOL 3035

AVERAGE SALINITY OF OCEANS IS THOUGHT TO HAVE BEEN CONSTANT OVER TIME, SO SINKS
... IS A LAYER OF RAPID TEMPERATURE CHANGE BETWEEN THE SURFACE AND DEEP OCEAN. ...
http://sce.uhcl.edu/Pitts/geoscienceclassnotes\Chapter_14water&life.doc
52%
1145. Geothermal Power - Where Geothermal Energy Comes From ...

Foreword, Mountains in the Sky, Comets Demystified, Asteroids Discovered, How Asteroids and
Comets Formed, Vital Statistics of Asteroids and Comets, Voyages to the ...
http://www.scienceclarified.com/scitech/Energy-Alternatives/Geothermal-Power.html
52%
1146. Postdoctoral Scholars : Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution

May 2010 - ...processes in the deep ocean, fellowships...exists. Earth's Deep Biosphere is
an...dynamics of the crust and mantle...composition, temperature, degree of hydration...in the mid-
ocean ridge system...measurements or increase the efficiency...
http://www.whoi.edu/pdfserver.do?url=aHR0cDovL3d3dy53aG9pLmVkdS9wYWdlLmRvP3BpZD03Nj
U1JnByaW50PXRoaXM=
52%
1147. Sequestration
... rocks, as fossil fuels and in deep ocean waters and do not normally enter the ... two sinks,
essentially land vegetation and the ocean, increasing their uptakes. ...
http://www.cypenv.info/cyprusee/files/climate/sequestration.aspx
52%
1148. US NSF - GEO - OCE - The Future of Basic Research in the ...
Given the rapid increase in Lagrangian measurements by drifting and profiling ... from the deep
Earth, hydrothermal circulation in ocean crust and sediments, or ...
http://www.nsf.gov/geo/oce/whatis/futures.jsp
52%
1149. 2007 June " Ocean acidification
Phosphate and nitrate limitation lead to an increase in the ratio of calcite to ... limitation, and
increase biological carbon sequestration in the ocean. ...
http://oceanacidification.wordpress.com/2007/06/
51%

When an ocean plate edge collides with a continental plate its denser ... rock found there is
deep-ocean sediment or ocean crust origin which was scraped ...
http://www.yale.edu/ynhti/curriculum/units/1991/6/91.06.05.x.html
51%
1151. Borehole Observatory Installations on IODP Expedition 306 ...

assuming purely conductive heat transfer, temperature. pro? les obtained from beneath the ... of
Greenland Sea Deep Water and Arctic Ocean Deep Water ...
http://paleomag.geology.ucdavis.edu/research/acton/Publications/2006_Harris-SciDrilling.pdf
51%
1152. Geology 1403 June 7, 2002 EXAM #1 Potassium (K) reacts with oxygen...
Feb 2006 - ...liquids at room temperature? dd. 11 ee...qq. decrease in temperature moves towards
solid rr. increase in temperature moves towards gas...concerning the oceanic crust? llll.
undeformed...subducted at the deep ocean trench rrrr. 2...
http://blue.utb.edu/paullgj/geol1403/exams/ex1summ02.htm
51%
1153. Plate tectonics: Facts, Discussion Forum, and Encyclopedia Article

Jul 2010 - ...deepest parts of the ocean floor.... formation...density of the crust that result in...of
the Atlantic Ocean Atlantic Ocean The Atlantic Ocean is the second-largest...the object's
temperature. An example of...might have a solid crust and a li
http://www.absoluteastronomy.com/topics/Plate_tectonics
51%
1154. Ocean-Atmosp 05-06.pmd

Aug 2008 - ...Sciences has a three-fold mission: to increase the world’s store of
knowledge...knowledge about the atmosphere and the ocean, especially the Pacific North-
west...oceanographic research and is used mainly for deep ocean work. The Elakha, wh
http://oregonstate.edu/registrar/PrintCatalog05-06/Ocean-Atmosp 05-06.pdf
50%
1155. Put our citizens before science - Auburn Journal

The deep ocean is acting as our global heat sink and the temperatures in the deep ocean are
warming and this ... Maybe the deep ocean temperature increase is because the molted ...
http://auburnjournal.com/detail/153266.html
50%
1156. RealClimate: The debate is just beginning — on the Cretaceous!

May 2010 - ...is no independent temperature proxy for the deep ocean, but the
investigators...questionably) that deep ocean temperature did not change much...as it may, the
deep ocean oxygen isotope shift...uncorrected for any temperature effect) was...
http://www.realclimate.org/index.php/archives/2008/01/the-debate-is-just-beginning-on-the-cretac
eous/langswitch_lang/bu
50%
1157. SEDIMENTS Sediments cover the ocean floor. The composition and origin...
Feb 2007 - ...levels of the ocean in the tropics...including water temperature,
pressure...concentration. Water temperature: Like all gases...in the cold deep ocean basins
where...Pressure: An increase in pressure...As oceanic crust is subducted...
http://www3.ncc.edu/faculty/bio/fanellis/biosci119/SEDIMENTS.htm
50%
1158. Stratton Report Chapter 5

Mar 2009 - ...coastlines. Large ocean swells breaking on...southern Atlantic Ocean. The
tsunami...the earth's solid crust. A hurricane receives...directly from the ocean and by
condensing...Satellites, data buoys, deep submersibles, modern...understanding
http://www.lib.noaa.gov/noaainfo/heritage/stratton/chapter5.html
50%
1159. doi:10.1016/j.gca.2007.02.001
Aug 2007 - ...altered oceanic crust obtained on ODP...altered oceanic crust (AOC) is
critical...heterogeneous temperature and redox conditions...altered oceanic crust (assuming 6...the
surface and deep Earth, through...magmatism at mid- ocean ridges (MOR..
http://www.lehigh.edu/~geb0/LiAOCNIsotsGCA07.pdf
49%
1160. For those who make the dizzying trip to the ceiling of the Western Hemisphere to gaze
at the deep blue waters of Lake Titicaca,
Jul 2009 - ...Hemisphere to gaze at the deep blue water of Lake...above the Pacific Ocean, there is
the...with the enormous ocean (mamaquta or jach...in the earth's crust that became mountain
caves, springs...some senses not a deep contradiction...develope
http://lasa.international.pitt.edu/members/congress-papers/lasa2009/files/WilliamsHeather.pdf
49%
1161. Plate Tectonics: This works as a result of hot mantle ...

harzburgite, and basaltic ocean crust, it is then possible to calculate ... altered ocean crust
dehydrates and causes melting of the basaltic. ocean crust and of the ...
http://www.le.ac.uk/gl/art/pdfdocs/intromna.pdf
49%
1162. Volcanoes -- GLGArcs

For example, volcanoes of mid-ocean ridges are on the divergent boundaries, volcanic ... it is
yielded only by increasing temperature, but its rising induces partial ...
http://www.glgarcs.net/intro/volcanoes_1.html
49%
1163. Constraining oceanic dust deposition using surface ocean dissolved Al...
Aug 2006 - ...decrease pCO 2 in the ocean not only through stimulating...sulting nitrogen could
increase oceanic primary productivity...and Henderson, 1998] increase input of Si could
lead...decrease the global temperature by 1°C [Zhuang et...deposition t
http://dust.ess.uci.edu/qhan/write-up/proposal.pdf
48%
1164. deep sea-6.indd

Jun 2005 - ...Antarctica and the deep seabed. In the absence...definition of the term “deep
seabed,” this report...designate the seabed and ocean floor and its subsoil...environments is likely
to increase. Not only will this...knowledge of extreme ocea
http://update.unu.edu/downloads/DeepSeabed.pdf
48%
1165. deep sea-7.2.indd

Jul 2005 - ...Antarctica and the deep seabed. In the absence...definition of the term “deep seabed,”
this report...designate the seabed and ocean floor and its subsoil...environments is likely to
increase. Not only will this...knowledge of extreme ocea
http://www.ias.unu.edu/binaries2/DeepSeabed.pdf
48%
1166. Geothermal Energy

Scribd is the world's largest social reading and publishing site. ... deep ocean water resulting in a
temperature difference between warm surface water and cold water at depths ...
http://www.scribd.com/doc/32735434/Geothermal-Energy
48%
1167. Howstuffworks "Exploring the Ocean Abyss"

The deep ocean is a world that seems as alien to human beings as a planet in a science-fiction
novel. It is a realm of absolute darkness, where sunlight ...
http://science.howstuffworks.com/exploring-the-ocean-abyss-info.htm/printable
48%
1168. To What Extent Does Terrestrial Life Follow The Water?

May 2010 - ...The Pressure-Temperature Phase...subsurface pressure and temperature gradients of
Earth are...between the ?Ocean salinity water? and...chambers in the crust, surface...in Fig. 3 the
temperature at the summit...environments such as d
http://www.mso.anu.edu.au/~charley/papers/JonesLineweaver2010.pdf
48%
1169. Electrical conductivity of the earth's crust and upper mantle

Dec 2008 - ...the earth's crust and upper mantle...powerful tool in crust and upper mantle...the
general increase in resistivity data of the crust and mantle has...and geomagnetic deep soundings
(GDS...electrolytic temperature dependent conductance...Resis
http://www.dias.ie/mtnet/working_group/papers/EMWKSHP_ReviewVolumes/1988Sochi/Schwarz_1
988SochiReview_SG_1990.pdf
47%
1170. Microsoft Word - Oceanography Review Test Section 1.doc

Jan 2005 - ...depression in crust and filled by ocean. 2. Gradual change in temperature with
depth...of brown, deep-sea sedimentary...continental crust bulges downward...14. The ocean is
older...abundant in the deep ocean because...increases as temperature
http://www.eas.slu.edu/People/KChauff/ocean/Oceanography_Review_Tests_1.pdf
47%
1171. #Delaney1rev1
Dec 2005 - ...of Diking at Mid-Ocean Ridges J. R. Delaney...portion of the oceanic crust has formed
through...thrive in high-temperature anaerobic environments...and cracks within deep, volcanically
ac...life forms. The ocean basins cover nearly...to 6 km
http://www.ocean.washington.edu/courses/oc410/2005/Delaney.pdf
46%
1172. Early magnetic field and magmatic activity on Mars from magma ...
Significant and perhaps complete melting of the young terrestrial ... and melt adiabatically, creating
an early crust to record this field and leaving behind ...
http://eaps.mit.edu/Elkins-Tanton/pdfs_of_papers/Mars%20magnetic%20field%20E-T%20et%20al
%20EPSL%202005.pdf
46%
1173. Earth's Oceans Power Point

Temperature of Ocean Water. Warm water holds less dissolved gas than cold water. ... As a result,
fish and other animals can live in deep parts of the ocean. ...
http://www.tenafly.k12.nj.us/~plobosco/Earth%E2%80%99s%20Oceans.ppt
46%
1174. Gas Hydrates - Geophysical studies of marine gas hydrate in Northern Cascadia
Mar 2009 - ...reflection systems and for ocean bottom seismographs...the very high resolution
Deep-Tow Acoustics/Geophysics...sources, and studies using ocean bottom seismographs The...to
be correlated to an increase in BSR reflection strength...data (top)
http://gsc.nrcan.gc.ca/gashydrates/ncascadia/index_e.php
46%
1175. Geological Society of America - April Geology and GSA Today media highlights
May 2009 - ...temperatures at 28 ocean islands by Putirka. These temperature estimates...28
volcanic ocean islands is...signal from the deep mantle this...continental crust. Putirka...continental
crust. Sedimentary...and extreme increase in global...distri
http://www.newsrx.com/article.php?articleID=927719
46%
1176. http://www.tulane.edu/~sanelson/eens212/ocean_basins.htm
Feb 2010 - ...submarines to the ocean floor. Numerous...through oceanic crust. Ophiolites
occur...onto continental crust. During this...consisting of deep sea sediments...there is a sharp
increase in the density...the base of the crust, and is thus...snake
http://www.tulane.edu/~sanelson/eens212/ocean_basins.pdf
46%
1177. RealClimate - Comments on Does a Global Temperature Exist?

Aug 2009 - ...ocean or atmosphere-ocean energy is potentially...system. Thermodynamic
temperature determined as simple...humans have a normal core temperature of around 37 degrees
C, and an increase in core temperature above approximately 38...
http://www.realclimate.org/?comments_popup=422
46%
1178. APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY, Dec. 2005, p. 8773–8783 Vol....

Dec 2005 - ...may be common to deep subsurface habitats...oceanic and terrestrial deep subsur-
face settings...of the terrestrial crust contains 9.5 106...and associated with deep terrestrial
hydrologic...University, Department of Ocean- ography, Tallahass
http://foo.maths.uq.edu.au/~huber/doc/papers/duane2005.pdf
45%
1179. doi:10.1016/j.epsl.2007.06.013
Jul 2007 - ...lower oceanic crust the limited duration...over a narrow temperature interval, suggest
that high-temperature fluid flow in...Keywords: oceanic crust hydrothermal...diffusion Hess Deep 1.
Introduction...circulation at mid-ocean ridges pro...
http://www2.ess.ucla.edu/~manning/pdfs/c07.pdf
45%
1180. EARTH SCIENCE: ON THE MOUNTAINS OF OMAN AND OCEAN-FLOOR ROCKS

Dec 2004 - ...outcrop of ocean crust and upper mantle...is not any old ocean floor, but a...base of
the thin crust on which we live...measuring the temperature of Earth's interior...SCIENCE: THE
OCEAN FLOOR AND THE...that the linear increase in the age of.
http://scienceweek.com/2004/sc041210-2.htm
45%
1181. Environment - carbon

The ocean crust completes this cycle over 100-200 million years and it has ... of C from the surface
to the deep ocean reduces the CO2 in the surface waters ...
http://www.lifesciences.napier.ac.uk/teaching/Env/Ccycle06.htm
45%
1182. Gaia Hyopothesis

Dec 2008 - ...a constant surface temperature, assuming current...will find that the temperature has
fallen by 4...sea level (as in a deep depression at the...equivalent rise in temperature. A 10 percent
increase in atmospheri pressure...
http://www.dhushara.com/book/diversit/extra/lovelock/gaia.htm
45%
1183. Journals — Welcome to ChemWeb

May 2009 - ...Mooney pp. 90-103 Deep seismic reflection...lower continental crust of the Southern
Granulite...evolution of the deep crust, including...of thallium in the ocean crust by Sune
G...magnitude of the high temperature water flux of mid...
http://www.chemweb.com/journals/journals?type=issue&jid=0012821X&iid=02510001
45%
1184. Peering into the Crystal Fabric of Rocks : Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution
Jul 2010 - ...the ocean crust and is...communities of deep-sea life...conduits within ocean crust that
set...and cold temperature contrasts...faults in the ocean. With my...oceans to increase our
understanding...in oceanic crust will also...potential for a
http://www.whoi.edu/pdfserver.do?url=aHR0cDovL3d3dy53aG9pLmVkdS9wYWdlLmRvP3BpZD0xM
Tg2MSZ0aWQ9MjgyJmNpZD0yNDk0JnByaW50PXRoaXM=
45%
1185. untitled
Jun 2008 - ...implications for deep-sea carbon...unsedimented ocean crust at the sea
floor...significantly increase species richness...in the other deep-sea libraries...in basaltic ocean
crust include hydrothermal...carbon in the deep sea is recalcitrant..
http://fire.biol.wwu.edu/cmoyer/research/Santelli_crust_diversity_nat08.pdf
45%
1186. NOAA/PMEL is a leader in developing ocean observational systems

Feb 2009 - ...microorganisms from deep sea vent systems...Purpose: Deep-sea
hydrothermal...simultaneously measure temperature and collect...the oceanic crust, little is...the
oceanic crust, using diffuse...measurements of ocean currents, temperature, salin
http://www.pmel.noaa.gov/home/accomp/opplan00.html
44%
1187. 07Tomascak.qxd
Feb 2007 - ...d7Li of ocean crust (Seyfried et...heavy Li into the deep mantle. The
interesting...produced by low-temperature reactions. Retention...arcs and to the deep mantle.
SOURCES...the continental crust is predominantly...devolatilized mid-ocean ri
http://www.oswego.edu/geo_classes/ptgeo100/reprints/Tomascak_Geology_00.pdf
43%
1188. 07Tomascak.qxd
Jun 2007 - ...d7Li of ocean crust (Seyfried et...heavy Li into the deep mantle. The
interesting...produced by low-temperature reactions. Retention...arcs and to the deep mantle.
SOURCES...the continental crust is predominantly...devolatilized mid-ocean ri
http://chuma.cas.usf.edu/~ryan/TomascekRyan.pdf
43%
1189. Ecosphere Blog

Now carbon dioxide is locked down in the deep ocean far away from the atmosphere. ... as carbon,
and sinks to the deep ocean to be lost and never reintroduced as ...
http://www.ecosphereblog.com/
43%
1190. Further reading - New Scientist

SEDIMENT is accumulating on the deep ocean floor all the time, in a modest and slow way. ...
ocean floor and the continental crust collide, the denser ocean crust ...
http://www.science.org.au/nova/newscientist/027ns_001.htm
43%
1191. Microsoft Word - 1Oceanote-2010.doc

Jan 2010 - ...geolithosphere both temperature and pressure increase, but at
different...discontinuity Crust - except for...exceeds that of temperature and the rocks...change of
temperature with depth...the outermost crust - in some areas of the ocean, near
http://www.eas.slu.edu/People/KChauff/ocean/2010/1Oceanote_2010.pdf
43%
1192. Microsoft Word - East-West.070925.final.doc

Sep 2007 - ...forams are microscopic shelled animals living in the deep ocean. In the absence of
large ice sheets, as during...18 O, in the forams provides a direct measure of deep ocean
temperature where the forams lived. Thus ocean sediment cores...
http://www.columbia.edu/~jeh1/East-West_070925.pdf
43%
1193. Ocean salinities show an intensified water cycle - Worldnews.com

CSIRO Wealth from Oceans scientist, Dr Susan Wijffels, who shares the helm of the world's largest
ocean monitoring program aimed at reducing uncertainties ...
http://article.wn.com/view/2010/04/14/Ocean_salinities_show_an_intensified_water_cycle/
43%
1194. Plate Tectonics Study Guide

Feb 2005 - ...Atlantic Ridge. • Ocean basins are geologically...is evident from deep sea
drilling...continental crust is 3.8+billion...basalt reaches the ocean floor where it...and the adjacent
deepâ€ ocean floor. These...as new oceanic crust was created
http://hurri.kean.edu/~anderson/ppt/studyguides/geology/Plate Tect Study.htm
43%
1195. Environment- Ocean

May 2007 - ...differences in water temperature and salt content...for the Atlantic Ocean. The water
at...by upwelling of deep water. Upwelling...rapid change in temperature with depth, that...the
warm surface ocean from the cold deep waters, in tropical...
http://www.lifesciences.napier.ac.uk/teaching/Env/Env7ocean.html
42%
1196. EurekAlert! - Science News: Marine Science Portal

Mar 2009 - ...18-Jun-2008 Nature Ocean temperatures and sea level...research suggests that ocean
temperature and associated sea level...fund postdoc's study of deep-sea methane A L'Oreal...Laura
Lapham lapham@ocean.fsu.edu 850-645...
http://www.eurekalert.org/marinescience/releases.php?&start=250
42%
1197. Microsoft Word - Earth Science Remediation.doc

Nov 2008 - ...such as weather and ocean circulation. The...rising toward the upper crust does not
reach the surface...with other landmasses, ocean crust has been created and...especially
accelerated by the increase in surface area. Chemical...
http://eagles.midway.edu/ted/Remediation/PraxisII/documents/Science/EarthScienceRemediation.p
df
42%
1198. Microsoft Word - EL124jun2005.DOC

Jun 2006 - ...mantle and crust) of...effect will an increase in water vapour...Earth’s temperature?
Warming...Effects of ocean currents...production Temperature variations...temperature? Increase
temperatures...compositions of ocean crust and continental
http://www2.glos.ac.uk/offload/subjectsandcourses/undergraduatefields/el1/exam/el124/jun2005.p
df
42%
1199. Ohmori 5ICG-03(03/12/2)

Jun 2008 - ...several types of ocean basalts in...mantle at the temperature of about 1...The most
deep magmatic...tropical Atlantic Ocean’s rift zone...earth’s crust accretion...volcanism, an increase
in the thickness...stands for ocean depth, and...th
http://gidimap.giub.uni-bonn.de:9080/geomorph/themen/docs-themen/evolution-of-the-ocean-floo
r
42%
1200. Plate tectonics

May 2009 - ...either side of a mid-ocean ridge, plate tectonics...power. Study of the deep ocean
floor was critical...theory the field of deep sea marine geology...nearly adiabatic temperature
gradient. This division...core, mantle, and crust. The lithosph
http://www.cs.mcgill.ca/~rwest/link-suggestion/wpcd_2008-09_augmented/wp/p/Plate_tectonics.h
tm
42%
1201. Administration Pacific Ocean Science and Technology 802 1680...

Jun 2010 - ...community. HIGP is 288 School of Ocean and Earth Science and Technology also the
home...the reef, Kâne‘ohe Bay, and deep ocean waters. It is located on Moku O Lo‘e...and other
long-period School of Ocean and Earth Science and Technology
http://www.catalog.hawaii.edu/09-10/pdf/286-305soest9.pdf
41%
1202. B361 - Sample Exam (2007)

7) Increasing the temperature of seawater: a) decreases the viscosity. ... generally higher on
shores of the Pacific Ocean compared to the Atlantic Ocean. ...
http://www.biology.ualberta.ca/courses.hp/biol361/exams.htm
41%
1203. HOFER, MARKUS, FRANK PEETERS, WERNER AESCHBACH-HERTIG, MATTHIAS
BRENNWALD, JOHANNES HOLOCHER, DAVID M. LIVINGSTONE, VLADIMIR ...
Apr 2006 - ...estimate of the deep-water residence...heated to room temperature, and the...the
continental crust (Mamyrin and...the gas at the temperature and salinity of...interplay between
deep-water mixing...water that has a temperature that is typicall
http://www.iup.uni-heidelberg.de/institut/forschung/groups/aquasys/WAH/publications/papers/Hof
er_02_LO.pdf
41%
1204. SAMS News Oct 05

Nov 2007 - ...coastal waters to the Arctic Ocean. SAMS is funded by an agreement...International
Symposium Deep-Sea Corals 28 November...is collected from the deep Antarctic seabed using...in
the vastness of the ocean surrounded by ice, it is...fishing pra
http://www.sams.ac.uk/learned_society/learned_society/pdf/NL31.pdf
41%
1205. The Inside of Earth: Deep-Earth Science from the Top Down
Apr 2008 - ...completely covered by ocean. Now, continents...escape through an ocean basin.
Seismologists...the age of the ocean floor (white lines...survive today, deep inside Earth,
or...expanding Earth: new crust was clearly being...at the melting tempe
http://eands.caltech.edu/articles/Anderson Feature.pdf
41%
1206. WC&PRURC 1997 Funded Research

Mar 2009 - ...VanDover - International Deep-Sea Biology Symposium...surveyed with a temperature
probe and either...directly related to increase in soft tissue biomass...these autotrophic deep-sea
communities...Washington, using a deep water submersible...B
http://www.westnurc.uaf.edu/1997funded.html
41%
1207. Evolution and Differentiation of the Continental Crust - Cambridge University Press
Mar 2009 - ...growth of the continental crust in an episodic manner, but with a major increase in
the growth rate in...and 6). Continental crust generated during the...petrologic processes increase
the long-term thermal...stability of the continental crust
http://www.cambridge.org/catalogue/catalogue.asp?isbn=9780521066068&ss=exc
40%
1208. Evolution and Differentiation of the Continental Crust - Cambridge University Press
Oct 2009 - ...growth of the continental crust in an episodic manner, but with a major increase in
the growth rate in...and 6). Continental crust generated during the...petrologic processes increase
the long-term thermal...stability of the continental crust
http://www.cup.cam.ac.uk/uk/catalogue/catalogue.asp?isbn=9780521066068&ss=exc
40%
1209. Glossary of Terms Abyssal plain relating to ocean depths from 2000 to...
Aug 2003 - ...Fahrenheit a temperature scale with...warming an increase in the average
temperature of the earth...sustained increase sufficient to...Stream a warm ocean current of...body
of water deep enough to provide...includes the crust and the upper pa
http://www.csr.utexas.edu/grace/education/activities/pdf/Glossary_of_Terms.pdf
40%
1210. Microsoft Word - 48481B1F-03BE-285F7A.doc

Aug 2008 - ...funnel holds the temperature sensor on top...order to keep the temperature sensor in
position...regularly outputted a temperature printout to...of the ROV to increase its
mobility...studying mid-ocean ridges. Since...found around deep-sea hyd
http://www.marinetech.org/rov_competition/2008/tech_reports/2008 team technical
reports/RANGER/Thomas Jefferson Tech Report.pdf
40%
1211. 4. Building of a Habitable Planet HERVE´ MARTIN Laboratoire Magmas et...

Jan 2007 - ...atmosphere and ocean formation, Late...of continental crust large enough...conti-
nental crust has been dated. Exposed...the terrestrial ocean. Consequently...fractionation, due to a
temperature-dependent...a temperature increase of worth...b
http://we.vub.ac.be/~dglg/Web/Claeys/Pubs/Martin-etal-06a.pdf
39%
1212. 80005 367..373

Oct 2003 - ...across the crust, penetrating deep into the mantle...the entire ocean trench slope...of
the cold crust and upper...surrounding these deep active faults...scarp in the ocean plate
separates...km-thick crust, magnetic...fault throws increase fr
http://szseminar.asu.edu/readings/Nature_Ranero_2003.pdf
39%
1213. Bacteria: The Space Colonists. by Brig Klyce

What about the low temperature and the possible lack of liquid water in space? ... vacuum or at
the huge hydrostatic pressure of deep ocean trenches. ...
http://www.panspermia.org/bacteria.htm
39%
1214. Course Notes

Aug 2009 - ...erosion Observations: • Temperature: HOT! 1000-1200ºC...Minerals most common
(in crust): c. 50% Silica...Silica Lots = Viscous Temperature Low = Viscous Volatiles Lots =
Fluid...Desert Varnish black crust coating rocks growth of bacteria..
http://dnn.epcc.edu/Faculty/kdevaney/1403 Course Notes.html
39%
1215. 3
Nov 2001 - ...the Earth s crust, and the...temperatures. An increase in the temperature of
rocks...pressures in the crust these magmas...Conditions of high temperature and/or...develop in
the crust and these...consequent on deep burial within...troughs the
http://www.envf.port.ac.uk/geog/teaching/environ/text/sect3-5.htm
38%
1216. Effects of Light Adaptation on the Temporal Resolution of Deep-sea Crustaceans -

Frank 43 (4): 559 - Integrative and ...
Jun 2009 - ...photoreceptors of 13 species of deep-sea crustaceans. Light...produced a significant
increase in the maximum critical...the first example of an increase in temporal resolution...light
adaptation in a deep-sea species. In the...4 6°C (the wat
http://icb.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/content/full/43/4/559
38%
1217. Untitled Document

Feb 2000 - ...Conduction from surface ocean to deep - less important...place in the surface ocean is
that hot...at an even lower temperature. (There will always...freezes. - Progressive increase in
density promotes...cm^3 - cold, deep waters1.028 g...
http://ijolite.geology.uiuc.edu/02SprgClass/geo117D/lectures/Lect15.html
38%
1218. Chapter 1 - The Ocean as a Habitat

Jan 2005 - ...II. Charting the Deep: A History of Marine...Different View of the Ocean Floor A. The
theory...Relationship between crust and mantle 3. What...warming IV. The World Ocean A. Earth is
the only...in the ocean? How deep is it? b. Conditions...te
http://www.westminster.edu/staff/athrock/MarineBiology/Outlines/Chapter01.pdf
37%
1219. Climate change - TipThePlanet

For information on temperature measurements over various periods, and the data ... global and
local patterns of climate and atmosphere-ocean circulation. ...
http://www.tiptheplanet.com/wiki/Climate_change
37%
1220. Deep global cycling of carbon constrained by the solidus of anhydrous, carbonated
eclogite under upper mantle...
Dasgupta, R. / Hirschmann, M.M. / Withers, A.C.,Earth and Planetary Science
Letters,227(1),p.73-85,Oct 2004 - ...GPa, respectively. Thus, deep subduction of carbonate...an
effective agent of deep mantle metasomatism. Comparison...partial melting eclogite o
drill=yes&md5=d69c483fb1a68c85bdcb6d49de178efe
37%
1221. Intro TOC, etc. FINAL 7/12

parallel to the coast and affords protection to. coastal shorelines. bar–coastal ... continental crust.
continental rise–the area of the deep. ocean at the ...
http://www.scseagrant.org/oldsite/pdf_files/sos_gloss_ref.pdf
37%
1222. Magnetic Lineations in the Ancient Crust of Mars - Connerney et al. 284 (5415): 794 -
Science
May 2010 - ...An attempt to increase the spatial resolution...Mars highlands crust is on average
an...terrestrial continental crust 10 ). The martian crust may have been magnetized...below a
critical temperature (Curie temperature...active dynamo in its de
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/full/284/5415/794?ijkey=KWc4TConG1b7.
37%
1223. MOR7.PDF
Aug 2003 - ...the global mid-ocean ridge system still...far the Indian Ocean Ridge system
(IORS...CH4) and a temperature anomaly of + 0.05...tions of Fe–Mn crust, manganese nodule...in
the Indian Ocean, shows a spike of...exhibits a notable increase in 3
http://www.ias.ac.in/currsci/aug102003/321.pdf
37%
1224. Continental Drift Basics on Tectonic Plate Movement

... and weak points to compensate from the deep depression within Earth's crust on ... upwards
toward the surface of the ocean and then spread, instead of initiating a ...
http://www.grantchronicles.com/astro148.htm
36%
1225. gc000568 1..24

Nov 2006 - ...composition of mid-ocean ridge basalt...and potential temperature in
ridge-hotspot...in potential temperature explains the...crustal thickness increase of 4 km
approaching...Region: Atlantic Ocean. Received 11...opportunity for deep understan
http://www.rsmas.miami.edu/divs/mgg/People/Faculty/DixonJ/Publications/pdfs/Asimowetal04.pdf
36%
1226. Low ´18O in the Icelandic mantle and its origins: Evidence from Reykjanes Ridge and
Icelandic lavas
Thirlwall, M.F. / Gee, M.A.M. / Lowry, D. / Mattey, D.P. / Murton, B.J. / Taylor, R.N.,Geochimica et
Cosmochimica Acta,70(4),p.993-1019,Feb 2006 - ...whole-rock delta18O for ocean crust lithologies
Association...Drill core 10 Hess Deep, EPR - 2.2 6.5..
drill=yes&md5=1d5c6997f364d74094ba2a2e5c635586
36%
1227. ORI GI NAL PAPER J. W. Valley Æ J. S. Lackey Æ A. J. Cavosie C. C....

Aug 2007 - ...comparison with the crust, two vertical...altered by high temperature hydrothermal
fluids...ization that low temperature water–rock...component of the crust (Balsley and
Gregory...gabbros Continental Crust Meteoric water Sediments...zircons
http://www.ufpe.br/ansial/Valley et al MCP, v. 150, 2005.pdf
36%
1228. PII: B012227430X002555

Sep 2007 - ...volume taken up by ocean ridges would decrease...volume of the ocean basin
available for water would increase and a sea level...due to changing ocean ridge volumes...two
continents Deep ocean New ridge...of continental crust by generating...
http://curry.eas.gatech.edu/Courses/6140/ency/Chapter10/Ency_Oceans/Sea_Level_Variations.pdf
36%
1229. Astro-Venture Geology Training Script

Oct 2003 - ...spreading rapidly. Ocean floor is building...very rapidly. The ocean floods the
land...lithosphere would create ocean crust so quickly that...Volcanism would also increase.
Astro-Facts...extreme pressure and temperature deep within the Earth.
http://quest.nasa.gov/projects/astrobiology/astroventure/geology/training/AVStraining_geol.html
35%
1230. Characterization and P-T Evolution of Melt-bearing Ultrahigh-temperature Granulites:

an Example from the Anapolis-Itaucu ...
Mar 2009 - ...kbar. This ultrahigh-temperature metamorphism occurred...sapphirine quartz
ultrahigh-temperature metamorphism INTRODUCTION...modification of the continental crust (e.g.
Harley, 1989...The term ultrahigh-temperature (UHT) metamorphism...therma
http://petrology.oupjournals.org/cgi/content/full/43/9/1673
35%
1231. IUGG 2003 Scientific Program

Nov 2009 - ...term in-situ Ocean Observatories...OBSERVATIONS OF TEMPERATURE AND
SELF-POTENTIAL IN THE OCEAN CRUST Keizo SAYANAGI...KINOSHITA(Deep Sea
Research...Measurements of temperature and electromagnetic...showed a sudden increase and
gentle decrease
http://www.jamstec.go.jp/jamstec-e/iugg/htm/abstract/abst/jss03/014461-1.html
35%
1232. Worlds Collide.

... such as mountain chains and ocean basins, were created during the ... impact and is today the
continental crust of the Earth. Although broken and contorted, giant pieces of the ...
http://preearth.net/
35%
1233. Defining the Paragoethite process for iron removal in zinc hydrometallurgy
Loan, M. / Newman, O.M.G. / Cooper, R.M.G. / Farrow, J.B. / Parkinson,
G.M.,Hydrometallurgy,81(2),p.104-129,Feb 2006 - ...hematite (alpha-Fe2O3), most notably
affected by changes in pH, temperature and water activity. The sulphate-containing
schwertmannite
drill=yes&md5=bc4d0c154546573ac40b07d3be0ceed4
34%
1234. gl031671 1..5

Jun 2008 - ...and the temperature. Figure...hydrates. An increase in water temperature at the
seafloor...1995]. Deep ocean surveys...1%/yr increase in atmospheric CO2, the temperature at the
seafloor...the bulk ocean temperature...intervals. [8] Deep, cold
http://www.netl.doe.gov/technologies/oil-gas/publications/Hydrates/reports/G302_GeophysicalRevi
ew_Nov07.pdf
34%
1235. MeltingMelting Reference: Encylopedia of Volcanoes, pp. 55-68 Heat of...

Aug 2001 - ...Increasing temperature • Where...Occurs in mid-ocean ridges and ocean
islands...causes all temperature change Melting...Composition • Increase in water
pressure...subducting oceanic crust Increasing...mantle – Deep crust...
http://www.nsm.buffalo.edu/courses/gly431/V02_Melting.pdf
33%
1236. Microsoft Word - Chen_Qihai.doc

Apr 2006 - ...occurs along midge ocean ridges, where there...activities. As the ocean floor splits,
the gap between the deep sea water and the mantle...in the earth’s crust to form. Through...cracks
and crevasses, ocean water is able to...reaches the hig
http://esys.ucsd.edu/internship/images/intern_papers/Chen_Qihai.pdf
32%
1237. Permanent Carbon Dioxide Storage into Basalt: The CarbFix Pilot Project, Iceland
Matter, J.M. / Broecker, W.S. / Stute, M. / Gislason, S.R. / Oelkers, E.H. / Stefansson, A. /
Wolff-Boenisch, D. / (...) / Bjornsson, G.,Energy Procedia,1(1),p.3641-3646,Feb 2009 - ...CO 2
emissions in deep geological formations...such as in the deep ocean
drill=yes&md5=02961411a6a268ed9d5c7926fe70ae4c
32%
1238. Permanent Carbon Dioxide Storage into Basalt: The CarbFix Pilot Project, Iceland
Matter, J.M. / Broecker, W.S. / Stute, M. / Gislason, S.R. / Oelkers, E.H. / Stefansson, A. /
Wolff-Boenisch, D. / (...) / Bjornsson, G.,Energy Procedia,1(1),p.3641-3646,Feb 2009 - ...CO 2
emissions in deep geological formations...such as in the deep ocean
drill=yes&md5=94a659f94b7c28d770071994e7c35376
32%
1239. TEST 2 Version 1 EARTH, LIFE, AND TIME GEOLOGY 102 FALL 2002 NAME...
Mar 2003 - ...crust at mid-ocean ridges results...of new oceanic crust (5) Mode of...d) in the deep
ocean (7) Fossils...buoyant ocean crust (b) production...organisms (b) a temperature change in
the...factors that increase the preservation...
http://eps.utk.edu/~faculty/kah/pdf/Test2.pdf
32%
1240. A research project supported by the European Commission under the...

Oct 2005 - ...distances of deep open ocean. Sea lilies...seaweeds and crust-forming...as for many
deep-water fish...deep open ocean, evolution...bound in the crust, affecting...must urgently
increase our knowledge...about these deep sea treasures...
http://www1.uni-hamburg.de/OASIS/Pages/publications/Oasis Brochure.pdf
31%
1241. Earth-Pages Archive News, Geochemistry

Temperature dependent thermal diffusivity of the Earth's crust and implications for ... ocean floor
produced by uplift that the collision of a plume head with deep crust would ...
http://www.earth-pages.com/archive/Geochemistry.asp
31%
1242. Expanding frontiers in deep subsurface microbiology

Amend, J.P. / Teske, A.,Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology,219(1),p.131-155,Apr
2005 - ...the Earth's crust, since they...1995). The deep hydrothermal...freshly formed ocean crust
and undergoes...present, the temperature limit for...permissi
drill=yes&md5=51dd38deebba5e06515a99eb963ac805
31%
1243. IODP Logging Summary

Jun 2010 - ...properties of upper ocean crust. In general, the...fluctuations in uppermost crust on
the primary eruptive process and the increase in velocity with depth in ocean velocity layer 2
on...progressively higher temperature alteration and metamorp
http://brg.ldeo.columbia.edu/data/iodp-usio/iodp-usio-log_sum/exp309_312/309_312.index.html
31%
1244. Viscosity of the Martian mantle and its initial temperature: Constraints from crust
formation history and the evolution...
Breuer, D. / Spohn, T.,Planetary and Space Science,54(2),p.153-169,Feb 2006 - ...with a primodial
crust of 50km thickness...initial mantle temperature of 2000K is shown...and its initial temperature:
Constraints from crust formation history...that the rate
drill=yes&md5=d095b4aa9f081e08ab185c929419195e
31%
1245. Fluxes of fluid and heat from the oceanic crustal reservoir
Johnson, H.P. / Pruis, M.J.,Earth and Planetary Science Letters,216(4),p.565-574,Dec 2003 -
...lithospheric heat from the crust to an average age of...temperatures in Cretaceous crust. Utilizing
these temperature estimates, heat flow...hydrothermal fluxes
drill=yes&md5=192871e10d838f93cfa16e0c931149d5
30%
1246. Evidence from Submarine Geology Frederick J. Vine Proceedings of the...

Jul 2007 - ...seismicity of mid-ocean ridges or rises...the mediate and deep-focus earthquakes,
occurring to ocean basins is the...the earth's crust. The mid-ocean...the earth's crust but
potentially...mantle beneath the ocean basins (i.e...depth of the Cu
http://www.mit.edu/~einatlev/HSSP2007/extra_materials/Vine1969_tectonics.pdf
29%
1247. Ocean Ridges

Jan 2003 - ...1500-3000 m deep rift valley along...preserved out into the ocean basin. Neo...rift 50
- 200 m deep. Smooth topography...show that oceanic crust lacks layer I...effect could be.
Temperature Dependent Phase...circulation of ocean water that, c
http://www.geo.utep.edu/pub/miller/Courses/PT99/Lectures/Ridges.html
29%
1248. Taylor_OHO.doc
Aug 2006 - ...and ophiolites, identified as oceanic crust. 115-121 Work with R. Coleman on
blueschists...Ophiolite. Hydrothermal alteration of oceanic crust. G. Wasserburg work on Taylor–iv
http...hydrogen-isotope distribution in the oceanic crust. Compa
http://oralhistories.library.caltech.edu/121/01/Taylor_OHO.pdf
29%
1249. Tertiary limestones and sedimentary dykes on Chatham Islands, southwest Pacific
Ocean, New Zealand
Titjen, Jeremy Quentin,Jan 2007 - ...located in the SW Pacific Ocean, approximately 850 km to...of
submerged continental crust that represents part...global eustatic sealevel and temperature
changes associated with development of Southern Ocean water front
http://adt.waikato.ac.nz./public/adt-uow20070308.165446
29%
1250. Contribution of syncollisional felsic magmatism to continental crust growth: A case

study of the Paleogene Linzizong...
Mo, X. / Niu, Y. / Dong, G. / Zhao, Z. / Hou, Z. / Zhou, S. / Ke, S.,Chemical
Geology,250(1),p.49-67,May 2008 - ...against average composition of model ocean crust (Niu and
O'Hara, 2003). Plotted...to normalization against model ocean crust composition (Ni
drill=yes&md5=2d583edb969d6206246c4db5775e0a08
28%
1251. Encyclopedia - Britannica Online Encyclopedia

Jun 2010 - ...58 AU).... deep ocean circulation...differences in temperature and salinity...referred to
as the deep, or abyssal, ocean circulation. Measuring seawater temperature and salinity
distribution...of studying the deep-flow patterns...
http://www.britannica.com/bps/browse/alpha/d/33
28%
1252. Analysis: Acidic oceans may snarl food web

The Dalles, Ore. (UPI) Jun 6, 2008 - Increased carbon levels in ocean water could have devastating
impacts on marine life, scientists testified Thursday at a ...
http://www.terradaily.com/reports/Analysis_Acidic_oceans_may_snarl_food_web_999.html
27%
1253. NASA - Earthquake

In some cases, only the rock deep in the ground shifts, and no movement occurs ... Mid-ocean
spreading ridges are places in the deep ocean basins where the plates ...
http://www.nasa.gov/worldbook/earthquake_worldbook.html
26%

... arrived, exactly when they arrived, and knowing where and when the ... The crust is very thin,
averaging about 30 km thick in the continents and 5 km thick in the oceans ...
http://geophysics.ou.edu/solid_earth/notes/seismology/seismo_interior/seismo_interior.html
25%
1255. Solar System Exploration: Science & Technology: Science ...

The Solar System Exploration Home Page is part of NASA's Office of Space Science and describes
NASA's program to explore the solar system.
http://solarsystem.nasa.gov/scitech/display.cfm?ST_ID=286
25%
1256. Alternative Cancer Treatment - Alternative Cancer Therapy

Alternative cancer treatment from Saint Joseph Medical Center gives cancer patients viable
alternative treatment and care options. Laetrile (amygdalin or vitamin ...
http://www.doctorofhope.com.mx/
23%
1257. Research Magazine :: Spring 1992 : Life at the Boiling Point

As ocean water seeps into the earth's crust surrounding an underwater volcano, ... the pressure
and heat of two-mile-deep vents in the ocean floor, skin divers ...
http://researchmagazine.uga.edu/92sp/boiling.html
23%
1258. NASA's Cosmicopia - Ask Us - Earth and Moon

Cosmicopia at NASA/GSFC - Ask Us - Earth and Moon ... density, temperature, etc. The sharp
discontinuities at the mantle-crust and mantle-core interfaces are ...
http://helios.gsfc.nasa.gov/qa_earth.html
22%
1259. Geological Data Center at Scripps Institution of Oceanography

... Philippine Sea, a region of anomalously thin crust and anomalously deep water. ... of 500 km
using Ocean Botton Seismoters.in crust and anomalously deep water. ...
http://gdc.ucsd.edu/index.php?page=0089&table=cruise_info&field=cruise_narrative
20%
1260. Global Warming and Ice Ages:

increase insolation by an amount – perhaps 3% – sufficient to prevent another ... in order to
prevent an estimated (global- and time-)average temperature increase ...
http://www.rense.com/general18/scatteringEdTellerwithnotes.pdf
20%
1261. Te c h n i c a l S u m m a r y
capacity of the deep ocean and dynamic adjustment of the ice ... of the ocean, equivalent to a rate
of temperature increase in. this layer of about 0.04°C ...
http://www.ipcc.ch/pdf/climate-changes-2001/synthesis-syr/english/wg1-technical-summary.pdf
20%
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